第 一 部 分 疾 病 的 衝 擊
第 一 章 慢 性 化 2004 1 3 3 2020 1 5 7 Partnership for Solutions, 2004 2001 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, MEPS 83% Partnership for Solutions, 2004 2011 65 眾 National Center for Health Statistics, 2004 life-saving treatment iatrogenic
maintenance care Lynn & Adamson, 2003 episodic care Zitter Zitter, 1997, p.2
2158-2008 poultices Majno, 1975 17 Cipolla, 1992 19 iatrogenic 1940 National Health Survey Commission on Chronic Illness, 1957 1977 Centers for Disease Control, CDC Benjamin & Newcomer, 1997 1-1 Commission on Chronic Illness residual disability
Mayo, 1956 National Conference on Care of the Long-Term Patient Roberts, 1954 50 1-1 作 者 定 義 1957 Feldman 1974 Cluff 1981 Curtin & Lubkin 1995 total human environment ESRD 30
Emanuel 1982 p.502 Curtin & Lubkin, 1995, pp.6-7 40 Rolland, 1987
15% 18% Judson, 2004; Perrin, 2004 2001 0 17 1-2 慢 性 疾 病 比 例 6% 15% 27% 35% Partnership for Solutions, 2004 Jackson, 2000 National Center for Health Statistics, 2004
Judson, 2004 Brown-Hellsten, 2005 Schmitke & Schlomann, 2002 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Schmitke, J. & Schlomann, P. 2002 Brown- Hellsten, 2005 眾 Sharpe & Rossiter, 2002 normalization Knafl & Deatrick, 1986
10 Newacheck, Hung, Park, Brindis, & Irwin, 2003 20 1900 2000 1-3 21 1950 2000 75 3% 6% 2050 75 12% 2004 co-existing conditions co-morbidities 21 Lynn Adamson 2003 1-3 1900 2000 47 75 Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. 1997
11 1. 2. 3. Erikson generativity versus stagnation integrity versus despair 眾 65 眾 眾