,,,, (CIP) /. :, 2004.5 () ISBN 7-81060 - 381-7.........-.R593.21 CIP (2004) 020651 818 : 200433 / : 021-65493093 : 850 1168 1/ 32 : 9.125 : 229 2004 5 1 2004 5 1 : 1 3 000 ISBN 7-81060 - 381-7/ R287 : 17.00
???,,,,,,,, 100,, (),, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, :, ; ;,,,,,,,,, ; 1
,,,,,,, 2004 4 29 2
/ 1 1. / 1 2. / 2 3. / 3 4. / 5 5. / 6 6. / 7 7. / 8 8./ 11 9. / 12 10. / 14 / 18 1. / 18 2./ 19 3./ 20 4. / 21 5./ 23 6. / 25 7./ 26 8. / 27 9./ 30 10. / 31 11./ 31 12. / 33 1
13. -/ 34 14. / 36 15. / 37 16. / 38 17. : / 40 18./ 41 19. / 42 20./ 44 21./ 46 22./ 48 / 51 1./ 51 2./ 52 3./ 54 4./ 54 5. / 55 6./ 57 7./ 58 8. / 59 9. / 60 10. / 61 11./ 62 12. / 63 13. / 65 14./ 65 15. / 66 16./ 68 17. / 69 2
18. / 69 19. / 71 20. / 71 21. / 72 22./ 73 23./ 75 24. / 75 25./ 77 26./ 78 27. / 79 28./ 79 29. / 80 30. ASO / 83 31./ 83 32. / 85 33./ 86 34. / 87 35./ 88 36./ 89 37./ 90 38. / 91 39./ 91 40. / 92 41. / 93 42. / 94 43./ 96 44. / 97 45. / 97 3
46. / 99 47. / 101 48. / 103 49. / 105 50. / 105 51. / 107 52. / 107 53./ 108 54./ 109 55. / 110 56. / 111 57./ 112 58./ 114 59./ 115 60./ 116 61./ 117 62. / 118 63. / 119 64./ 120 65. / 122 66./ 123 67./ 125 68. / 126 69./ 128 70./ 130 71./ 133 / 135 1. / 135 4
2. / 135 3. / 137 4. / 137 5./ 139 6./ 140 7. / 141 8. / 142 9. / 143 10. / 144 11./ 145 12./ 146 13./ 146 14./ 147 15./ 148 16. / 148 17. / 149 18./ 151 19. / 152 20. / 153 21./ 156 22. / 157 23. / 158 / 161 1. / 161 2. / 161 3. / 163 4./ 165 5. / 166 5
6. / 167 7. / 168 8./ 169 9./ 170 10./ 171 11./ 172 12. / 174 13./ 175 14. / 176 15. / 176 16. / 178 17./ 179 18./ 182 19./ 183 20./ 186 21. / 187 22./ 188 23. / 190 24. / 191 25./ 195 26. / 195 27. / 196 28. / 198 29./ 199 30. / 202 31. / 202 32. / 203 33. / 204 6
34. / 205 35. / 207 36./ 207 37./ 209 38. / 212 39. / 215 40./ 217 / 220 1./ 220 2. / 220 3./ 222 4./ 222 5./ 223 6./ 224 7. / 225 8./ 226 9./ 226 10./ 228 11./ 229 12. / 233 13./ 235 / 238 1./ 238 2./ 243 3. / 245 4./ 246 5. / 249 7
6. / 252 7./ 253 8./ 255 9. / 256 10./ 257 / 261 1./ 261 2./ 262 3. / 263 4. / 264 5./ 266 6./ 268 7./ 269 8./ 269 / 272 1. / 272 2. / 275 3./ 276 4. / 278 5./ 279 8
1., 4,, 200, :,,,,, 1940,, 10 : (),,,,,, 1928 1
, ; 1953 ; 1948,,, 1980 ; 1985 ;,,,,,, 5 000,,,, 2.,,, 1983, 10,,, 10 :,,
( ),,,,,,, 10,, ( ),, 3.,, 3
4 ; 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 :,,, 3,,,,,,, 3,,,
,,,,,, 4., 40 (1 ) 1928 4,, 210, 23 1970, H LA-DR4 HLA,, A B O AB 20 60,,,, DR4,, DR1, DR4, DR4 (2 ) HLAB27 64, 5 2 HLAB2 7 5
,, (3 ),,, ( ),, 12,, 5.,,,,,,,, B19
EB ; ;,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,, :, CD4 CD8, T, CD4 T h (T ), CD8 T s (T ) CD4/ CD8, B ( ), 7
7. (1 ) 010 mm/ h, 016 mm/ h, 0.15 mm/ h,, / 2, ( + 10 )/ 2 60 30 mm/ h, 60 35 mm/ h 20 mm/ h,,,,,,,, 43%, 22%, 15%, (2 ) C,, C, C C, 10 mg/ LC C, C,, C,, C,, (3 ) ( 410 ) 10 9 / L : 1% 5%,
50% 70 %, 0.5 % 5%, 0% 1 %, 20% 40%, 3% 8%, Still ( ),,,,,, (4 ) O O,,,,,, O, O, O,,, O, (5 ) ( A NA),,, 5,,,, (6 )DN A ( ds-dna ) DN A, ds-dn A DN A, 9
,, ds-dna (7 ) DNA (ss-dna ) ds-dna,, (8 ) ENA EN A,, 10, EN A Sm :, 30 %, Sm, r RNP :, V1 RN P :, 95%,,, SSA : 60 % 70 %,, SSB: Scl-70 :, JO-1 : (9 ), 80%, 1% 4%, 75 20% 25%, 10% 24%,,, : ; ; IgM, IgG IgA :,,,
;,, ;,, ;,, IgG IgA IgM (10),,, (11) C1 C9 9, C3 C4, C3 C4 C3, 8.,,, :, ; ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9.,, (1 ),
(2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 1,, (4 ),, 13
-,, 6, C (5 ),,,, (6 ),, (7 ),,,, 10.,,,, (1 ) :,,,, :,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, :, ;,, ;, (2 ),,,,, :,, ( ),, (3 ),,,,,,,,, (4 ) :,,,,,,,,, 15
,,,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,, 100, 95, 80, 92, 98,,,,,, 70% 50 g, 2,,, 4, 10 g,, 150 g,,,, (6 ),,,,,,,,,,,
,,,, 17
1.,,,,,,, (1 ),,, 2.5%,, 2 000, 200,, 20, 19 %,, 1020, X (2 ) ( ),,,,,, :,, :,, :,,,,
,,,, ( ) () 2.,,,?,,,,,,, ( ),, X,,,,,,,,,, ( ), X,,,, 19
,,,, (, ),,,,, EB,,,,, 3. 70%,, 12,,,,, 10 %,,,,, 20%,,, ( ) ( ),
,,,,,,,,,,, 20%, 23 mm,,,,,, X,,,,, ;,,,,, 4.,,, 21
54 %,,,,,,, X, 47%,,,,,,,,,, 42%, 20 %, 5% :,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,, 6,,, 60,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, :,, (,,, ), (,, ),, 5.,, 16 23
, Still,, 45, 13 1113,, 40,,,, 2.5, 10,, 90 %,,,,, 2, 4, 2 78, 5, 2 3 3, 78, 3,,,,, 20%, C, : ; ; 16 ; 2%,,
, 3/ 4,, 1.4%, 6. 60 11.5 %, :,,,, ( ) ;, ( ), ; ;, ;,,,,, ; ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 25
:,, 7,,,,,,,, 5 mg ( 1 )/ d,,,,,,,, 7.,,,50%,,,,,,, : :,,,,, ;,
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ;,,,, ( ) 8.,,, 27
, 1838, 1860,1875, 1899,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ),,,,,, ; ; ; :,, ;, ;, ;,,, (1 ),,,,,,,
, (),,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, 25% 55%,,,, 17% 48%,,,, 23% ; 16% 31 % ;,,,, (3 ) 3, 29
,, 3,,,, (4 ),,,,1 3, ; 1 2 ; 1 1,, (5 ),,, 9., 17,, 1880 1894,,, 1,,?,,,,,,
,, 250 mg(1 ),, 10.,, 1929, 1/ 3,, ( ),,, 1 X,,,,,,,,, 6, 18,, 11. 30, 31
,,,, 35, 24,,,,,,, C,,, 1,, 2 3, ; 50 % 70%,,,,, 2 g 5.5%, 28 g 31.3%, 8 g 95%,, 40,,,
,,,,,,, 12.,,,,? 1951,,,,, 1970,, 48% 80%,, 1,6 2 X,,,, 510 mg,, 312,,,, 33
,,,,, 2 g 2 g? 5 mg, 300 mg, 1 2 g,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13. -, 3,, -,,,,,,
,,,, -,,, -,, C, - -,,, C, - 50, 2, : - 6, C, - -, 24, 38,,,,,,,,, ( ),, -,, 5, 50 100, 23 35
14., 20 90, 47, 10, 66.4 %, 85.6 %, 3, 3, 3 47%, 36.5 %, 16.5%, 3 72.5% 12, 81 % : :,,,, 1/ 2 :, :,,,,,,, 3, 80 mg ( 4 ), 80 mg, 80 mg,
25.5%, 44.7%, 11.4 %, 7.6%, 6.1%, 5.3 %, 4.6%, 12,,,,,,, 15.,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 37
1, ;, 1,, IgM, IgG,,,,,,,,,,,,, 16., ;,, X,,, 7 : 1 3
14 3 5 1,,,,, X 6 7 4,, (1 ) 3 : 12 ( ),,,,,,,, 7 4,, (2 ), IgM IgA IgGIgE 4, IgM, IgM, IgM, (3 ) ; ;, 39
17. :,,,,,, 3 g, 3, 3, 85, 4, 5,,, ; 56 % 54, 2 (3.7 % ),,,,,,,,,,,, 16,, 25 % 60% C,, 200 mg, 2,,,,
,,,,,, 30% 52%,, 18., :,,, (1 ) (2 ) 38 (3 ) (4 ) 60 mm/ h X, 1 ( 1 2 1 ),, 2 41
14, 12,, 0.5% 1.0%,, 19.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 :,,, ; (1 ) ;,,,
( ),,,,,, 12,,,,,,, 3 :,, (2 ),, 3, ; ;,,, (3 ), 60%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 43
1030, 1020,,,,, 10, 10,, 12 kg,,,,, 5, 20, 34,,, (4 ),,,,, T,,,,, 20.? 489 520, 42, 8.6%, 3%,,, 213 911, 1
1 202,,,,,,,,,,,,, 312? 18, 10 15, 4.1, 3.7,, 15,,,,,,?,,,?,,,, 45
21. (1 ),,, 1%, 2/ 3, 4565 10,, 5% 10% B, ( ), 1/ 4,, 52 % 41 %,,,,,,,,, 38 %, 98%, 33 %,66%,, 88 mm/ h,,,,
, (2 ),,, ( ),,, (3 ),, (4 ),,, 1 30 %,,,, (5 ),,,, (6 ),, X 47
, Still, 22.,,,,, (1 )?,, C, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,, (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,, (1 ),,, T, T, 49
,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ), 135, 378,, 3140, 50%,, (4 ),
1., ;, ;, ;,, ;,, 1933, 50, 90%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 51
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 200 1,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 28%,,,,,,,,,
,, X, 25 %,,,,,,,,, 3,, 53
3.,,,?,,,,,,,, 92%,,,,,,,,, ENA, SS-A SS-B, SS-A SS-B,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, T, B,,
,,,,,,, 3, 2,,,,,, 0.5% 1%,,, 1%,,,,,,, 20,, 7.2 ml, 10.3 ml;, 8, 2 10, 3,,,,,,,, 5.,, 55
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 mg, 1 ( ),,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,, ( 12 1 ),,,,,,
,,,,,,,,, 6.,,,, 51/ 10 ;, 2 000 1, 3.2 70.41/ 10, 2.6 30.13/ 10, 1540, 159,, 12, 25% 50%, 5%, 1828, :,,,,,,, 57
100,, : ;,,,,,,, SLE,,,,,,,,, 7.,,, ; EB ;,,,,,,,,,,
:,, 5% 12 % ( ), ( HLA) C2 C4,,, 8.,,,,,, 110, 1540,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1/ 3,, ;, ; 59
9.,, DN A,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 100%, DNA ( ),,,, DNA Sm,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, 10.,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, ( ),, 61
70%,,, 110 9 / L,,, 510 9 / L, 20%, 110 9 / L,,,,, 5 92.3%, 9 83.1% 11.,,,, 20% 30%, 39 %, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15%
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12. :,,, 5 % 63
, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0.25 g ( 1 ),,,, 3, 20 mg,, 3, 80
mg (4 ),,, B12, 13.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 : ( ) ; ( ) ; ;,,, ( ) 14., 88 % 100%,,,, 65
,,,,,, 24, 6,,,, 5% 10%,, 15., 55%, 100%, 24%, 4 90%,,,, 6 : () :,,, () : 50 %,,,,, ( ) : 50%,,,, ( ) :
,,,,, ( ) :,,,,, ;,,, 24 7, 7,, 20 ml 24, 24 0.5 g,,,, 24 B,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 67
,,, 0.81.0 g, 500 ml, 1 1958,,,,,,,, 2 16.,,,,,, C T,,,,,,,,, ST-T
, 17.,,,, 50%,,,,,, ;, 30, 10 g 18., ( ), 95% 69
,,,,, DN A Sm DNA,, DN A Sm,, SSA SSB RNP SSA SSB, RNP 50 % 70 %, 100%,, 20 % 30 %,,,, DNA Sm, T,,, C,,,, ( + )( + + + ),,,,,
,,, 19.,,,,,,,, 1 000 mg 5 %, 1, 3, 1 1 3, 4 60 mg/ d(), 30 mg/ d ( ), 15 mg/ d(), 5 mg, 5 mg510 mg,,,, 20.,,, : 71
, DNA 1, 50 mm/ h 12, C3 C3 DN A,,,,,, 1 5 10 93% 73% 60 %, 21.,,,,,,,,,,,,? :,,,, :,
,,,,,,,,,,, 3 3,,, 7.5 mg,,? :,,,,,, 8,,,,, 22.,,,,? 73
,,,, 50%, 30% 70 %, X, X,,,,,,,,,,,, 3, 15 g,,, 1,,,,,,,,,
, 23.,,,,,,, L-,,,,,,,,,,,,, 24., 5 5%, 95% 5,,,,, 40,, 75
,,,,,,,,,,,,, SLE, SLE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
25. 1/ 3,,,,,,, (DN A),, DNA (DNA) DNA,,,,, B, B,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,, 77
,,,,,,,,,,,, 26.,, ;,, 12,,,,,,,,, T, T, B,, 200400 mg/ kg,, 1, 35 34 1,,,,
27.,,,,,,,, 716,,,,, 20 80, 1987,, 28. A B, : 13, A B,, O ( ASO),, 79
,,,,, A B,,, 2% 5%,,,,, 29. : (1 ) 75 %, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,
,,,, ASO, (2 ),,,, 38, 90100, 38 120 /,, 100140,,,,, 5%, (3 ) 50 %, 10%, 2% : 6, 812,,, 1 2,,,,,, 1/ 3 1, 1.52, 81
(4 ) 2% 10 % :, :,,,, 12 cm :,,, 24, (5 ) 10% 20%, 3 % : :,,,,,, :, 1,,,,,,,,,, 34,,,, (1 % 5% ), 5 %,,,,
30. ASO ASO O, ASO, 1 400 A B 2, ASO,, 4 6, 8 10 ASO, 75% 80%,,, ASO 50%, ASO A B, ASO, ASO ASO ASO, ASO,,,,,,, ASO ASO 31. 1992 : : C P-R 83
A B : A B A B, 2, 1 2, 3, :, A B,,, :,,,, C P-R, ( ASO, A ), : :, :,,,, :, : ; ; ASO ;
2 ; :,, :, 32. :,,,,,,, 1 ; 13 ; 6,, C,,,,,, 80 160, 2, 1014,,, 30 mg/ kg, 1.5 g/ d, 3, 1014, 85
1.83.6 g/ d, 80 100 mg/ kg, 34 68,,,,,,,, 75150 mg/ d, 23 ; 12 mg/ k g, 75 mg/ d, 3 ( ) ( ) ( ), 0.51 mg/ kg, 12 mg/ kg 33.,, (1 ) A B 1%,,,,, (2 ) ( ),
, A B,,,,,,,,,,, 80 160, 2, 10 (3 ) ( ) 20% 50% A B,, 10 % 20%,, A B 60, 120,, 3 1 4 1,,, 5, 18 34., 87
, ( ) ;, ( ),,,, 412, 510, 1311, 2050 :, :,,, :,, :, 35.,,, :,,,,, ( ),,,,?,,, ( )( ),
,, ;, ;,,,,,,, ( 31),,,,,, ( ),, 90 %,,,,,,,, 36.,,,,, 89
, 3 : :,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,, 37. 70% 97%, 30 % 65 %,,,,, X,,,,,,,,,
,,, 38. 60%,,,,, 75 %,, 2/ 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39.,,, 91
,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ) X,,,,,,, 40.,,,,,,,,,,,, 20/ 12 kpa ( 150/ 90 mmh g ),,,,,,,, ( < 1.5 g/ L),, > 3 g/ L
,,, 20/ 12 kpa( 150/ 90 mm Hg), 41. CR EST, ( Calcinosis) ( Raynaud ) ( Esophageal dysfunction ) ( Sclerodactyly ) ( Telangiectasia ), CRES T,, ( ), X,,,, CRES T,,,,,,,, 50% 90%, DNA, 70 000, CESR T-70 93
, CRES T, 10, 2 3 10,,, 1, 7 93 %,, 42. 1974 2,,,,,,,,,, 30% 50%,,,,, 80%,,, 2/ 3,,,
86 %, 20%, 1.910 9 / L, 4060 mm/ h74%, G M,,,,, 20,, :,,, :, 21,, 156,, 3069 ;, 2049,, ;, ; 90% 95%, ;, ;,, ;, ; 95
, 3060 mg/ d, 24 2,,, 43.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,26,, 1,,,,
,,,, 44.,, 3% 7 % 93,, 93 7, 7.5 % 1 28, 16, 6, 8.5 5.2,,,,,, T,,,,, 45. (1 ),,, ( ), 3060 mg/ d,, 97
(2 ), ( )() ( ),, (3 ),,, (4 ),,,,,, 0.25 0.5 g/ d, 13,,,,,, 0.51 mg/ d,,,, 1.02.0 g 5% 500 ml, 1, 5, 2, 5, 10 1 1 2,
(5 ), H 2,,,,,, 18.67/ 12 kpa(140/ 90 mmh g) (6 ),,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 46. 1972,,,,, 99
,, 84%, 3060,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,, ( RN P ),,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, 47.,,,,,,,,,, 50,, 1,,,,,,,,,, 50 mm/ h, 100 mm/ h,,,, 101
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10 20 mg/ d ( 24 ) ; 100 mm/ h, 24, 3 2.5 mg( ), 10 mg/ d, 3 1 mg, 5 7.5 mg/ d 1 mg, 1 mg,, 1/ 5,,,,, 1, 6 50 ( ) ( ) 3 2, 1 C,,
( ),, 48.,,,,,,,,,,, : 40%,, 25 %,,,,, :,, 103
:,, 68 %, 69%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23 cm,,, 4060 mg/ d,,,, 46, 12 10%, C,
, 1 2 49. ( ),, ;,,, 0.1/ 10 / 0.6/ 10, 0.5/ 10,,,, 1015, 4560 50,, HLA-DR3, HLA-B14,, 50.,,,, 105
,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 0 : 1 :, 2 :,, 3 :, 4 :, 5 :,,,
34,,, 51., : :,,,,,, ( Gottron) :,,,,,,, : V, :, :,,,,, 52. 40% 60%,,, 107
,,,, 6,,, X,,,,,,,,,,, 53.,40, 10%, 70%,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 54. (1 ),, 90%, 15% 60% J0-1, 30% 40%, 5%,, Mi-2,, P M-SCL, 10 %, (2 ) ( ALT ) ( AST ),,, (3 ),, (4 ), 109
, 3, : ;,, ; (5 ), 55. (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ), ( ) ( ),,,, 13,,,, 20%, 34,, (3 ) :,,,,,, 7.510 mg
,, 1525 mg,, 1 (4 ), 200400 mg/ kg, 3 23 1,,, (5 ),,,, 23,,,, 56. 1937,,,,,,,, 10/ 10, 14/ 10, 4/ 10, 2535,, 0.771, 111
:,,,,,,,,, 12,,,,,, ;,,,, (,, ), ( ),,,, 4,,, 12, 23,,,,, 57.,,, (1 ) 50%, 12,
,,,, X,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,,, (5 ) 5%,,,, (6 ),, 113
,,, 58.,,,,,,,,12,,? (1 ) 2 1, (2 ), (, ), 2448,,, (3 ), (4 ),,,,, C,, (5 ) 10 %, 70 %,
,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,1 2, 2,, 59.,, (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,, A,, 115
(3 ),, 1/ 3,, (4 ), (5 ),, 60.,, :, 214,,,,, 721,,,,,,,, 34,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
61.,, 1964, 20 %,,,,, 3060, (0.512 cm),,,, 1 3, 1/ 3 1, 85%,,, 70 % 1,,,,,,,,,, 117
,,?, :,,,,, 52 % 1 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 62. 1,, :, ;,,
,,,,,,,,,, ; ; 3 2 63., : : : :,, T,,, 119
, 64.,,,, 2030,,,, : :,,,,,, ( ), ( ) :,,,, ( ), :,, :,,, C,
,,,,,, 3 3 : 40 2.67 kpa(20 mmh g) : :,,, 2030 mg/ d,, 24 510 mg/ d,, 24, :,, : 500 ml/ d, 24 1, : :,,,,, 5 10%,,, 10 60 %,,,,, 121
65.,, 34, 3040,,,,,,, 80% 90%,,, 60 %, 70%,,,, 25%,,,,,,, :,,,
,5 13% 48% 57% 6080 mg/ d,, 12 mg/ kg 66.,,, ( ),,,,,95% 16,,,,,, ( ) (),,,,,, 14, 30%,,, 123
,, 80%,,,,,,,? : 16 ( ),, 3,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 30% 40 %,,,
16,,,,,,,, 2060 mg,, 24 67.,,,, 50%,, :, 2/ 3,, 1/ 3, X,, 12 125
,, 10,,, 1/ 2,,,,, X,,, 1,, 90% 68.,,,,,,, :,, 3940,,, :, 0.56 cm,,,,,,
,,,,,, B X, : 20%,,, :,,, :,,,,, :,,,, : :,,,,,,,,,, :, 12 mg, 0.5% B12 12 ml, 48 ml, 127
, 1, 12 7 mg(1 ), B1 2,,,,,, 3, 20 mg(2 ),, 1, 90 mg( 1 )12,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 L 69.,,,, : : 1/ 3,,,,,, 510,,,,,,,
, (, ) : 3/ 4,,,,,,, ;,, :,,,,, :, : :,, :,,,, : :, 0.51.0 mg/ kg, 46, : 50200 mg,,,, :,, A 129
,, ( ) X, 2,,,, 5.25, ( ) ( ) 70.,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987,,,,,
,,,, (1, 2), 39 40 40, 12 1,,,,, 2,,,, 24,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 50% 60 %,,,,,,,,, 50%,,,, 131
,, 90 %,, ( 1020 ) 10 9 / L, 5010 9 / L,, 0.9 30010 9 / L,, 100 mm/ h, C,, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 12 mg/ kg, 1,, 1/ 5 1, 1/ 3 12,,,
,,,,, 71.,,,, 10 40 2,,,,, 6 : : 90 %, : 96 %,,, :, : 92 %,,, : ( ) :,,,,,, ; 133
2010 9 / L ; ( 1020) 10 9 / L,, ( ), : ; ( ) ;, (60200 mg),, 3 g, 75300 mg,,,
1., :, H LAB27,, :,,,,,,,,,, HLAB27 2.,, 135
,,, :, 62 % 88%, 1623,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ) 50 H LAB2 7,, HLAB27,, 2/ 3,, : 1,, 10 59%,
,,, 3., 2 000,,,,, ( ),,, HLAB27, 0.1 %, 4%, H LAB2 7 11% 25%, 80% HLAB27, H LAB27, 0.3%, 4.,,,,,, ( ),, X,, 137
,, X,,,,,,, 36 % 66%,,,,,, 1/ 3,,,,,,, ( )( ),,, 20 % 30 % (,, ),,,, 3.5% 10%, C HLAB27 90% X, X,,, X :0,,,, CT X,,, : :
,, 5 cm, 10 cm, 2, 4 cm, - :,, :,,,,,, 0,, :, 4 ( ), 2.5 cm : X, 1 : 3 ( ) 2.5 cm,,,, H LAB2 7, 5. :, 17 ;, 91, 30 50 ;, 2030, HLA B27 ;,,,, ;,, ; 100%,, 139
,, X,, ; 70 % 90% ; ; ; 6.,, 400 :, 2030, 40 8 HLAB27,, 2030,,, H LAB27,,,,,,,,, 3, 10,,,,,
7.,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, 1 1 24,, 2,, ( ),,, 3, 25 mg,, 50100 mg, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, 3, 141
(3 ),,,, 46,, 3, 0.25 g, 0.251.0 g, 2 2 g, 6 1 3 g, 2 g,, 2 g (4 ),,,,, (5 ) ;,,,,,, 8. 1916 Reiter 1 8,,,, ;, ( ),
, 1% 3 % 1 1948, 15, 344 (0.23% ) 2 1966,, 1274 602, 9 (1.5 % ) 19541960,100,, 1 000, 10201 9., 2 : : 721,, 20 80, 80% 90% H LAB2 7, HLAB2 7,,, ;,, 90%,, ( ), H LAB2 7 143
10., 10151,,,,, 2, 3 4,, 12,,,,,,,,, 13,,,,,,, ( ), 26.6%,,,,, 10% 30%,,,,,
9% 40%,,,, 10%, 15 %,,, C, (1530) 10 9 / L 44%, 25% 95% HLAB27 11. 5 3 2 : () ( ), 1 : ( ),, X,,,,, H LAB2 7,, :,, 145
,, 12.,,,, 1%,, ( ), 1,,,,, 26,, C, 14,, H LAB27, 13., A B, 20
,,,,,, :, ;,,, 1 %, 80 % HLAB27, H LAB2 7,,,,, 14. 24, 4,,,,, ( ), (),, (), 147
, C, 2/ 33/ 4 HLAB27 HLAB2 7 15. : 4, ( ),, H LAB27, ( )( ),,,,,,,, 16., 35, 1
,,,,,,,,,,,, 24,, 12 17.,, 4, 1% 2 %, 0.1%,, 1/ 10,,,,,,, 149
,,,, Auspitz Auspitz,, : :, 70 % 23, ( ), () 1/ 31/ 2, : 5% 16.6%,, :, 5% 2030,, : 15 %,,, : 20% 40% 40%,,,,, 80%, 20%, 20,, 80
, 19.6 % 10.1 % 1.8%, 5%,, 7% X,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; X 18. 252 5,,,, 1, 2/ 3 2, 86, 44% ; 70% 80%,,,,,,,, 151
,,,,,,, 1, 2 ;, 12.525 mg, 1 12.5 mg,, 25 mg,,,,,, 1,44%, ; 1, 24%, 19., 5%,,40% 57%, 17 % 5, 11% 19%,,,,,,, 30 mg, 6070 mg, 68, 30 mg, 70 % 2.55.0 mg, 1, 10
15 mg, 2.5 mg,,,,,,,,, 5 mg,,, ;, ( ),,,,, 1,, 8-, ( ) 0.6 mg/ kg,,, 2,, 34, 3,30,,, 20.,,,,,, 153
, (1 ),,,,,,, 9% 11 %,, 24,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, (2 ),,,
,,,, 20 %,,, 12% X,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 10% 25%,, 3% 11%,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 155
,,,,,,,,, 21.,,,,,,,, 92 30,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 520, 9.8
,,, 1 2 : 5,,,, 1 X :,,,, 114, 4.8,,,,,,,, 22.,,, 2550, 4101, 65 % 90 %, 10, 1907, ( ),,, 157
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,93%,,,,,,, 120, 1 g, 10 1 g, 1, 530,,,,,, 23.,,
,,, 1/ 5,,, 512 20 40 16,,, ; ;, ;,,, 3, 20% 40%,, 5%,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 159
,,, 25 mg,
1.,,, 15 %, 43 %, 5%,,,, 250,,,,, 2., 161
,,,,,,,,,, 50%, 66% 80 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 30,, 12% 43 %, 12% 45% 30, 37 20%, 1.5, 2.1,,,,,,
;,, ( ),,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,, (1 ),, 60%, 80% 163
, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,, X, (3 ), 70%,, H eberden 60%, (4 ),,, (5 ) 3 4,,,, (6 ) :,,,, :,
,,,, 15% :,, 50,, 4., : ; :,,,, ;, :,, ; 4050 :,,, ;, :,, ;,, : ; : H LA ; HLA-DR4 : ( ), ( 165
), ;,, :, ; : 30 ; 30 1 :,, ; 12 X :, ;,,,, 5. (1 ),, ( ), X 10,, 1%,,, (2 ), 10 5 kg, 50% (3 ),, ( ),,,,,,
(4 ),,,, 6. (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),,, :, ( ), 2 ml, 1, 5,, 167
2 ml, 1, 3 1, 1 D-:, 12, 2,, 314628 mg, 3,, 8, 1, :, :, :,,,,, 510 mg, 1, 200300 ml, C:,, C, 150 mg C, 3 C 7.,,,
,,,,,,,,,, 1958 25, 20 80,,,, 8.,,, 3.6 g/ L,,,,,,,, 95%,, 4055, 1 %,, 40, : ; ;,,,, 169
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10% 25%,, 15 % 25 % : 60,, 2,, 9. (),,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10.,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 50% ( ),, 90%,83%,, 171
,,,,,,,, 11., 100%, 5% 12%,,,,,,, 356 mol/ L ( ) 416 mol/ L ( ) 1/ 3, 1/ 3 ( > 528 mol/ L ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,, :,,,, 5,,,, :, 24,, 5, 24 600 mg, 24 1 000 mg, 24 600 mg,,,,,, 3, 3.07.0 g/ L( 178416 mol/ L), 2.56.0 g/ L( 148.5356.0 mol/ L), 7 7.9 g/ L ( 416 469 mol/ L ), 17%, 88.9 g/ L (475529 mol/ L ), 23%, 9 173
g/ L( 535 mol/ L), 82 %, 6 2,,,,, 12., 50% 60%,, 10 ( ) (),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 000,
, 1/ 4,,,,, X,,,, 13.,,,,,,?,,,, ;,,, ;,,, 12,,, 1 ;,, ;, 175
14.,, 2448,,1,, 1977 : 1, 1,, 3, 3,,,,, 15.,,,, 5% 10%,, 14, 50% ()
,, 1 43, 37, X,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 177
16.,,,,,,,,,,, 2, 90 mg(1 ), 1, 1, 1 2, 100 mg( 1 ),, 1, 2,,,,,, 10 20 mg (24 ), 2,, ( ), 1 mg, 12,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,, 17.,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ; (),,, (1 ) 179
,,, 9 g/ L, 2, 5.0 g/ L, (2 ),,, 1950,,,, 1, 612 1 g 50 %, 1/ 3,,,, 12, 0.250.5 g, 1 0.250.5 g, 1.02.0 g, 3.0 g, 5% :, 3.0 g, 3,,,,, (3 ) 1965,, 20 90
100 mg,6 : 50 mg, 13 2550 mg, 50100 mg,,, (4 ) 1, 3,, :0.1 g, 4, 0.1 g, 0.30.4 g, 0.8 g:,,,,, (5 ),,,, (6 ) B,,,, (7 ),,,,,, (8 ), 181
13,,,,, : 0.1 g, 2, 2 0.1 g, 0.3 g, 3, ;,, 0.6 g, 3 12, 710, 36 :,, 10 % 15 %,,,,, 24,, 18.,,,,,, :,,,, 1 5
:,, 20% 30 %,,,,, 19.,,, :,, 20% 25%, 100% (1 ), 20 %,,,,, 1020, :,, 40% 45%,, 85%,, + + +, 54 %, 183
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.05.5 g/ L : :,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,
,,,, :,,,,,, 8 mg/ kg, 2, 34 100200 mg, 1 (3 ), p H,, 13 g/ L, 50% 6% 10% 40 % :, 2 000 3 000 ml, ( 1 cm),,, 90 %,,, 185
20.,,,,, (1 ) 100 50 mg : : : : ( ) ( 2) 100 50150 mg : : (3 ) 100 150500 mg 100 500 mg :,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 21.,,,?,,,, 20%, 80 %,,, 100 ml 1 mg,,,,,,,,,,,, 187
,,, () (),,,,,,,, ( ATP),,,,,,,,,,, 22.,,,,,,,,, (1 ),
,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) ( ), B1 B1 2 B1 B1 2,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, : ( 45.7 % ) (43.2% ) ( 25.9 % ) (18.5% ) ( 15.5 % ) (9.6 % ) 189
23.,,, 50 1/ 4,, 1236, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, 225 m, 98.9 %, X,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,, 24., ( ),,,60 40 %, :,,,,,,,,, 191
:,,,,,, D,,,,,,, 35, 3050 mg, 1%, 50 30 %, 50%, ( ),,,,,,,, 1 200 mg, 1 500 mg 800 mg,,,,, 1989,, 31% 69%, 1988,, 50 %
,, 20 80 : ;75 ;90, 33%, 24%, 5 ; 64%, 12 % ; 35,40 1%, 3 ; 47%, 31% ; 60, 1/ 4, 2 3,,,,, 3,,,, 2030,, 10 10% 15%,,,,,,,,,,, 193
;,,, (, ) (, ) 10%, 50 % 80 %,, 1.8%,,,,,,, 50%, 88% ; 50 %, 69%,,, 1 6.3%, 1 3%, 2,,
25. 3 : : 1,,,, 34,,,,,,, 80% : 50 %, 0.1 g/ cm 2, 1.52.5, 58 ( ) ( ), :,,,,, 26. X 30%, X,, X X,,,, X, 195
, X, : 80 % 90%, 60% 80%, 60%, / ( 0.130.01,, ),, 27.,, D3 ; (1 ), 9%, 12%, (2 ) D D3, D ; ;, (),,, (3 ),
,,, 3,, 2 mg, ( ), 2 25 mg,, 1, 2 mg( 1 ),,,, (3 ) 32,,,,,,,, 1 g ( 10 ), 2, 8 1, 1 50,,, (4 ) 20 80 ( ) ( ), 1995,,,,,,,,, 5001 000 197
ml, (5 ),, ( ),,, (6 ),,,,, 28.,, 100 1 g, 2 g,, 10,,,,,,?,,,,,,,, ( )
,,,,,,,, 7- D,, ; ;,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 29., 0.1% 6.8 %,,,,,,,,,,,, 199
(),,,,,, (1 ), 1/ 1 000,,,,,,,, X,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ), 4 5, (4 ),,, (5 ),,,
,,,,,,,,,, (6 ),,, 9% 32%,,,, ;,,,23%, 46% 9 (7 ) X, ( ),, (8 ),40 6%, 13% 49%,,,, X,, X,, 201
,,,,,, 30.,,, ;,,,, ;,,,, 23,, ; 40 50,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ( ) (), 31. ( )
,, ( Graves ) : Graves ;,,,,, :,,, :,, Graves,,, 32. ( ),, : :, 1/ 3,,,, 203
,, 1/ 3 : 7%,,, :,,, 33. (1 ),,, : :,,, :,, : (2 ),,, D3,,,,,,,,,
:,,,,,,,, X, X, :,,, : D3,,,,,,, 34.,,, ;,,,,, 205
,, X ;,,,,,,,, ( ), 50 %, X X :,,, ( ) ( ),,,
35.,, ( ) : :,,,,, 70%,,, :,,,,,, 36.,,, 10, 207
, 41,,,, 40 50 % 60%,,,,,, ;,,,, X,, : 20 g/ L, < 34 g/ L, > 80%, kg 10 mg, 24 < 2 mg, 10 mg,,, X,,? :,,,, 500 ml 200 ml,,,, 1, 300500 ml,, 1020 mg
,,, 37.,,,,,,,,,,12,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),, X O,,,,,,,, 67 g/ L,, 209
30, 40, 85%, 60% X,,,,,, X,,,, D, D : : D ; ;, D D :, D :, D, D : D: 2 000,, : D,,,,, 1 g, 2 g D D, D,, D,, 7-D,,,,,,,
0.30.4 g/ d, D, 1.5 g/ d,, 21, ;, 43,,,, 23 g, 14 g, 3,, 1 L/ d, 300400 mg,, D,,, D,,,,,, 1 00010 000 D 1 g, D,,,, 10,,,, 25 D,,, 211
,, D,,,,,, D 10 00050 000, 12 g, 15% 30 %,1,25 D,,,,,,,, D?, D,,, 1, 25 D : D 2 0004 000, 500 mg/ d, 46 1, X, D, D 38.
;,,,, 1 mg ( > 100 mg),,,,,,,, 5 : : 612,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,, : 213
,, :,,,,,,,,, X, : :,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,, :,, :,, X,,, 14.5 mg/ L, 38.25 mg/ L, 30 mg/ L 10,, 30
,,, X,,, : 3 mg,,,,,, 39.,,,,,,,,,, (1 ), 1, 25 D 1, 25 D,, D,,,,,, 215
, X,,,, X, :,, D 20 000 200 000 1.03.0 gd,1,25 D,, ( ), 12, D,, (2 ),, :,, 1.016,, X,,,,, D 10 00050 000, D (3 ),
,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, D 20 00050 000, 1 g, 12 g 40.,,,,,, 1115,,, (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ) 217
, 30,,,, XO (3 ),, 30,,,, X, (, ), X X,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ; ;,,,,, :,, ;,
,,, 219
1.,,,,,,,,,, 50%, () 3 : (, ) ; ( ) ; 2.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,, 70 %,,,,,, 46,,, 1, 221
, 38,, 1, 1 3.,, 0.1% 0.5% 2, 13 3 :, 1 1,,,,,,, 25 % 50%,,,, 800 1 000, 1,,, 4.
,,,,,,, 50,,, 20%,,, 60 %,,,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 223
,,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,1020,,, 1/ 1 000, 3 000
,,,,, 4 g, 50 mg, 2,, 1,,, 33% 16, 50%, 90%,,,,,,, 7.,,,, 75 %,,,, 3,, 6 30%,,,80%,,?, 225
, 1 250, 11.6 %,, 8.,, 15% 60 %, 1, 23,, 17,,, 530, 10% 20%,,,, 5 % 10% 36,,,,,, 9.,,,,
,,,, (1 ),,,,, 10% (2 ),, (3 ),, ;,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,, (4 ),, ;, 227
,,,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,,, 2/ 3,,, (6 ), ;,20% 50%,, 10.,,,,,,,
,,, ( ) 1,,,,, 29% 64.2 %,, 11., 80%,,, ;,, 10, 50 %,,,,,,,,,, 229
,,,, X :, ;, ; 3,,, 3,,, 3, 1/ 3,, 1/ 3,, :, ( 300 mg, 3 )(1 g, ),,,, ( ) 1, ( )2,, 1, 3 1 200 mg, 1 g,,,
,,,, (1 ), 50%, 99%, 1%,, 1, 2,,,,, 10%,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (2 ), 231
,,,,,, (3 ),, 2, 3, 10,,,,,,, 2040,,,,, (4 ), (5 ),,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,, 12. 1975,,,, 1979, ( ), 1 2,,,,,,,, 3, 233
, 80% 90 % 30%, 1,,,,, 26 cm,,,, 2, 10%,, 10%,,,,, 11 %,, ;, ;,,,,,, 10%,,,,,,
M( IgM), IgM-BB IgG-BB, IgM-BB, 67 % 91% ; IgG-BB,, 90% 100%,, 6, BB,,,,, ;,,,,, BB 1983,,,,,,,,,, 13.,, 235
,, ( ), :,,,,80% 10,, 41,,,,,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ( ),,, ;,,,,
,, :,, :,,, 23,,,,, B C,,,,,, : X,,,, 237
1. (),, (1 ),, X,,,,,,,, 23,,,,,,,,
,,, B1 2, 1, ( ),, 10 mg, 2.5,,,,,, ;,,,, (2 ),,,, 3 :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 239
(3 ),,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,, :,,, ( ),,, :,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,
,,, : :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 1, 34,, (5 ),,,, 9 241
( ),,, :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 1, 3 1,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, (),
,, :,,,, :,,,,, 2. (1 ) 2,,,, ( ),,,,,, 34,,,, (2 ),, 6 cm,,,, :,,,, 12,,,, 243
,,,,,, ;,,,, ( 1, 56 ), (3 ), ;, ( 150160 ),,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,, (5 ),,,
, 30,,,,,,,, 6,,,, 3. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 5, 2,,,,, 245
(2 ) (, ), ( ),,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),, 3 4,, (5 ),,,,,,,,, 4. (, ),,,, 16 % 4 :
,,,,,,,,,, B12,,,,,,,? 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 247
, 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,
,,,, 34,,,,,,,,,,, 5.,,,,, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; (1 ),,, 4 5 1 90%,,, 249
,,, X,, C T,,,, (2 ), 40,,,, X,,, CT,, (3 ),,, 4 5,, 15 %, 4 5, ; (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,
(5 ),, 3 (,,, ),, ;,,,,,, (6 ),,, () ; ;,, ; (7 ),,,,,,,, (8 ),, X,,, 251
, (9 ),, :,,,, :,,,,,,, 50%, 14 %, 6., 21,,,,,,, :,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.,, 2,,,,,,, 253
,,,, 50%, 55%, 75 %,,,,,,,,, 1,, 80%, 35%, 22 % 3, :,, ( )(, ), 1, 1 10 15, 45,,,,
,,,,,,,, 4250 cm, 90, 41 80 cm, 35,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 8.,50, ( ), X, ( ),,,,, ;, HLA-B2 7,, H LA-B2 7,, 255
, X,,,,, X,,, 9., 5,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 4 : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, X,,, ( ),, 35, 3,,,,,,,,, 60,,, 35, 30, ( ), 10.,, () (1 ) :,, 110, 412,,,, 40, 257
,,, ( ) X,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,, (2 ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B12 259
, 1,,,,
1., 1535,,,,, 90 %,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 261
: :, 1020 mg, 1, 1 70100 mg,, 100120 mg, 1, 23, : 200 mg, : 50 150 mg, : 15 mg,, 60 mg, 34 : 0.5 1.0, 25 mg 100 mg, 3 :40, 5,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,?,,,,,,, 10%, 36 g, 12 g, 3 25 mg, 4,,,,, B, C T,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 263
,,,,,,,, X,,,,,,,,, 4.,, 10 17 (1 ),, 35,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 12,,,,
,,,, (2 ),,,, 12, 35 (3 ) ( 10 20 ), (),,,,,,, (,,,,, ) ( ) (),,, ( ), (), (4 ),,1030,,,,,,,, :, 265
,,,, 5. (1 ) ( ),,,,,,,, 3 0.5 cm,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, 742 ( 9 ),,, 36,,, 1,, 3840, 24, 6,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 3% 9 %? 1, 2 6,,,,,,, 267
6., : ( )( ) B( ) ( ) ( ) (1 ) (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,, B (4 ),,, (5 ),, 23
7., 3 (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, 8.,,, 269
(1 ),,,,,,,, E C, (2 ) D,,,,,,,, D,, (3 ),, D, (4 ),,,, 1/ 5, (5 ),,,
, 43,,,,,, 271
1.,, : ;,,,,,,,,, 1935, 15% 20 %, 5% 10%,,,,
2, ( ), 3,, 10 ; ; ;, ; ; ;, 80%,,, 4 : ;,,,,, 50 %, 25% 35 %,, 5 23,,, ( ), 273
(1 ), (2 ),, (3 ) ( ),,,,,, (4 ), 10% 20%, (5 ),,, 525, (6 ),,, 13 (7 ),, (, ), (8 ),, (9 ),
, (10),,,,,,,,, 20, 13.2,,, 4% 2.,, 1980 1 117 000, 101 300, 1985,,,, 1982, 1/ 3,, 20%,,,, 275
,,,,, :,, ; ; ( ) ; ;,,, 34, 1 872, 10 % 92 %, 80%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, CT, 3.,,, X, (1 )
;, ;, 1020 ; 2040 ; 4050 (2 ), ; ; (3 ),,,,,,,, 10,,, (4 ),,,,,,, (5 ),, (6 ),,,,, 277
,,, X, X 4., (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,,
,, 3%,,,,,,, 5. 3 : 5070, 90 %,15% 12,,,,, X, 50 mm/ h, 75 %,, ( ),,, / 279