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2. 2 1. 3 1. 2. (1 ) q q Fqq = q q( r - r ) = 4 0 r - r 3 q q R 4 0 R 3, : E( r) = : E( r) = 1 q R 4 R 3 N 4 i = 1 q i Ri R 3 i : E( r) = 1 ( r ) 4 V RdV R 3 : E( r) = 1 ( r ) 4 S Rd S R 3 : E( r) = 1 l ( r ) 4 Rd l C (2 ) R 3
3 : Er Er Ez = l 4 r ( cos 1 - cos 2 ) = l 4 r ( sin 2 - sin 1 ) = l 2 r, Ez = 0 : Ez ( 0, 0, z) = : E( r) = l 3( pr) r - 4 r 5 3. (1 ) : P = - P, : P = np n a l z 2 ( a 2 + z 2 ) 3/ 2 :, l = - (2 ) 4. (1 ) (2 ) p r 3-0 D = 0 E + P D = E ( ) D = E = 0, S Dd S = q C Edl = 0,,,, (3 ) D E n( D2 - D1 ) = n - D1 n = n( E2 - E1 ) = 0 D2 E2 t - E1 t = 0,, n 1 2 1, 2 E1, E2 n 5. P = - n( P2 - P1 ) tan 1 tan = 1 2 2 (1 ) E = - (2 ) ( P) - ( Q) = Q P Ed l (3 )
4 (4 ) = - 2 = 0 (= 0 ), : ( r) = q 4R : ( r) = 1 N 4 q i i = 1 R i : ( r) = 1 4 ( r ) V R dv : ( r) = 1 4 ( r ) S R d S : ( r) = 1 4 l ( r ) C R dl (5 ) (6 ) 2 1 = 2, 2 n - 1 1 n = - :( r) = l 2 ln ( l/ 2 - z) + ( l/ 2 - z)2 + r 2 - ( l/ 2 + z) + ( l/ 2 + z) 2 + r 2 : ( r) = l 2 ln 1 r + c : (0, 0, z) = : ( r) = pr = pcos 4 r 3 4 r 2 6. (1 ) E = 0, = 0, ; a l 2 ( a 2 + z 2 ) 1/ 2 ne = 0, nd = ; =, n = - (2 ) : C = q/, : C= q/ U 7. : We = 1 2 VdV : We = 1 2 EDdV : We = 1 2 ED : We = 1 2 qi i i
5 We = qu/ 2 = CU 2 / 2 = q 2 / ( 2 C) : F = - We 8. q = con st = We = con st : ; ; (1 ) : ( ),,,, :,, E = - (2 ) : 2 (3 ), = D = - 2, P = - P; (4 ) : q, qeuc, U,, UEqC (5 ), 1. 4 1.1 L, l0, 1 1 ( 1 ) ; (2 ) E, E 1 1