1978 22. 2 9 22 24 3 24 21 1112 12 ( )73 167 6193 5.4% 1
2 8 A. 199279 167 167 16 7 167 586 24 58 227 4 2
1848 1 15 176-184 184-195 195 199 28-3 199 2 5 1897-1911 4227 257 193 198 K 1999/1997 612-613 2 5 3
K 1999/199715-16 19 187-1992 2 9 5% 1 K 1999/199761 1 % 187 1913 195 1992 7 3 6 19 21 45 25 3 1 3 6 43 34 24 25 33 42 1 32 58.5 25 7 41 38 21 38 47 25 25 37 38.5 35.5 6 25 37 38 1 45 45.5 45 5.5 25.5 7 197 18.2% 1971 19.1% 197 16.1%1972 18.7% 1989161 1975 34% 199172 4
/ 21 1 22 1 22a 252-254 22b 5
2535 57. 1998 14 1 14 4 24 9 7 5 1998 1 1479.41 1999 1999 15 1999 8 445% 555% 2 3 8 1 12 6
2 1993 5% 1978 17.9% 22 39.1% 23 34 1978 1978, 7.5%, 17.3%, 12.2% 22, 5.%,21.4%,28.6% 2, 4, 16, 1978 28.1%, 48.2%, 23.7% 22, 15.4%,51.1%,33.5% 13, 3, 1,2334 7
2 8 9 21 2 9 8 21 16-7 16% 24 2 8 23 1981 5 29-9 19 22 8
2313 35% 2457-58 21.6 44.5% 55.5% 24 46.8% 1/1 2/5 46.8% 2458 21-22 21-22 7 2 8 9 22 2 17 S1 23 1 9
4 22 2377.5 4742.9 ( 23 149 ) 7374 6.43% 2 5 8 ( 21) 8 2 5 22 243.5 349.3, 622.8 23148 4.62% 2 8 22 367.56 352.95 23138 72.51..98% 1
1996 1949-1978 1996 1957-1977 2 3-4 2421-26 11
1998 1996 1978 2 5 21 2 Nee,Viotor1989663-81 22/197923 12
8 4 5 6 24 4 (%) 1989 19891992 1992 ( 78.6 84.6 79.3 71.2 ) ( 1.7 ) ( 1.7 9.1 6.3 12.7 8. 21.4 7.1 ) 1. 1. 1. 99.7 1997 19931995 19972 21 5 5 % 1988 19891992 1992 1.9 4.3 4.9 4.6 19.8 16. 25.5 23.5 13.2 8.6 1.8 1.7 2.8 17.9 15.8 16.7 35.8 46.3 36.9 38.2 8.5 6.8 6.1 6.5 1. 1. 1. 1. 1997 6 % 13
36 6.8 21 4. 58 1.9 17 3.2 5.9 3.6 39 7.4 15 19.8 28 5.3. 14 26.4 78 14.7 53 1. 223 11.3 3 1.5 11 5.1 24 1.2. 1.5 4 2. 322 16.3 119 6. 5.3 59 29.9 59 25.8 1973 1. 2 373 69 19.8% 22 1996, 14
E. Gerhard E. Lenski E. 1988/19666 24 3 24 15
1 1. % 5.. 5. 1.. % * 1 % 1 1 2 3 198 1 1 21 198 16
.% 42.7% 31.8% 75.6% 7.3% 64.4% 15.4% 42.% 37.6% 22.2%.% 1.% 2.% 3.% 4.% 5.% 6.% 7.% 8.% 1 1.14 1.43.22.65 1 2 / 2 / 22.2% 31.8% / 1.43 / / 198 22.2% 3 2 2 3 Odds ratio 1 1 17
6 5 5.33 4 3 2.67 2 1 1.27.78.54.42.21.17.31.4.21.9 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 1 * 1= 2= 3= 5= 6= 7= 8= 9= 1= 3 Odds ratio 37.6% 42.7% / 1.14 12.7%1.4% 1.46 4 4 3 2 1 3.5 3.8 1.67.79.56 1.46.27.58.18.42.31.44.18 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 * 1= 2= 3= 4= 6= 7= 8= 9= 1= 4 Odds ratio 1.4 1.74 18
7.3% 15.4% /.22 / 5 4 3 2.6 3 2 1.9 1.54 1.32.52.74 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 * 1= 3= 4= 5= 6= 7= 8= 9= 1= 5 Odds ratio 75.6% 6 3 2 1 1.29 1.64.94.72.74 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 * 1= 2= 4= 5= 19
6= 7= 8= 9= 1= 5 Odds ratio 64.4% 42% 6 3 2 1.33.42.42.27 1.77 1.42 1.1.44 1.54.17.16 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1 * 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 7= 8= 9= 1= 6 1. Odds ratio %. 7.. % 2
22 15% 1 1 22 1 26 2 2 3 28 C 1987/1951 22/1979 24 23 21 2 A. 1992 E. 1988/1966 1999 1998 21
2 2 23 23 22 11 18 21/1994 2 1976 199 1999 24 24 21 1998 5 1992 1995 21 2 22 4 2 23 22 1998 1976 1989 23 5 2-24 9:56 1999/1971 15 1998 3 1993 1 K 1999/1997 199 22
199 14 199,24, 24 3 16 24, 3 13 199 1999 1992/1984 22 22 22 2 1 1996 1 22a 22b -- 22 22c 4 24 1998 1998 1993 1998 21 2 2 Carchedi G. 1977 On the Economic Identification of Social Classes.London:Routledge. Davis, Deborarh S. 2, The Consumer Revolution in Urban China, University of California Press. Lvan Szelenyi1988 The Firet Shall be Last? Entrepreneurship and Communist Cadres in The Transition From Socialism.American Journal 23
of Sociology 1. Nee,Viotor 1989,A Theory of Market TransitionFrom Redistributive to Markets in State Socilism.American Sociological Review 54. 1991, Social Inequality in Reforming State Socialismbetween Redistribution and Markets in China.American Sociological Review 56. Poulantzas N. 1982 On Socioal Classes.in A. Giddens and D. Held (eds.), Classes, Power and Conftict. Berkeley: University of California Press. Wright, E. 1978,Class, Crisis and the State. London: New Left. 24