(CIP) /. :,2005.12 ISBN 7 81010 920 0.......... Q983 49 CIP (2005) 133534 ( http: / / www. tcmonline. com. cn) ( 1200 201203 ) 787 mm 1092 mm 1/ 32 7.

:

(CIP) /. :,2005.12 ISBN 7 81010 920 0.......... Q983 49 CIP (2005) 133534 ( http: / / www. tcmonline. com. cn) ( 1200 201203 ) 787 mm 1092 mm 1/ 32 7.25 134 1 4 100 2005 12 1 2005 12 1 ISBN 7 81010 920 0/ R 868 10.00 (,, 021 51322545 )

,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

2,,,,,,,, 2005 8

3 5 7 8 10 12 13 ( ) 13 ( ) 14 ( ) 14 15 19 ( ) 19 ( ) 19 23 ( ) 23

2 ) 32 ( ) 33 35 ( ) 35 ( ) 36 41 ( ) DNA 41 ( ) 43 ( ) 44 ( ) 45 ( ) 46 ( ) 46 48 ( ) ( H GH ) ( IGF) 48 ( ) 51 ( ) ( GnH ) 51 ( ) 52 57 ( ) 57 ( ) 59 61

3 ) 61 ( ) 62 67 ( ) 67 ( ) 67 ( ) 69 73 ( ) 73 ( ) 74 ( ) 77 79 ( ) 79 ( ) 80 ( ) 80 82 ( ) 82 ( ), 83 ( ) 83 84 ( ) 84 ( ) 85 ( ) 85

4 ( ) 87 ( ) 88 ( ) 88 90 ( ) 90 ( ) 91 ( ) 91 94 ( ) 94 ( ) 95 ( ) 95 99 ( ) 99 ( ) 101 ( ) 102 104 ( ) 104 ( ) 106 109 ( ) 109 ( ) 111

5 ) 115 117 ( ) ( H GH ) 117 ( ) 118 ( ) 119 121 ( ), 121 ( ), 122 ( ), 122 ( ), 123 ( ), 123 ( ), 124 127 ( ) 127 ( ) 127 ( ) 129 130 ( ) 130 ( ) 131 ( ) 131 ( ) 131 ( ) 132

6 ( ) 133 ( ) 133 ( ) 134 ( ) 135 ( ) 139 ( ) 140 ( ) 141 143 ( ) 143 ( ) 143 ( ) 144 153 ( ) 153 ( ) 154 155 ( ) 155 ( ) 157 ( ) 158 ( ) 159 162

7 ) 162 ( ) 163 ( ) 164 ( ) 164 166 ( ) 166 ( ) 167 ( ) 169 170 172 177 ( ), 177 ( ) :, 180 ( ), 181 ( ), 182, 184 ( ) 184 ( ) 186 ( ) 188 191

8 ) 191 ( ) 196 ( ) 197 201 ( ) 201 ( ) 203 ( ) 205 207 ( ) 207 ( ) 209 ( ) 209 ( ) 211 ( ) 212 ( ) 213 ( ) 213 215

3,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, [ ( kg)/ ( cm) 1 000], 320 390 [ (cm)/ ( cm) 100],, 18 48 53, BMI, (kg)/ [ (m) ] 2,, 25, 21,,

4 ; ;, 960 70, 40, 13,,,, ;,, 5

5,,,,, 26,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

6 ;,,,

7,, 300 60,, 1,,,,,,, 1, 120 140 8 10, 160 170

8 200, 1851 1931 80, 166 174 18, 250 20 20,, 100, 10 1.5 0.5 18 25 10 2.3, 2.8 1931 2000 69 11, 1931 1944, 1955 5,, 1, 1944 1931, ;, 10,, ; 60, ;1970, ; 1985 2000 15

9 1955, 10,,, 1 1931 2000 ( ) 1931 1944-7.2-5.7 1944 1960 4.4 4 1960 1970 1.47 1.28 1970 1985 2.02 1.6 1985 2000

10,,,,,,,,, 11, 9,,,, 10 9, 1 2,,,,,

11, 7,, 3, 3 3,, 8 10, 3, 1,, 7 8, 1 2,,,

12,,,,,,,,,,,,, 165 62,,,,,,,,,

13 8 10, 2 3 ( 13 15 11 13 ),,,,,,,,, ( ) 1, :, 7 8, 7 126.1, 8 131.6, : 131.6-126.1 = 5.5, 5.5,,,,,,,

14 ( ),, 7 8 5.5, 7 121.6, : 5.5/ 121.6 100 % = 4.5 %, 7 8 4.5 %,,, ( ) ( 20 18 ),, 20 175, 8 131.6, 131.6/ 175 100 % = 75.2 %, 8 131.6 75.2 %, 175 24.8 %,,,,

15,,,,,,,,,,, 20 80 90,,,, 170, 160 10,, 5 1980,,

16 60 100, 10 25,, 5 5 % 1985, 20 25, 2000,,,,,,,,,,

19 ( ),,,, ; ; 50, 41 %, 43 %, 16%,,,,, 2, 58 %, 17 %, 14 %, 10.5 %, 0.5 % ( )

20 40 41 ; ( ), 141 ;, 182 ;,,, > > >,, ( 1990 ), ( ),,, ;,,,,,,, 2

21 ( ) 155 159.9 165 169.9 160 164.9 170 174.9, :, 165, 154, 8 11 ( 160 ) ( ), ( ) (170 ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,

22,,, 885,, 177.7, 173.3 ( ) : ( 70.9),,, 170,,, 175 180 180,,,,, 1 10,,

23 ( ) 1. (1),, ( ) ( ),, 180 200,,,,,,, 174, 159, 12 000 7 000, 165, 156,,

24 :, ;, ;, :, ;,,,,,,,, 1 19.7,, 157.6 170,!,, (2), 1955 1979 18 25 10 2.3 2.15 70, 168, 156 170, 160 1 2( : 2000 )

25 2,

26, 1980, 167 ( ), ; 164 166.9 ( ) ; 160 163.9 ( ), 156 ( ) ; ( 153 155.9 ) ; (153 ), 1985 28, 7, 8,,,,,,, 50,,, 3

27 ( ) : 173 : 172 174, : 159 162 : 171 173 : 167 170, : 155 159 : 170 : 170 : 165 168, : 154 157 : 171 173 ( ) ( 3) 20 90,,,, 1990 1995 2000 ( ), 7 18 1990 2000 10, 18, ( 4) ; 10 12, 2000

28 1990 ( 5 ), 15 12, 1990 1, 15 2000 ( 172.1 ) 1990 16 (170.8 ) 4 1990 2000 ( 18 ) 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 1990 1995 2000 2000 ( ) 171.9 172.7 173.7 0.8 * 1.0 * 1.8 * ( ) 59.5 63.5 65.3 4.0 * * 1.8 * 5.8 * * ( ) 85.6 86.8 87.1 1.2 * 0.3 1.5 * * 337.2 356.9 368.4 19.7 11.5 31.2 49.7 49.6 49.8-0.1 0.2 0.1 83.4 85.4 86.2 2.0 0.8 2.8 ( ) 160.8 161.1 160.8 0.3-0.3 0.0 ( ) 50.6 52.9 53.1 2.3 * * 0.2 1.5 * * ( ) 77.9 79.7 79.4 1.8 * * 0.3 1.5 * * 309.3 322.2 327.0 12.9 4.81 17.7 48.2 49.1 49.2 0.9 0.1 1.0 78.9 81.1 82.1 2.2 1.0 3.2 : = / 1 000; = / 100; = ( + )/ 100,, * P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01, 5

29 2000 ( 12 ) 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 1990 1995 2000 2000 ( ) 152.5 154.9 157.7 2.4 * * 2.8 * * 5.2 * * ( ) 41.3 44.4 48.3 3.1 * * 3.9 * * 7.0 * * ( ) 72.4 73.9 76.0 1.5 * * 2.1 * * 3.6 * * 262.5 276.0 290.9 13.5 14.9 28.4 46.7 46.6 47.1-0.1 0.5 0.4 23.0 73.9 75.9 0.9 2.0 2.9 ( ) 152.9 154.4 156.7 1.5 * * 2.3 * * 3.8 * * ( ) 40.2 43.2 45.7 3.0 * * 2.5 * * 5.5 * * ( ) 71.2 73.0 74.2 1.9 * * 1.2 * * 3.1 * * 256.9 269.0 285.7 12.1 16.7 28.8 46.1 46.6 46.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 71.1 73.9 75.2 2.2 1.3 20,, 1980, 2000,, 5.3 2.3 ( 3),,, 50%,,

30 2. 2000,,,, 2.5 120,,,,,,, 98 %,,,, ; A, O B AB, 170

31,,,, ( ),,,,, 20 1957 1977,12 10 30,, 8.2 ( 1.7 ) 3. 1995 1997, : 29,,45 ;, 15 ; 54 ;

32 4.,,, 6 6 ( ) 166 165.8 163 168 167 170 165 158.7, ( ), ( ),, 183 ( ) 137, 135

33, 65, 30 ( ), ( ) 150 20, 2004 10 27 1960 2002 : 40 11 : 1960 (2.54 ), 7,, 1960 1970, 1 : 30, 19,

34 9 183, 179 1, 100 175 : 155 159.9 ; 160 164.9 ; 165 169.9 ; 170 174.9,, 1940 272,, 274 ( ), 1861, 236, 231, 1962,, 76, 229

35 ( ),, ;,,, 156 ; 300, 130, 165 168 1980, 170 ;, 172 2000, 7 18 1995, 0.35 ; 17 172.8 ; 10, 2.95,,, 10 19,

36,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 170,,, 175 178, 163 166,, : 7.5,,

37 1/ 4, 2, 2,, ;,, 170, : 78, 95 98, 75 78, 93 95, 55 58, 30 38 160, : 50, 84 86, 60 62, 86 88, 45 47, 28 30, : 1.70 1.85, 2 8, ( ) 1, : 29 % 1.75 1.77, 1.85 ( 17 % ) 1.80 1.83 ( 15% ) 1.77 1.79 (14 % ) 1.83 1.85 (12 % ) 1.71 1. 73 (5% ) 1.73 1.75 (5 % ) 1.70 (0), 170, 171, 171, 175 89.5%,,

38,!

% 92 %

41 ( ) DNA,,,,, ( ),,,,, 2.08 1.88, 2.23, 75%, 92% 75 %, 25 % ; 92 %, 8%, 23 ( 46 ), 22,, XX, XY

42 23 26 000 40 000,, 30, 23, X ; 23, X, Y, 23 ( 46 ), X X XX, ; Y X XY,,,,,,,,,, 4 5 ;,

43 8,,, : ( ) = [ ( + )/ 2] 1.08 ( ) = ( 0.923 + )/ 2 ( ),,,,, IH H,,, 3 ( ) 160 2005 Kirsch Y 8,

44,,,,,,, ( ),, 4 000, 400,,, : 1. :,, 1/ 800 1/ 600, :, ; ; ;, ; ; ;

45 2. Turner :, X, 1/ 2 500, 1/ 3 500, 1/ 3 Turner, 120 140, 3. ( Noonan syndrome) :,, 4. ( Prader-Willi syndrome ) :,, 5. :,,, ( ),,,

46 ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ( ),,,,,,,, 1.70 1.80 1.90, ( ) 1981, 61 301 Yq

47,, Y,, Y,, Y, Yq,, Yq, Yq, Yq,, Yq, Yq, Yq,,, X,,,

48 ( ) (HGH) ( IGF) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

49,,, 0.1 0.2,,,,, ( ), 4 8 ng/ ml 30 60, 60, 0, ( IGF 1),,, ( IGF 1),

50,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,, X,,,,,,,,,, 20 25, X,

51 ( ) 1., : T3 T4, 5,, T4,, ( ),, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 2. :,,, ( ) (GnH), ( H GH ) ( TSH )

52 GnH ), ( FSH ) ( LH ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, : 1. :,,,

53,,,, 2. :,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( IGF 1 ) :,, ( IGF 1),, Laron,,, ( IGF 1), IGF, ( IGF 1 1),, ( IGF 1),, ( IGF 1 ),

54 1 2,,, 3, 130,,,,,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,, 9, 8 10,,,,,,,,

55 GnR H ( GnRHa ),,, GnR Ha,,,,,,, GnRHa,,,,, GnRHa,,, 4. :,,,,, ( IGF 1), 5. :, 18,,,,,, ( ), ( ),

56,,,,,,,

57 ( ),, ;,,,,,,,, 17 20,,,,, ( ), X 11 90 %, 11 80 %,

58,, 1. :,,, 2., : :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 4, ( ) :,,,,

59 1 ;, 2, 2, 4,,,,,,,,,, D,, ( ),,,

60,,,,,, ;, ( ),,,,

61 ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( 75 %, 92 % ),, 8 % 25 %, :,,,,,,,,

62,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,

63,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ( ),,, 7 D D

64,,

67, 10, ( ),,, :, ;, ;,,, 8,, ( ) 8,,

68 3, 4, 12 ( ),,, 6 7 ( ),, 18 14, 200,,, 20 14 16. 5, 250,, 22 19, 350 26 22, 800 28 26, 1 100 1 400 ( ),, 34 (8 ) ( ) 32, 2 500,,,,,,,,

69, 2.9 5, 35 ( ),,, 1. (1),,,,,,,,, A D,,,,,,

70,,,, 2,,,,, 4,,,,, 18, 26,,, C,,,,,,

71 2. (1),,,,, ;, ;,,,, (2),,,,,,,,, (3),,

72,, ;, 6 7,

73 (0 1 ), ( ),,, ( ), 46 52, 34, 1 2 ; 2 500 4 000,,,,, ( ),,,, 1,, 1 76.5, 75.1, 30 ;

74, 9.24, 7.79, 7.18 7 7 (0 1 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 48.2 52.8 47.7 52.0 2.9 3.8 2.7 3.6 2 55.5 60.7 54.4 59.2 4.3 6.0 4.0 5.4 4 61.0 66.4 59.4 64.5 5.7 7.6 5.3 6.9 5 63.2 68.6 61.5 66.7 6.3 8.2 5.8 7.5 6 65.1 70.5 63.3 68.6 6.9 8.8 6.3 8.1 8 68.3 73.6 66.4 71.8 7.8 9.8 7.2 9.1 10 71.0 76.3 69.0 74.5 8.6 10.6 7.9 9.9 12 73.4 78.8 71.5 77.1 9.1 11.3 8.5 10.6 ( ),, 1.,,, 10,,, 10,

75 20, 6,, 16 1,, 2 3, 1, 1,, 1,,,, 2.,,,, C A,, 1 000,,,,,,,, 3.,, 3,,,

76 ( ), 0 1,,,,,,, 9 10 4 5,, 30 50,, 11 4 18 28,,,,,,,,,,

77 1 2, 30 40,,,,,, 5 10,,,, ( ) 1. 0,,,, 0 1, 5, 0.73, 10, 0.33, ( WH O),,

78 1,,,,,,,,, 2.,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,, : (1) (2), (3)

79 (1 6 ),, (3 ) ( ) 1, 1 73.4 78.8, 71.5 77.1, 9.1 11.3 8.5 10.6 ; 2 5, 6 111.2 121.0 109.7 119.6, 18.4 23.6 17.3 22.9 8 8 (1 6 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 73.4 78.8 71.5 77.1 9.1 11.3 8.5 10.6 2 84.3 91.0 83.3 89.8 11.2 14.0 10.6 13.2 3 91.1 98.7 90.2 98.1 13.0 16.4 12.6 16.1 4 98.7 107.2 97.6 105.7 14.8 18.7 14.3 18.3 5 105.3 114.5 104.0 112.8 16.6 21.1 15.7 20.4 6 111.2 121.0 109.7 119.6 18.4 23.6 17.3 22.9

80 ( ),, 25 % 8%,,,,,, 2,,,,,,, 1/ 4,,,, 3 12 14 ( )?,, ( )

81 : (1) : (2) :, (3) :, ( ),,,,,,

82 (7 12 ), 2, ( ),, 9 11, 5 6 9 9 (7 12 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7 123.63 121.62 23.38 22.23 8 128.12 126.93 26.01 24.59 9 132.94 132.54 28.67 27.61 10 137.98 138.62 32.07 31.15 11 143.06 144.85 35.38 35.34 12 149.12 150.22 39.53 39.53 : 2000, 2004,

83 ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 1

84 13 15,,, ( ) 12 13,, ( 11 12 ) 9 10, 5 7 ; ( 13 14 ) 10 12, 7 9, 10 10 (13 15 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 13 157.05 154.33 45.12 43.45 14 162.70 156.59 49.83 46.45 15 166.81 157.64 54.06 48.68 : 9

85 ( ),,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,, :,,,,,, 1 2

86,,,,,,,,,,,

87 16 25,,, ( ),, 2, 16 17, 17 22, ;,,, ;,, 3 5, 11 11 (16 25 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 16 169.24 158.34 56.99 50.32 17 170.20 158.34 58.90 50.93 18 170.25 158.42 59.83 51.43

88 ( ) ( ) ( ) 19 170.01 158.78 59.54 51.17 20 170.02 158.90 59.71 50.99 21 169.59 158.41 59.55 50.81 22 169.52 158.39 60.05 50.80 : 9 ( ), 16 18, 18 20,,,,, 23, ( ), : 2, 23 25, 25 28 ( ),,,,

89,,,,,,,

90 26 60,,, 60,, ( ) 2000 : 20 29,, 169.7, 158.6,,45, 65 3 5,,,, 172 182, 159 168 ;,,,, 10 1 10 2 2.3, 180 ; 168

91 ( ) 3 : (1),,, (2),,,, (3),, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1., 10 ;,

92 : 30%, 15%, : 400, A C E :, :, ( ), :,,, :,, :,, :,, :, 3.,

93 60,,,,,,,,,,,,

94 60, 55,,, ( ),, ( ),, 60 69 4.9, 5.2 ; 30 40 2.25%, 2.5 % ; 20, 4.2, 3.3 ; 40 60 2.3, 1.4 %, 2.7, 1.83 %,??,,,,,,,,,

95,,,,, ( ),,,,,, : ;, ;, ; ; ;, ;, ;, ; ;, ( ),,,,,,

96,,,,,,,,,

99,, 45 % 50 % 0 2, 32 % 40 % 2, 15 % 18 %, ( ),,,,,,,, : (0 2 ), 1 12,, 3, 3.0 3.5,, 2 3 16,

100 9 1 1.5, 75,,, 1, 10, 2 85 2,, 5,,,,, 13, 11 1 2, : 12, 10 ; 14, 12,,, 6 8,,, 2.5

101,, ( ),,,,?, 2, 10, 12, 11 13,,, 14 16,,,,,,,, 5 7, 9 10 ; 7 9, 10 12, :, 6.4 11, 10 12 ;,, 2 ;,,

102,,,,,,, ( ),,, 1960 1980, 18 166.3 170.3, 154.7 157.3, 2 / 10 1.3 / 10 16,, 1985 1995 10, 18 1, Wieringen,,, ;,, (1),

103, (2),,,

104,,, ;,,,,, 16, 20 ; 18, 23 ( ),,,,,,,,, ( 4/ 8) (3/ 8 ) (1/ 8), 6,

105, 65% ; 1,, 0 6 60% ; 2 6,,,,,,,, 6,, 4,, 11,,,,,,,,,,,, ;

106,,,,, 17 20,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,

107 X,, X, : ; ;,,,, 13, 95 %, 95 % 15,, 10,, 145,, 9,, 168, 12,,, 155,,,,, 30 %,

108,,,,,,,,,

109,,,, 20 80 50, 7 18, 8.74, 6.81 10 4, ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,, (, ), 1 2, 1 2,,,

110 12, 19 23 ; 23 26 ( 4) 4, 9 10,,,, 13 15, :,, 8 9, 10 11,

111 1 ;,, 14 15, 15 16,,,, 3,,, 12 16,,, 2 4 5, 8 10,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 11, 9, ; 12 14, 10 12,

112 15, 13, ( 12) 12 10 11 13 14 15 16 8 9 11 12 13 14,,,,, 2 3, 1., 2 4, ;, 3

113, ;, 4 4,, 9 ( 13) 13 :, 1992 2., 2 4, ;,, ;, 1,

114, 1 100 %, 2 3 1, 2, 1 30 %,, ; 2 1 70%, ; 2 1 90 %, 1, 3 1 70 %, X, 2 3,,, G P,,,,, 2 (12 13 ), 3 (15 16 ),,

115 G P, 5, 15 16, 12 13,, 1 2, 2 3, ( ) 8, 10, 9,,,,

116,,,,,,?,,,,,,, (1) 8, 10, (2),,, 18, 16,

117 5,, 8 11,?,,, ( ) (HGH) ( H GH ),,,,, 1( IGF 1),,, 0, 5, 10

118 0,,,, 10,,,,, 60 1/ 2, 80 1/ 5 ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),

119,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ;,, ( 14)

120 HGH ng/ ml < 2 < 2 T ng/ ml 270 1 000 6 100 T3 pmol/ L 3.2 10.4 3.2 10.4 T 4 pmol/ L 10.3 31.0 10.3 31.0 PH T pmmol/ L 5 10 5 10 Insuline ng/ ml < 9 < 9,,,,,,,,,,,

121,, 70 %, 30%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,

122,,,,, ( ),,,, A,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 7 D,

123 : 18,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, 8 10, 10 ( ), ( ),,,,,,

124 ( ) ( ),,, ( 10 % ),,,,, (1),,, (2),, (3), (4), (5) (6)

2 2

127??, 1,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ),

128, X 1. X 10 30 100 X ( X ), 2. Sunlight BoneAge, BoneAge T M ( SOS ), 5, 3., 4.,,,, 13,

129, 1/ 2, 1/ 2,,,,, (2),,,, (3),,,? 55 %, 57 %,,, ( ),,,,, 0.2

130,,,!,,,, 2,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,, :,,,

131 1 : ( ), ( ) 1.,,,,, 2. 0.5 ( )?!,?, 1.5,,,,,

132 ( ),, :,, 4

133 ( ),,, ( ),, ( ),,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,

134 ( ) ( 15) 5,,, 4,, 4 5, 6 7, 2 3, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, 15 ( : ) ( ) 7 126.1 119.4 122.7 129.1 133.0 8 131.6 124.1 127.4 135.4 138.6 9 137.1 128.9 132.3 141.0 145.0 10 141.5 134.5 137.5 145.6 150.2 11 147.1 138.9 142.9 152.2 156.3 12 154.9 145.8 150.3 160.0 165.0

135 ( ) 13 163.4 158.3 158.6 168.7 172.5 14 167.5 159.5 163.3 171.8 176.5 15 170.3 162.4 166.1 174.7 178.0 16 172.2 165.2 168.4 176.0 179.1 17 172.4 165.9 169.0 175.8 179.2 18 172.6 165.6 169.0 176.2 180.6 7 124.4 117.5 120.9 128.7 131.6 8 130.6 124.0 127.0 134.5 138.2 9 136.0 128.1 132.0 140.1 143.9 10 142.2 133.8 137.3 147.1 151.7 11 149.4 140.9 144.9 153.8 158.1 12 154.2 147.3 151.1 158.1 161.7 13 158.2 150.7 154.1 161.9 165.7 14 159.2 152.1 156.0 163.1 167.2 15 160.3 154.2 156.9 163.5 166.7 16 160.4 153.7 157.1 164.3 167.1 17 131.2 154.5 157.5 164.4 167.5 18 161.1 154.0 157.7 164.3 168.0 :, 2004 ( ),,,

136 18, 19) ( 16, 17, 16 2000 ( : ) ( ) 6 118.30 5.94 117.03 5.88 7 122.63 6.14 121.62 6.07 8 128.12 6.22 126.93 6.42 9 132.94 6.59 132.54 6.90 10 137.98 6.85 138.62 7.48 11 143.06 7.48 144.85 7.78 12 149.13 8.77 150.22 7.36 13 157.05 9.25 154.33 6.38 14 162.70 8.41 156.59 5.88 15 166.81 7.08 157.64 5.64 16 169.24 6.41 158.34 5.68 17 170.20 6.24 158.54 5.69 18 170.25 6.34 158.42 5.59 19 170.01 6.11 158.78 5.42 20 170.02 5.99 158.90 5.45 21 169.59 5.97 158.41 5.54 22 169.52 6.13 158.39 5.50 19 22 169.79 6.05 158.63 5.48 : 2000

137 ( : ) ( ) 6 119.96 5.40 118.53 5.63 7 124.25 5.86 123.17 5.82 8 129.81 5.95 128.63 6.11 9 134.54 6.33 134.37 6.56 10 139.89 6.57 140.57 7.18 11 145.18 7.22 146.88 7.52 12 151.34 8.60 152.14 6.88 13 159.40 8.75 155.93 6.05 14 164.78 7.74 157.92 157.92 15 168.64 6.72 158.79 5.44 16 170.68 6.28 159.36 5.60 17 171.47 6.11 159.54 5.79 18 171.43 6.23 159.23 5.58 19 171.27 5.97 159.47 5.51 20 170.88 5.83 159.80 5.40 21 170.70 6.03 159.25 5.57 22 170.58 6.25 159.21 5.68 19 22 170.87 6.02 159.45 5.54 : 16

138 ( : ) ( ) 6 116.48 5.98 115.33 5.70 7 121.06 5.99 120.07 5.91 8 126.42 6.03 125.21 6.26 9 131.29 6.45 130.72 6.74 10 136.05 6.58 136.61 7.25 11 140.91 7.11 142.81 7.50 12 146.91 8.37 148.30 7.32 13 154.60 9.12 152.71 6.30 14 160.57 8.54 155.25 5.76 15 164.95 6.96 156.47 5.59 16 167.76 6.21 157.32 5.58 17 168.91 6.10 157.52 5.40 18 169.07 6.23 157.60 5.48 19 168.74 5.98 158.10 5.24 20 169.20 6.03 157.92 5.33 21 168.56 5.72 157.59 5.44 22 168.57 5.87 157.60 5.21 19 22 168.77 5.91 157.81 5.31 : 16

139 ( ) ( ) 6 121.26 4.80 120.38 6.88 7 127.33 5.29 126.72 5.00 8 132.67 5.20 132.20 5.67 9 137.76 5.61 138.13 6.23 10 142.95 5.84 144.47 6.54 11 148.55 7.13 150.86 7.47 12 157.62 8.70 156.69 5.81 13 165.59 7.62 158.62 6.05 14 169.14 7.15 160.23 5.19 15 172.12 5.80 161.49 5.07 16 173.71 5.95 161.27 5.35 17 173.83 5.51 161.45 5.68 18 173.77 5.78 160.89 5.50 19 172.92 4.84 162.44 5.35 20 173.61 5.34 161.15 5.22 21 174.65 5.63 162.18 5.71 22 174.80 6.58 161.92 6.05 19 22 173.99 5.66 162.08 5.61 : 16 ( ),,

140,,,,,,,,, ( 20),,,,,,,,, 20 ( ) ( ) 10 164 162 154 156 11 168 165 158 162 12 162 166 172 169 164 166 13 172 171 176 174 172 172 14 180 174 182 176 178 174 15 184 176 186 177 183 176 16 187 177 190 179 188 178 17 188 178 192 181 192 180 ( ),

141, 10,,,, ( 21) 21 1985 2000 ( : ) ( ) 1985 1995 2000 1985 1995 2000 7 121.4 123.9 124.5 120.3 122.7 123.5 8 125.9 128.6 130.1 125.1 127.8 128.9 9 130.9 133.8 135.0 130.5 133.5 134.7 10 135.5 138.7 140.2 136.3 139.5 140.9 11 140.5 144.5 145.5 142.5 146.2 147.3 12 145.3 150.4 151.8 147.6 151.7 152.5 13 153.7 158.7 159.8 153.4 155.7 156.3 14 160.1 164.3 165.1 155.7 157.2 158.2 15 164.8 167.6 168.9 156.8 158.3 159.1 16 167.7 169.5 171.0 157.8 158.7 159.6 17 169.2 170.3 171.8 158.2 158.9 159.8 18 169.7 170.3 171.6 158.2 158.6 159.4 ( ) 1. 3

142, :,,,, 2.,, 3, : 200, 185 :,, 22 22 ( : ) ( ) 150.0 140.0 ( ) 150.0 159.9 140.0 148.9 ( ) 160.0 163.9 149.0 152.9 ( ) 164.0 166.9 153.0 155.9 ( ) 167.0 169.9 156.0 158.9 ( ) 170.0 179.9 159.0 167.9 ( ) 180.0 183.9 168.0 171.9 ( ) 184.0 184.0 2005

143 ( ),,,, 0.75,, 75%, 25 %,, ( ) ( ),, ;, 3 8 10 15 16,,,,,,

144, 2 15 16,,, 3 8 10 ( ) 1. ( 3 ) 1956 ( Tanner ), 3, : ( ) = 1.27 3 + 54.9 ( ) = 1.29 3 + 42.3 2. ( 1 10 ) 23 23 ( ) ( ) 150 165 180 1 65.5 68.5 72.5 72.0 78.6 82.2 2 74.7 79.2 81.7 87.1 89.6 95.0 3 80.8 85.0 89.2 94.5 97.0 103.1 4 87.3 92.8 96.1 102.1 104.7 111.4 5 93.0 99.1 102.3 109.1 111.6 119.0 6 98.4 104.8 108.4 115.3 118.4 125.9 150 180

145 ( ) ( ) 150 165 180 7 103.5 110.5 113.9 121.5 124.2 132.6 8 108.2 115.7 119.0 127.3 129.9 138.8 9 113.2 120.9 124.4 133.0 135.7 145.1 10 117.4 125.7 129.1 138.3 140.9 150.9 3. ( 24),,, 13, : ( ) = 13 7 3 24 (n = 13 000 ) ( ) 22 151 157 23 158 164 24 165 171 25 172 178 26 7 3 179 185 27 186 192 28 193 199 29 200 206 30 207 213 1992

146,,, : ( ) = ( ) = ( + ) 1.08 2 0.923 + 2 5. ( 25) (1) X : X,,, : ( ) = 100 25 ( % ) ( ) 6 68.0 72.0 73.3 6.6 70.0 73.8 75.1

147 ( ) 7 67.0 69.5 71.8 71.2 75.1 77.0 7.6 68.5 70.9 73.8 73.2 77.2 78.8 8 69.5 72.3 75.6 75.0 79.0 80.4 8.6 70.9 73.9 77.3 77.1 81.0 82.3 9 72.0 75.2 78.6 79.0 82.7 84.1 9.6 73.4 76.9 80.0 80.0 84.4 85.8 10 74.7 78.4 81.2 82.8 86.2 87.4 10.6 75.8 79.3 81.9 85.6 88.4 89.6 11 76.7 80.4 82.3 88.3 90.6 91.8 11.6 78.6 81.8 83.2 89.1 91.4 92.6 12 80.9 83.4 84.5 90.1 92.2 93.2 12.6 82.8 85.3 86.0 92.4 94.1 94.6 13 85.0 87.6 88.0 94.5 95.8 96.4 13.6 87.5 90.2 96.3 97.4 97.7 14 90.0 92.7 97.2 98.0 98.3 14.6 93.0 94.8 98.0 98.6 98.9 15 95.8 96.8 98.0 99.0 99.4 15.6 97.1 97.6 98.6 99.3 99.6 16 98.0 98.2 99.0 99.6 99.8 16.6 98.5 98.7 99.3 99.7 99.9 17 99.0 99.1 99.5 99.9 100.0 17.6 99.4 99.8 99.95 18 99.6 99.95 100.0 18.6 100.0 100.9 1980 :, 1, 1 ( 26)

148 ( : ) ( ) 14.99 0.20 ( ) 22.33 1.85 ( ) 27.33 2.50 (2) : 5 18 5, (3) :,, 100 %,,,, 27 27 ( ) ( % ) ( % ) 7.0 71.6 76.7 7.6 73.2 78.3 8.0 74.8 80.2 8.6 76.2 81.7

149 ( ) ( % ) ( % ) 9.0 77.7 83.2 9.6 78.9 85.2 10.0 80.2 87.1 10.6 81.8 89.8 11.0 83.5 91.5 11.6 85.1 92.6 12.0 86.5 94.3 12.6 89.0 95.9 13.0 91.6 97.5 13.6 93.4 98.2 14.0 95.2 98.8 14.6 96.4 99.1 15.0 97.6 99.4 15.6 98.3 99.6 16.0 99.1 99.8 16.6 99.2 99.9 17.0 99.4 100.0 2.6 17.6 99.7 18.0 100.0 2.7

) ( )8 1 8, ( ti jian@ mop.gov. cn),,,,,,,,,

153,???, ( ),,,,,, 75%,,,, ( ),,

154 ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

155,,,,,??,, ( ),,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( A D C), 5 A

156 12 400, 150 ;, 450, 200,,,,,, 6 10%, 2 4,, 6,,,,,,,,,,, 3 6,,

157 ( ) 1.,, 80, 1 /, 2 /, ( ),,,,,,, 8,, 2., 99 %,

158,,,,,, 3., 25 %,,,,,,, 4.,, A B C,,, ( ),,

159, ; ; A D ; C A, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,

160,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,, 85 %, 72% 3.,,,,,,

161,,,,, ; ; ; ; ;

162,,,,,,, ( ),,, 4 8,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 8,

163,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 7 D,,,,,,,

164 ( ),,, ( ) ; ; ; ;, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,

165,,,,,,,,,,

166,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 3, 80%,,,, 4 5,,,,

167 1 1.5,, 20 30 ;,,,,, ( 30 45 ),,, 1 2 ;,, 3 ;, 2 3,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 1 14 20, 2 5 11 13, 6 13 9 10,

168 ( 28), 28 ( : ) ( ) < 1 18 20 1 12 14 15 1 2 12 14 2 6 12 13 7 12 9 10 12 18 8 10 18 59 8 9 > 60 6 8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

169 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,

170,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.5 5,,,,,,,

171,,,,,,,,,,,,

172,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :

173,,,,,, ADHD( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :, :

174,, 3. :, ( ),,,,, 30 % 2, 4. :,,,,,, ( ), 5. : ( ) 6. :,,,

113 206 160 170 26 412 23.33 %

177,, ( ),, : 10, 145, X, 9,,, 168 12,,,, 150, 10,,,,,,,,

178,, 13 157 52,,,,,,, 13 157, 160,,,, 15,, 158 159,,,, 14, 18,, 18, 157, 163,,

179, ;,, 159, ;, 161 :,, 16, 171, 13 176 166,,, 158 8, 3.5,,,,,, : 2,,,, 180,

180,,,,,,,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,, 1 2, 16 17, 23,,, 9 10 11 12,, 17

181,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,

182,,, ( ),,, : 182 169, 18, 170,, X,,, 170 2,,, ;,,, 2,,, 8 9,

183,,,, :,

184,,,, : ( ),, 10,, 121, 20,,, :,,,,,,,,,

, 185,,,,,, : 1.,,, : ;, 2.,,,,,,, 7,,,,,,

186 4.,,, 121 127, 6,,,, ( ) 11,,, 152,, 5, 8, 10,,,,, 1.7,

, 187,, 155,, 2 3 : 1.,, 2., 2, 1 3., 10 4., 5., 154,, 157,,, ( 13 ) 161

188,,,,,,, ( ),, 15.4, 162, 67.7,,, 16.2,,,, 16.2,,,, 2 162, 7

, 189 : 1.,,,, 3 2. 10,, 3. 4.,,, 3, 2, 7, 169,,, 174,,,, 163 164

190, 174,,,,,,,, :,

191,,,,,, ( ) :?,,,,,,,,,

192,,,,,,, IGF 1,,,,, :,,,,,,,

193 2 3, 3,, :,, :,,,,, : 1.,,,,,,,,

194, O X,,, ; ; : 10 800, 10 13 1 000, 13 16 2 000, 600, 1 500, 2 000,, 2 4,,,,, D,

195,, 1.36 2.32,,,,,,,,, : :,, 1 1, 28 1,,

196, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,

197 ( ),,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,

198,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,

T

201,,,,,,,, ( ) :, ( ),,, ( ), ( ),

202 ( ),,, 30,,, :,,,,, :,, 1/ 4, 1 000 10 000, 5 % : 2.5, 2.6%,,, 10%

203 4 630, 1934 1944,, 1990 :,, 50, : 10 000, 10%, 1 000 ( ),? :, 1.1 33,,,,, 1960

204 182, 1980, 1988, 1992 1996 182 40,,,,, 167, 157,,,,,,,,,,

205,, ( ),,,,,,, 100 18 62,, 172, 155, :,,,, ;,,,,

206,,,

207,,,,!, NBA? NBA,,,,, ( ),,, 1930 4 3 193,, 120 1991 1 17

208,, 1994 10 16,,,,,, 193,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ;,,,

209 ( ),,,,,,,,, :, :?,,?,,,,! ( ), 2.26,,,,,

210 NBA,, 2.26 5.1,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 203, ; 208, 190, 226, 1970 1979, 188,,,,,, 9, 5

211, 1998,, 2003 2004 NBA, ( ) 2004 8 27, 1.88, 12 91,,,,,,, 12 168, 16 188,,,,, ( 188,, ),,,,,,

212, ( ),,, 1. 98 NBA, :, 1963 2 17,,, NBA, : 23, NBA,,, ; : 198,

213 ( ) 1.83 2004, 17 2001,,,, 16, 175, 179, 17 183, 186 4 2004 1, 28,, 5,, 13,,,, ( ), 2003

214,, 196,,,,,,, 13 14, 1,,, 100 %,,,,,

215,,,,, ( )?,,,,,,,,,,, 146,, 154,, 2,,

216, 168,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,, 183,, 1950 2 14,,,,, :,,

217,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,!