(1845~1868) (1845~1864) ( ) : : ;
1 2 ;? ; 1 ( 1980) 130 2
3 4 5 6 7 ( ) 3 ( 1998) 326 326 340 4 ( 1999) 20~21 5 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council(Taipei: Cheng-Wen Publishing Company,1968),p45 6 ( ) 278 7 278
; ; ( ) 8 8
9 ( ) 9
( ) 10 11 12? ; 10 11 12
( ) 1 (hard labor 3-1) ; 13 ; 13
14 ; 2 ; 15 14 15
/ / 3 16 ( ) 16 (levying a tax) (investigated)
17 18 ( ) 19 20 17 18 19 20
4 21 22? 23 -- 24 21 ( 2002) 1 22 ( ) 23 (Adanson) (Kin Kee) (Mr. Rennie) See Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council.p61. 3 320 24
/ ( )? (1864~1868) ( ) ; (Walter
Henry Medhurst,1823~1885) : 25 (Municipal Police Court) (Harry Smith Parks, 1828~1885) 26 ( ) 25 24 ( 1933 1992) 131 26 6 279
( ) 27 28 29 (Chaloner Alabaster) 30 31 32 : 27?? ( ) ( ) (?) (Wei yiian) (?? 28 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p53. 29 Thomas Stephens, Order and Discipline in China The Shanghai Mixed Court 1911~1927(University of Washington Press,1992),p44. 30 6 279 31 ( 1989) 249 32 254
33 (We Hien ) 34 35 (hard labor) 36 33 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p51. Alabaster 34 35 36
( ) : 37 ( )? (Alabaster) (power) 38 ; ; 37 6 279 38
39 ( ) 40 41 ( ) 42 ( ) (The Court is of the opinion) ( ) (We find) (Reason of Foreign Assessor for Assenting to Judgment) 43 ( ) 39 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p58. 40 31 133 41 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p61. 42 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p61 43 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p66
44 45 46 ( ) 47? ( )? 44 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p53~54. 45 46 47
48? ( ) ( ) ( ) 49 50 48 49 32 208 50 32 221
51? 51
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
52 53 ( ) 1 2? 52 53
3 4 ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 1 54 55 ; 56 2 54 55 56 54
57 3 ; 58 ; 59 4 57 58 56 59 56
( ) 60 60
( ) 1 ; 61 2? (Benjamin Jenkins ) 62 ; ; 61 ( 1992) 7~14 62
3 63?? 64 ; 65 66 67 63 Municipal Council s Annual Report for 1865 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p59. 64 ( 81) 295 65 66 67 24
; 4 68 ; ; 69 68 61 7~14 69 ; 62 9
5 ( ) 70 ; 71 (Max Weber) 72 -- 70 ( 1956) 36 71 (1895~1937) ( 182 72 200
( ) 73 ; 74 ( ) 1 73 74
75 76? 3-1 77 75 51 76 79
(court) 78 2 79 3 78 51 79 ( 2002) 75
80 ( ) 80
;? ;
81 (expectant Magistrate) 82 (the Yamen of the Official North of the Yang-king-pang) (not a Court) 83 81? (Henry Wheaton) (W.A.P. Martin,1827~1916) (Elements of International Law) ( ) 82 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p53~54. 83 Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council,p53~54.