,,,,,,, C, SMA,
Gonglu Liqing Lumian Shigong : : : (100013 10 010 64216602) :7871092 1/ 16 : : 1 : : ISBN 7 114
: : : ( )
, 1999 2,,,,,,, 2000 1 1
,, 1999, 133.6 km, 1.1 km,,,,,,,, 7080%,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),,,,, 2000 6
1 2 2 2 3 3 5 7 8 ( Superpave) 8 16 18 21 21 21 21 22 23 25 32 32 33 33 35 SHRP 39 40 40 41 43 44 46 48 48 50 50 1
50 51 53 55 60 66 66 67 67 67 68 68 69 71 72 74 74 74 76 80 83 85 87 88 88 90 91 104 105 ( SMA) 105 112 ( SAC) 115 118 123 123 2 123 124 127 127 127
128 131 131 131 132 132 134 135 135 142 143 144 144 144 147 150 151 151 152 153 157 161 165 168 168 169 170 172 174 175 175 177 177 177 180 181 183 185 188 SMA 189 3
189 SMA 190 SMA 192 SMA 194 SMA 195 SMA 196 201 201 201 201 203 204 ( ) 209 209 210 214 216 216 216 217 221 228 228 228 229 229 230 230 230 231 232 232 233 233 4 233 234 235 236 237 239
242 242 242 245 246 250 250 ( ) 250 251 253 254 254 254 254 255 255 256 256 256 258 259 259 259 260 261 () 262 262 262 263 ( ) 263 263 264 264 265 265 265 265 A 267 B SMA 273 C 276 5
D 278 E 279 F 280 284 6
, 600,, 1850, 1854 ( L.MaLo),, 6% 10%,,, 1850,, 1871, ( E.J.Desdment), 19 50,,,, 20,,, 60 20 30,,,, 60, 70,, 90,,,,, ( ),,,, 70,,,,, 80,, 90,,,, 1
, 4, ( ) () 3cm,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60 ( 2 3cm),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80,,,, 2
,,, ( ) ( 2.5mm 5mm ),,, 6% 15%, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 20mm25mm,,,,,,, 3
20,,,,, 4.75mm ( )5 mm( ),, :,, 4050 6070 80100 ( 1/ 10mm) 4060 6090 90130, 120 C160 C,, 130200 200300 130200, 60 C80 C, 15d C60.5 = 70130,, + 10 C 48, 30d90d, :, 2% 5% ;, 6% 10% ;, 20%,, 4 :, 4.75mm 26.5mm 5mm 31.5mm (, ) ;, 4. 75mm16mm 4.75mm19mm ;, 4.75mm9.5mm 4. 75mm13.2mm;, 4.75mm, LH (), AC LH30 30mm I II I, 2% 5% ; II, 6 % 10 %,,,,,,,,,, II,,,, 4
,, I,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 45, : ( 55% ), ( 35% 55% )( 35 % ) ( JTJ03294 )I,,, : (1 ), (2 ),,,, (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ),, (6 ),,, 1. 5
5% 3% 6% 2., ( )2 %, 20 %, 30%,,, 10, 35mm40mm, 20mm 3. ( ) SMA, SMA 70% 20% 10 % () 7% () 2% 4% SMA SMA, ( )SMA ( ), ( ),, SMA, SMA, SMA,,,, SMA, ( ), SMA SBS PE EVA, 4. ( HRA), HRA HRA SMA, HRA ( 0.075mm ) (4060), 30% 35 % HRA, 7 %, 0.075mm 8% 12% ( )HRA, HRA, 20 mm 14mm HRA 50% 100 %, HRA, 5 %, 20%, ;,, 6
,,, 10t 11t 13t,,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,,,,,,, 40t 50t, 96t 120t, 1491 ( 3 12 ) 100t 120t, 20t, 0.50. 7MPa 1.0MPa, 2.,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, 4. 7
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40, 50,, 20%,, 7500, 80% 6000 7% 8%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80 EVA, 80 SBS, EVA, SBS EVA,, 1991, SBS 40%, EVA 19 %, SB 14%, NOVOPHALT 3%,, PE EVA, SBS,,,, 1 % 1%,, EVA PE,,, SBR,, SBS, 8, ( Superpave),,
,, ( SHRP ) 1987, 5 5000, SHRP, SHRP ( Superpave), ( FHWA) Superpave, 2000 Super pave SHRP Superpave 21, 10, 3, 8, 1 1 SHRP 1 1 1001 1002 1004 1005 1006 1007 1009 1010 1025 1030 1011 1014 1026 1012 Superpave 1013 1015 1017 1019 1021 1022 1024 :,, Superpave : Superpave ; Superpave ; Superpave ; Superpave ; 1. Superpave (1 ) Superpave 9
, Superpave : ; ; ;, ;, ;,,, Superpave, 70 PG64-22,64 7 64; - 22,,,, (2 ) Superpave Superpave, :, Superpave Superpave 50mm, 4.75mm ; 2.36mm ; 5 ; 4.75mm ; ; 0.075mm (3 ) Superpave 10% ; Superpave, ( 2.36mm ) ( 0.075mm ),, (0.45) ( 2.36mm) 0.3mm,, ; ( VMA),,,, VMA 10
,,, Superpave 1 1 12.5mm Superpave 2. Superpave Superpave, ; ; ; (1 ), 1 1 Sup erpave, (2 ) Superpave 1 2 1 3 Superpave 1 2 ( mm ) ( ) 37.5mm 25.0 mm 19.0mm 12.5 mm 9.5mm 50.0 100 37.5 90 100 100 25.0 90 90 100 100 19.0 90 90 100 100 12.5 90 90 100 100 9.5 90 90 100 4.75 90 2.36 15 41 19 45 23 49 28 58 32 67 0.075 0 6 1 7 2 8 2 10 2 10 Superpave 1 3 ( mm ) ( ) 37.5mm 25.0 mm 19.0mm 12.5 mm 9.5mm 0.30 10.0 10.0 11.4 11.4 13.7 13.7 15.5 15.5 18.7 18.7 0.60 11.7 15.7 13.6 17.6 16.7 20.7 19.1 25.1 23.5 27.5 1.18 15.5 21.5 18.1 24.1 22.3 28.3 25.6 31.6 31.6 37.6 2.36 23.3 27.3 26.8 30.8 34.6 34.6 39.1 39.1 47.2 47.2 4.75 34.7 34.7 39.5 39.5, Superpave, 11
Superpave 4, 2,2, Superpave,, Superpave ( HMA) 1 4 1 5 Superpave 1 4 ESAL ( 10 6 ) N N N, 0 < 0.3 6 50 75 0.3 < 3 7 75 115 3 < 30 8 100 160 30 9 125 205,,,,, Superpave HMA 1 5 ESA L S ( 10 6 ) ( % ) N N N ( % ), mm 37.0 25.0 19.0 12.5 9.5 ( % ) < 0.3 91.5 7080 0.3 < 3 90.5 6578 0.6 3 < 10 96.0 98.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 10 < 30 89.0 6575 1.2 30 : ESAL 20, 9.5mm, 310 6 ESAL, VF A 73 % 76 % 25.0 mm, < 0.310 6 ESAL, VFA 67 % 37.5 mm, V FA 64 % VMA VMA 2 %, ( 7 ) ESAL ( N ini ) ( N des ) ( N m ax ),, ESAL 310 6 3010 6,, 89%, 11%,, 98%, (3 ),, Superpave 12
,, Superpave Ndes, 4%, 1 5 HMA (4 ) AASHTO T 283 6 7 % 1%,,,, ( TSR) 80% 3. Superpave Superpave,,, : (1) Superpave, 1, 2,, (2 ) Superpave,,,, (3 ) Superpave, 93 115,, (4),, : ;; (5 ), Superpave 3,, 4. Superpave, Superpave,,, 1 2,,,,, :,, 1 2 Superpave,,,, 13
5. SHRP SHRP SHRP, ( J TJ05293 ) 1 61 7 1 8 SHRP 1 6 AAS H TO TP 5 AAS H TO TP 1 AAS H TO TP 3 AAS H TO T 240 Brookfield AAS H TO P P 1 AAS H TO TP 48 AAS H TO T 48 SHRP 1 7 Superpave AAS H TO TP 7 AAS H TO TP 9 Superpave AAS H TO TP 7 AAS H TO T - 283 AAS H TO P P 2 AAS H TO P P 2 14
Superpave 1 8 Superpave 1 Superpave AAS HT O M P1 2 AASH T O T227 T0663-93 3 AASH T O P P1 4 AASH T O P P6 5 AASH T O TP3 6 AASH T O TP1 7 AASH T O TP5 8 AST M D2872 T0610-93 9 AASH T O TP48 10 AASH T O T 2 T0301-94 11 AASH T O T 27 T0302-94 12 0.075mm AASH T O T 11 13 AASH T O T 37 T0327-94 14 AST M D5821 15 AASH T O TP33 16 AST M D4791 T0311-94 17 AASH T O T176 T0310-94 18 AASH T O T 96 T0317-94 19 AASH T O T104 T0314-94 20 AASH T O T112 T0333-94 21 AASH T O T P - 56 22 AASH T O T 84 T0308-94 23 AASH T O T 85 T0330-94 24 AASH T O T 85 T0328-94 25 AASH T O T100 T0203-94 26 Superpave AAS HT O M P2 27 AASH T O P P2 28 AASH T O P P19 29 Superpave AASH T O P P28 30 AASH T O TP6 31 AASH T O TP7 32 AASH T O TP9 33 AASH T O TP4 34 AASH T O T209 T0711-93 35 AASH T O T166 T0706-93 36 AASH T O T283 15
SHRP, Superpave,,, Superpave : Superpave,,,,,, ;, ;, ; (150mm ), ( 2550mm);,, ;, ;, ; Superpave,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( Netlon) Tensar AR1,,, ( Bay Mills ) Ha Telit,,,, 1. :,, :, 16
, 01618MPa 1.01.5GPa, 15, 1014MPa 160500M Pa 0,,,, 1 9 1 10 1 9 ( MPa) ( MPa) 3000 1500 1000, 1 10 1 10 ( M Pa) ( HDPE) 9.015.0 ( PE) 20.035.0 ( P P ) 30.035.0 2.,,, 12.5mm12.5mm, : :, 20,, :,, 4% :,, : 1000,, :,, :, 1 11 1 11 8501 8502 ( kn/ m) 100 200 100 100 ( MPa) 69000 ( % ) ( ) 4 1000 3. 17
(1 ),, 1.5,,,,,, (2 ) 5 cm5cm25cm,,,,,, ( 5% ),,,,, (3 ) S.F.Brown, 1/ 4, 1,, 9,, 36% (4 ),,,, 3/ 4, 4.,,, :,, ;,,, ;,, ; 20,,, ( SMA),,,, SMA, SMA, SMA,,, 1mm 2, 18
24 2 5
1. : (1 ),,,, (2 )SMA,,,, (3 ) SMA ( )( ),,, (4 ),,,,, (5 ),,, 2. SMA,,, ( Methyl Cellulose, MC) 250,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) SMA :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SMA 0.3%, 0.4 %, 0.1%,,,,,,,,,,, 19
, 3. SMA,,, 10mm, 0.05mm, 0.5%, 1060mm, 30100, 0.1% 1.0%,,,,,,,,,, 60% 40%, 2,,, f l 1/ 250, 3,,, 1.5% ( ), 60mm 20
, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2 1 2 1 2 2,, 2 2,,,,,,, 4,,,,, :,,,,,, - 20 C, 21
2 3,,, 2 1 2 1,,,,,,,,, 2 3 ( % ) 2 1 AH - 90 18.43 13.45 26.15 36.97 2.80 AH - 120 5.10 16.60 44.60 27.20 3.02 AH - 70 0.60 41.00 33.40 25.00 1.70 AH - 90 0.47 39.30 33.90 26.30 1.90 AH - 110 0.33 22.74 25.24 46.88 3.10 AH - 70 7.87 28.91 31.74 27.48 4.11( 1987 ) AH - 90 4.61 29.21 25.59 35.69 2.32( 1985 ) AH - 90 3.34 42.85 29.13 24.68 3.67( 1988 ) A - 60 4.41 57.05 29.72 6.31 A - 60 0.07 70.83 29.65 10.45 A - 100 13.13 40.87 38.14 7.86 A - 100 9.59 39.15 41.22 10.04 A - 100 0.90 77.03 22.37 16.71, :,,,,,,,, 22
, 3, 2 4, 2 4 a) ; b) ; c) :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 5,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ; ( ),,,,,,, 23
,, ( ),,,,,,, 2 2 ( ) 2 2,, ( ),,, C 5 60,,,,,,,,, C 5 60 35,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1.,,, ( ) 2 3 2 3 25
2 3 A H90 AH 70 90 90 ( 87 ) ( 83) 90 ( 84 ) ( 106 ) ( 87 ) ( 87) 70 ( 85 ) 70 (69 ) 70 ( 89 ) 20, ( 10 5 ) 3.83 4.34 4.10 11.70 4.07 11.10 11.40 30, ( 10 4 ) 4.98 5.48 4.98 17.50 4.76 10.30 11.00 40, ( 10 3 ) 7.08 7.12 2.12 21.60 5.06 10.60 16.40 60, ( 10 2 ) 2.29 3.52 4.05 3.54 1.11 1.11 2.67 6.48 3.54 80, ( 10) 2.12 3.62 3.81 2.85 1.42 2.01 2.31 6.30 4.42 100 3.79 4.46 6.26 4.34 2.91 3.54 4.10 8.97 7.26 120 1.00 1.06 1.66 1.01 0.73 0.96 1.16 2.14 1.59 140, ( 10-1 ) 3.49 3.76 5.56 3.22 2.40 2.90 4.09 6.84 4.87 160, ( 10-1 ) 1.43 1.33 2.20 1.30 0 1.16 1.51 2.65 1.84 135 0.40 0.41 0.70 0.41 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.89 0.60 PVN - 0.38-0.40 + 0.40-0.11 + 0.58-0.58-0.53 + 0.52-0.05 (1 ) 25 C ; (2 ) ( 2 4 ), ( ), 60 C 135 C,,,, :,,,,,, :, 1/ 10mm (dmm ), 25 C, 100g, 5s, 300, 300,,,,,,, 25 C, 1975 60 C, 135 C,,, : ;, ;, 0.1 C 2., ( 26
) P TI P I PVN (1 )P TI ( P TI), : P TI = P( 46.1 C, 50g, 5s) - P(0 C, 200g, 60s) P(25 C, 100g,5s) (2 1) : P( 46.1 C, 50g,5s ) 4 6.1 C, 0.4 9 N ( 50 g ), 5 s ( 1/ 10mm) ; P( 0 C, 200g,60s)P(25 C, 100g, 5s) (2 1) PTI,, (2 )P I 25 C (1/ 10mm) ( C), : : n ; Ti; P I = Pi 30 1 + 50 A A = T ilg Pi - (Ti) (lg Pi)/ n T i 2 - ( Ti ) 2 / n - 10 (2 2) 2 4 2 4, 90, 70 2 4 40 25 15 5 0 T R &B ( C) A PI 90 370 79 26 9.8 5.8 48.8 0.0452-0.80 90 312 75 32 13.9 8.3 49.5 0.0389 + 0.19 90 84 31 10.0 48.2 0.0462-0.94 90 375 88 33 12.2 5.5 47.2 0.0448-0.74 90 418 100 34 14.1 8.0 45.2 0.0428-0.45 90 420 85 28 7.5 5.0 47.0 0.0489-1.29 70 328 63 22 8.1 5.2 50.5 0.0451-0.78 70 69 25 7.0 51.2 0.0497-1.39 70 300 61 21 5.8 5.0 52.2 0.0441-0.64 : PI < - 2, ; PI = + 2-2 ; PI > + 2 2 6 27
PI,, 80100, PI - 1.2+ 1.0, P I - 1.0 + 1.0, OCT22245 90 PI - 1.5+ 1.0, P I - 1.0+ 1.0 (3 )PV N ( 2 3 ) (2 4) : 25 C P 135 C ( mm 2 / s ) 4.2580-7967.lg P - lg PVN = 1. 0.7951-0.1858.1g P 5 (2 3) 25 P 60 ( PaS ) 5.489-1.590lg P - lg PVN = - 1.5 1.0500-0.2234lg P (2 4) PV N 0.0-0.5, PVN - 0.5-1.0, PVN - 1.0-1.5 2 6 PVN 2 3,, 70,, 70, 4.1%, 3% 3. (1 ),,,, 2 5 2 5 ph 28
,,, ( 2 6 ) 2 6 ( 0.1mm ) ( % ) 240 108 85 70 55 47 36.32 27.55 25.69 11.22 6.68 5.44 a),,, ; b),, ; c), 2 7, 80 :, 4 5,, ( ) 4, 4 3 ; (, % ) 2 7 50 11 20 15 25 80 5 55 20 30 10 70 70 5 65 20 25 15 10 55 5 65 45 20 15 50 70 10 55 35 20 10 30 55 15 60 20 15 15 10 60 5 70 70 35 20 35 80 15 (2 ) : 510mm 5.5% 135 150, 1618 h,, 95% :, 10mm, 3min, 5 :,,,,, 4. 29
,, ( ) () ( ) () ( ),,,,,,,, 2 8 2 8 ( ) (25, 1/ 10mm ) 25 ( ) 0 78 > 100 46.0 42.54 38.62 18.84 60 5 11 15 72 52 53 100 18 73 50.0 51.0 51.3 40.79 38.69 37.29 38.27 37.85 37.57 20.94 23.46 25.14 21 44 61 52.1 37.19 37.15 27.65, 160178, 2 7,,,, ( 2 8, 5 3 % 12 % ) 2 7 2 8 2 9, ( T FOT ) ( RT FOT ),,, 150 1.01. 5min,,,,, 2 10 5. 30
(1 ),, (), ; (),, ( ) ( ) SE A.B. 25 ( 1/ 10mm ) 25 (cm ) 25 ( 1/ 10mm ) 25 (cm ) 2 9 1 40 45 110 + 34 61.5 2 40 45 110 + 30 27.5, 3 40 45 110 + 19 5.0 4 40 45 110 + 9 2.5 5 50 55 110 + 48 110 +, 6 40 45 110 + 25 25.5 7 40 45 110 + 20 5.5 2 10 25 (cm ) 15 C 5 C ( ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( cm ) 25 15 5 ( ) 100 60 100 90 90 90 70-0.09 51.5 16.0 3.7-74.8 8.0 12.7-0.02 58.2 76.7 6.9 68 18.5 5.5 51.9 1.60 + 0.01 66 8.9 3.9 73 > 100 6 47.5 1.35 + 0.012 60 57 4.5 83 108 49.5 2.80-0.75 65 > 150 13 6.5 84 > 150 7.2 48.2 1.85-0.02 60 > 150 83 8.0 87 > 150 12 48.8 2.91-0.18 74 > 150 > 150 3.2 69 > 150 52.5-1.31 49 > 150 21 7.0 (2 ),,, 31
,,, 2 9,,,, ( ) (3 ),,, ;,, 2 9, ;, ( S )( t) ( T ) ( ) () S = t.t ( Pa) (2 5) :,,,,, 1s,, = 0 sin( ), 1 (4 ), : C = lg- lg lg (2 6) C, 25, C = 1.0 ; C < 1.0 C,, C,,, C,, 2 112 122 13 32
2 11 A - 200 A - 180 A - 140 A - 100 A - 100 A - 60 A - 60 ( 25, 100g, 5s ) ( 0.1 mm ) 200300 160 200 120 160 90 120 80 120 50 80 40 80 ( 25, 5 cm/ min) (cm ) 100 100 90 60 70 40 ( ) ( ) 3045 35 45 38 48 42 52 42 52 45 55 45 55 ( ) ( % ) 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 163, 5h ( % ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( % ) 50 60 60 65 65 70 70 (COC) ( ) 180 200 230 230 230 230 230 : 25 100cm, 15 100cm, 2 12 AH - 130 AH - 110 AH - 90 AH - 70 AH - 50 ( 25, 100g, 5 s) ( 0.1mm ) 120140 100120 80 100 60 80 4060 ( 5cm/ min, 15) (cm) 100 100 100 100 80 ( ) ( ) 4050 4151 42 52 44 54 4555 (COC) ( ) 230 ( ) ( % ) 3 ( 15 ) ( ) ( % ) 99.0 ( % ) 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 ( % ) 45 48 50 55 58 163 5h ( 25) (cm ) 75 75 75 50 40 ( 15 ) (cm ) :, 60 ( Pas) 135 ( mm 2 / s), ;,, 15, 2 14 : 33
2 13 A L ( R) AL ( R) AL ( M) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( S ) AL ( S ) AL ( S ) A L ( S ) A L ( S ) A L ( S) 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 C 25.5 < 20 < 20 < 20 ( s ) C 60.5 5-15 5-16 - 26-41 - 101-5 - 16-26 - 41-101 - 15 25 40 100 200 15 25 40 100 200 225 > 20 > 15 < 10 < 7 < 3 < 2 0 0 315 > 35 > 30 < 35 < 25 < 17 < 14 < 8 < 5 ( % ) 360 > 45 > 35 < 50 < 35 < 30 < 25 < 20 < 15 < 40 < 35 < 25 < 20 < 15 < 5 ( 25 60-60 - 100-100 - 100-100 - 100-100 - 100g, 5s ) ( 0.1 mm ) 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 ( 25, 5cm/ min ) ( cm ) > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 ( 50) ( S) < 20 > 20 > 30 40 > > 45 > 50 ( T OC ) > 30 > 30 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 70 > 70 > 100 > 100 > 120 > 120 ( % ) 0.2 0.2 2.0 :, C 1 ( ), 2 ( mm ) 34
2 14 A - 140 A - 140 AH - 90 AH - 110 AH - 90 AH - 110 A - 180 A - 200 A - 180 A - 200 AH - 130 A - 100 A - 140 AH - 130 A - 100 A - 140 T - 5 T - 6 T - 6 T - 7 T - 6 T - 7 T - 7 T - 8 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A - 100 A - 100 AH - 90 AH - 110 AH - 70 AH - 90 A - 140 A - 140 A - 180 A - 180 A - 100 A - 140 A - 60 A - 100 T - 6 T - 7 T - 6 T - 7 T - 7 T - 8 T - 7 T - 8 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A - 60 A - 100 A - 140 A - 60 A - 100 A - 140 AH - 50 AH - 70 AH - 90 A - 100 A - 60 AH - 50 AH - 70 A - 60 A - 100 T - 6 T - 7 T - 7 T - 7 T - 8 T - 7 T - 8 T - 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : ; - 10 C ; 0 C- 10 C ; 0 C (1 ) ( 25), ( ), ( ),,, ; (2 ),,,, : (1 )( ), 25,, 60; (2 ), ; (3 ), ; (4 ),,, 35
,,, 10 1. PI,,, T800 : AK (2 2) T 800 = lg800 - K A = 2.9031 - K A (2 7) T1.2 10, 10,5 T 1.2 = lg1.2 - K A = 0.0792 - K A, 10 (2 8),,, 2. ( ),,, 1 1 ;, 1 1 1 2 15 2 15 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) > 30 C 3020 C < 20 C 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) < - 37 C - 21.5-37 C - 9-21.5 C > - 9 C 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) > 1000mm 500 1000mm 250 500mm < 250 mm 2 102 11 36
2 10 ( ) 37
38 2 11 ( )
3. 2 16, 2 17 2 16 AH 1 - AH 2 - A H 3-1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 ( C) > 30 2030 < 20 ( C) ( 25 C) 0 < - 37-21.5-9.0 > - 9. - 37.0-21.5 0 < - 37-21.5-9.0 > - 9. - 37.0-21.5 100 80 60 40 120 80 80 60 120 100 100 80 140 120 100 80 ( 15 C,30 C 5 C) - 21.5-37.0 100 120 T 800 T 1.2 10 C, ( ) ( ) 30 20 15 10 30 20 15 10 20 TF OT ( 163 C, 5h ), ( % ) 52 55 60 65 52 55 60 65 55 ( 10 C) ( cm ) 8 6 5 4 8 6 5 4 6 ( C) 230 ( ) ( % ) 3.0 ( 15 C) ( g/ cm 3 ) 2 17 4060 6080 80100 100 120 120 140 A H 1-4 AH 1-3 AH 1-4 AH 1-2 AH 1-3 AH 1-1 AH 2-2 AH 2-1 AH 2-4 AH 2-2 AH 3-2 AH 2-3 SHRP SHRP 5,, SHRP, SHRP, : 1. 39
, ( G ) () superpave, : G / sin 1.0kPa,, ;, G / sin 2.2kPa, ;,, G sin 5000kPa 2., :, ; m, 3., 0-36,,, superpave 2 12, 135C < 3Pa s F PF > 230C G * sin> 1. 0kPa (RTFOT ) G * sin> 2. 2kP a ( PAV ) G * sin< 5000kP a 60 s 30600M Pa m > 0. 30 + 10, 60 s S < 3000M Pa m > 0. 3 + 10 > 1. 0% 2 12 superpave :,, ;, 40
,, ( 25um), ( ), :, 160 C180 C,,,, ;,,,,,,, 10% ;,, ;,,,,,, :, :,, ( ) ; :,, ( ) ; :,,, ; :,, (OH) (O) 2 13 2 18 2 18 ( COO Na) ( ) ( OSO 3 Na) ( SO 3 Na) ( ) RNH + CH 2 CH 2 COO RN + (CH3) 2 CH 2 COO 41
2 13,,,,, C1619 ( NOT )C16 (1631), NOT,, 410,,,, : 0.3% 0.8 % 0.3% 0.6 % 0.3% 0.6 % 0.05 % 0.2%,, ( ) : 2 14 ( 1621) ( JSA - 3 ) ( 1631) ( O T ) ( JSA - 2 ) N ( NO T ) N ( AS F ) ( J SA - 1 ) RH - CO L HY 2 14 2 19 2 19 ph ASF100 0.80 4 5 63 ASF101 0.70 4 5 62 ASF103 0.30 2 3 64 AS F 0.40 4 5 62 42
ph J SA - 1 0.5 3 65 J SA - 2 0.5 3 62 J SA - 3 0.5 5 62 NO T 0.5 6.5 60 1621 0.5 6 7 61 1.,,,, ( 2 15a),,,, ( 2 15b),,,,,,,,,,, ( 2 15c),, ( ), 2 15d),,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 43
2 15, ;,,,, : (1 ) (, ) ;,, () (2 ),, ( CaCO3 ) HCl, H2 CO3, H2 CO3 CO3 2 -,, :, ;,, ;, ; ( ) 44,,
1.,, 1 %,, 30% 70%,, (2 16 ),, ;,,,,, 2. ( ),,,, 0.3% 5%,,,,,, ;,,, 3.,, : 2 16 (1 ):, (2 ),,, 4.,,, PH,, PH, PH,, PH PH,, PH PH, 45
5.,,, PH,,,, 30% 70% 2 20 6.,,,, : RC ( ), SBR ( ), SBS ( ), EVA( ) SIS ( ) EEA,, : 1., (2 17 ), 5 2 17 (1 ):, ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) 2 20 2.,, 3 : (1 ):, ( 0.5mm),, (5000r/ min 12000r/ min),,, (36um ), 46
2 20 ( % ) ( % ) C 1619 NO T 35 100 200 100 200 100 180 100 30 % 35 % 67 % 70 % 60400.5 60400.5 60400.5 60400.5 60400.4 60400.5 60400.5 60400.4 0. 10.3 0.1 0.3, 0.5 % ;, J SA - 1 J SA - 2 J SA - 2 J SA - 2 80 80 80 80 100 100 100 60400.5 60400.5 60400.5 60400.5 HCl FeCl3 0.51 J SA - 3 80 100 60400.5 162 100 60400.5 200 60400.4 200 60400.4 100 %,, = ( % ) 47
(2 ) :, 30004000r/ min,, (3 ):,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 120 C 140 C, 60 C70 C, 80 C : ( ),,,,,,, 10 : ( T0651 ), ( T0652 ), ( T0653), ( T0654 ), ( T0655 ), ( T0656 ), ( T0657 ), ( T0658 ), ( T0659), 2 21, ( JTJ05293),, BS434 ( 9984 ), A K, 14,,, 4070 K170 70%, : P B, C A, 13 PC1,, BA2, 2 22 48
2 21 ( T 0651) ( T 0652) ( T0653 ) ( T 0659) ( T 0655) ( T 0656) ( T 0657) ( T 0665 ) ( T0654 ),,,,,,,,, 2 22 PC - 1 PA - 1 PC - 2 PA - 2 PC - 3 PA - 3 BC - 1 BA - 1 BC - 2 BA - 2 BC - 3 BA - 3 ( % ) 0.3 ( + )/ ( - ) C 25.3 ( S ) E 25 12 45 315 820 16 12100 340 40 100 15 40 ( % ) 60 50 55 60 ( 100g, 25 C, 5 s) (0.1mm ) 80200 80 300 60 160 60 200 60 300 80 200 ( 25 C) ( % ) 80 ( ) ( % ) 97.5 5d ( % ) 1d ( % ), 2/ 3 - - -, 1.18 mm ( % ) - 5 ( - 5 C) 5 1 :, C 25.3 25 C 3 mm, E 25 25 C ; 5 d, 1d ; PC PA BC BA ; BA3 55 % 49
:,,,,,,,, () SMA 40, 50, 2 18, : : : : : SBR C R EPDM : SBS SI S : PE E VA AP P P VCEP OXY ( ) : ( ) ( ) : : 2 18,,, (2 23 ) : : ( NR ) ( SBR ) ( CR ) ( BR ) ( EPDM ); :, ( SBS), ( SIS) ; :, ( PE) ( EVA)(APP) ( PVC) ;, ( EP ) 2 23 ( NR) ( SBR ) ( CR ) ( ABR) ( IIR ) ( BR ) ( IR) ( S IR) - - ( SBS ) - - ( SIS ) 50
( EVA ) ( PE) ( EPS ) ( PP ) ( EE A) ( AP P ) ( EP) 2 24 2 24 ( % ) SBS SBR EV A PE ( ) 2.0 ( ) ( ) 3.0 ( ) 3.0 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.02.0 ( ) 5.0 ( ) ( ) 2.0 ( ) 3.0 ( ) 1.0 ( ) 3.0 ( ) 5.5 ( PE ) 4.0 ( PE ) 3.0 ( PE ) 3.0 3.5( PE) 5.5 ( PE ) 4.0 5.0( PE) 6.0 ( PE ) 5.0 6.0( PE) ( ) 2.0 2.0 5.0( E VA) 2 24, SBS SBR EVA P E, 2 19, SBS SB,, 1997 27.4, 7%, SBS 90, 47 %,, SBS 2 25 2 26 2 252 26,,,, 2 19 51
2 25 SBS + + + + + + SIS + + + + + + E VA + + 0 + PE 0 + :+,0, 2 26 SBS ( ) SBS ( ) E VA PE, SBS PE EVA,, 5 C, 2 20 2 20 52 2 20 SBS E VA PE
, SBS,, PE EVA ; PE, SBS ; EVA PE, P E, SBS; SBS,, :, ;, ;,, 1.,, SBS PE EVA ;,, SBS SBR,,,, SBS, ( 2 27) 2 27 SBS E VA PE 2.,,,, SBS SBR ;,,, SBS PEEVA, (SBS + P E) 3.,,,,,,, ;,,,,, SBR, SBS, 4. SBS, ;, SBSPE EVA,,, 53
: ( ) : SB R : SBS : SBS PE EVA AP P : 2 21 2 21 :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ( ) LG8,, RF NOVOPHALT,, :,, :,,, (SBS), 5., : ; ( ) ; 4cm, 23m, 2.510 3 kg/ m 3, 5.2% ( 6% ), 120t, 2300t, 2 28,,, 110 / t, 2 28, SBR, EVA,, SBS PE,, 54
SBS PE SBS + PE SBR E VA ( ) 4.5 % 6 % 3 % + 3 % 5 % ( ) 5 % ( / t) 9600 6900 8200/ 6900 10000 16000 ( / t ) 370 414 453 500 800 ( / t ) 350 350 350 100 100 ( / t ) 720 764 803 600 900 ( / t ) 37.4 39.7 41.8 36 54 ( / k m) 8.7 9.1 9.6 8.3 12.4 2 28 SBS SBR EVA PE,, 1. SBS, SBS 40%,, (1 ) SBS SBS 1995, SH/ T161095 SBS, : PB PS ( 2 22 ), SBS SBS, 2 22 SBS 55
, PS, SBS, PB,, PS,,,, SBS,, SBS Phillips solprene( )shell carifler ( ) SBS SBS, SBS SBS; SBS,,, SBS, SBS,,, ;,, SBS S/ B (PS / PB ) 3/ 7, SBS,,,, SBS,, SBS,, SBS, :, SBS,,, 5%, S/ B, SBS SBS, 300% SBS,,,, (2 ) SBS SBS,, (2 29 )SBS : ; 160 C,, 90,,, ;,, ;, 2. PE (1 ) PE PE,, 0.9160.930g/ cm 3, (55% 65 % ), ( MZ = 0.2 50 ),, ( PE) 56
,,,,,, ; 5% (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) PE PE (2 29 ): SBS PE EVA 2 29 5 % SBS 5 % PE 5 % E VA ( 25 C) 1/ 1 0m m 64 3 8 4 0 47 4 9, C 48 92 55 60 60 15 C, cm > 200 > 100 54 11 35, C 47.2 63.1 58.3 52.4 56.1, C - 8.6-16.7-11.4-9.8-15.7 15 C, % 14 78 65 16.4 54 PI - 1.36 0.96 0.16-0.76 0.17 (10 C ) ( MPa) 0.73 0.52 0.62 1.04 0.81, Nm 2.99 21.5 19.6 4.29 7.85, % 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.06, % 78.3 88.9 88.9 70.0 73.5 10 C, cm 9 68 42 5.5 7 135 C 60 C, T800 ; T1.2, 5 C, (25 C) ; PI PI, ;, ; 3. SBR SBR,,, 57
, :,,,,,,,, ; (2 30 ) :,,, ( 25 C ), 5 C,, ;, ;,, ; ; SBR 2 30 25 C 25 C 15 C ( mm ) ( ) 25 C, Ncm 95 C 60 C A - 60 2 % SBR 64 53.0 30.2 2.7 21.5 4 136 82 2908 62 54.5 32.0 84.8 15.0 4 + 264 103 3488 4. EVA (1 ) EVA EVA, EVA, ;,,,, EVA 5% 60 % ( ), EVA, EVA 1% 5% ( ),, EVA, EVA, VA ( ) MI( ) EVA,, VA MI ( )EVA ;, VA MI,, MI( ) VA( ) EVA EVA (2 ) EVA EVA 2 29, : 58
,, ; ; 5. PE,,,, SBS SBR PE, SBS SBR PE, SBS SBR, SBS P E,, SBS PE SBS SBS PE,, SBS PE ;, P E 2 31,, ( SBS + PE) SBS, SBS + PE SBR + PE,, SBS SBS + PE 2 31 ( ) 6 % SBS 3 % SBS + 3 % PE 15 C dm m 25.6 24.8 20.3 25 C dm m 93.6 66.7 59.2 30 C dm m 199.1 103.7 114 10 C cm 9.3 53.5 10.6 5 C cm 4.8 42 8.2 C 47 77.5 52.5 P I - 2.40-0.27-1.36 C 40.5 51.1 47.4 C - 7.4-16.7-9.7 ( 25 C) % 20 > 95 48 % - 0.04-0.02-0.02 TFO T (25 C ) % 67.0 92.0 90 C 48.5 79 54.5 ( 5 C) cm 3.5 34.8 7.6 6.,,, 59
,, 60, F.S.,, 1986 C.L.,,,,,, 15% 25%,,,, ( 0.5 % 1.0% ), ( ),,, : ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ), 1.,, SBR,,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,, AH - 90 50, AH - 90, AH - 90, AH - 50 60 (2 ),
AASHTOAGCARTBA ( 1991 ) 2 32 SBS SBR PE, E VA I - A I - B I - C I - D II - A II - B I I - C III - A I II - B II I - C III - D III - E 25 C, 100g, 5s min 100 75 50 40 100 70 80 30 ( 0.1 mm) max 150 100 75 75 130 4 C, 200g, 60 s min 40 30 25 25 48 35 26 18 12 4 C, 5 cm/ min (cm ) min 50 25 60 C( p) min 1000 2500 5000 5000 800 1600 1600 135 C(cst) min 150 max 2000 2000 1500 T R &B ( C) min 43 49 54 60 52 54 57 60 63 ( C) max 218 232 232 218 ( % ) min 99.0 99.0, ( C) max 2.2 25 C( cmkg) min 58 86 25 C( cm kg) min 86 127 RTF OT TFO T ( % ) max 1.0 25 C( % ) min 45 50 4 C, 200g, 60 s min 20 15 13 13 24 18 13 9 6 60 C( p) max 4000 8000 4 C( cm ) min 25 8 25 C( cmkg) min 86 25 C( cmkg) min 127 61
AASHTOAGCARTBA ( 1991 ) 2 33 SBS SBR PE, E VA I - A I - B I - C I - D II - A II - B I I - C III - A I II - B II I - C III - D III - E 25 C, 100g, 5s min 100 75 50 40 100 70 80 30 ( 0.1 mm) max 150 100 75 75 130 4 C, 200g, 60 s min 40 30 25 25 48 35 26 18 12 4 C, 5 cm/ min (cm ) min 50 60 C( p) min 1000 2500 5000 5000 800 1600 1600 135 C(cst) min 150 max 2000 2000 1500 T R &B ( C) min 43 49 54 60 52 54 57 60 ( C) max 218 232 232 218 ( % ) min 99.0 99.0, ( C) max 2.2 ( in lbs.) min 75 110 (inlbs.) min 50 75 RT EO T TE OT ( % ) max 1.0 25 C( % ) min 45 50 4 C, 200g, 60 s min 20 15 13 13 24 18 13 9 6 60 C( p) max 4000 8000 4 C( cm ) min 25 8 ( in lbs.) min 110 (inlbs.) min 75 62
(3 ) ( SHRP) SHRP,,, ( JTJ03698),,, T800 T1.2 2.,,,,,, (2 322 332 342 352 36 ) 3. 2 322 332 342 352 36 AASHTO 1999 3, 2 37 ( 190 P37 ) 2 34 I I I ( ) 25 C ( 0.1 mm) > 50 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 ( C) 50 60 56 70 > 80 > 68 > 75 7 C ( cm ) > 30 15 C ( cm ) > 30 > 50 > 30 > 50 ( C) > 260 > 260 > 260 > 260 > 260 T FO T ( % ) < 0.6 > 0.6 > 0.6 ( % ) > 55 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 ( C) < - 12 ( Nm ) > 5 > 8 > 20 > 16 > 20 ( Nm ) > 2.5 > 4 > 15 > 8 > 15 ( 15 C) ( g/ cm 3 ) 6 0 C ( 104 Pas) > 2.00 > 0.15 > 0.30 ( C) ( C) ( % ) < 5 63
1994 2 35 ( P mmb) 130 90 60 50 30 15 230 140 90 90 50 35 25 C 0. 1 mm 130 230 90 140 60 90 50 90 30 50 15 35 C 40 42 50 65 55 60 C - 20-18 - 15-19 - 10-8 13 C cm 90 55 40 25 C cm 50 30 15 25 C % 70 70 65 80 50 30, C 2 RTF OT % 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 % 50 50 40 40 40 40 % 70 70 65 80 50 30 % 95 C 230 240 250 250 250 250 ( BMV ARS17/ 91 T LP MB) 2 36 PmBA P mbb PmBC 80 A 65A 45A 80B 65 B 45B 65 C 45C 25 C, 100g, 5 s mm 0. 1 120 50 20 120 50 20 50 20 40.0 48.0 55.0 40.0 48.0 55.0 48.0 55.0 T R &B C 48.0 55.0 63.0 48.0 55.0 63.0 55.0 63.0 C - 20-15 - 10-20 - 15-10 - 15-10 7 C cm 100 50 13 C cm 100 30 15 25 C cm 40 20 10 25 C g/ cm 3 1.000 1.100 C 200 % 50, C 2.0 % 1.00 C 6.5 C 2.0 64
% PmBA P mbb PmBC 80 A 65A 45A 80B 65 B 45B 65 C 45C 40 % 10 7 C cm 50 40 13 C cm 50 20 20 20 8 5 25 C cm % 50 2 37 25 C, 100g, 5 s( 0.1 mm ) SBS( I) SBR ( II ) E VA PE( III ) I - A I - B I - C I - D II - A II - B II - C II I - A II I - B III - C III - D 100 80 60 40 100 80 60 80 60 40 30 PI [ 1] - 1.0-0.6-0.2 + 0.2-1.0-0.8-0.6-1.0-0.8-0.6-0.4 5 C, 5 cm/ min (cm ) 50 40 30 20 60 50 40 - T R &B ( C) 45 50 55 60 45 48 50 48 52 56 60 135 C ( Pas ) [ 2] 3 ( C) 230 230 230 ( % ) 99 99 -, ( C) [ 3] 2.5-25 C ( % ) 55 60 65 70 - - ( Nm ) - 5 - ( Nm ) - 2.5 - RTF OT [ 4 ] ( % ) 1.0 25 C ( % ) [ 5] 50 55 60 65 50 55 60 50 55 58 60 5 C ( cm ) 30 25 20 15 30 20 10 - : P I 15 C 25 C 30 C, lgp = A T + k, A, PI = 20-500A, R 0.997 1 + 50A 135 C ( JTJ052 ) ( ),,, 60 C,, ( RTF OT ) ; ( TFO T ),,,, ; : (1 ), AS TM 65
(2 ) SBS SBR EVA PE,, (3 ), PI - 1.0, - 1.0,,, (4 ),,,,,, A B C D A D,,, : SBS 5 C, SBR 5 C EVA PE, (5)( ) (6), :,,, ; ( );, SBS, SBS 3% 5%, 3% 4%, 5% ; EVA PE, EVA PE 4% 6%, 4% 5%, 6%,, 15 C 25 C 30 C, PI, 25 C, 2 37,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, (700 C ) (450 C700 C ), 66
,,,,,,,,,, 10% 15%,, 10 C,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, ( ), (, ),, : (1 ),,, ( ),, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,, : 170 C 270 C 300 C (4 ) 67
,,,,,,,,,, 2 38 ( JTJ03294) 2 38 T - 1 T - 2 T - 3 T - 4 T - 5 T - 6 T - 7 T - 8 T - 9 C 30, 5 5-25 26-70 ( s ) C 30, 10 5-20 21-50 51-120 121-200 C 60, 10 10-75 76-200 C 60, 10 35-65 ( % ) 170 C 3 3 3 2 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 270 C 20 20 20 15 15 15 10 10 10 300 C 15 35 1535 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 300 C ( C ) ( ) 30 45 3045 3565 35 65 3565 35 65 4070 40 70 4070 ( % ) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5.0.5 ( % ) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ( % ) 5 5 5 4 4 3.5 3 2 2 ( % ) 4 4 3 3 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 :, C ( C), ( mm ) 90%,,,,,,,,,, 20, 20 40, 15, 58,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 68
2.36mm, 2.36mm, 0.075mm ( ) 1.,,, 2.,,, 2 39 2 39 ( % ) 28 30 ( % ) 30 40 ( t/ m 3 ) 2.50 2.45 ( % ) 2.0 3.0 4 3 ( % ) 12 - ( % ) 15 20 < 0.075mm ( % ) 1 1 ( % ) 5 5 ( BP N ) 42 ( % ) 28 ( % ) 90 50-40 40 40 : ;, 2.45 10 3 kg/ m 3, 3 %, ;,,, ; 3 %, 2 % ;,, 69
1., 25%,, 1216mm 150mm, 10min 400kN, 3mm,, 9.512.7mm, < 2.36mm 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,, ;,, 1% 2%,,,,, 1.5% 2%, 3% 4 %, 4.,,,,,, SiO2 SiO2 65%, ; SiO2 52 %, ; SiO2 52 % 65 %, ;, : 70
(1 ), 5% 35%, 53 ; (2 ), 20% 85 %, 31,, : 2%, 2 % 4% ; ; 0.3% 0.4%,,,,,,,, 3 3,, 0.62.36mm,, ( ) 0.0750.6mm,, 1. ( ), 2., 3., ( ),, 15% 4. 2%,, 5. 60% ( ), 0.075mm3% 2 40 71
2 40 ( t/ m 3 ) 2.50 2.45 ( > 0.3mm ) ( % ) 12 - ( % ) 60 50 : ;, 0.075mm ( ), 3 %, 5 % 1. 0.075mm,, :,,, 2 41 2 41,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) ( ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) ( ),,,, 72
,,,, 2 42 2 42 ( t/ m 3 ) 2.50 2.45 ( % ) 1 1 < 0.6mm ( % ) < 0.15mm ( % ) < 0.075mm ( % ) 100 90 100 75 100 100 90100 70100 < 1, 10 % 20%, 4,, ;,, 50 %, 4 73
1. : ;,,, (),, 10%, ; 10%, 3 % 6% I,, 4% 10%,, :, 4.75mm31.5mm(, ) ;, 4.75mm19mm ;, 4.75mm13.2mm ;, 4.75mm LH, AC 3 1 3 1 ( mm ) ( mm ) - AM - 40 37.5 - LS - 50 50 AC - 30 AM - 30 31.5 L H - 40 LH - 35 LS - 40 LS - 35 40 35 AC - 25 AM - 25 26.5 L H - 30 LS - 30 30 AC - 20 AM - 20 19.0 L H - 25 LS - 25 25 AC - 16 AM - 16 16.0 L H - 20 LS - 20 20 74
( mm ) ( mm ) AC - 13 AM - 13 13.2 L H - 15 LS - 15 15 AC - 10 AM - 10 9.5 L H - 10 LS - 10 10 AC - 5 AM - 5 4.75 L H - 5 LS - 5 5 AK - 13-13.2 LK - 15-15 AK - 16-16.0 LK - 20-20,, 2. : (1 ), 30 % 40%,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),, 3 1 3 1 3.,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 75
,,, 10mm, 3 2 3 2 (cm ) 2.5 4 4 5 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AM - 13 AC - 16 4 6 5 6 AC - 20 AC - 25 4 5 AC - 20 AC - 20 AM - 25 5 6 AC - 25 AC - 25 AC - 25 6 8 AC - 30 AC - 30 AC - 30 AM - 30 5 6 6 8 AM - 25 AM - 30 AM - 25 AM - 30 AM - 25 AM - 30 8 10 AM - 40 AM - 40 AK - 13A AK - 13A AK - 13A 2.5 4 AK - 13B AK - 16A AK - 13B AK - 16A AK - 16B AK - 16B AK - 16A 1.,,,, 3 2,, : c + tg (3 1) :, : c ; ; 3 2 ( tg) (c), c, R r 2. (1 ), :, 76
, ( ) ( ),,,,,, ( ), (2 ),.A.,,,,,, ;,,, (3 3) 3 3, 77
,, ( ),,,, ( 0.02mm ) ( ),,,,,,, 3. (1 ),,,,,,,, ( 3 4 ),, ( VMA) (2 ) 3 4,,,,,,,, ( 3 5) (3 ) ; (4 ), 78
3 5 R20; R50 4. : ;,,,, : (1 ), ; (2 ) ; (3 ); (4) :,, ;, ; ( ), ( ), ( ), 3 3 3 3 ( ) PA1 0.4 % 1 2 45, 85 % AST 0.3 % 4 BA3 0.4 %, 1 2 45,,,,, 2h 2 %, 24h 20%, 48h 30 %, 72h 34%, 79
,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),, : ; ;, ;,,,,,, 3 4 3 5 3 43 5,, S ( 2s)E 3 4 ( ) + 50 + 20 0-10 - 35 ( MPa) 12 2.5 5 813 1017 18 30 3 5 ( ) + 50 + 45 + 40 + 35 + 30 + 25 + 20 S( M Pa) 75 109 142 176 232 288 344 E ( M Pa) 223 361 516 683 790 895 999,,,, 1. :, ;,,,, ( ),, 80
, 90% 3 6 3 6 1. 5mm 1. ; 1. ( 1. ; 2. ; ) ; ; 2. ( 3. ; 2. ; 2. ( ) ; 4. ; 3. 3. ; 5. ; ( ) ; ) ; 4. 6. 4. ( ) 2. : (1 ),,, 3 7 3 7 ( % ) ( % ) ( ) ( M Pa) 5 3.3 30 0.19 6 2.5 30 0.15 7 0.7 19 0.06 (2 ), :, ;,,,,,,, 12.65 % 17.00%, ( 2% ), (3 ), ( Dm ax 1/ 2 Dm ax ),, 60%,, ( VMA), (4 ) 81
, 1% 3% 3.,,,,,,, :,,,,,, SHRP, (1 ) 300mm300mm50mm,,,, RP DS(1mm ) 3 8 3 8 ( ) ( % ) ( cm ) - 70-70 - 90 h h h ( mm ) DS ( mm ) DS ( mm) DS 4 6.19 1913 5.29 2214 9.85 558 5.5 5 7.05 1227 5.72 1801 9.83 516 6 4 7.71 1076 312 6.84 1517 519 0.05 360 60 7.0 5 6 4 6.69 254 170 1467 5.80 355 207 1687 11.28 522 5.5 5 8.70 1157 7.74 1184 13.64 496 6 10.14 803 9.78 823 20.52 304 4 5.10 2596 4.92 2250 7.50 1607 4.5 5 5.66 1985 5.38 2109 7.50 1350 6 6.53 1534 6.28 1730 8.96 912 7.0 5 3644 45 5.5 8 6 2395 3317 6159 6294 :h 82 :, DS,
; h DS,, h, DS DS, 1.5%, DS 45 ;, ; (2 ) SHRP,,, / () ( ) ( ),,,,, 3 9,, 3 6 30 C, 3 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 6, 15cm, (10.8510 5 Pa) 5cm ( 7.0210 5 Pa) 54.6% ;,, 9cm,, 10MPa, 15cm 7.8%, 12cm,,, 7.0210 5 Pa, 15cm 35.3%,, 12cm,,,, 17 4.89 (100 kpa), 23 8.29 (100kPa),,, (1 ),,,,, 83
, ( ) 2010-6 4510-6 (2 ) :,, 3 6 30, 3 7 3 7 84
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30mm 35mm 250mm, 0, 1MPa ( 0 ), 1h,, t1 t2 1 2, sp eed, J2 J1 spee d = 1-2 = J 1 - J2 t1 t1 - t2 - t2 (3 2) 3 10,, 3 10 10 (cm ) T 1.2 ( ) ( 1/ s/ kpa) AH - 90 82.7-23.0 1.4510-6 AH - 10 69.7-20.0 1.9010-6 A - 100 51.4-15.3 9.2810-7 A - 100 9.3-16.5 9.3710-7 A - 100 9.3-14.6 5.1010-7 A - 100 10.0-14.7 3.1710-7 A - 100 5.5-11.0 1.4710-7, 0.5mm0.75mm, 50,,,,, 85
,,,, : ( < 5cm ),,, ; ( > 15cm ),,,,, 3 8,, 3 8, 3 11 3 11 % % ( ) (1 ), ( ) (3 9), (2 ),,,,, (3 ), 3 10, 1% (100 % ),,, (4 ),,, 86
3 9 (5 ),,, 3 11 (6 ),, (3 12 ),, ( 15cm),,,, 3 10 ( 5cm),,,,, (80100 ),,,,,,,,,,, 35,, 87
135 4h,, 85 5d, 57 3 11 3 12 1. (1 ),, (2), 21 22kg/ m 2, 135 1 4h5min,, 4h, 2. (1 ) :,,,, (2 )16h, (3 ), 853, 5d( 120 0.5h), (4 )5d, 16h,, 88 (1 ):,
,, (2 ):,, (3 ): ( ),,,, 3% 6%,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (4 ):, 0.5%,,, (5 ):,,,, ;, ;,,,, ;,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,, 3 12 1940 89
3 12 > 15cm ; 5cm,, < 0.15mm,,,, 3 13 ( JT J03294 ) 3 13 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AC - 16 AM - 13 AC - 5 AC - 10 AM - 5 AM - 10 AC - 20 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 25 AC - 30 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 30 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 30 AM - 25 AM - 30 AC - 13 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 25 AM - 25 AM - 30 AM - 40 AC - 25 AC - 30 AC - 30 L H - 15 L H - 20 L H - 25 L H - 25 L H - 30 L H - 30 L H - 15 L H - 20 L H - 30 L H - 15 L H - 20 L H - 25 LS - 15 L H - 5 L H - 10 L H - 15 LS - 30 L H - 30 LS - 5 LS - 10 LS - 30 L H - 35 L H - 40 L H - 35 L H - 40 L H - 30 L H - 35 AM - 30 AM - 35 LS - 35 LS - 40 L H - 35 LS - 30 LS - 35 LS - 40 LS - 35 LS - 40 LS - 50 90
: (1 ), (2 ), I, (3 ),, I (4 ),, (5 ) 1/ 2, 2/ 3 (6 )I 1. (1 ),,,,,,,, :,,, (), 3 13 a b (3 13 a),,,,,,, 3 13 (3 13 b),,,,,,,,, 91
,,, ( ),,, (3 13 d ),,,,, (2 ), ( JTT03294 ) (3 143 15) 3 163 17, 3 143 153 16 3 17 : a) NO.4 NO.16, ; b),, 30%, 15% 20%, 20 % 25 % c),, 5% 7%, 1.5% 2%, 2%, a) n, A.N.Tabol (), Px = 100( d/ D) n (3 3) : Px ( )d ; d( ) ( mm ) ; D ( mm ) N = 0.50, ( Fullers), n = 0.30.5, n = 0.350.45, n = 0.45, b) i, Px = 100 i x (3 4) 1/ 2, d D : d = D/ 2 X, X, : X = 3.32log( D/ d ) (3 5) (3 4) i, d = D, 100%, d = D/ 2, 100i, d = D/ 4, 100i 2, n, i = 0.5 n, i = 0.70.8 ; i > 0.8, ; i < 0.7, ; i = 0.75 c) k, 92
( ) 3 14 (, mm) 53.0 37.5 31.5 26.5 19.0 16.0 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 ( % ) AC 30I 100 90100 79 92 6682 59 77 5272 4363 32 52 2542 18 32 1325 8 18 513 3 7 4.06.0 II 100 90100 65 85 5270 45 65 3858 3050 18 38 1228 8 20 414 3 11 27 1 5 3.05.0 AC 25I 100 95 100 7590 62 80 5373 4363 32 52 2542 18 32 1325 8 18 513 3 7 4.06.0 II 100 90 100 6585 52 70 4262 3252 20 40 1330 9 23 616 4 12 38 2 5 3.05.0 AC 20I 100 95100 75 90 6280 5272 38 58 2846 20 34 1527 10 20 6 14.0 4 8 4.06.0 II 100 90100 65 85 5270 4060 26 45 1633 11 25 718 4 13 39 2 5 3.55.5 AC 16I 100 95100 7590 5878 42 63 3250 22 37 1628 11 21 715 4 8 4.06.0 II 100 90100 6585 5070 30 50 1835 12 26 719 4 14 39 2 5 3.55.5 AC 13I 100 95 100 7088 48 68 3653 24 41 1830 12 22 816 4 8 4.56.5 II 100 90 100 6080 34 52 2238 14 28 820 5 14 310 2 6 4.06.0 AC 10I 100 95100 55 75 3858 26 43 1733 10 24 616 4 9 5.07.0 II 100 90100 40 60 2442 15 30 922 6 15 410 2 6 4.56.5 AC 5I 100 95 100 5575 35 55 2040 12 28 718 510 6.08.0 AM 40 100 90 100 5080 40 65 3054 25 50 2045 1338 5 25 215 0 10 08 0 6 05 0 4 2.54.0 AM 30 100 90100 50 80 3865 32 57 2550 1742 8 30 220 0 15 010 0 8 05 0 4 2.54.0 AM 25 100 90 100 5080 43 73 3865 2555 10 32 220 0 14 010 0 8 06 0 5 3.04.5 AM 20 100 90100 60 85 5075 4065 15 40 522 2 16 112 0 10 08 0 5 3.04.5 AM 16 100 90100 6085 4568 18 42 625 3 18 114 1 10 08 0 5 3.04.5 AM 13 100 90 100 5080 20 45 828 4 20 216 0 10 08 0 6 3.04.5 AM 10 100 85100 35 65 1035 5 22 216 0 12 09 0 6 3.04.5 AK 13A 100 90 100 6080 30 53 2040 15 30 1023 7 18 512 4 8 3.55.5 AK 13B 100 85 100 5070 18 40 1030 8 22 515 3 12 39 2 6 3.55.5 AK 16 100 90100 6082 4570 25 45 1535 10 25 818 6 13 410 3 7 3.55.5 93
( ) 3 15 (, mm) 50 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 2.5 1.25 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 ( % ) L H 40I 100 90 100 8494 77 89 6885 58 78 4869 4161 30 50 2541 18 32 1325 8 18 513 3 7 3.55.5 L H 40I I 100 90 100 85100 78 93 6078 43 64 3656 2848 18 38 1238 8 20 414 3 11 27 1 5 3.05.0 L H 35I 100 90100 82 95 7088 59 79 5070 4160 30 50 2541 18 32 1325 8 18 513 3 7 4.06.0 L H 35I I 100 90100 78 93 6078 43 64 3656 2848 18 38 1228 8 20 414 3 11 27 1 5 3.05.0 L H 30I 100 95 100 7590 60 80 5272 4760 30 50 2542 18 32 1325 8 18 513 3 7 4.06.0 L H 30I I 100 90 100 6585 50 70 4060 3050 18 40 1330 9 23 616 4 12 38 2 5 3.05.0 L H 25I 100 95100 75 90 6080 5070 36 56 2846 20 34 1527 10 20 614 4 8 4.06.0 L H 25I I 100 90100 65 85 5070 3858 24 45 1633 11 25 718 4 13 39 2 5 3.55.5 L H 20I 100 95100 7590 5676 40 60 3050 22 38 1629 11 21 715 4 8 4.06.0 L H 20I I 100 90100 6585 5070 28 50 1835 12 26 719 4 14 39 2 5 3.55.5 L H15 I 100 95 100 7088 48 68 3653 24 41 1830 12 22 816 4 8 4.56.5 L H 15I I 100 90 100 6080 34 54 2238 14 28 820 5 14 310 2 6 4.06.0 L H 10I 100 95100 55 75 3858 26 43 1733 10 24 616 4 9 5.07.0 L H 10I I 100 90100 40 60 2442 15 30 922 6 15 410 2 6 4.56.5 L H 5 100 95 100 5575 35 55 2040 12 28 718 510 6.08.0 LS 50 90100 50 80 4573 39 65 3159 25 50 1840 1332 5 23 216 0 12 08 0 6 05 0 4 2.54.0 LS 40 100 90 100 7088 50 78 4070 40 70 3260 2048 15 40 730 0 14 010 0 8 05 0 4 2.54.0 LS 35 100 90100 70 90 4875 38 65 2851 2042 8 31 220 0 14 010 0 8 06 0 4 2.54.5 LS 30 100 90 100 5580 45 69 3555 2545 10 32 220 0 14 010 0 8 06 0 5 3.04.5 LS 25 100 90100 55 85 4070 2855 12 36 522 2 16 112 0 10 08 0 5 3.04.5 LS 20 100 90100 5580 3662 18 42 626 3 18 114 0 10 08 0 5 3.04.5 LS 15 100 90 100 4065 20 45 828 4 20 215 0 10 08 0 6 3.04.5 LS 10 100 85100 40 65 1035 5 22 216 0 12 09 0 6 3.04.5 LK 15A 100 90 100 5575 30 55 2040 15 30 1023 7 18 512 4 8 3.55.5 L K 15B 100 90 100 4565 18 40 1030 8 22 515 4 12 39 2 6 3.55.5 L K 20 100 90100 5580 4068 25 45 1534 10 26 818 6 13 410 3 7 3.55.5 94
( ASTMD3515 89) 3 16 D max ( mm ) ( mm ) ( % ) 63 50 37.5 25 19 12.5 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 ( % ) 50 100 90 100 60 80 35 65 17 47 1036 315 05 2 7 2in 1 ( 1/ 2 )in 1in 3/ 4in 1/ 2in 3/ 8in NO.4 N0.16 37.5 100 90100 5680 23 53 1541 416 06 3 8 25.0 100 90 100 56 80 29 59 1945 517 17 3 9 19.0 100 90100 5680 35 65 2349 519 28 4 10 12.5 100 90 100 44 74 2858 521 210 4 11 9.5 100 90100 55 85 3267 723 210 5 12 4.75 100 90 100 65100 40 80 2565 740 3 20 210 6 12 1.18 100 95100 85100 7095 4575 20 40 220 8 12 50 100 90 100 40 70 18 48 5 25 012 06 2 7 2in 1 ( 1/ 2 )in 1in 3/ 4in 1/ 2in 1/ 8in NO.8 37.5 100 90100 4070 1848 6 29 014 08 3 8 25.0 100 90 100 40 70 10 34 117 0 10 3 9 19.0 100 90100 4070 15 39 218 0 10 4 10 12.5 100 85 100 6090 20 50 525 319 010 4 11 9.5 100 85100 40 70 1025 525 012 5 12 2.36 100 75100 50 75 2853 830 0 12 05 7 12 I 9.5 I I 12.5 100 90100 30 50 515 25 58.5 100 90 100 60100 15 40 412 26 4.58 : 1in = 2.54 cm 95
3 17 (cm ) D max ( mm ) ( mm) ( % ) 26.5 19 13.2 4.75 2.36 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 ( % ) 4 6 20 100 95 100 7090 3555 20 35 1123 5 16 4 12 27 4.56 4 6 20 100 95 100 7590 4565 35 50 1830 1021 6 16 48 57 3 5 13 100 95100 5570 35 50 1830 1021 6 16 48 57 3 5 13 100 95100 6580 50 65 2540 1227 8 20 410 68 3 5 13 100 95100 3555 30 45 2040 1530 5 15 410 4.56.5 4 6 20 95 100 7595 5272 40 60 2545 1633 8 21 611 68 3 5 13 100 95100 5272 40 60 2545 1633 8 21 611 68 3 5 13 100 95100 6080 45 65 4060 2045 10 25 813 68 3 4 13 100 95100 7590 65 80 4065 2045 15 30 815 7.59.5 3 5 13 100 95100 4565 30 45 2540 2040 10 25 812 5.57.5 3 4 13 100 95100 2345 15 30 820 4 15 4 10 27 3.55.5 26.5 19 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 13 100 95100 7590 55 75 3858 2136 13 25 616 48 13 100 95100 7090 52 72 4060 2545 16 33 821 5 12 20 100 95 100 7595 6888 52 72 4060 2545 16 33 821 5 12 20 100 95 100 7090 6088 42 67 3053 1530 9 22 414 37 96
n = 3.32log( D/ 0.004 ) (3 6) PX = 100(1 - kx - 1 k n - 1 ) (3 7) X = 3.32log( D/ dx ) (3 8) k = 0.70.8, k = 0.7, k = 0.75, k > 0.8,,, 2% 5%,,,,,,, 15% 22% ;,,,,,,,, 10 %,,,,, 0.81.5, ( GB5009296 )11.2 (3 ) SUP ERPAVE SUPERPAVE, (10%, ),, ( 2.36mm ) (0.075mm ) ; 0.3mm,, VMA,,, 3 183 19 3 18 ( mm ) ( mm ) ( % ) 37.5 25 19 16 12.5 9.5 50 100 37.5 90 100 100 25-90 90100 100 19-90 90100 100 16-90 90 100 100 12.5-90 90 100 100 9.5-90 90100 4.75-90 2.36 15 41 1945 2349 26 54 28 58 3267 0.075 0( 1 ) 6 17 28 2 9 2 10 210 97
3 19 ( mm) ( mm) ( / ) ( % ) 37.5 25 19 16 12.5 9.5 4.75 34.7/ 34.7 39.5/ 39.5 2.36 23.3/ 27.3 26.8/ 30.8 34.6/ 34.6 36.9/ 36.9 37.6/ 37.6 47.2/ 47.2 1.18 15.5/ 21.5 18.1/ 24.1 22.3/ 28.3 24.0/ 30.0 25.6/ 31.6 37.6/ 37.6 0.6 11.7/ 15.7 13.6/ 17.6 16.7/ 20.7 17.9/ 21.9 19.1/ 21.1 23.5/ 27.5 0.3 10/ 10 11.4/ 11.4 13.7/ 13.7 14.6/ 14.6 15.5/ 15.5 18.7/ 18.7,, : I, II,,,, SU PERPAVE,,, < 0.074mm 0.61.2, 90100;, ; 0.075mm, 0.61.2, 3 20 :,, LH20I LH20II, LH20I,,, ; LH20II,,,,,, LH20I, 3 21LH20I LH20II LH20I( 3 14) 98 3 14 ASTM
3 20 ( mm ) (, mm) ( % ) 50 37.5 25 19 16 12.5 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 37.5 100 90 100 6991 5871 5265 4457 3750 2535 2523 916 512 3 10 2 7 14 (2 4 ) 25 100 90100 7586 6778 5768 4858 3040 1927 1118 614 3 11 2 8 15 (2 4 ) 19 100 90100 8090 6881 5770 3649 2335 1422 917 5 14 3 10 25 (2 5 ) 16 100 90100 7788 6476 4151 2637 1624 918 6 15 3 11 26 (2 5 ) 12.5 100 90100 7486 4658 2839 1726 10 19 6 16 3 11 26 (3 5 ) 9.5 100 90100 5469 3247 1832 11 23 6 19 4 12 26 (3 6 ) : 1, 2 0.61.2 99
(GB5009296 ), : 3 21 (, mm ) ( % ) ( mm ) 25 20 10 5 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.07 ( % ) 100 95100 6070 4356 32 43 2333 17 24 1117 7 2 59 100 97.5 75 49.5 37.5 28 20.5 14 9.5 6 a), I, b),, AS TM, AS TM, ; c)gb5009296, 5mm, 5mm I,, ( 3 22) 3 22 (, mm ) ( % ) 30 20 15 10 5 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.074 95100 72 82 / 37 50 2435 19 29 / 1119 9 15 69 25 95100 / 4060 25 45 1030 520 / 210 2 6 / 24 (4 ),,,,,,, C,, :, 3 15a),,, ( ),,, 3 15b) 3 15b ),,, : ( A B ), A B ( a = a ), ( ) 100
3 15 : (B C ), : ( C D ), ( b = b ),,,,,,,,,,, (5 ), 0.075mm 2.36mm 4.75mm ;, (), (),,,, ( ) 100%,,,,, 2. (1 ),, ( 3 143 15), 0.5 % 56, 4,, (2 ), (3 ), 3 23 ( GB5009296 ) 3 243 25 101
3 23 ( ) 75 50 35 50 50 35 ( kn) I > 7.5 > 5.0 > 3.0 I I > 5.0 > 4.0 ( 0.1 mm ) I 20 40 20 45 2050 I I 20 40 20 45 ( % ) I 36 36 25 I I 410 410 > 10 > 10 ( % ) I 70 85 70 85 7590 I I 60 75 60 75 40 60 40 60 ( % ) I > 75 > 75 > 75 I I > 70 > 70 : 1kN ; I 2 % 6 % ; ( VMA) ; 37.5 31.5 26.5 19.0 16.0 13.2 9.5 4.75 ( mm ) 50 35 40 30 25 20 15 10 5 VMA ( % ) 12 12.5 13 14 14.5 15 16 18 60,, ; (4 ),,,,, : 3 24 ( E AL < 10 4 ) ( 10 4 < E AL < 10 6 ) ( E AL > 10 6 ) 35 50 75, 3336 (2300 a ) 5338 (2300 a ) 8006( 3400 a ) ( N) ( 2224 b ) ( 3336 b ) ( 6675 b ) ( mm ) 2 4 (2 5 ) 2 4 (2 4 ) 2 3.5 ( 24 ) ( % ) 3 5 (3 5 ) 3 5 (3 5 ) 3 5 (3 5 ) ( ) ( 38 ) ( 38 ) ( 38 ) : a 1981, b 1984 102
3 25 20 20/ 13 ( 13 ) (13 ) 20/ 13F 13 F 13F 13F 13 C 75 B 50 50 75 50 ( % ) 37 36 37 35 2 5 35 ( % ) 6585 7085 6585 7585 75 90 7585 ( % ) ( kg) > 500 > 500 > 750 > 500 > 350 > 500 > 350 0.01 mm 2040 2080 2040 : ( 750kg ) C 75 ;, 75 % I ; I II I ; 2% I II ; a1, a2, ( )a3, OAC1 OAC1 = ( a1 + a2 + a3 )/ 3 (3 9) 3 20 OACmin OACm a x, : OAC2 = ( OACmin + OACm ax )/ 2 ( 3 10) OAC1 OAC2 OAC,, ; a) OAC1 OAC2 (OAC), b),, OAC2 OACmin, OAC2 0.5 % c), OAC2 OACm a x, OAC2 0.3 % 3.,,, (OAC), 600.7M Pa,, 800 / mm, 600 / min,, ( OAC ) ( OAC1 OAC2 ), OAC OAC1 OAC2,, OAC 103
3 26,, 3 26 1500 / 800 / mm 500 / mm 15003000 / 1000 / mm 800 / mm 300015000 / 1200 / mm 1000 / mm 15000 / 3000 5000 / mm 4., ( 251), 48h,,, 97.3kPa(730mmhg), 15min,,,, 15min, ( ) 48h,, 3 20,, OAC OAC1 OAC2, OAC OAC1 OAC2,, OAC, ( ),,, 3 27 3 27 ( ) > 30 20 30 < 20 ( / mm ) 800 600 400 500 400 300 < - 37-37.0-21.5-21.5-9.0 > - 9.0 ( ) (, 1M Pa, 1/ S/ M Pa) 110-6 0.75 10-6 0.510-6 0.2510-6 ( mm ) > 1000 500 1000 250 500 < 250, 4 4 3 3, ( % ) 75 70 65 60, ( % ) 70 65 60 104
: - 21.5, ( SMA) 1. SMA( stone mortar asphalt ), 60 splittmastixasphalt,, 90, SMA, 1991 7 94 SMA SMA, 1997 SMA 100 SMA 1992 1996 SMA, PE SBS 1997, SMA, SBS SMA, :,, 90% SMA 4mm, 25% SMA,, SMA,,,, SMA,, 5 SMA,, SMA 40% SMA,, 2. SMA SMA : ( ), 2.36mm, SMA 4.75mm ;, (1 ), 16mm19mm, 25mm,, 4.75mm 25% 28%,, 105
3 283 29 3 28 ( % ) AAS H TO 96 < 30 13 15 AST M 479 < 20 < 5 AAS H TO 85 < 2 ( 5 ) AAS H TO 104 < 15 < 20 1 2 > 100 > 90 3 29 ( % ) ( 5 ) AASH T O 7104 < 15 < 20 AASH T O TP33 > 45 AAS H TO 789 < 25 AAS H TO 790 (2 )0.075mm 8% 13%, 0.02mm 20%,, 4 (3 ) SMA, SMA 5.0% 6.5%, SMA 5.5% 7.0 % 0.3%, 0.6%, (4 ) SMA,, ( ), 6mm, 0.3% 0.4%, 10% SBS, 5 % 8% ( ) ARBOCEL221 TECH NOCEL VIATOP ARBOCEL 228/ 1 : 106 75% 80% PH 7.51 5000m 250 ( % ) 0.3%
3. SMA 70% 20% ( 11)10%, 2mm 70 % 80 %,2mm0.09mm 12% 17%, 0.09mm 8% 13% 3 303 31 SMA ( 1995 )SMA 3 30 SMA ( mm ) ( % ) 11.2 8 5 2 0.25 0.09 ( B65) ( % ) 0 11 80 100 4575 3050 20 30 1025 8 13 6.5 7.5 0 8 90100 3055 20 30 1020 8 13 6.5 7.5 0 5 90 100 30 40 1223 8 13 7.0 8.0 SMA 3 31 ( mm) ( % ) 13 9.5 6.7 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 10 mm 14 mm 100 90 100 45 65 30 50 2130 1625 14 22 12 20 1017 8 12 90100 5470 32 44 26 39 2130 1725 14 22 12 19 915 8 12 SMA 302010, 30% 4.75mm,20% 2.36mm, 10% 0.075mm, 1994 SMA (3 32) SMA 4.75mm 30 %,, ( VMA), SMA AASHTO SMA (, T27 T11) ( % ) 3 32 19.0 12.7 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.6 0.3 0.075 0.02 100 8595 75 ( ) 20 28 1624 1216 12 15 810 < 3 : SMA, 20mm, 11mm16mm, SMA, 19mm26.5mm 3 33 SMASMA, SMA (4.25mm, 2.36mm) SMA SMA SMA 3 33 ( mm ) ( % ) 25 19 12.5 9.5 4.75 2.36 0.3 0.075 ( % ) SMA 100 90100 45 75 2540 22 30 1832 10 20 8 12 5.56.5 SMA 100 85 100 6080 25 32 1824 10 20 8 12 6.07.0 100 85 100 7585 55 65 4448 10 25 58 5.56.5 107
4. SMA SMA,,, SMA ( VMA), AI( ) SMA : (1 ) SMA ; (2 ); (3 ) VMA ; (4 ) OAC, ; (5 ) SMA 3 16 VCA DR C 4 75 mm 22 % 4 75 mm 25% 475 mm 28%, VMAVCA,, 3 16 SMA (1 ) 3 32, 4.75mm, 108
:22% 25 % 28%,,0.75mm 10%, VMA, VMA 17 %, Gsb, : Gsb = P1 G1 + P 2 G2 100 + P 3 : P1 P2 P3 Pn, 100; G3 + + P n G1 G2 G3 Gn (2 )VCADR C Gn ( 3 11) VCA ( ) VCAD RC ASTM T19 ASTM C29 (3 ) 2.75, 6.0 % 6.5 %, 2.75, (4 ), VMA VCA,, 4, 3 12 4, 1 ( AASHTO T209 ), 3 AASHTO T245 50, 100 AASMTO T166 Gmb, AASHTO T209 Gm m, W, VMA VCAVFA VV = ( 1 - Gmb Gmm )100 ( 3 12) VCA = ( 1 - G mb PC A )100 ( 3 13) Gca VMA = ( 1 - G mb Ps ) 100 ( 3 14) Gsb VMA - VV VFA = 100 ( 3 15) VMA : Ps( % ) ; PC A, 4.75mm ( % ) ; Gsb ( % ) ; Gca ( % ), VCA < VCADR CVMA 17%, 4.75mm (5 ), Va,,, Va Va 3% 4%, 4%, 3.5%, 6 % 2.75, 109
6% 3, 4, 12,,, 3 3 34 SMA 3 34 SU PERP AVE % > 6 + > 6 + % 3.5 4 3 4 VM A % > 17 > 17 VCA % < VCA DRC < VCA DRC N > 6.2 mm 24 TSR % > 70 > 70 ( ) % < 0.30 < 0.30 : + > 2.75 (6 ) SMA, 0.075mm, SMA, SHRP ( ), PG, 3 35 SMA 3 35 DSR, G / sin kpa > 5 R TFO T DSR, G / sin kpa > 11 PAV BB R, MPa < 1500 (7 ) SMA SMA TSR,,,, 5. SMA SMA, 6. SMA (1 ) SMA 4cm 16mm SMA16, AH90, 4% PE 2 % SBS, SMA 0.4 %, 6.0%, 3 36 110
SMA 3 36 ( mm ) % 20 15 10 5 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 95100 80100 3095 2230 20 25 1519 12 18 1116 10 15 812 99.3 85.2 56.4 28.5 21.4 15.9 12.3 10.4 9.6 8.4 (2 ) SMA 6cm, 7cm, AC25I, 8cm AC25I, AH90, 3% PE 3% SBS,,, VIATOP66, 0.3%,, 66%, 33 % 3 37 SMA 3 37 ( mm ) % 16.0 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 ( % ) 95100 72 92 5472 2540 17 31 1426 10 22 817 7 15 711 ( % ) 97.5 84.9 62.8 32.5 23.3 20.0 16.1 12.2 10.4 9.1 SMA (0.7MPa, 60) 2953 / mm, 6.5 %,, 6.3% (3 ) SMA 4cm, 6cmAC25I, 8cmAC25II SMA ( )90 ( ), 4% P E + 2% SBS 5% P E + 1% SBS, 0.4%, 3 38 SMA16 3 38 ( mm ) ( % ) 19.0 16.0 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.60 0.30 0.15 0.075 100 95100 7292 5472 2540 1731 1426 1022 817 715 711 (4 ) SMA 4cm, SBS Caribit, 6.0 %, 0.3%,, 21, 3.3%, 6.93kN, 2.85mm( 3 39) 3 39 ( mm) 19 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 100 95100 85100 6075 2028 16 24 1418 12 16 1215 10 12 810 100 95.5 86.8 74.9 24.5 19.5 17.4 13.1 11.7 11.3 9.9 (5 ) SMA 4cm, SBS Caribit, 6.5%, 3.36 %, 0.3%, 6.4kN, 4.65mm 2.534kg/ cm 3, 10500 / 111
mm, 3 40 SMA 3 40 ( mm) 19 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 100 90100 60 85 4060 2430 16 24 1420 11 17 1014 9 13 811 100 96.8 75 46.8 27.7 21 13 15.7 12.9 11.8 9.4 7. SMA ( FHWA)1994 19 84 SMA, SMA, :, 90 % 30 ; 65 % SMA, 4.75mm 65% 75 %, 50 % 60% 4.75mm 72% 80% ; 65% SMA 0.075mm 9% 11%, 50% 0.075mm 8% 10% ; 90% SMA VMA 15% 30%, VMA, 1996 VMA 19.2 % ; 65% ( ) 6.0% ; 30 % SMA 7 %,30% SMA 5%, 5% 7% ; SMA,, :,,,, 90% 4mm, 65% 2mmSMA ( 6mm) 4.75mm 1. (DGFC),, 15% 30%, : (1 ) : ; ;,,,, 67db( A) 34db (A), 3 23db( A), 5db( A), 20 %, ( 5.3% ),, 020mm 45.5db(A) (2 ) 112
( ),,,, ( 3, 11.5 ) (3 ),,,,40mm 8mm : (1 ), 5, 25% (2 ),, 2. : ( 1) ; ( 2), ; (3 ); ( 4) : (1 ) 3 41 SMA, 2.36mm 9.5mm, 20%,, 4.75mm 75%, 2% 5%, ( ), ( 60/ 70), ( mm ) ( % ) 3 41 28 20 14 12.5 10 6.3 5.0 3.35 2.36 0.6 0.3 0.075 1982 1983 1984 100 7282 2737 1420 1.53.5 100 90 100 5080 2030 515 36 100 95 100 5575 2030 713 36 100 95 100 5070 1525 515 36 100 87 31.8 13.1 4.6 3.0 1.4 100 88 26 21 15 7 5 3.2 100 30 10 4 (2 ) 113
,, (3 ),,,, 25 % (3 17 ) 3 17,, 1h,,,, (3 18 ) 4,, 300, ( ) (3 17), 114
( ) 491 4,, 12h,, ( ) 300,, 3. (1 ) 3 18, Pavebond Special 11, 3% (2 ) ARB, 2% 10% 15% 20% ARB ( 60 75 ), : a) (SBS), 4.0% 5% ; b) ( ), 5.5% 6.5%, EVA 80/ 100,, ( SAC) 1. ( SAC),,, 4.75mm()5mm() LH20I, 3 % 6%,,, 0.3mm LH20II,,, 6 % 10%,,,,,,,,,,,, 75240101 ( SAC) 2. 115
, 3 42 LH 20 II, (10mm 5mm 2.5mm) LH20II, ( 0.3mm 0. 15mm 0.075mm ) LH20I ( mm) 3 42 20 10 5 2.5 10.25 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 L H 20I 95100 7080 5065 35 50 25 40 18 30 13 21 8 15 4 9 L H20II 95100 5070 3050 20 35 13 25 9 18 6 13 4 8 3 7 SAC 95100 5570 3547 22 33 13 25 10 20 8 16 5 13 4 9 3. (1 )0.5mm, LH20I 5%, (2 )LH20I ( 5mm 42.5 % ) ( 5mm 59% ) 50, 3 19 3 19, ( SAC20) LH20I 3 19 4. ( 1) 248km, SAC16, 3 43, 3 44, 3 45 ( mm) ( % ) 3 43 19 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.60 0.30 0.15 0.075 SAC16 100 90100 70 90 5070 3050 22 37 1628 12 23 818 6 13 48 8 SAC - 16 3 44 ( mm ) ( % ) 19 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 99.7 91.1 77.2 59.5 37.9 26.5 19.1 12.0 9.6 7.7 5.5 100 95.1 80.7 64.3 43.6 31.9 22.2 18.1 14.3 8.9 6.5 116
SAC 16 3 45 ( ) / ( kn) ( 0.1 mm ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 4.7 4.9 1.21 1.36 9.411.8 2734 3.6 4.6 70.4 74.9 79.694.0,, 200m ( ),,, 3 463 46, 0.70mm, 1.06mm, 0.84mm0.92mm 3 46 ( mm ) ( mm) ( mm ) ( % ) 1 25 0.700.98 0.84 0.09 10.8 2 28 0.850.98 0.90 0.03 3.3 3 23 0.731.00 0.85 0.09 8.0 4 25 0.720.98 0.91 0.06 6.4 5 31 0.811.06 0.92 0.06 6.3 6 31 0.840.95 0.90 0.03 3.7 7 25 0.771.00 0.89 0.06 6.8 8 27 0.801.04 0.90 0.06 6.4, 200,,, 3 47,, 3 47 ( % ) 1 25 5665 62 2.3 3.7 2 23 5465 59 3.6 6.2 3 28 5761 59 1.0 1.7 4 25 5462 58 2.3 3.9 5 25 4756 51 2.3 4.5 6 27 4961 53 2.7 5.1 7 31 4855 51 1.8 3.6 8 31 4857 53 2.3 4.4 (2 ) 83.5km, 3 43, 3 48, 117
3 49 SAC16 3 48 ( mm ) ( % ) 16.0 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.60 0.30 0.15 0.075 ( % ) 93.7 95.7 77.3 82.4 58.6 64.9 39.2 40.8 28.6 30.3 20.4 23.2 15.8 18.0 11.4 13.3 7.5 9.4 5.2 6.2 4.945.04 SAC16 (22 ) 3 49 ( kn ) (0.1mm ) (g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 9.310.2 3035 2.4202.440 3.84.4 72.375.0 15.3 16.0 9.6 34 2.428 4.1 73.8 15.6 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 10 6 Pas, 40 ( 1/ 10mm) ( ), ( 3 20):,,,,,, :,, ( ) () (, 10 % 18 % ) ; 118 (0.41.2, 1.5 ) ; 1.5 ; :, 0.0120Pa s ; ;
,, 3 50 3 50 (25 ) ( Pas ) 25 ( % ) ( 10-3 N/ m ) ( / ) 0.0120 0.90 30 36 < 3 3 20 3 51, 3 52, 3 53 ( ) 3 51 L M H 60( Pa.s ) AST M D2174 071 0.08 0.5 1 4 510 ( ) AST M D92 72 > 177 > 177 > 177 AST M ( ) D16061 > 149 > 149 > 149 2 % > 191 > 191 > 191 6 % > 210 > 210 > 210 ( N/ P) AST M D200670 > 70.5 > 0.5 > 0.5 AST M D200670 0.2 0.2 0.2 ( N + A1)/ ( P + A2 ) 1.2 1.2 1.2 AST M D70 72, L = 46, M = 88, H = 93 119
3 52 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 710 8595 57 1217 7585 58 C 5 60 ( S ) 5 13.( % ) (160 h) 0.13 0.44 ( ) > 190 > 200 3 53 25 25 Pas (25) ( % ) ( 10-3 N/ m ) / 17.3 1.048 46.6 49 < 3 0.248 1.044 10.2 35 < 3 0.037 1.10 7.5 32 < 3 0.030 1.092 3.2 34 < 3 3. (1 ) : ; ;, ;, ;, : ;,, ; ; ;, (2 ) : P = G 0 100% ( 3 16) GR : P ( % ) ; G0 ; GR, ( 30 % 40 % ) ; 120
, ( 50 % 80 % ) ;, ;,,, ;, (3 ), 0.5Pas ; 0.5 20Pas, : X ; 0 ; b ; k log k = X a log b + (1 - X ) a log 0 ( 3 17) F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 (4 ),, : Pb, 1/ 10mm; log Pb = 1 X a [log Pk - (1 - X ) a (log P0 - A ) - A] + A ( 3 18) Pk, 1/ 10mm; P0 1/ 10mm; X, ; A, A = 4.6569 X : X; i R( % ) ; i0 ; P ( % ) X = i R - i0 P F 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 (5 ) ir,,, ; (6 ),, : a) PR = Pm (1 - V ) 1 + ir ( Pm - 1 ) ( 3 19) 121
: P R, g/ cm 3 ; Pm, g/ cm 3 ; ir, % ; V, % b) : Gk, g; Pk, g/ cm 3 ; V, cm 3 c) : G0, g; P, % d) Gk = Pk V ( 3 20) G0 = GRP 1 - i R 1 - i0 ( 3 21) abc, a, bc e) Gb = GR [ ir : Gb gr : gb = Gk ( 1 - ir ) b ( 3 22) gc = Gk ( 1 - ir ) c ( 3 23) - Pi0 1 - i R 1 - i0 gr = G0i0 X 1 - X : X,, ] ( 3 24) ( 3 25),, : ib = ir : ib, % ; - Pi0( 1 - ir ) ( 3 26) 1 - i0 ir,, % ; P, % ; i0, % 122
,,,, 4 1 4 1, 4 1 4 1 40t/ h 40100t/ h 100-350t/ h 400t/ h 123
,,,,,, 4 2,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, :, ( 45, 4 ) 45, ( ),,,,, 4 2 4 3 4 2 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11,,,,, :,,,,,,, 124
2., :,,,,,, ( ) () ( ) ( ),, 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11,,,,,,,,, 30% 40%,,, 3.,60,, 1969 125
:,,,,,,, 70,, 4 6 4 7 ( ) () ( ) ( ),,, 4 5 4 6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ( ) () ( ) ( ),,, 4 7, :, 126
,, :,,, Q( t) 1. Q = ngj K b ( t/ h) ( 4 1) 1000 : Gj ( kg ) ; n; Kb, Kb = 0.80.9 : n = : t1 ( min ) ; t2 ( min) ; t3 ( min) 2. Q = : GL ( kg) ; 60 GL Kb 1000 60 t1 + t2 + t3 t() ( min ) ( 4 2) ( t/ h) ( 4 3) ( ) = 2.32.5m/ s, :, 0. 51.25min;, 1.53min,, = 1.51.8m/ s,, (),,, 10%,,,, ( ),, 1, 1/ 3 10 (10 ), 10,,,,, 400t, 8001000t/ h 300t/ h, 200t/ h 127
,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 2h, 7 m,,,, 4 2 ( t/ h ) ( ) ( kg) 4 2 ( m 2 ) 3040 500 750 4500 6080 1000 6500 90120 1500 9000 120160 2000 12000 180220 3000 15000 240320 4000 18000,,, ( ),, 35d,,,, 57m, 2030m, 2.53m,, 2. :,, ; ;,,,, 3.,,, 128 4 3 4 4
4 3 kg/ ( t/ h) ( mm ) ( t) ( kw ) HHB25 ( 25) 1200 4800 < 0.5 % 13.6 ( ) 44 58.8 DH NB80 ( 80 100) 1800 8000 < 0.5 % 88 175 LJB1000 ( 60 80 ) 1500 6500 LB30 500 (30 ) LB1000 1000( 6080 ) 1500 6500 0.5 % 1.0 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 130 285 40 100 130 350 LB2000 2000 ( 120 160) 2 200 8000 0.5 % 200 510 M3000 3000 ( 180 240) 2 800 9 500 0.5 % 245 725 L QB1200 1200 (100) < 0.5 % 320 L QB3000 3000 (200) < 0.5 % 600 Q LB60 ( 60) 75 L QC160 2250 (160) 22008000 0.5 % 0.33 % 0.33 % 440 LJ ( 40 150) 4 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 129