FUJIFILM SonoSite, Inc. 21919 30th Drive SE Bothell, WA 98021 +1-888-482-9449 +1-425-951-1200 +1-425-951-1201 Emergo Europe Molenstraat 15 2513 BH, The Hague FUJIFILM SonoSite Australasia Pty Ltd 114 Old Pittwater Road BROOKVALE, NSW, 2100 SiteLink Edge SonoCalc SonoHD2 SonoMB Steep Needle Profiling SonoSite SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite, Inc. DICOM (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) US 8,956,296; US 8,861,822; US 8,858,436; US 8,834,372; 8,805,047; US 8,527,033; US 8,439,840; US 8,398,408; US 8,355,554; US 8,216,146; US 8,213,467; US 8,147,408; US 8,137,278; US 8,088,071; US 8,066,642; US 8,052,606; US 7,819,807; US 7,804,970; US 7,740,586; US 7,686,766; US 7,604,596; US 7,591,786; US 7,588,541; US 7,534,211; US 7,449,640; US 7,169,108; US 6,962,566; US 6,648,826; US 6,575,908; US 6,569,101; US 6,471,651; US 6,416,475; US 6,383,139; US 6,364,839; US 6,203,498; US 6,135,961; US 5,893,363; US 5,817,024; US 5,782,769; US 5,722,412; AU:730822; AU:727381; CA 2,372,152; CA:2,371,711; CN 98108973.9; CN 98106133.8; CN 97113678.5; DE 69831698.3; DE 69830539.6; DE 69730563.5; DE 602004027882.3; DE 602004023816.3; DE: 60034670.6; DE 60029777.2; EP 1589878; EP 1552792; EP 1180971; EP 0875203; EP 0815793;EP 1180970; EP 0881492; ES 2229318; ES 159878; ES 1552792; ES 0881492; FR 158978; FR 1552792; FR 1180970; FR 0881492; FR 0875203; FR 0815793; GB 158978; GB 1552792; GB 1180971; GB 1180970; GB 0881492; GB 0875203; GB 0815793; IT 1589878; IT 1552792; IT 0881492; IT 0815793; JP 4696150; KR 532359; KR 528102; NO 326814; NO 326202 P20530-03 2016 03 2016 FUJIFILM SonoSite, Inc.
1 SonoSite Edge II... 1... 1... 2 2... 3... 3... 5... 6... 6... 8... 9... 9 USB...10...12...14...15...15...16...18 3...21...21 A & B Key, Footswitch A & B...21...22...22...23...24...25...26...26...26...28...28...28...29...29...30...30...31...31 i
...33...34 USB...34 JPEG...35 efilm Lite...36 4...37...37 M...39 CPD...40...41...44...45...46 Steep Needle Profiling...46...48...49...49...51...55...57...60...60...61...63...65 5...67...67...68 M...70...70...73...73...74...74...75...76...77...79...79 (Gyn)...95...96 MSK... 100 ii
... 101... 104... 106... 106... 107... 107 EMED MSK... 108 6... 111... 112... 113... 113... 124... 125... 128... 129... 130 7... 133... 134... 135 8... 137... 137... 138 A... 139 B... 143... 145... 145 ECG... 145 9... 147... 148... 148... 149... 149... 152... 152... 153 iii
... 154... 155... 156... 157... 157... 159... 159... 161... 162... 165... 170... 170... 170... 171... 171... 172 EMC... 172... 173... 173 DICOM... 174 HIPAA... 174 10 ALARA... 175 ALARA... 175... 176... 176... 176... 176 MI TI... 177... 180... 181... 181... 182... 182... 183 In Situ... 183... 185... 186... 233... 234... 235... 237 iv
1 SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II 1
FUJIFILM SonoSite +1-877-657-8118 +1-425-951-1330 +1-425-951-6700 service@sonosite.com www.sonosite.com +31 20 751 2020 +44 14 6234 1151 +33 1 8288 0702 +49 69 8088 4030 +39 02 9475 3655 +34 91 123 8451 +65 6380-5581 2 SonoSite Edge II
2 SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II -- 134 FUJIFILM SonoSite USB USB SonoSite Edge II 3
(ECG) CPD (PUBS) in vitro (IVF) CPD (IUGR) (Orb) (Oph) FDA Orb Oph 4
51 SonoSite Edge II 2-1 3 4 1 2 5 2-1 SonoSite Edge II 1 4 USB 2 5 3 5
2-2 1 2 3 4 2-2 SonoSite Edge II 1 3 / 2 4 ECG 1 2 12 3 PATIENT 4 2D ( ) M MODE M C COLOR D DOPPLER 153 6
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 7
240V - 170 1 2-2 2 3 8
FUJIFILM SonoSite 12 28 1 9
2 3 4 5 1 2 3 USB USB USB FAT-32 10
USB PC USB PC USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB 2-1 USB USB 34 USB USB USB 1 USB 2 USB 11
1 19 2 3 18 4 NEAR FAR SELECT A SET SAVE CALC ZOOM UPDATE PROGRAM B 17 16 15 CALIPER CLIP D DOPPLER C COLOR 5 GAIN AUTO DEPTH CALC FREEZE SAVE M MODE 2D 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2-1 1 2 3 16 4 Gain NEAR FAR PW GAIN 5 AUTO 12
2-1 6 Zoom 100% 7 DEPTH UP DEPTH DOWN 8 SET CALIPER 9 CALCS 10 Touchpad 11 FREEZE 12 SAVE 33 13 SAVE CALC CLIP 14 Imaging Modes MMode M DOPPLER COLOR MMode M M-line M MMode M Doppler D-line D Doppler CPD /Color 2D 15 A & B 16 UPDATE MMode M Doppler D-line D Doppler 17 SELECT 18 Forms PATIENT 13
2-1 EXAM REVIEW REPORT EMED 19 1 2 3 4 9 10 5 6 11 7 8 2-2 1 Gen Res THI PW 2 3 4 14
2-2 5 6 7 8 9 / 10 USB 11 0.5 1 5 CPD SELECT 15
/ 28 / SELECT SELECT 1 10 2 3 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 2-3 1 TAB 2 CAPS LOCK 3 SHIFT 4 TEXT 5 PICTO / 16
2-3 6 7 8 DELETE 9 10 11 ENTER Last First Middle Patient ID Accession Indications Procedure ID User Reading Dr. Referring Dr. Institution DICOM SiteLink Alias AE Title AE A & B Key A & B Footswitch 17
Annotation 2-3 1 Symbols 2 3 OK 21 CFR 801.437 FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 137 FUJIFILM SonoSite Aquasonic 18
FUJIFILM SonoSite 1 2 3 4 5 6 19
20
3 1 SETTINGS 2 Setup Pages Done Reset 1 2 8 3 1 A & B Key, Footswitch A & B A & B Key,Footswitch A & B A Key A B Key B A Print B none Footswitch (L) Footswitch (R) Save Clip Freeze Save Image Print 22 21
FUJIFILM SonoSite 1 USB USB 2 A & B Key, Footswitch A & B Administration 1996 (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HIPAA) (European Union Data Protection Directive, 95/46/EC) HIPAA 1 Administration Name Administrator 2 Password a FUJIFILM SonoSite 2 3 Login 22
User Login 1 Administrator 2 User Login On On Off 1 Administrator 2 User List Administrator 3 User Information Password Confirm 26 Password changes 4 Save 1 Administrator 2 1 Administrator 2 New 3 User Information Name Password Confirm 26 4 User User 5 Administration Access 6 Save 23
1 Administrator 2 User List 3 User Information 4 Save 1 Administrator 2 User List 3 Delete 4 Yes 1 Administrator 2 User List 3 Password Confirm 4 Save 1 USB 2 Administrator 3 Export USB 24
4 USB Export USB 1 USB 2 Administrator 3 Import 4 USB Import USB PC 1 Administrator 2 Log Back DICOM (log.txt) USB log.txt 1 USB 2 Log Export USB 3 USB Export Microsoft Word 25
1 Event 2 Clear 3 Yes 23 1 2 User Login OK 1 2 User Login Guest 1 2 User Login Password 3 OK (A-Z) (a-z) (0-9) Annotations 55 26
56 1 Anntations Exam 2 Group A B C 3 Text Add Text Rename Delete 17 Annotations Unfreeze Keep All Text Keep Home Text Clear All Text Keep All Text 56 1 USB 2 Annotations Export USB 3 USB Export USB 1 USB 2 Annotations Import 3 USB Import 27
4 Done USB Audio Battery Key click On Off Beep alert On Off Sleep delay Off 5 10 Power delay Off 15 30 Cardiac Calculations Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) 79 Cardiac Calculations TDI Walls TDI Connectivity USB SiteLink Image Manager DICOM SiteLink SiteLink Image Manager DICOM SonoSite DICOM 1 2 Connectivity Printer 28
Connectivity Internal Storage Capacity Alert DICOM Date and Time Date and Time Date Time 24 1 Date and Time Time Server 2 IP 3 Display Information Patient Header Mode Data System Status 29
Network Status System IP address IP Location Ethernet MAC address MAC OB Calculations 96 1 OB Calculations Gestational Age Growth Analysis OB authors None 2 More 1 USB 2 OB Calculations Export USB 3 USB Export USB 1 USB 30
2 OB Calculations Import 3 USB Import 4 OK OB Custom Measurements OB Custom Measurements 96 1 OB Custom Measurements New 2 Name 3 Type 4 Save 1 OB Custom Measurements Custom Measurements 2 Delete Last 3 Yes OB Custom Tables 31
GS BPD HC APTD FTA EFW HL CRL OFD TTD AC FL BPD AC EFW HC FL HC/AC 1 OB Calculations OB Custom Measurements Tables 2 / 1 OB Calculations OB Custom Measurements Tables 2 Gestational Age [] Growth Analysis [] 3 Measurement 4 New 32
5 Author 6 7 Save 30 1 OB Calculations OB Custom Measurements Tables 2 3 Edit Save Delete Yes Presets Doppler Scale cm/s khz Duplex M 1/3 2D, 2/3 Trace 1/2 1/2 1/2 2D, 1/2 Trace 1/2 1/2 Full 2D, Full Trace Live Trace Peak Mean Thermal Index TIS TIB TICOB TIB TCD TIC TIS Save Key SAVE Image Only 33
Image/Calcs / -3-2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Units in/ft/lbs cm/m/kg Auto save Pat.Form System Information 135 System Information Patents USB USB Devices USB USB USB 64 USB USB FAT32 1 USB Devices USB Export 2 USB Export USB SiteLink SiteLink H.264 MP4 FUJIFILM SonoSite QuickTime 7.0 DICOM DICOM DICOM 34
3 JPEG JPEG 35 JPEG SiteLink DICOM 4 SiteLink Sort By Devices 1 USB Devices USB Export 2 USB Export USB AutoExport DICOM FUJIFILM SonoSite USB Devices USB Include private tags FUJIFILM SonoSite SonoSite Edge II DICOM JPEG JPEG BMP "Physics in Medicine and Biology, Quality Assessment of DSA, Ultrasound and CT Digital Images Compressed with the JPEG Protocol," D Okkalides et al 1994 Phys Med Biol 39 1407-1421 doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/ 39/9/008 www.iop.org/ej/abstract/ 0031-9155/39/9/008 "Canadian Association of Radiologists, CAR Standards for Irreversible Compression in Digital Diagnostic Imaging within Radiology," Approved:June 2008. www.car.ca/files/%5clossy_compression. pdf USB 35
efilm Lite efilm Lite DICOM USB efilm Lite Windows DICOM efilm Lite efilm Lite 1 USB 2 USB 3 efilmlite.bat efilmlite.bat efilmlite efilmlite efilm Lite efilmlite PDF efilm Lite 36 USB
4 51 1 2D 2 2D 4-1 Res Gen Pen -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3 37
4-1 Dual Update Update Dual 2D LVO LVO LVO On LVO LVO Off LVO 2D LVO LVO (MI) U/R / U/L / D/L / D/R / 1 10 Guide A B C Back A B C Guide Guide ECG SonoMB (MB) MB On MB MB Off MB SonoMB SonoMB MB SonoMB SNP ECG Steep Needle Profiling 46 SNP 65 FUJIFILM SonoSite ECG 60 38
4-1 THI THI THI x/x 49 M (M Mode) 2D 2D M 1 M M 2 M 2D M 37 M 1 M 2 44 3 M 200 4 Slow [ ] Med [ ] Fast [ ] UPDATE M M M M 39
33 CPD CPD Color CPD Color 1 C ROI 2 CPD Color Color Color cm/s 3 ROI SELECT ROI ROI 4 CPD Color 4-2 CPD Color Show Hide 40
4-2 Low Med High (PRF) Low [ ] Med [ ] High [ ] PRF Low Med High ROI -15 0 +15 43 x/x PW CW PW CW PW/CW / CPD/Color / CPD/Color / ROI SELECT ROI ROI PW 41
PW CW 1 D D 2 43 SELECT SELECT FAR 2-74 +74 1 2 D 200 3 43 UPDATE D 33 42
PW 4-3 PW CW CW 0 +60-60 TDI TDI x/x TCD Orb TDI On TDI TDI TDI Off TDI -15-20 -60 0 0 +15 +20 +60 42 4-4 [PRF] cm/s khz 33 43
4-4 Live Trace Live Trace Invert (0-10) Low Med High Slow Med Fast 33 x/x 0.5 1 5 DEPTH UP DEPTH DOWN AUTO 44
NEAR 2D FAR 2D GAIN CPD Color GAIN (ROI) PW CW GAIN NEAR FAR (TGC) FREEZE GAIN left arrow right arrow 2D Color 1 ZOOM ROI 2 ROI 3 ZOOM ROI 100% 4 5 ZOOM 45
SNP Steep Needle Profiling Steep Needle Profiling SNP Steep Needle Profiling SonoMBe 4-1 Steep Needle Profiling 4-2 SNP 2D 4-5 SNP rc60xi / HFL38xi HFL50x HSL25x L25x L38xi / 46
1 2 3 4 4-1 SNP 1 3 3 2 SNP 4 1 2 3 4-2 1 3 2 47
17 25 50 4-3 50 Steep Needle Profiling Steep Needle Profiling 2 1 0-50 4-3 50 1 2 SNP Steep Needle Profiling L/R Flip / 37 Shallow Medium Steep Linear transducer 90 180 48
Curved array transducer 30 Shallow 30-40 Medium 40 Steep Off SNP SNP Back Steep Needle Profiling SNP SNP SNP SNP Steep Needle Profiling MB Steep Needle Profiling Steep Needle Profiling SNP 21 A & B Key, Footswitch A & B 49
4-4 4-5 50
(Orb) (Oph) FDA Orb Oph Exam Exam Type 57 4-6 a 2D b M CPD c Color c PW Doppler d C11x Neo Ven 51
4-6 a 2D b M CPD c Color c PW Doppler d rc60xi / Gyn Msk OB HFL38xi Bre Msk Ven 52
4-6 a 2D b M CPD c Color c PW Doppler d HFL50x Bre Msk HSL25x Msk Ven ICTx Gyn OB 53
4-6 a 2D b M CPD c Color c PW Doppler d L25x Msk Ven L38xi / Ven P10x Neo 54
4-6 a 2D b M CPD c Color c PW Doppler d P11x e Ven rp19x / OB TCD TEExi f a. Abd = Art = Bre = Crd = Gyn = Msk = Neo = Nrv = OB = Oph = Orb = SmP = Sup = TCD = Ven = b. 2D Res Gen Pen c. CPD Color Color PRF d. PW TDI 43 e. P11x P11x f. TEExi TEExi 26 55
2D 1 TEXT 2 Home 56 3 DELETE Word Symbols 17 4 Label 26 TEXT 1 TEXT 2 3 Home/Set / 1 56
2 SELECT SELECT 3 4 a Hide 1 PICTO 2 x/x SELECT 3 4 SELECT 5 U/L / D/L / D/R / U/R / Dual Hide 106 1 PATIENT 2 New/End / 57
3 58 4 Done 62 ID Connectivity Bar Code Auto Lookup 62 1 PATIENT 2 3 Cancel Done 1 60 2 PATIENT 3 New/End / Symbols 17 Last First Middle ID Accession 58
Date of birth Gender Indications User Procedure DICOM SonoSite DICOM Back Type 51 LMP Estab. DD Twins Twins Twin A A Twin B B Twin A A Twin B B Previous Exams Twin A/B A/B Twin A A Twin B B Twin A/B A/B Back Twins Back BP HR Height 33 Weight 33 BSA Reading Dr. Referring Dr. 59
Institution Department ID Beep Alert 28 64 29 61 SAVE SAVE SAVE 33 1 61 Clips controls 2 CLIP Prev/Off Prev/On (1x, 1/2x,1/4x) Pause Left: x x Right: x x x 60
Save Delete 3 CLIP 1 2D Clips 2 4-7 Time ECG Time ECG PrevOn PrevOff Prev/On Prev/Off / Pro Retro Pro CLIP Retro CLIP FUJIFILM SonoSite 2 USB 1 REVIEW 2 List 61
Select All Clear All ID 1 2 Edit 3 OK 1 2 Append 1 2 Review 62
3 x/x 4 Play Pause 1x 1/2x 1/4x 5 x/x List Done USB USB USB USB 1 28 2 Print A A A B 33 1 28 2 Print Print 63
USB 58 USB 34 USB 1 USB 2 3 Exp.USB USB USB 4 USB Include patient information on images and clips USB 5 Export USB USB USB 1 34 2 USB USB 3 Cancel Export 1 62 64
2 Delete DICOM SiteLink Image Manager DICOM SiteLink Image Manager SiteLink Image Manager DICOM 1 2 Archive 1 2 Info SonoSite ECG FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 1 2 ECG ECG 3 65
4-8 / 0-20 Slow Med Fast Line Save 60 ECG Delay 66
5 6 M HR 74 1 CALCS 2 3 74 74 CALIPER 67
73 SELECT Switch Delete 68
1 2D CALIPER 2 SELECT 3 67 1 2D CALIPER 2 Ellipse Ellipse 3 SELECT 67 1 2D CALIPER 2 Manual Manual 3 4 SELECT 5 SET 67 69
M M / (HR)/ (bpm) 200 M 1 M CALIPER 2 3 SELECT 4 67 M 1 M CALIPER 2 HR 3 SELECT 4 67 (cm/s) 70
+/x (RI) cm/s 33 (cm/s) 1 CALIPER 2 67 +/x (RI) RI ACC 1 CALIPER 2 3 SELECT 4 67 1 CALIPER 2 Time 3 SELECT 4 SELECT 1 CALIPER 2 Manual 71
3 SELECT 4 a Undo b SET 67 71 1 CALIPER 2 Auto 3 a b SELECT 4 5 SET 67 (VTI) (Vmax) (PGmean) (Vmean) (PGmax) (EDV) (CO) (PSV) (TAM) +/ / (S/D) (PI) (RI) 72
(AT) (TAP) 106 (...) 1 CALCS 2 SELECT a Next Prev (...) SELECT 3 Main SELECT 4 CALCS 73
CALIPER SAVE CALC Save 60 SAVE Image/Calcs / SAVE 33 106 1 2 SELECT CALIPER 3 14 4 SAVE CALC 1 74
2 Delete 106 EMED EMED EMED EMED EMED 1 CALCS 2 EMED EMED 3 4 5 CALCS 51 75
1 2D CALCS 2 A 1 A 2 a Area Red b SELECT c i Undo d SET e 74 1 2D CALCS 2 D 1 D 2 a Dia Red b c 74 51 76
D 1 D 2 D 3 a 2D CALCS b i Volume Volume Gyn Volume ii iii 74 51 235 D (2D)* TAM TAP VF ml/min * (gate) 77
33 C11x 1 2 3 (mm) rc60xi P10x 2 3 5 7 10 12 (mm) HFL38xi L25x:1 3 5 6 7 8 10 12 (mm) L38xi 1 3 5 6 7 8 10 12 (mm) Allan, Paul L. et al. Clinical Doppler Ultrasound, 4th Ed., Harcourt Publishers Limited, (2000) 36-38. 1 2D a 2D CALCS b Vol Flow D c d 74 2 a CALCS b Vol Flow TAM TAP 78
c d SELECT e f SET g 74 (Crd) (Gyn) (OB) (Orb) (SmP) (TCD) (Art) 57 51 79
235 5-1 EF EF LVDd M LVDs M EF FS LV Vol EF LV LVd LVs A4Cd A4Cs A2Cd A2Cs RVW RVD IVS LVD LVPW RVW RVD IVS LVD LV LV EF CO SV CI SI Biplane CO EF SV LVESV LVEDV IVSFT LVPWFT LVDFS CI SI LV M LVPW CO CI HR HR a HR M HR 80
5-1 Ao/LA Ao M Ao LA/Ao AAo LA M LVOT D ACS M LVET M AAo LA LA/Ao LVOT D LVOT ACS LVET MV EF: M EF MV MR EPSS M E A PHT VTI IVRT Adur dp:dt b EPSS E E PG A A PG E:A PHT MVA VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean dp:dt 81
5-1 CO IVC LVOT D HR LVOT VTI Max D M Min D M LA A4C LA A2C RA CO SV CI SI VTI HR LVOT D LA LV Biplane RA RA TAPSE TAPSE M TAPSE cm MV MV LV AV Epi Endo Apical AV LV Epi Endo D Apical 82
5-1 AV AV LVOT AI Vmax VTI Vmax VTI PHT Vmax PGmax VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean Vmax PGmax VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean AI PHT AI TV TRmax Vmax PGmax E A PHT VTI RA c E E PG A A PG E:A PHT TVA VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean RVSP 83
5-1 PV Vmax Vmax PGmax PISA Qp/Qs VTI AT Ann D MR VTI MV VTI LVOT D RVOT D LVOT VTI RVOT VTI VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean AT PISA ERO MV D VTI VMax PGmax Vmean PGmean SV Qp/Qs P. Vein A VMax TDI Adur S D (Sep) e' a' (Lat) e' a' (Inf ) e' a' (Ant) e' a' VMax S/D E(MV)/e' 84
5-1 a. 86 (HR) 70 M M b. dp:dt 100 cm/s 300 cm/s c. 106 EF 1 2D M CALCS 2 3 67 4 74 5 LV 1 2D CALCS 2 EF... LV Vol (EF) LV (EF) 3 a b SELECT c (LV) Undo d SET e 74 LVd LVs 1 2D M CALCS 2 3 67 85
4 SELECT 5 SELECT 6 SELECT SELECT 7 74 (HR) ECG 1 CALCS HR 2 SELECT 3 74 Ao LA AAo LVOT D 1 2D M CALCS 2 3 4 74 IVC 1 2D M CALCS 2 86
3 4 74 TAPSE 1 M CALCS 2 3 4 74 MV AV 1 2D CALCS 2 Area MV AV 3 SELECT 4 a Undo 5 SET 6 74 1 2D CALCS 2 Atria 3 SELECT 4 a Undo 5 SET 6 74 87
LV 1 2D CALCS 2 LV mass LV 3 EPI Endo a b SELECT c i Undo d SET e 74 4 Apical 5 67 6 1 CALCS 2 MV TV TDI P. Vein 3 a b c 74 88
(VTI) VTI 80 5-1 1 CALCS 2 MV AV TV PV LVOT VTI 3 SELECT 4 a Undo 5 SET 6 74 72 (RVSP) 1 CALCS 2 TV TRmax 3 1 4 74 RA 106 RA 5 RVSP MV AI TV (PHT) 1 CALCS 2 MV AV TV PHT SELECT 89
3 MV EF AV 4 74 (PISA) PISA 1 a 2D CALCS b PISA Ann D c d 74 2 a CALCS b Radius c d 3 CALCS 4 MR VTI MV VTI a PISA MR VTI MV VTI b SELECT c i Undo d SET e 72 90
(IVRT) 1 CALCS MV IVRT 2 3 SELECT 4 5 74 (dp:dt) (dp:dt) 300 cm/s 43 1 CALCS 2 MV dp:dt : 100 cm/s 3 100 cm/s 4 SELECT 300 cm/s 5 300 cm/s 6 74 (AVA) AVA 1 LVOT a 2D CALCS b LVOT D c d 74 91
2 LVOT Vmax AV Vmax 88 AV Vmax VTI Vmax 89 (VTI) AV VTI Qp/Qs Qp/Qs 1 2D CALCS 2 LVOT D RVOT D a Qp/Qs / LVOT D RVOT D b c 74 3 CALCS 4 LVOT VTI RVOT VTI a Qp/Qs / LVOT VTI RVOT VTI b SELECT c Undo d SET e 74 72 (SV) (SI) SV SI SI (BSA) 1 SI Height Weight BSA 57 92
2 LVOT a 2D CALCS b Ao/LA / LVOT D c d 74 3 LVOT 89 (VTI) AV LVOT VTI 72 (CO) (CI) CO CI CI (BSA) 1 CI Height Weight BSA 57 2 92 (SV) (SI) SV 3 86 (HR) HR 1L/min 1L/min 4 LVOT a 2D CALCS b CO LVOT D 93
c d 74 Presets Live Trace a b Trace Above Below c SELECT SET Trace d (TDI) 1 TDI 43 2 CALCS 3 TDI a b c 74 94
(Gyn) (Gyn) 76 51 1 2D CALCS 2 Gyn 3 a b c 74 10 1 2D CALCS 2 Follicle 3 a Right Fol Left Fol b 67 4 74 95
EFW EDD EFW 97 51 235 30 31 31 96
. 5-2 a YS GS Hansmann, Nyberg, Tokyo U. CRL Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, Tokyo U. BPD Chitty, Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, Tokyo U. OFD HC TTD APTD Hansmann Chitty, Hadlock, Hansmann Hansmann, Tokyo U. b Tokyo U. b AC Hadlock, Hansmann, Tokyo U. FTA Osaka FL Chitty, Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, Tokyo U. HL Jeanty Jeanty TCD CM Lat V CxLen (EFW) c HC AC FL Hadlock 1 BPD AC FL Hadlock 2 AC FL Hadlock 3 BPD TTD Hansmann BPD FTA FL Osaka U. BPD AC Shepard BPD TTD APTD FL Tokyo U. 97
5-2 HC/AC Campbell (Amniotic Fluid Index) FL/AC FL/BPD FL/HC Q 1, Q 2, Q 3, Q 4 Hadlock Hohler Hadlock Jeng d BPD Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty HC Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty AC FL EFW HC/AC Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty Brenner, Hadlock, Jeanty Campbell a. AUA b. Tokyo U. APTD TTD EFW c. Estimated Fetal Weight EFW 30 Hadlock EFW 1 2 3 d. Report Graphs Growth Analysis LMP Estab. DD AFI 1 OB LMP Estab.DD Twins 2 2D CALCS 98
3 a b Twin A A Twin B B c d 74 M 1 M CALCS 2 FHR 3 4 SELECT 5 6 74 MCA S/D, RI SD, RI S/D, RI, PI* SD, RI, PI Umb A S/D, RI SD, RI S/D, RI, PI* SD, RI, PI * PI / 1 OB LMP Estab.DD 2 CALCS 99
3 a MCA UmbA b S/D, RI SELECT S/D, RI, PI SELECT SET c 74 S/D, RI S/D, RI, PI MSK d:d MSK 76 MSK 51 1 2D CALCS 2 Right Left Hip Angle Baseline 3 SET 67 Line A α Line A α 4 Line A α 74 Line B β Line B β 5 Line B β 100
d:d 1 2D CALCS 2 Right Left 3 d:d Ratio d:d Fem Hd 4 SELECT SET 5 67 6 74 (Orb) 57 (TCD) (Orb) 235 51 101
5-3 TCD Orb TT MCA TT Dist Mid Prox Bifur* ACA ACoA* TICA PCAp1 PCAp2 PCoA TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D TO OA TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D SM ECICA TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D FM FM BA (VA) Prox Mid Dist TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D 102
5-3 TCD Orb AL ECVA TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D * (Orb) (Oph) FDA 1 Orbital (Orb) Transcranial (TCD) 51 2 CALCS 3 Left Right 4 a Next Prev b SELECT Undo backspace Auto SELECT 103
c SET d 74 57 51 235 5-4 (CCA) Prox s d Mid Dist s d s d s d (ICA) Prox s d Mid Dist s d s d (ECA) Prox s d Mid Dist VArty s d s d s d 104
5-5 (CCA) Prox s d Mid Dist s d s d s d (ICA) Prox s d Mid Dist s d s d (ECA) Prox s d Mid Dist VArty s d s d s d ICA/CCA 1 CALCS 2 Left Right 3 a 105
b SELECT c d 74 (###) 1 REPORT 2 1/x Details Summary 3 SAVE Done 1 Details 2 Delete 106
ICA/CCA Ratio ICA/CCA RA Summary RA RA 5 RVSP TAP TCD 1 TCD Details TAP Delete OB patient Twin A/B A/B Compare 2 Delete a SELECT Delete 107
1 Anatomy Checklist 2 TAB 2 BPP NST LMP Estab. DD 1 Graphs Graphs / / 1/x 2 SAVE 3 Report Done EMED MSK EMED EMED EMED 1 REPORT 2 EMED 3 Worksheet x/x 108
MSK MSK 1 REPORT 2 MSK 3 Worksheet a b SAVE x/x 109
110
6 10 10 6-1 a b cm < ±2% 1% 0-26 cm < ±2% 1% 0-35 cm < ±2% 1% 0-44 cm c < ±4% + ( 2%/ ) * 100 + 0.5% d < ±3% + ( 1.4%/ ) * 100 + 0.5% 0.01-720 cm 2 0.01-96 cm a. b. 0.7 db/cm MHz RMI 413a c. % = ((1 + ) * (1 + ) 1) * 100 + 0.5% d. % = ( 2 (2 ) * 100) + 0.5% 111
6-2 M M < +/- 2% 1% a b 0-26 cm < +/- 2% 1% c d 0.01-10 sec < +/- 2% + c * / 100 % d 5-923 bpm a. b. 0.7 db/cm MHz RMI 413a c. d. FUJIFILM SonoSite 6-3 a < +/- 2% 1% b 0.01 cm/sec- 550 cm/sec < +/- 2% 1% b 0.01kHz-20.8 khz < +/- 2% 1% c 0.01-10 sec a. FUJIFILM SonoSite b. c. 112
AIUM (ACC) cm/s 2 Zwiebel, W.J. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), 52. ACC = / (AT) msec Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward,andA.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 147-148. a - b (AVA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 73, 191-195. A 2 = A 1 * V 1 /V 2 A 2 = Ao A 1 = LVOT V 1 = LVOT V 2 = Ao LVOT = AVA (PV LVOT /PV AO ) * CSA LVOT AVA (VTI LVOT /VTI AO ) * CSA LVOT (BSA) m 2 Grossman, W. Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, (1980), 90. BSA = 0.007184 * 0.425 * 0.725 = = 113
(CI) l/min/m 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 69-70. CI = CO/BSA CO = BSA = (CO) l/min Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 69-70. CO = (SV * HR)/1000 CO = SV = (ml) HR = (CSA) cm 2 Oh, J. K., J. B. Seward, and A. J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 70-71. CSA = 0.785 * D 2 D = msec Oh, J. K., J. B. Seward, and A. J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 73-74. a - b (dp:dt) mmhg/s Otto, C.M. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography. 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), 117-118. 32 mmhg/ ( ) 114
E:A cm/sec E:A = E/ A E/Ea Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 225. E /Ea E = E Ea = E E (ERO) mm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 74-76. ERO = MV Flow Rate/MR Vel * 100 (EF) Schiller, N.B., Shah, P.M., Crawford, M.,et. al. "Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two- Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. September-October (1989), 2:36 EF = ((LVEDV LVESV)/LVEDV) * 100% EF = LVEDV = LVESV = (ET) msec ET = (HR) bpm HR = M 3 115
(IVS) Laurenceau, J. L., M.C. Malergue. The Essentials of Echocardiography. Le Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, (1981), 71. IVSFT = ((IVSS IVSD)/IVSD) * 100% IVSS = IVSD = (IVRT) msec Oh, J. K., J. B. Seward, and A. J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 123-124. a - b IVC Lyon M, Verma N. "Ultrasound guided volume assessment using inferior vena cava diameter." Open Emerg Med J. (2010) 3:22-24. (IVCd exp IVCd insp)/ivcd exp (exp) = (Max D) (insp) = (Min D) / (LA/Ao) Feigenbaum, H. Echocardiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, (1994), 206, Figure 4-49. Lang R. et al. "Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging." J Am Soc Echocardiography, January (2015), 20-28. LA Vol = p/4(h) S(D1)(D2) LA Vol = ml h = LA D1 = D2 = 116
(Teichholz) ml Teichholz, L.E., T. Kreulen, M.V. Herman, et. al. "Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy." American Journal of Cardiology, (1976), 37:7. LVESV = (7.0 * LVDS 3 )/(2.4 + LVDS) LVESV = LVDS = LVEDV = (7.0 * LVDD 3 )/(2.4 + LVDD) LVEDV = LVDD = gm Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 113-114. LV = 1.05 * {[(5/6) * A1 * (a + d + t)] - [(5/6) * A2 * (a + d)]} A1 = (Epi) A2 = (Endo) a = d = t = M gm Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 115. LV = 1.04 [(LVID + PWT + IVST) 3 - LVID 3 ] * 0.8 + 0.6 LVID = PWT = 117
IVST = 1.04 = 0.8 = ml Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et.al. "Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two- Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2:362. V = π -- 4 n i = 1 L a i b i -- n V = ml a = b = n = (n=20) L = i = ml Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et.al. "Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two- Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2:362. π V = -- 4 i = 1 2 L a i -- n V = a = n = (n=20) L = i = n 118
(LVD) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 115. LVDFS = ((LVDD - LVDS)/LVDD) * 100% LVDD = LVDS = (LVPWFT) Laurenceau, J. L., M.C.Malergue. The Essentials of Echocardiography. Le Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, (1981), 71. LVPWFT = ((LVPWS - LVPWD)/LVPWD) * 100% LVPWS = LVPWD = (Vmean) cm/s Vmean = (MVA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 73-74. MVA = 220/PHT PHT = 220 119
MV cc/sec Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 74-76. = PISA * Va PISA = Va = (PGr) mmhg Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 63-66. PGr = 4 * () 2 E (E PG) EPG = 4 * PE 2 A (A PG) APG = 4 * PA 2 (PGmax) PGmax = 4 * PV 2 (PGmean) PGmean = / (PHT) msec Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer s Pocket Reference. 2nd Edition, School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391. PHT = DT * 0.29 DT = 120
(PISA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 74-76. PISA = 2π r 2 2 π = 6.28 r = Qp/Qs Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 70-72. Qp/Qs = SV Qp site/sv Qs site = RVOT SV/LVOT SV RVOT SV = RVOT CSA x RVOT VTI = π/4 * RVOT 2 x RVOT VTI LVOT SV = LVOT CSA x LVOT VTI = π/4 x LVOT 2 x LVOT VTI (RF) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 73-76. RF = RV/MV SV RV = MV SV = CSA * VTI CSA = (RV) cc Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Boston: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 74-76. RV = ERO * MR VTI/100 121
Lang R, Bierig M, et al. "Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography s guidelines and standards committee and the chamber quantification writing group, Developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. "J Am Soc Echocardiography. (2005), 18:1440-1463. Wang Y, Gutman J, et al. "Right atrial volume in a normal adult population by two-dimensional echocardiography." Chest, (1984), 86:595-601. RA Vol = p/4(h) S(D1)2 RA Vol Index = RA Vol/BSA (ml/l2) RA Vol = ml h = RA D1 = (RVSP) mmhg Oh, J. K., J. B. Seward, and A. J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2007), 66. RVSP = 4 * (Vmax TR) 2 + RAP RAP = S/D Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer s Pocket Reference. 2nd Edition, School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 217. S velocity/ D velocity S = S D = D (SI) cc/m 2 Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th Edition, (1994), 1492. SI = SV/BSA 122
SV = BSA = (SV) ml Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition,Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 69-71. SV = (CSA * VTI) CSA = (LVOT ) VTI = (LVOT VTI) M (SV) ml Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd Edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1994), 44. SV = (LVEDV - LVESV) SV = LVEDV = LVEDSV = TAPSE Rudski L, Lai W, et al. "Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography." J Am Soc Echocardiogr. (2010), 685-713. (TVA) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, and A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), 73-74. TVA = 220/PHT (VTI) cm Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket Reference. 2nd Edition, School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 383. VTI = ( [n]) (cm) 123
(AFI) Jeng, C. J., et al. "Amniotic Fluid Index Measurement with the Four Quadrant Technique During Pregnancy." The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 35:7 (July 1990), 674-677. (AUA) AUA ( ) (AUA) (EDD) / / EDD = + (280 - AUA ) (LMP) (EDD) LMP / / EDD = LMP + 280 (EFW) Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimation of Fetal Weight with the Use of Head, Body, and Femur Measurements, A Prospective Study." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151:3 (February 1, 1985), 333-337. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 154. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 103-105. Shepard M.J., V. A. Richards, R. L. Berkowitz, et al. "An Evaluation of Two Equations for Predicting Fetal Weight by Ultrasound." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 142:1 (January 1, 1982), 47-54. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), 880, Equation 1. 124
(LMP) (GA) LMP GA(LMP) = - LMP (Estab. DD) (LMPd) (GA) (Estab. DD) (GA) LMP GA(LMPd) = - LMPd (Estab. DD) (LMPd) / / LMPd(Estab. DD) = Estab. DD - 280 (AC) Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), 885. FUJIFILM SonoSite 20.0 cm 30.0 cm (AC) AC AC 125
(BPD) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. "New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10: (1997), 174-179, Table 3. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 440. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 98. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), 885. (CM) Mahony, B.; P. Callen, R. Filly, and W. Hoddick. "The fetal cisterna magna." Radiology, 153: (December 1984), 773-776. (CRL) Hadlock, F., et al. "Fetal Crown-Rump Length: Re-evaluation of Relation to Menstrual Age (5-18 weeks) with High-Resolution, Real-Time Ultrasound." Radiology, 182: (February 1992), 501-505. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 439. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 20 and 96. Tokyo University. "Gestational Weeks and Computation Methods." Ultrasound Imaging Diagnostics, 12:1 (1982-1), 24-25, Table 3. (FL) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. "New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10: (1997), 174-179, Table 8, 186. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 101-102. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), 886. 126
(FTA) Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 99-100. (GS) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986). Nyberg, D.A., et al. "Transvaginal Ultrasound." Mosby Yearbook, (1992), 76. Nyberg Tokyo University. "Gestational Weeks and Computation Methods." Ultrasound Imaging Diagnostics, 12:1 (1982-1). (HC) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. "New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10: (1997), 174-191, Table 5, 182. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431. (HL) Jeanty, P.; F. Rodesch; D. Delbeke; J. E. Dumont. "Estimate of Gestational Age from Measurements of Fetal Long Bones." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 3:3: (February 1984), 75-79 (OFD) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431. Jeanty, P.; F. Rodesch; D. Delbeke; J. E. Dumont. "Estimate of Gestational Age from Measurements of Fetal Long Bones." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 3:3: (February 1984), 75-79 (TTD) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), 431. 127
(AC) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 3. Abdominal Measurements." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101: (February 1994), 131, Appendix: AC-Derived. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Jeanty P., E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "Normal Growth of the Abdominal Perimeter." American Journal of Perinatology, 1: (January 1984), 129-135. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), 179, Table 7.13.) (BPD) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 2. Head Measurements." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101: (January 1994), 43, Appendix: BPD-Outer-Inner. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Jeanty P., E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth." American Journal of Perinatology, 1: (January 1984), 136-144, Table 5. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), 176, Table 7.8.) (EFW) Brenner, William E.; D. A. Edelman; C. H. Hendricks. "A standard of fetal growth for the United States of America," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 126:5 (November 1, 1976), 555-564; Table II. Hadlock F., et al. "In Utero Analysis of Fetal Growth: A Sonographic Weight Standard." Radiology, 181: (1991), 129-133. Jeanty, Philippe, F. Cantraine, R. Romero, E. Cousaert, and J. Hobbins. "A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Weight Growth." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 3: (July 1984), 321-328, Table 1. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, and Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), 186, Table 7.20.) 128
(FL) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 4. Femur Length. "British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101: (February 1994), 135. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth." American Journal of Perinatology, 1: (January 1984), 136-144, Table 5. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), 182, Table 7.17.) (HC) Chitty, Lyn S., et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 2. Head Measurements." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101: (January 1994), 43, Appendix: HC-Derived. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152: (1984), 497-501. Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "A longitudinal study of Fetal Head Biometry." American J of Perinatology, 1: (January 1984), 118-128, Table 3. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), 176, Table 7.8.) (HC)/ (AC) Campbell S., Thoms Alison. "Ultrasound Measurements of the Fetal Head to Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation," British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84: (March 1977), 165-174. FL/AC Hadlock F.P., R. L. Deter, R. B. Harrist, E. Roecker, and S.K. Park. "A Date Independent Predictor of Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Femur Length/Abdominal Circumference Ratio," American Journal of Roentgenology, 141: (November 1983), 979-984. FL/BPD Hohler, C.W., and T.A. Quetel. "Comparison of Ultrasound Femur Length and Biparietal Diameter in Late Pregnancy," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141:7 (Dec. 1 1981), 759-762. 129
FL/HC Hadlock F.P., R. B. Harrist, Y. Shah, and S. K. Park. "The Femur Length/Head Circumference Relation in Obstetric Sonography." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 3: (October 1984), 439-442. HC/AC Campbell S., Thoms Alison. "Ultrasound Measurements of the Fetal Head to Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation," British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84: (March 1977), 165-174. +/x S/D +/x = ( A/ B) A = + B = x (ACC) Zwiebel, W.J. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), 52. ACC = / (ET) ET = /d:d Graf, R. "Fundamentals of Sonographic Diagnosis of Infant Hip Dysplasia." Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, Vol. 4, No. 6: 735-740, 1984. Morin, C., Harcke, H., MacEwen, G. "The Infant Hip: Real-Time US Assessment of Acetabular Development." Radiology 177: 673-677, December 1985. Taylor K.J.W., P.N. Burns, P. Breslau. Clinical Applications of Doppler Ultrasound, Raven Press, N.Y., (1988), 130-136. Zwiebel W.J., J.A. Zagzebski, A.B. Crummy, et al. "Correlation of peak Doppler frequency with lumen narrowing in carotid stenosis." Stroke, 3: (1982), 386-391. 130
= (1 - A2 (cm 2 )/A1 (cm 2 )) * 100 A1 = A2 = Handa, Nobuo et al., "Echo-Doppler Velocimeter in the Diagnosis of Hypertensive Patients: The Renal Artery Doppler Technique," Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 12:12 (1986), 945-952. = (1 - D2(cm)/D1(cm)) * 100 D1 = cm D2 = cm (PGr) mmhg Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (1999), 64. 4 * 2 E (E PG) EPG = 4 * PE 2 A (A PG) APG = 4 * PA2 (PGmax) PGmax = 4 * PV2 (PGmean) PGmean = 4 * Vmax 2 131
(PI) Kurtz, A.B., W.D. Middleton. Ultrasound-the Requisites. Mosby Year Book, Inc., (1996), 469. PI = (PSV - EDV)/V PSV = EDV = V = (RI) Kurtz, A.B., W.D. Middleton. Ultrasound-the Requisites. Mosby Year Book, Inc., (1996), 467. RI = (( A - B)/ A) A = + B = x (TAM) cm/s TAM = (TAP) cm/s TAP = (Vol) Beyer, W.H. Standard Mathematical Tables, 28th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (1987), 131. cm 3 = (4/3) * π * /2 * /2 * /2 (VF) ml/m Allan, Paul L. et al. Clinical Doppler Ultrasound, 4th ed., Harcourt Publishers Limited. (2000), 36-38. VF = CSA * TAM *.06 VF = CSA * TAP *.06 132
7 FUJIFILM SonoSite 2 10 CPD Color PRF OB OB Connectivity 133
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3 4 FUJIFILM SonoSite 5 ECG ECG 146
9 ALARA 10 (MSD) 1,2,3 MSD MSD MSD MSD MSD 4 MSD 5,6 1. Magnavita, N., L. Bevilacqua, P. Mirk, A. Fileni, and N. Castellino. "Work-related Musculoskeletal Complaints in Sonologists." Occupational Environmental Medicine. 41:11 (1999), 981-988. 2. Craig, M. "Sonography: An Occupational Hazard?" Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 3 (1985), 121-125. 3. Smith, C.S., G.W. Wolf, G. Y. Xie, and M. D. Smith. "Musculoskeletal Pain in Cardiac Ultrasonographers: Results of a Random Survey. "Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. (May1997), 357-362. 4. Wihlidal, L.M. and S. Kumar. "An Injury Profile of Practicing Diagnostic Medical Sonographers in Alberta." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 19 (1997), 205-216. 5. Habes, D.J. and S. Baron. "Health Hazard Report 99-0093-2749." University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. (1999). 6. Vanderpool, H.E., E.A. Friis, B.S. Smith, and K.L. Harms. "Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Work-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Cardiac Sonographers." Journal of Medicine. 35:6 (1993), 605-610. 147
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ECG / (TTC) TTC 150
(MPSO) 8 FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite / - FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 151
Class I I BF CF IPX-7 IPX-8 AP/APG I I I ECG /ECG 8 152
0 40 C 60 C 2 6 FUJIFILM SonoSite 2 153
FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 21 CFR 801.437 ALARA MI TI FUJIFILM SonoSite 0.3 db/cm/mhz - FUJIFILM SonoSite 154
P10x P17x P21x P10x P17x P21x 155
IEC 60601-1-2:2001 (EMC) FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 159 EMC RF (EMI) EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI IEC 60601-1-2 EMC 156
SonoSite Edge II IEEE 802.11 2.412 2.484GHz ISM IEEE 802.11b 16 db (CCK) (DQPSK) (DBPSK) IEEE 802.11g 13 dbm (ODFM) (ESD) ESD ESD ESD 157
ESD ESD TTC (TTC) ESD ESD ESD ESD IEC 60601-1-2 5.2.1.2 d 158
9-1 RF SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II (RF) SonoSite Edge II RF SonoSite Edge II 150 khz 80 MHz d=1.2 P 80 MHz 800 MHz d=1.2 P 800 MHz 2.5 GHz d=2.3 P 0.01 0.12 0.12 0.23 0.1 0.38 0.38 0.73 1 1.2 1.2 2.3 10 3.8 3.8 7.3 100 12 12 23 (d) P (W) 80 MHz 800 MHz FUJIFILM SonoSite SonoSite Edge II IEC 60601-1-2:2007 FUJIFILM SonoSite SonoSite Edge II 159
SonoSite Edge II 9-2 SonoSite Edge II C11x rc60xi / HFL38xi HFL50x HSL25x ICTx L25x L38xi / L52x P10x P11x rp19x / TEExi 1.8 m 1.7 m 1.7 m 1.7 m 2.4 m 1.7 m 2.3 m 1.7 m 2.4 m 1.8 m 2.0 m 1.8 m 2.2 m 1.5 m PowerPack PowerPack 1 m 160
9-2 SonoSite Edge II ECG ECG ECG 1 m 1.8 m 0.6 m 1.8 m 2.4 m SonoSite Edge II SonoSite Edge II Petite 3 m 1.8 m 3 m 2 m 1 m PowerPark USB 161
EMC 9-3 - ClSPR 11 1 SonoSite Edge II RF ClSPR 11 IEC 61000-3-2 / IEC 61000-3-3 A A SonoSite Edge II 162
9-4 - IEC 60601 (ESD) IEC 61000-4-2 ± 2.0KV ± 4.0KV ± 6.0KV ± 2.0KV ± 4.0KV ± 8.0KV ± 2.0KV ± 4.0KV ± 6.0KV ± 2.0KV ± 4.0KV ± 8.0KV 30% IEC 61000-4-4 ± 2KV ± 1KV ± 2KV ± 1KV IEC 61000-4-5 ± 1KV ± 2KV ± 1KV ± 2KV IEC 61000-4-11 <5% U T U T >95% 0.5 40% U T U T 60% 5 70% U T U T 30% <5% U T U T >95% 0.5 40% U T U T 60% 5 70% U T U T 30% FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 25 <5% U T U T >95% 25 <5% U T U T >95% 5s 5s IEC 61000-4-8 3 / 3 / FUJIFILM SonoSite 163
9-4 - IEC 60601 RF IEC 61000-4-6 IEC 61000-4-3 3 Vrms 150 khz 80 MHz 3 Vrms FUJIFILM SonoSite RF d = 1.2 P a b IEC 60417 No. 417-IEC-5140 U T 80 MHz 800 MHz a. / FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite b. 150 khz 80 MHz 3V/m 164
15 15 SonoSite Edge II IEC 60601-1-2 IEC 60601-2-37 SonoSite Edge II 9-5 (AC) 1 93/42/EEC VII 165
9-5 1 IIa IIb III 93/42/EEC LOT "C" "US" CSA ANSI/UL REF 93/86/EEC 166
9-5 (DC) 2 5 10 FCC GEL 167
9-5 STERILE R STERILE EO SN 168
9-5 BF B = F = CF (UL) RoHS / / ("CCC Mark") WARNING: Connect Only Accessories and Peripherals Recommended by SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 169
33 cm 31.5 cm 6.3 cm 4.6 kg rc60xi 24.6 cm 18.5 cm 30.7 cm 10-40 C 15-95% 700 1060 hpa 0.7 1.05 35 C 35 C 30 /30-35-65 C 15-95% 500 1060 hpa 0.5 1.05-20-60 C 15-95% * 30 500 1060 hpa 0.5 1.05 170
100-240 V 50/60 Hz 100 VAC 2.0 A #1 15 V 5.0 A #2 12 V 2.3 A 75 W 171
EMC 9-6 AAMI ES60601-1:2005 + C1(2009) + A2(2010) CSA C22.2 No. 60601-1-08 + TC 2(2011) IEC 60601-1:2005 + C1(2006) + C2(2007) CSA C22.2 60601-2- 37:08 IEC 60601-2-37 (ed. 2.0) CSA C22.2 60601-6-07 IEC 60601-1-6:2010 Medical electrical equipment, Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (3 rd edition plus Corrigendum 1 and Amendment A2) 1 1 A2 Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (3 rd edition plus Corrigendum 2) 1 2 Medical electrical equipment, Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (3 rd edition plus Corrigendum 1 and Corrigendum 2) 1 1 2 Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-37: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of ultrasound medical diagnostic and monitoring equipment 2-37 Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-37: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of ultrasound medical diagnostic and monitoring equipment 2-37 Medical Electrical Equipment part 1-6: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance Collateral Standard: Usability 1-6 - Medical Electrical Equipment part 1-6: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance Collateral Standard: Usability 1-6 - 172
9-7 EMC IEC 60601-1-2:2007 CISPR 11:2009 Medical Electrical Equipment. General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance-Collateral Standard. Electromagnetic Compatibility. Requirements and Tests. - Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radio-Frequency Equipment Electromagnetic Disturbance Characteristics-Limits and Methods of Measurement. (ISM) - 1 A AAMI/ANSI/ISO 10993-1:2009, Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 1 1 (2009) AAMI/ANSI/ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 5 5 In Vitro (2009) AAMI/ANSI/ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 10 10 (2002) AAMI/ANSI/ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 11 11 (2006) AAMI/ANSI/ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 12 12 (2007) RTCA DO-160E, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, Section 21.0 Emission of Radio Frequency Energy, Category B. 118 21.0 B.118 173
DICOM NEMA PS 3.15:2000, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-Part 15:Security Profiles NEMA PS3.15 2000 (DICOM) - 15 DICOM X-Porte DICOM www.sonosite.com. HIPAA HIPAA The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act, Pub.L. No. 104-191 (1996). 1996 104-191 45 CFR 160, General Administrative Requirements 45 CFR 164, Security and Privacy 174
10 ALARA ALARA ALARA ALARA ALARA 2D CPD Color (THI) 2D ALARA ALARA 175
EN 60601-2-37 42 182 3 (ISPTA) 720 mw/cm 2 ISPTA 50 mw/cm 2 TI 1.0 MI 0.23 (MI) (TI) 1.0 MI TI 177 MI TI ALARA MI TI MI TI BS EN 60601-2- 37:2001 Annex HH HH PRF 176
Kremkau, Frederick W. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments. 7th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (Oct. 17, 2005). MI TI MI TI MI TI MI TI MI TI P11x MI TI P11x P11x 10-1 MI C11x rc60xi / HFL38xi HFL50x HSL25x ICTx MI TI 177
10-1 MI L25x L38xi / P10x rp19x / TEExi MI MI 10-2 TI PRF C11x rc60xi / (PRF) HFL38xi 178 MI TI
10-2 TI PRF HFL50x HSL25x (PRF) ICTx (PRF) L25x (PRF) L38xi / P10x (PRF) rp19x / TEExi (PRF) TI TI MI TI 179
MI TI AIUM 182 10-3 TI MI 1.0 10-3 TI MI ³ 1.0 (2D)/ M (M Mode) / C11x/8-5 MI rc60xi/5-2 / TIC TIB TIS MI TIC TIB TIS HFL38xi/13-6 MI TIC TIB TIS HFL50x/15-6 MI TIC TIB TIS HSL25x/13-6 MI TIC TIB TIS ICTx/8-5 MI TIC TIB TIS L25x/13-6 MI L38xi/10-5 / TIC TIB TIS MI TIC TIB TIS P10x/8-4 MI TIC TIB TIS rp19x/5-1 / MI TIC TIB TIS 180
10-3 TI MI ³ 1.0 (2D)/ M (M Mode) / TEExi/8-3 MI TIC TIB TIS MI 1.0 0.1 MI TI 0.1- TI TI TI ALARA TI FUJIFILM SonoSite AIUM TI 182 P11x P11x P11x MI 95% 95% MI MI +18% -25% +0.2 TI 95% 95% TI TI +21% -40% +0.2 +1dB 3dB MI TI 0.0 0.05 234 181
MI TI / / Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers, FDA, 2008. Medical Ultrasound Safety, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM), 1994. Acoustic Output Measurement Standard for Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment, NEMA UD2-2004 NEMA Acoustic Output Measurement and Labeling Standard for Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1993. Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment, NEMA UD3-2004 NEMA Guidance on the interpretation of TI and MI to be used to inform the operator, Annex HH, BS EN 60601-2-37 reprinted at P05699. 10-4 10-5 (23 C ± 3 C) EN 60601-2-37 42 P11x P11x P11x 182
10-4 ( C) C11x rc60xi HFL38xi HFL50x HSL25x L25x L38xi P10x rp19x 14.2 15.0 12.4 10.7 17.5 16.1 12.5 16.0 14.9 7.3 8.9 7.7 7.7 9.1 8.5 8.8 9.1 7.6 10-5 ( C) ICTx TEExi 9.2 8.6 5.2 4.7 (bioeffects) 1987 10 (AIUM) - Bioeffects Considerations for the Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound, J Ultrasound Med., Sept. 1988:Vol. 7, No. 9 Supplement) Stowe (Stowe Report) 1993 1 28 (Bioeffects and Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound) Acoustic Output Measurement Standard for Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment (NEMA UD2-2004) Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment (NEMA UDe3-2004) In Situ In Situ= [e -(0.23alf) ] 183
= = e = 2.7183 a = (db/cm MHz) = 0.53 = 0.66 = 0.79 = 0.43 = 0.55 l = f = / / MHz 0.3 In Situ = [e -(0.069lf ) ] 184
In Situ 0.3 db/cm MHz In Situ 3 In Situ 1dB/cmMHz 1990 MI 0.1 1.0 MI 2.0 2D MMode M MI 1988 1990 1 4 C 1.5 C 7 C I SPTA 500 mw/cm 2 Bioeffects and Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound (AIUM, 1993) 4.3.2.1-4.3.2.6 185
10-6 10-51 TI MI 1 233 * P11x P11x P11x 186
10-6 C11x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.5 1.1 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 24.6 21.7 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.70 z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.23 F c (MHz) # # 4.37 4.36 A aprt X (cm) # 0.64 0.40 Y (cm) # 0.50 0.50 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.22 FL x (cm) # 1.52 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # TIC FL y (cm) # 4.40 1 2 1 mm 7 mm 3 1 0 4 PRF 10417 6250 (a) <1 (b) # / 187
10-7 rc60xi / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.31 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 4.3 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 2.36 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.680 PRF (Hz) 3584 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.29 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 356 1 2 3 4 MB FL y (cm) # # Res 11 cm 5 THI (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 188
10-8 rc60xi / M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 (a) 1.0 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.18 W 0 (mw) 69.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 4.20 z@pii.3max (cm) 4.3 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.69 F c (MHz) 2.66 # 2.89 # A aprt X (cm) # 2.25 # Y (cm) # 1.20 # PD (μsec) 0.620 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.25 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.49 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 290 FL y (cm) # # 1 (Msk) 2 Pen Pen 3 6.6 cm 9.2 cm 4 THI (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 189
10-9 rc60xi / / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 1.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.21 W 0 (mw) 107.5 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 4.3 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 2.22 2.21 # A aprt X (cm) 0.66 # Y (cm) 1.20 # PD (μsec) 0.729 PRF (Hz) 1265 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.07 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) 2.50 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 342 FL y (cm) 6.50 # 1 2 CVD CVD 3 2D //THI 4/ 5 / / 11 cm/ / 4.7 cm/ /342 /3125 / - / - (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 190
10-10 rc60xi / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 2.0 4.0 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.73 W 0 (mw) 291.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 187.5 z 1 (cm) 4.0 z bp (cm) 4.0 z sp (cm) 3.60 z@pii.3max (cm) 4.5 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.94 F c (MHz) 2.20 2.23 2.23 # A aprt X (cm) 4.77 3.28 # Y (cm) 1.20 1.20 # PD (μsec) 1.153 PRF (Hz) 1302 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.43 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.54 FL x (cm) 17.97 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 267 FL y (cm) 6.50 # 1 2 3 mm 7 mm 7 mm 3 3 6 5 4 PRF 1302 2604 2604 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 191
10-11 HFL38xi MI TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.05 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 1.2 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (cm) 5.36 # # z bp (MHz) # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) PD (μsec) 0.521 PRF (Hz) 2127 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.81 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # FL y (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 494 1 2 3 4 MB Ven Res 3.3 cm N/A 5 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 192
10-12 HFL38xi M MI TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 (a) (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.14 W 0 (mw) # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) # z@pii.3max (cm) 1.4 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) # F c (cm) 6.75 # # # z bp (MHz) # # # A aprt X (cm) # # # Y (cm) PD (μsec) 0.263 PRF (Hz) 1600 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.35 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) # # FL y (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 388 1 2 3 Pen 4.0 cm (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 193
10-13 HFL38xi / MI TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.05 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 1.2 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 5.36 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.521 PRF (Hz) 2223 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.81 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # FL y (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 494 1 2 3 2D / 4// 5 / CVD / 3.3 cm /401 / (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 194
10-14 HFL38xi MI TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 1.1 2.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.69 W 0 (mw) 47.7 47.7 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.10 z@pii.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.34 F c (MHz) 5.34 4.86 4.86 # A aprt X (cm) 1.08 1.08 # Y (cm) 0.40 0.40 # PD (μsec) 1.288 PRF (Hz) 1008 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.23 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.25 FL x (cm) 3.72 # FL y (cm) 2.44 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 308 1 2 1mm 1mm 1mm 3 3 7 7 4 PRF 1008 3125 3125 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 195
10-15 HFL50x MI TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.051 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 1.2 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 5.36 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.521 PRF (Hz) 2733 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.81 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # FL y (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 493 1 2 3 3.3 4 MBe (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 196
10-16 HFL50x M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 (a) (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.14 W 0 (mw) # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.4 # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) # F c (MHz) 6.75 # # # A aprt X (cm) # # # Y (cm) # # # PD (μsec) 0.263 PRF (Hz) 1600 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.35 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 388 1 2 FL y (cm) # # Pen 3 4.0 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 197
10-17 HFL50x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.05 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.2 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 5.36 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.521 PRF (Hz) 8233 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.81 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 494 1 2 3/ FL y (cm) # # /3.3 4 PRF (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 198
10-18 HFL50x MI TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 1.1 1.9 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.69 W 0 (mw) 42.6 42.6 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.0 1.1 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.33 F c (MHz) 5.34 5.34 5.34 # A aprt X (cm) 1.08 1.08 # Y (cm) 0.40 0.40 # PD (μsec) 1.29 PRF (Hz) 1008 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.23 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.22 FL x (cm) 3.72 # FL y (cm) 2.44 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 308 1 2 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 3 PRF 1008 1563-1563 - 3125 3125 4 3 7 7 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 199
10-19 HSL25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.87 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 6.11 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.630 PRF (Hz) 1061 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.39 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 478 FL y (cm) # # 1 Nrv/Msk/ Ven/Art 2 3 1.9-2.2 4 MBe (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 200
10-20 HSL25x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.0 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.35 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 6.11 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.630 PRF (Hz) 3079 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 276 1 2 3 2D / 4// FL y (cm) # # CVD Pen/ 3.1 cm /401 5 / / (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 201
10-21 HSL25x M.I. (a) <1 (b) # / TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.5 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 28.1 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.75 z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.30 F c (MHz) # # 6.00 # A aprt X (cm) # 0.76 # Y (cm) # 0.30 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.21 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 FL y (cm) # # 8 mm 3 7 4 PRF 1953 TIC 202
10-22 HSL25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.02 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) 0.70 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 7.65 6.97 # A aprt X (cm) 0.96 # Y (cm) 0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.101 PRF (Hz) 12580 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.58 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 3.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 13.4 1 2 Res Pen 3 1.9 cm 4.3 cm FL y (cm) 2.70 # 4 MB (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 203
10-23 HSL25x M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.01 0.02 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) 0.45 0.45 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.85 z@pii.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.35 F c (MHz) 7.59 6.25 6.25 # A aprt X (cm) 0.96 0.96 # Y (cm) 0.30 0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.098 PRF (Hz) 1600 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.61 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.27 FL x (cm) 3.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 14.9 FL y (cm) 2.70 # 1 2 Res Pen Pen 3 1.9 cm 4.3 cm 4.3 cm (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 204
10-24 HSL25x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.06 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.42 W 0 (mw) 1.9 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.7 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 6.11 6.10 # A aprt X (cm) 0.52 # Y (cm) 0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.628 PRF (Hz) 3096 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.49 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 2.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 7.5 1 2 CVD CVD 3 2D / FL y (cm) 2.70 # Pen/ 1.9 cm Pen/ 5.1 cm 4/ /401 /4167 5 / / / - (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 205
10-25 HSL25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.18 0.12 0.21 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.44 W 0 (mw) 4.0 4.0 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.80 z@pii.3max (cm) 1.2 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.32 F c (MHz) 6.03 6.03 6.03 # A aprt X (cm) 0.76 0.76 # Y (cm) 0.30 0.30 # PD (μsec) 1.275 PRF (Hz) 1953 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.56 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.23 FL x (cm) 3.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 7.4 FL y (cm) 2.70 # 1 2 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 3 7 7 7 4 PRF 1953 5208 5208 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 206
10-26 ICTx M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.2 (a) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 16.348 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) # 1.6 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.192 F c (MHz) # # 4.36 # A aprt X (cm) # 0.6 # Y (cm) # 0.5 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.187 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 3 PRF FL y (cm) # # 3mm 4 1 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 207
10-27 L25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.2 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.87 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 6.11 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.630 PRF (Hz) 1061 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.39 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 478 FL y (cm) # # 1 Nrv/Msk/ Ven/Art 2 3 1.9-2.2 4 MBe (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 208
10-28 L25x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.0 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.35 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 6.11 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.630 PRF (Hz) 5261 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 276 1 Ven 2 CVD 3 2D / Pen/ 3.1 cm 4/ /779 FL y (cm) # # 5 / / (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 209
10-29 L25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 32.1 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) # 0.75 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.30 F c (MHz) # # 6.00 # A aprt X (cm) # 0.76 # Y (cm) # 0.30 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.21 FL x (cm) # # FL y (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 Art/Ven/ Nrv 2 8 mm 3 PRF 1953 4 7 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 210
10-30 L25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.02 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) 0.70 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 7.65 6.97 # A aprt X (cm) 0.96 # Y (cm) 0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.101 PRF (Hz) 12580 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.58 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 3.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 13.4 1 2 Res Pen 3 1.9 cm 4.3 cm FL y (cm) 2.70 # 4 MB (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 211
10-31 L25x M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.01 0.02 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) 0.45 0.45 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.85 z@pii.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.35 F c (MHz) 7.59 6.25 6.25 # A aprt X (cm) 0.96 0.96 # Y (cm) 0.30 0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.098 PRF (Hz) 1600 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.61 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.27 FL x (cm) 3.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 14.9 FL y (cm) 2.70 # 1 2 Res Pen Pen 3 1.9 cm 4.3 cm 4.3 cm (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 212
10-32 L25x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.06 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.42 W 0 (mw) 1.9 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max 0.7 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 6.11 6.10 # A aprt X (cm) 0.52 # Y (cm) 0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.628 PRF (Hz) 3096 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.49 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 2.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 7.5 1 2 CVD CVD 3 2D / FL y (cm) 2.70 # Pen/ 1.9 cm Pen 5.1 cm 4/ /401 /4167 5 / / / - (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 213
10-33 L25x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.18 0.12 0.21 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.44 W 0 (mw) 4.0 4.0 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.80 z@pii.3max 1.2 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.32 F c (MHz) 6.03 6.03 6.03 # A aprt X (cm) 0.76 0.76 # Y (cm) 0.30 0.30 # PD (μsec) 1.275 PRF (Hz) 1953 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.56 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.23 FL x (cm) 3.80 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 7.4 FL y (cm) 2.70 # 1 2 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 3 7 7 7 4 PRF 1953 5208 5208 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 214
10-34 L38xi / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.30 W 0 (mw) # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 4.82 # # A aprt X (cm) # # Y (cm) # # PD (μsec) 0.544 PRF (Hz) 1312 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.79 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 605 1 2 3 4 MB FL y (cm) # # Res 2.0 cm N/A 5 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 215
10-35 L38xi / M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 (a) 1.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.54 W 0 (mw) # 37.1 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.90 z@pii.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.49 F c (MHz) 5.76 # 5.20 # A aprt X (cm) # 1.86 # Y (cm) # 0.40 # PD (μsec) 0.146 PRF (Hz) 1600 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.32 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.49 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 776 FL y (cm) # # 1 2 Pen 3 4.7 cm 7.3 cm (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 216
10-36 L38xi / / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 1.1 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.30 W 0 (mw) 49.0 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 4.82 483 # A aprt X (cm) 0.54 # Y (cm) 0.40 # PD (μsec) 0.544 PRF (Hz) 2190 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.79 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 1.50 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 605 FL y (cm) 1.50 # 1 Ven 2 CVD CVD 3 2D / Pen/2.0 cm Pen/3.1 cm 4/ /393 /2315 5 / / / - (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 217
10-37 L38xi / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 2.6 3.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.59 W 0 (mw) 114.5 114.5 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.20 z@pii.3max (cm) 0.7 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.49 F c (MHz) 4.06 4.78 4.78 # A aprt X (cm) 1.86 1.86 # Y (cm) 0.40 0.40 # PD (μsec) 1.230 PRF (Hz) 1008 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.86 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.46 FL x (cm) 5.54 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 323 FL y (cm) 1.50 # 1 2 1mm 1mm 1mm 3 0 7 7 4 PRF 1008 10417 10417 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 218
10-38 P10x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.1 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 42.2 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) # # 3.89 A aprt X (cm) # 0.99 Y (cm) # 0.70 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) # 6.74 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 3 2D / / 4/ TIC FL y (cm) # 5.00 CVD /8.9 cm/ /2033 5 / / - (a) <1 (b) # / 219
10-39 P10x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.5 p r.3 (MPa) 1.92 W 0 (mw) 34.4 31.9 26.9 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.80 z@pii.3max (cm) 2.1 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.31 F c (MHz) 3.87 6.86 3.84 3.86 A aprt X (cm) 0.99 0.42 0.22 Y (cm) 0.70 0.70 0.70 PD (μsec) 1.277 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.54 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.24 FL x (cm) 6.74 0.92 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 200 TIC FL y (cm) 5.00 5.00 1 2 1 mm 7 mm 12 mm 1 mm 3 2 6 1 0 4 PRF 1562 1008 1953 15625 5 TDI (a) <1 (b) # / 220
10-40 P10x M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.8 1.7 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 34.8 25.7 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.70 z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.36 F c (MHz) # # 4.00 4.00 A aprt X (cm) # 0.32 0.16 Y (cm) # 0.70 0.70 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.27 FL x (cm) # 0.92 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # TIC FL y (cm) # 5.00 1 2 3 0 (a) <1 (b) # / 221
10-41 rp19x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 1.0 2.7 p r.3 (MPa) 2.10 W 0 (mw) 96.1 177.8 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 4.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 1.99 2.08 1.53 A aprt X (cm) 1.44 0.54 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 0.492 PRF (Hz) 6186 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.92 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 6.43 1.55 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 184 FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 Res Pen 3 10 cm 10 cm 4.7 cm 4 / (MB/ / / / THI) 5 N/A N/A (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 222
10-42 rp19x / M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 (a) 1.7 1.0 p r.3 (MPa) 2.10 W 0 (mw) # 55.0 62.1 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 4.33 z@pii.3max (cm) 4.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.43 F c (MHz) 1.99 # 1.81 1.77 A aprt X (cm) # 1.68 1.74 Y (cm) # 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 0.492 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.92 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.42 FL x (cm) # 9.82 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 184 TIC FL y (cm) # 9.00 1 TCD 2 Res Res 3 7.5 cm 10 cm 16 cm 4 THI (a) <1 (b) # / 223
10-43 rp19x / / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.5 1.2 2.5 p r.3 (MPa) 2.10 W 0 (mw) 115.6 170.5 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 4.8 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 1.99 2.14 2.12 A aprt X (cm) 0.78 1.80 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 0.492 PRF (Hz) 505 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.92 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 3.68 9.82 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 184 FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 TCD 2 /THI CVD/ CVD/ CVD/ 3 2D // / 10 cm/ N/A / 7.5 cm/ N/A TIC / 16 cm/ 4/ /300 /3125 /5208 5 / / / / (a) <1 (b) # / 224
10-44 rp19x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 1.3 1.8 4.0 3.9 p r.3 (MPa) 1.94 W 0 (mw) 240.2 251.1 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 173.7 z 1 (cm) 2.5 z bp (cm) 2.5 z sp (cm) 3.35 z@pii.3max (cm) 3.0 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.80 F c (MHz) 2.14 2.23 2.23 2.10 A aprt X (cm) 1.86 1.80 1.80 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 1.334 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.42 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.62 FL x (cm) 29.82 18.46 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 180 FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 1 mm 12 mm 12 mm 1mm 3 1 7 5 5 4 PRF 1562 Hz 1562 Hz 1562 Hz 3906 Hz 5 TDI (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 225
10-45 rp19x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) 1.2 4.0 4.0 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) 125.4 125.4 125.4 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 0.90 z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.64 F c (MHz) # 2.00 2.00 2.00 A aprt X (cm) 0.42 0.42 0.42 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.61 FL x (cm) 1.55 1.55 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # TIC FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 0 0 0 (a) <1 (b) # / 226
10-46 rp19x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.03 0.07 p r.3 (MPa) 0.25 W 0 (mw) 2.9 4.7 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 3.4 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 2.06 2.06 1.90 A aprt X (cm) 0.84 1.74 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 0.511 PRF (Hz) 6413 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.31 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 3.68 13.84 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 4.1 FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 Res Res 3 4.7 cm 4.7 cm 16 cm 4 MB (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 227
10-47 rp19x / M M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.01 0.02 0.02 p r.3 (MPa) 0.25 W 0 (mw) 1.34 1.34 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 1.0 z 1 (cm) 2.5 z bp (cm) 2.4 z sp (cm) 3.15 z@pii.3max (cm) 3.4 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.43 F c (MHz) 2.06 1.83 1.83 1.83 A aprt X (cm) 1.74 1.74 1.74 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 0.511 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.31 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.81 FL x (cm) 29.82 29.82 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 4.05 TIC FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 Res 3 4.7 cm 35 cm 35 cm 35 cm (a) <1 (b) # / 228
10-48 rp19x / / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.17 0.09 0.23 p r.3 (MPa) 0.25 W 0 (mw) 9.5 15.5 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) z@pii.3max (cm) 0.7 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) F c (MHz) 2.14 2.11 2.11 A aprt X (cm) 1.80 1.80 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 1.325 PRF (Hz) 5443 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.26 d eq @Pll max (cm) FL x (cm) 13.84 13.84 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 1.82 FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 CVD CVD CVD 3 2D / 4/ TIC / /24 cm /24 cm 4.7 cm /1157 /3125 /3125 5 / / / - / - (a) <1 (b) # / 229
10-49 rp19x / M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB 0.18 0.27 0.59 0.57 p r.3 (MPa) 0.27 W 0 (mw) 35.3 37.4 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 25.3 z 1 (cm) 2.5 z bp (cm) 2.5 z sp (cm) 3.35 z@pii.3max (cm) 3.5 d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.81 F c (MHz) 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 A aprt X (cm) 1.86 1.80 1.86 Y (cm) 1.15 1.15 1.15 PD (μsec) 6.557 PRF (Hz) 1953 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.36 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.64 FL x (cm) 29.82 29.82 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 2.49 TIC FL y (cm) 9.00 9.00 1 2 5 mm 14 mm 14 mm 14 mm 3 6 7 5 7 4 PRF 1953 1953 1953 1953 (a) <1 (b) # / 230
10-50 TEExi M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.4 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 35.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 2.57 z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.29 F c (MHz) # # 3.81 # A aprt X (cm) # 0.90 # Y (cm) # 0.90 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.28 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 FL y (cm) # # 1mm 3 3 4 PRF 2604 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 231
10-51 TEExi M.I. TIS A aprt <1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 1.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 34.4 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 1.1 z@pii.3max (cm) # d eq (Z sp ) (cm) 0.34 F c (MHz) # # 4.00 # A aprt X (cm) # 0.43 # Y (cm) # 0.90 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.34 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 FL y (cm) # # 2 2 (a) <1 (b) # / TIC 232
Aaprt Aaprt (x) (y) deq(z) z ( 4 ( π) )(( Wo) ( ITA( z) )) I TA (z) z deq@piimax fc FL Ipa.3@MImax Ispta.3 ISPTA.3(z1) MI PD Pr.3 p r @PIImax PRF TI TI TIB TIC TIS W.3(z1) Wo (x) (y) MI / / z 1 / MI MI MI TIB - TIS TIS z 1 TIS 233
z1 zbp zsp min(w.3 (z), I TA.3 (z) x 1 cm 2 )] z > zbp ( ) 1.69 Aaprt p r.3 z sp = z b.3 Output Display Standard 6.4 % 95% Pr 1.9% +11.2% Pr.3 1.9% +12.2% Wo 3.4% +10% fc 0.1% +4.7% PII 3.2% +12.5-16.8% PII.3 3.2% +13.47-17.5% 234
Recommended Ultrasound Terminology, Third Edition 2011 American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) in situ LCD MI/TI NTSC PAL SonoHD2 (SonoHD imaging technology) SonoMB Steep Needle Profiling (bone thermal index, TIB) (MI) (ALARA) (cranial bone thermal index, TIC) (MI) (TI) PAL NTSC Color Doppler C (60) rc60xi MI MI 10 235
(skinline) (TI) (soft tissue thermal index, TIS) (phased array transducer) (Tissue Doppler Imaging) (Tissue Harmonic Imaging) / 1 C TI 10 1538.5 / rp19x L (38) L38xi 236
11-1 +/ +/ A A PG A2Cd A2Cs A4Cd A4Cs AAA AAo abs AC ACA ACC ACoA ACS Adur AFI AI AI PHT AL Ann D ANT F ANT N Ao AoD A A 2 2 4 4 A 237
11-1 Apical APTD AT AUA AV AV AVA BA Bifur BP BPD BPM Bre BSA CCA CI CM CO CPD CRL CW CxLen D D Apical DCCA AUA OB 238
11-1 DECA DICA Dist dp:dt E E PG E:A E/e' ECA ECG ECICA ECVA EDD EDD by AUA EDD by LMP EDV EF EF:SLOPE EFW Endo Epi EPSS E E E:A E = E e' E-F EFW EFW E 239
11-1 Estab.DD ET FH FHR FL FM FS FTA GA GA by LMP GA by LMPd Gate GS Gyn HC HL HR ICA IVC IVRT IVS IVSd IVSFT IVSs LMPd SO (LMP) 240
11-1 LA LA/Ao LAT F LAT N Lat V LMP LMP LMPd LV LV LV mass LV Volume LVd LVD LVDd LVDFS LVDs LVEDV LVESV LVET LVO LVOT LVOT Area LVOT D LVOT VTI / 241
11-1 LVPW LVPWd LVPWFT LVPWs LVs MB MCA MCCA MECA MI MICA Mid MM MR PISA MR/VTI Msk MV MV MV Rate MV Regurgitant Fraction MV Regurgitant Volume MV/VTI MVA MV ERO MV PISA Neo NST SonoMB M / / 242
11-1 NTSC OA OB OFD P. Vein PAL PCAp PCCA PCoA PECA PGmax PGmean PGr PHT PI PICA PISA Plaq POST F POST N PRF Prox PSV PV PW Qp/Qs / RA 243
11-1 RI RVD RVDd RVDs RVOT D RVOT VTI RVSP RVW RVWd RVWs S S/D SI SM SO SV TAM TAP TAPSE TCD TDI THI TI TICA TO TRmax SonoHD / M OB 244
245 TT TTD TV TVA UA Umb A VA VArty Vas Ven VF Vmax Vmean Vol VTI YS 11-1
246
P20530-03 *P20530-03*