1989 2001 2002 2005 300 1949 1988 Gallus Domestiaus Chicken

70 1980 3 1972 1972.. 2000 300-500 30 2000 2002 3000 3 1

5% 30% 80% 2006 20 2001 2001 2002 2005 51 3600 560 20000 3000 8000 2005 160

20000 2000 S

1 2 3 1.3-1.6 50-60 70-80 90-100 1 13-16 1.3-1.6 3.28-3.71:1 6-7 2500 7 635.6 1 7 10 12 13 14 16 35.3 666.4 1107.2 1375.0 1504.8 1593.8 1808.4 35.1 602.9 961.7 1170.8 1275.3 1346.5 1545.8 35.2 635.6 1036.8 1276.1 1393.6 1472.1 1680.1 2

7 10 12 13 14 16 1603.6 3044.6 4206.2 4801.7 5359.8 6539.2 1533.1 2820.6 3819 4344.8 4862.5 5942.6 1568.4 2932.6 4012.6 4573.3 5111.2 6240.9 3 7 10 12 13 14 16 2.41 2.75 3.06 3.19 3.36 3.62 2.54 2.93 3.26 3.41 3.61 3.84 2.47 2.83 3.14 3.28 3.47 3.71 2780-2820 2220-2250 16 4 4 79.2% 70.9% 16 51.3 5.3mm 4 % 16 % % % 1810.3 1584.0 87.5 91.7 5.1 49.3 2.7 1303.3 72.0 1498.3 1289.3 86.1 78.7 5.3 53.2 3.5 1043.0 69.6 1654.3 1436.7 86.8 85.2 5.1 51.3 3.1 1173.2 70.9 % % (mm) % % 1444.3 79.8 125.5 9.6 5.5 62.7 4.8 122.8 9.4 1174.8 78.4 112.7 10.8 5.2 45.3 4.3 86.3 8.3 1309.6 79.2 119.1 10.2 5.3 54.0 4.6 104.6 8.9 % % % 144.5 11.1 385.5 29.6 76.8 5.9 118.7 11.4 298.2 28.6 55.0 5.3 131.6 11.2 341.8 29.1 65.9 5.6 ( ) ()( )

12 16 5% 22-23 1770 30-31 70-73% 93-95% 90%6 98% 68 140-150 52-56 68 320 16 5 5 16 20.3 11.5 14.5 9.8 7.7 10.2 4.5 8.0 18.7 10.5 13.0 9.3 7.2 8.5 4.1 7.5 19.5 11.0 13.8 9.6 7.4 9.3 4.3 7.8 1988. 30

1-2

1 12 14-16 2 Taste 3 Aroma 4 Texture 5 5 6 102

4 14 102 8-9 1.5 7 2.5 14 102 6 ( ) 14 1350 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.2 102 14 2330 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.5 14 1390 1.0 1.5 3.4 2.0 14 3650 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 1 2 73-74% 3 7 14 % % N

73.6 23.9 52.3 102 73.3 24.5 53.7 73.4 24.4 50.3 73.7 24.9 62.0 HPLC 500 Maillard 2- -4-2- -5-4- SHS-GC-MS 1 26-27% 8 (%) (%) (%) (ug/g) 26.4 24.67 1.09 98.6 102 26.7-0.90 91.2

26.6-0.72 86.8 26.2 24.58 1.02 94.9 14 102 9 7 2 9 mg/g 14 7 76.99 67.63 72.31 68.54 75.62 72.08 162.92 146.26 154.59 144.76 155.86 150.31 41.37 39.15 40.26 40.77 40.85 40.81 42 42.39 42.19 43.03 40.29 41.66 74.5 76.7 75.6 71.33 74.01 72.67 65.09 63.75 64.42 65.4 70.95 68.18 42.32 44.42 43.37 46 41.6 43.79 61.25 58.96 60.11 60.64 60.34 60.48 45.84 47.1 46.47 44.29 41.24 42.76 33.76 27.56 30.66 48.36 32.24 40.3 44.34 45.68 45.01 44.54 45.41 44.98 13.84 12.04 12.94 18.06 15.05 16.56 19.25 22.76 21 24.5 19.5 21.99 47.27 46.52 46.9 46.12 46.58 46.36 80.56 77.38 78.97 75.79 77.6 76.7 38.24 38.54 38.4 38.14 37.53 37.83 88.04 87.06 87.54 86.2 86.48 86.34 977.16 943.9 960.54 994.05 961.16 977.6 429.13 428.35 428.74 426.16 424.28 425.21 20

9 9 3 102 0.009 0.014 0.007 0.020 0.150 0.116 0.127 0.122 0.070 0.047 0.053 0.039 0.033 0.026 0.026 0.038 0.090 0.059 0.058 0.106 2.206 2.044 1.991 1.136 0.361 0.310 0.333 0.205 3.081 2.593 2.808 1.564 0.033 0.010 0.012 0.021 0.036 0.027 0.040 0.039 0.024 0.018 0.023 0.030 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.016 0.166 0.166 0.155 0.138 0.020 0.012 0.019 0.023 0.039 0.026 0.036 0.052 0.028 0.024 0.027 0.034 0.042 0.025 0.033 0.035 6.399 5.529 5.757 3.618 0.159 0.130 0.133 0.142 2.296 2.103 2.050 1.242 3.587 3.001 3.252 1.881

Maillard 10 10 4 α γ ω 6 α 20 5 EPA 22 6 DHA ω 3 ω 3 11 mg/g 14 7 (14:0) 0.15 0.06 (14:1) 0.04 0.11 (16:0) 2.51 2.78 (16:1) 0.46 0.30 (18:0) 0.66 0.65 (18:1) 2.78 2.13 (18:2) 1.58 2.03 (18:3) 0.05 0.19 (20:2) 0.01 0.02 8.24 8.27 1.63 2.22 (%) 19.8 26.8

4.92 4.78 (%) 59.7 57.8 11 11 8 5 L- - 5-5 - 1 5 1 20 12 12 12 14 mg/g 2.50 0.29 0.13 0.08 0.09 3.36 102 2.51 0.37 0.13 0.09 0.09 3.47 2.26 0.37 0.18 0.11 0.05 3.36 2.05 0.47 0.15 0.12 0.05 3.21 6 β- 2- β-

30%-40% 1

0 6 35 21 21 25 13 25 2 3 1 5 4 20 30 1

500 20ppm 0.15% 10ppm 60 80% 20 30% 3 5% 13 0 6 7 11 12 / 12.12 12.54 12.96 % 19.0 17.0 15.0 % 0.95 0.85 0.85 % 0.45 0.40 0.35 % 0.98 0.84 0.70 + % 0.75 0.68 0.61 14 0 6 7 18 19 5% 5%40 40 MJ/kg 12.12 11.3 11.5 11.5 11.5 % 19 15 16 16 15 % 0.95 0.85 2.0 3.0 3.5

% 0.40 0.36 0.38 0.41 0.41 % 0.90 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.78 + % 0.69 0.61 0.69 0.80 0.75 1 0 3 24 3 23 1 20 5 5 10 1.3 2.5 3 60 15 30 40 7.5 10 2 0 14 20 5 / 2 15 140 5 1.3 / 2 140 10 2.5 / 2 1 3 23 4 18 1 8 19 140 8 140 1 16 0 14 20 15 140 5 140 10 140 1 3 23 4 1 140 140 140 1 16 1 3 23 4

1 140 140 1 16 1 3 23 4 1 140 140 1 16 140 1 3 23 4 1 140 140 140 140 4 1 140 140 140 1 16 13 17 1.4 1.5 0 6 7 0 6 7 22 23 1 0 6 1 33 2 5% 2

3 32 35 29 32 26 29 23 26 20 23 18 20 37 4 60 65% 5 24 36 48 3 4 4 6 1 2 5 7 0-30 25-30 / 30-60 15 / 60-90 8-10 / 8 7 10 1/2 l/3 9 2

7 13 300 500 2 3% 90 1.5 1.6 110 1.4 1.5 2 3 7 22 1 2 30% 7 20 3 5% 4 5

15 7 20 /. /. 1 6 7 63 740 55 650 8 67 840 58 740 9 70 1000 61 900 10 73 1120 64 1000 11 76 1250 66 1100 12 79 1320 69 1190 13 81 1460 71 1300 14 85 1560 75 1350 15 88 1650 78 1420 16 91 1730 81 1490 17 94 1800 83 1540 18 97 1840 85 1580 19 102 1900 88 1610 20 105 1960 92 1660 4 1 22 23 17 2 2 3 4 50% 3 4 38 10 25 30 15

30 15 5 1 2 1 2 3 4-28ml 14g 30 5 22 25 4 9 6 28ml 14g 20 1 16 1 6 7 12 13 18 19 21 15 20 38.5 38.2 37.8 37.5 22 28 38.0 37.8 37.6 36.9 2 50 60% 65 75% 3 19

4 1 2 1 5 6 19 7 4 1 8 1 1 2 2 3 3

2 1 2 3 4 3 1 2 3 4 12 24 21ml 10.5g 5 48 24 20 4 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 17 18 17 1-25 7 H 120-14 35 H 52 41 17 Lasota 62 Lasota 21 18 1 41 6 - H 120 49 14 Lasota 62 17 Lasota 76 21 90 Lasota 25 110

35 - H 52 120 --- Lasota