32 1 2013 2 ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA Vol.32, No.1 February, 2013 1. 7100542. 7190003. 7121004 100044 2010 3 7 10 11 87.9% Q983 +.3 A 1000-3193(2013)01-077-16 1 1152m 5 1.9m 12km 1 2010 6 ~10 3 A 5m 5m 45 30 A A AT0202 2 2 AT0101 1m 5m 1130m 2 B 10m 10m 2 30 BT1BT2 BT1 1.5m 4m 2m 8mBT2 4m 7m 240 m 2 C 10m 10m 6 CT1~6 CT1 3m 4mCT2 7m 10m 2m 4m CT3 3m 4mCT6 1.5m 4m 110m 2 710m 2 32 2012-03-212012-09-11 XDA0513030241172161 1963- E-mail: songmeihu@yahoo.com.cn
78 32 93 [1] AF7:1 AF7:2 OxCal 3.10 Fig.1 Geographical position of the Yangjiesha archaeological site 2б3020BC~2890BC (95.4%) 2955±65 BC 879 493 386 [2] 7 10 11 56 1 2 Unionidae 1 BT1H1:15 I1) 1 Phasianus colchicus 1 AH12:1 (CH24:1)1 1 AF6:1-2 1 CH24:2 1 BH6:1 2 CH15:1AH12:2 1 CF3:1 1 AH12:3-4 1 AH19:1 3 CH24:1 1 Lm 47.74mm AF6:1-2 1 I3 GL 70.71mm
1 79 Tab.1 Category list of animal remains from the Yangjiesha site Class Order Family GenusSpecies Lamellibranchia Eulamellibranchia Unionidae Aves Galliformes Phasianidae Phasianus colchicus Mammalia Insectivora Erinaceidae Erinacerus europaeus Rodentia Muridae Rattus norvegicus Cricetidae Myospalax fontanieri Myospalax cansus Lagomorpha Leporidae Lepus capensis Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris Mustelidae Mustela sibirica Artiodactyla Suidae Sus domesticus Bovidae Gazella subguttarosa Ovis sp. SC 6.82mm CH24:2 1 SC 4.4mm BH6:1 1 55.09mm CH15:1 72.41mm Dd 9.02mm Bd 8.63mm AH19:1 1 58.13mm SC 5.15mm Phasianus colchicus kiangsuenis Aves 1 CF9:1 I4 125.3mm SC 17.24mm.
80 32 Erinacerus europaeus 1 AF6:J1:1 1 AF6:J1:7 1 AF6:J1:1 i1p4-m3 1 I2 17.62mm [3] AF6:J1:7 1 GL 7.21mm Rattus norvegicus 1 AH12:5 2 AF6:J1:2-3 1 BF4:1 3 AF6:J1:4-5AH12:6 1 CF2:1 2 AF6:J1:6BF4:2 3 AF6:J1:8CH32:1-2 1 AF6:J1: 9 1 CH32:3 4 AH12:5 1 Tab.2 Measurement of the femur of Rattus norvegicus (mm) Bd 7.42mm AF6:J1:2 (Left) (Right) AF6J14 AF6J15 CF21 AF6J16 BF42 1 I5 GL 3522 3443 3626 GL 43.85mm LA Bp 808 784 778 901 773 5.16mm LFo BTr 659 635 604 734 672 12.7mm Bd 705 697 677 AF6:J1:4 AH12:6 AF6:J1:6 2 CH32:1 1 Myospalax fontanieri 1 (AH10:1) 1 AH10:1 i1 m1-m3 1 I6 i1 Tab.3 Measurement of the mandible of Myospalax fontanierii (mm) m1m3 m1 m2 m3 m1 ~m1 AH101 1277 75 1424 527275 508265 418224 1001 [4] 111 63 124 4626 419 3817
1 81 2.69mm ω m1 m3 m1 m2 m1 3 Myospalax cansus 1 CF63 1 CF63 1 I7 4 i1 [5] i1 1.91 mm Tab.4 Measurement of the mandible of Myospalax cansus (mm) m1m3 m1 m2 m3 ~ ~m1 CF63 2787 574 1107 402188 2001 [6] 24 57 97 3414 3214 2112 Lepus capensis 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 11 1 12 10 23 21 11 10 1 18 21 2 2 1 24 20 14 12 18 12 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 9 11 10 6 2 6 1 1 1 1 24 CH5:1 1 I8 P1
82 32 P2 P3 M3 5 CF6:6 1 1023 2033 m3 Tab.5 Measurement of the skull of Lepus capensis (mm) 34.21 5.48 30.02 32.34 28.34 15.63 14.54 9.54 20.61 60.08mm 16.34mmm3-34.71mm 17.94mm 35.41mm CH5:5 1 GL 10.42mm CF6:11 1 GLP 10.54mm LG 6.9mm BG 9.48mm AH19:2 1 GL 81.92mm Bp15.2mm Bd 9.27mm CF6:18 1 S AH23:15 1 GL 84.71mm Bp 6.18mm Bd 8.15mm CH5:33 1 GL 73mm LA 10.1mm LFo 16.1mm CF6:31 1 Canis familiaris 1 CH15:12) 1 CH15:13 1 CH15:14-15 1 CH15:16-17 1 CH15:18-19 1 CH15:20 1 CH15:21 1 CH15:22 1 CH15:23 11 CH15:24-34 CP2-M2 P3 -M2 1 c p1p4-m2 cp2p4 -m2 1 AH25:6 1 AH19:8 cp3-m2 p2p4
1 83 -m2 1 AH19:9 1 AH19:10-11 1 AH19:12 1 AH19:13 1 AH19:14 1 AH19:15-16 1 CH29:2 cp4 1 AH25:3-1 2 3 BH1:15 1 BH1:16 1 BH1:17 1 BH1:4 1 BH1:5-6 1 CF6:43 1 CF6:44 1 CH24:20 1 BH1:7-8 1 CH4:10 1 BF4:5 5 CH15:12 1 6 7 Tab.6 Measurement of the skull of Canis familiaris (mm) CH1512 AH198 AH255 [7] 16055 16944 22482532 15166 1432 7591 8276 10181223 5095 5504 5363 708830 8133 8674 8443 9501072 5638 5920 6211 710813 5528 6061 6057 1693 1723 1672 4344 4686 4732 P4 1827905 179293 1771849 17185 M1 1171487 12191522 12061455 M2 675904 719924 633937 3232 3501 1806 1874 1464 1519 9028 12401481 3046 2951 311 350475 5546 5887 6199 3096 3061 3154 3277 3332 3318 529 5429 6318 730961
84 32 [9] [10] 1 X03 8 6 7 7 Tab.7 Measurement of mandibles of Canis familiaris (mm) AH1919 AH255 [8] Id 12624 12145 Id 12488 12087 135165 109 10892 10874 10805 p1m3 6843 6805 7181 p2m3 6386 6202 3305 3162 p1p4 3616 3574 p2p4 3123 317 m1 1968763 188679 2024/ m2 878615 755615 4834 5332 P4 p1-m3 Mustela sibirica 1 CH3:1 1 CH3:2 1 CH15:2 1 CH15:3 1 CH15:4 1 CH15:5 2 CH3:1 I2I3C P3M1 I2P3-P4M1 1 I9 8 M1 8 CH3:2 p2-m1 p3-m2 1 I9 m2 -Id 35.32mm -Id 34.8mm -Id 34.02mmp2- m2 17.75mm 8.27/2.67mm CH15:2 p4-m1 1 p4 7.17/2.8mm CH15:3 1
1 85 Tab.8 Measurement of the skull of Mustela sibirica (mm) [11] [12] CT3H31 BH351 BH291 3386 311321 285375 329 1444 121131 11215 128 129 16311218 171189 175215 181076 26335 29 2246 198209 1923 206 21 35.33mm Bd 9.99mm CH15:4 1 35.64mm CH15:5 1 38.03mm 4 CH15:2-5 Sus domesticus 1 AF5:2 1 1 AF13:J:1 1 (AH25:1) / 1 6 14 1 (AH25:2) / / / 1 108 44 1 (AH25:3-2) 2 3 AH25:3-1 AH25:3-2 I12 1 1 5 2 1 (AH25:4) / / / 1 88 56 95
86 32 9 Tab.9 Statistics of pig bones from other sites MNI AH12 3 1 1 1 6 1 1 AH17 1 1 2 1 AH19 6 1 1 1 9 1 BT1H1 1 1 2 1 BT1H3 1 1 1 1 4 1 BT1H6 1 1 2 1 BT1H9 1 1 1 CH4 1 1 1 CT1H14 1 1 2 1 CH20 1 1 2 1 CH24 1 1 1 3 1 1 CH32 1 1 1 CH45 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 CF2 1 1 2 1 CF3 1 1 1 CF6 1 1 1 CF6J2 1 1 1 CF7 9 1 1 1 12 1 18 2 1 3 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 57 2 19 1 (AH25: 5) 1 / / / 3 94 36 1 (BH1:1) 1 2 5 1 2 1 10 8 9 15 12 12 11
1 87 10 Tab.10 Age and sex of pigs, arranged by the eruption/wear stages of mandibular teeth m1 m2 m1 m2 m3 p4 Dp4 mm mm mm mm mm mm BH19 Dp3Dp4 a BT1H31 m1m2m3 j 12 1709 111 1179 CH202 cdp3m2 c 2271 1353 1401 CF74 Dp4 d AH1918 i2i3cp3p4m2 e V c 2154 1322 1399 AH1267 i1i2c AH252 i1i2dp1dp4m1 a e 1697 839 1011 i1i2dp2dp4m1 AH2532 i3cdp2dp4m1 d C f 1739 1003 1114 i3cdp2dp4m1 AH254 Dp3Dp4m1 12 d Dp2Dp4m1 AH255 i1i2cdp1dp4 E d i1i2cdp1dp4 CV E12 12U [13] 10 119 2 6666 33332 [14] m2 m2 m2 2378 m2 2436 m2 2338 m2 2320 AH25 AH25:3-28~9 4-6 AH25:26 AH25:1AH25:45~6 AH25:54~5 [15] Gazella subguttarosa 1 AF7:2 1 AF:2 1 I10 5.77 2.38cm
88 32 Ovis sp 1 CF3J1:12 1 CF6:46 1 CF3J1:12 1 I11 [16] 11 Tab.11 Age distributions of pigs from the Yangjiesha site 04 1 1 1111% 46 3 1 4 4444% 612 1 1 1111% 1218 1 1 1111% 1824 2 2 2222% 2 4 3 9 100% GLI 30.61mm GLm 29.41mm DI 16.98mm Dm 16.56mm Bd 18.47mm [17] [18] 3 3.1 13 10 1 3 1 2 3 12 3.2
1 89 Plate I Animal bones from the Yangjiesha site 1 UnionidaeT1H1:152 Erinacerus europaeusaf6:j1:12a- 2b- 3. Phasianus colchicusaf6:1-24 AvesCF9:15 Rattus norvegicusaf6:j1:6 Myospalax fontanieriah10:16a- 6b- 7 Myospalax cansuscf6:37a- 7b- 8. Lepus capensisch5:1 9 Mustela sibiricact3h3:1, 210 Capreolus capreolusaf7:2 11 Ovis sp.cf3j1:1212. Sus domesticaah25:3-2
90 32 AH25 5 2 30km AH1 22 10 [19] 2 AH25 6:, Fig.2 Distributing map of animal bones in AH25 3.3 44% 56% 10 12 Tab.12 Percentage of edible animals MW N Nkg 24 52 24 28 2kg 50 1kg 5 11 50 59 20kg 50 10kg 15 33 750 879 70kg 70 50kg 1 2 125 15 25kg 50 125kg 1 2 17 2 425kg 40 17kg 46 100 8535 1001
1 91 10 87.9 ( ) ( ) 24 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 14 CF6:1-2 CH24:2 A 3.4.3 AF7:2 1 I11 5.77 2.38cm CH50:1 1 [20] [1] [J]201165363 [2] [M]2007 [3] [J]200567284 [4] [J]2008273232348 [5] [M]1995187189 [6] [J]2008273232348 [7] [M]1987174186 [8] [M]1987174186
92 32 [9] [A] [R]1988504538 [10] [A] [R] 2005355367 [11] [M]1987174186 [12] [J]200567284 [13] [J]200714861 [14] [A] [C] 2010117 [15] [A] [C]2010125132 [16] Boessneck J. Osteological differences between sheep (Ovis aries Linné) and goat (Capra hircus Linné) [A]. In Science in Archaeology. A Survey of Progress and Research(2nd edition). New York: Praeger Publishing, 1970, 331-358 [17] [A]1997 [R] [18] [A] [C] 2010128 [19] [J]201165363 [20] [J]201167071 Research on Faunal Remains from the Yangjiesha Site in Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province HU Song-mei 1, SUN Zhou-yong 1, YANG Li-ping 1, KANG Ning-wu 2, YANG Miao-miao 3, LI Xiao-qiang 4 (1. Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi an 710054; 2.Yulin City Cultural Relics and Archaeology Exploration Team, Yunlin 719000; 3. College of Veterinary Medicine in Northwest A&F University,2009 Session Master,Yangling 712100; 4. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044) Abstract: This article focuses on the identification and analysis of faunal remains unearthed from the Yangjiesha Neolithic site at Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province, in 2010. These faunal remains were recovered from archaeological features of the Late Yangshao Period, including ash pits, house floors and storage pits. At least 13 species such as mussels, birds, hedgehogs, pheasants, sewer rats, Myospalax fontanieri, Myospalax cansus, Siberian weasels, dogs, rabbits, domestic pigs, goitred gazelle and sheep, were identified. The analysis of these faunal remains indicate that the climate of the Late Yangshao Period was better than today with extensive grasslands present around the site, which deteriorated with desertification. Based on MNI, pigs comprised 87.9% of the faunal remains showing that the consumption of pigs played an important role in the subsistence system. Except for domestic animals, hunting wild animals was one of the main sources for human meat consumption. Keywords: Hengshan County; Yangjiesha Neolithic; Late Yangshao; Faunal remains