)
(CIP) 2002.3 ISBN 7-301-00524-5 /. 2. :,... - - -.1512. 072 CIP (2001) 083391 : ( ) : : : ISBN 7-301-00524-5/ I 0102 : : 100871 : http: cbs.pku.edu.cn : 62752015 62754140 62752032 : zpup@pup.pku.edu.cn : 82871385 : : : 890 1240 A5 12. 75 360 2002 3 1 2002 3 1 : 20. 00
1917,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ; 19,,,, 17
2,,,,, 18 19,,,,,,,,, 18,,,,,, 17 18,,,,,,,,,,,, 19 18 19,
3,,,19,,,,,, 1815,,,,, 1817,,, 1820,,, 20,, 1823,,,,,,, ( 1824 ), (1823) (1824) :,,, :, 19 20
4,,1825,,,,, 1828,,,,, ( 1833 ), ;,,,,, ( 1833 ),,,,,,, 1837,,, 1837
5,,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,,, 19 30 40, 40,,,,1839,,, (2001 ),, :, 30, 40 30 40,, 1835,, 19, :, 2,, 2001, 337
6,,, 19,,,,, 20,,, 30 40,,,,, 1 9,, :,,, :,,, 19 60 70,,, :, :,,2000, 227
7,,, 21,,,,,,, 2001 9 6
,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 19,
9,,, ( 1968 ) 19,,, ;,, 1988 3
( 1 ) ( 8 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) (10) 18 (14) 18 (14) 18 (24) 19 (37) (37) (41) (59) (59) (62) (68) (73) (74) (77) (78) (87) ( 118) ( 138) ( 149) ( 154)
2 ( 158) ( 162) ( 166) ( 175) ( 175) ( 214) 40 ( 221) ( 223) ( 238) ( 248) ( 258) ( 258) ( 261) ( 283) ( 287) 50 ( 287) ( 288) ( 296) ( 312) ( 315) ( 324) ( 325) 40 ( 327) 50 60 ( 330) 70 ( 340) ( 352) ( 352) ( 357) ( 358) ( 361)
3 ( 365) ( 369) ( 376) ( 388)
,,,,,,, 18-19 30 40, ( ) ( ) ( 1934 ) :,.,., 1954,.3 ( 988 ) ( )
2,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, :!,,,, :,!,,,,,,, ( ) ()
3,,,,,, 19 :,!,,,, ( ) (, ) (, ) ( - ),,,,,,,
4,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,,, ;
5 :,, :,,,,, ( ),, :,, ;,, ( ) ( ),,, ( ),,, ;,
6,,, :,, ;,!,,,,, :,, :,,, ( ), ( ),,,
7 ) ( ),, 1327,,,, 16 ( ) 17 ( ) 1812 ( ),,,,,,,, :,, :, : ; 16,,,,,,
8,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, :,,, ;,,,,,
9,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,,.,,,,,,, :,,,, 19,,
10,, 19 9, 11, 12, 1185 1187 12,,, : :,,, 11,,,,,1983, 11
11,,,1184,,,,,,,,,,, : :, :, ; :,,!,,,1983, 18, 11
12 :,,,,,!,,,,!,???,?,, :,,,,,1983, 16, 18, 24 25
13 :,,,,,,,,,,, 12,,, 1856,, : ( 1744 1817), 1812, 12 19 18,,,,,,1983, 29,, 1971, 29, 23
18 18,, ( ),, ( 1681 1734 ), ( ), 18 30, ( ) ( 1682 1725 ), (, 1821 ),,,,, :,, ( ),
18 15 18,,, 18 17,,,,,, 17,,, (.. 1708 1744 ) (, 1726),,, ( ),, ( 65 8 ) :...2,.1948,.732 ( 1636 1711 ), ( 60? 127?),,
16, :,,, 18 30,,, 1830 : ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1762,,,,, :. :.1972,.29
18 17,,, 30 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (.., 1703 1769 ) (,1725),,, 1728 ( ),, 18, :,.1,.60,.1968..,,.1958
18, ( ), 1734,, ( ) ( ),, :, 1735 ( ),,, ( 1734 ), 1735 ( ),, 17 18,,, 1752, ( ),,...3,, 1849,.650 ( ), ( 522? 442 ), 17 ( 1473 1543 ),
18 19, 1753, ( ), 145, 10 1766 ( ),,,, 19,, ( ) (.., 1711 1765 ), 18 40, ( 1748) : ;, (, 1757 ) (, 1757 ),,,,,,.253 ( 1651 1715 )..,.11,.,..1949, ( 106 43 ),
20 (, 1739 ),,,,,,, ( ),, ( 1739 ), : ;, XV III,., 1956.152,, 1812
18 21, :,!,,,,,,,,,,, (,1747 1762),, ; :, ;, ( 550? 465?),
22, 1741,, 1747 ( ),,,,,,,, : ; 1745 ( ) :!,,,,
18 23, :,, 18 40 50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1971, 20, 19
24,,,, 19,,,,,, 18 (.., 1718 1777 ) 18 1747 (, 1747),, :,,,, 1755, 1747 ( ),,,,,,,, 1963, 3, 631, 632
18 25 ), ( ),,,, 60 (.., 1733 1807 ), (.., 1728 1778 ) (.., 1743 1803 ),,,,1762 ( ) ( 19 ( ), ( ) ( ) ( 1779) (, 1775 ),,, ( 1778 1783 ),,,, 70 :. :.1972,.1,.73
26.. 1743 1816 ) 18 ( 1762 1796 ),,,,,, 1783, ( ),, :,!,
18 27, :,,, ; ;,, 30 50, : :, :! 1782,,, 1954, 136 : ( 1808 ),.1933
28 ;,, ;, ;,,, :,!,,, ( 1780 ) ( 1794 ) :, : ;!! ;,,, 1954, 140
18 29, :,, :,,, ; :!,,, :,,, 1793 6 1794 7,,
30,, (,1779 ),, (. 1807),,, (.., 1749 1802 ) ( 1790 ),,,,, 1982,, 212
18 31, :, ( ), 18,,,, : ; ; ; : :,,,!,,,, 1982,, 220, 224
32,!,,,,, 18 19,,, : (, 1798 1799) (,,1800 1802) 1801 ( ),, 1790 1791 : :??? :,,,,
18 33,, (.. 1766 1826 ) 80 (1751 1792 ), 1787 1788 ( 1729 1781 ) 1789 1790,, (, 1792 ), 1813,,, 18 90,,
34 :,,,, ;,,,, :,,,,,, ( 1794 ) 1797, ( ) :, ( 1796), 1789 ( ),, 1800 ( ),,,.249..,.,.,.-., 1949,
18 35,, :,,, (.., 1760 1837 ),, ( 1795),, :,,,,,, 1963, 3, 522
36?!! (.., 1757 1823 ) (.., 1770 1830 ),,, 1983, 6
19,,,, 1803 1804 1802, 19 19,, :,,,,,,,, :,
38, 1813, 1820, :,,, ; 18,,,,, ;, 20,, 20 30,,, 1820 ; ;,,, :, :,,,,, 1963, 3, 521 ( 1716 1771 ),
19 39, ;,,,, ;,,,, 18 18 19 ( 1736 1796 ),,, :.. 1834 1841,.3,.1948,.217,, 1980, 369 ( 1683 1765 ),
40 18 19,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 19 1812 1814,, 1816,, 19 :,, :,, 1971, 32, 51 :.. XIX,., 1960,.65
19 41,,,,,,,,,,,,, (.., 1783 1852 ),, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) :
42, :,,,, 1805,,, 1811,,, 1802 ( ) :...,.1955,.190.,
19 43,, 1807 ( ), ( ),,,,, : ; ;?,! (, 1811 ),,,,,,!, :,,, 1963, 3, 269
44, ; ;! :? ( ) :,,,,, ( ) 1808 1813 ( ),,,,,, :,, 1984, 6, 76
19 45,,,,,,, :,,,, : ( 1809), (, 1810 ) 1810, (, 1808 ) : ;, : : ;,
46 1817, 1823 (, 1810 1811 ),,,,, 1811 :, 1811, ( Sehnsucht ) ( ), :, 1812,, ( ),,,,, :, :, 1814, ( )
19 47 : ; : ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,
48,, ),,,,, 1815,,, 1823,, 1823 3 19 ( 19-1823 ) ( 1823 ),, :,,, ( 1817 ) ( 1814 1817) ( 1818 ) ( 1818 ) 20,.1955,.192 :...,.,,, 1984, 6, 78
19 49 ( ) ( 1819 ), 1821 ( ) : ;,,,, 1847 :, :, :, ;
50,,,,,, ( ), :,,,,,,,, ( ope 1822) :,,, ;,,,,,,,. :...,., 221, 1954.,,, 1984, 5, 74
19 51,1816) :,,,?,,?,,,, (.., 1787 1855 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1984, 6, 77.1955,.143 :...,,, 252,
52, 1803, 1802, ( ),,,,,,, 1808 ( ), ), :,!, ( 1811),,,, :, :,,,,,,! :...,,,. 1955, 235
19 53,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1812,, 1813 ( 1807 1813 ),, 1812 ( 1813 ),, 1812 10 :!!,!,,, :,.,.274 :..,.,.-.1949, :..,., 1885.3,.205
54,, :,,,!,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,
19 55 ( ),,, 1817 ( ),,, 1814 ( ),, :,,!,, 1815 ( ), :,,?? :,, (1817), 1816, :..,.,.283.,.-.1949
56, (1817),,,, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (, 1814 1815) :,,,,,,,,,,,
19 57, ;,,,,, ;, ;,,,, 1822, :,, (.., 1779 1840 ),, 1795 1798 1819, : :..,,.,.,.1955,.248
58,, 1828 ( :,! :, ;,!!,,,!, ;,,, (, 1825),,, 1983, 9
19 20 :,,,,,,, :, 1816, 1825 12 14,,,, 20,,,,
60, 20, ; ;, ; 20,, 30 19,, :,,,?,,,,,, 18,
61 1819 ( ),,, 1815 ( ), 1820,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1817 1820,, : :,,,,
62 :, ;,,,,, 1815,,, :, 19 1814, 1817 :,, : :,?! (, 1821 ), : 4,
63,,,,!! 1819,, ( ) 1820,,, :,!,,! (, 1816 1820 ) :,,,!,,,, 1985, 12
64!!,!,, 1822, ( 1822) :,,,,! :, ;, :!,,,,,,,,,,,, 1985, 54, 74
65 :,,,,,, 1827 ),, (, :,,!,,,, 1985, 169
66 1822 ) : ;!, ( 1820 ) :,,,, :,! 1821,, ( ) :! :,,!!,,, 1985, 84, 98
67 :,,, :, :,!,,, (, 1824 ) ( 1824 ), ( 1825 ),,,,,,,,, 1985, 165, 81
68!,, 1825 (.. ), :, 1820, ( 85 42),,, (1785 1823), 1820,,, 1985, 139
69, ; 20 : (1821) ( 1824 ) (1827), 1825, ( - ),,, ( 1825 ) (1826)
70,,, ;,, (1824 ),, ( 1824 1825 ) 1825 1 : : ;? 1821 1823,, 1825, 1824 1 12,,,
71, ( ),,,, :,!, ( ) (1350 1389), :, :,,,, 1985, 119
72, : ( ), ( ), 17,,,,?!!!!, :!, :!!,,!!!,, :,!,,, 1985, 104
73! 1826 ( ),, 136 (, 1822 ) :,!!!,,! :!! :!,,, 1985, 109, 15
74 1824, 136 1830, 136,,, ( ) :,!, :,,,,,,
75 :, 1833,,,,,,,, :, :, : :, :, :
76,,,,,,, :,, ;,
(.., 1799 1837 ) 1812,, ( : 1836 ) : :,,,,, 1957,, 558
78,,, 20 (, 1823 1831 ), 40,,,,,,, :,, 1799 6 6,,,, 1811,, ( 1814),,.337...V11,.,.1955,
79, 1815,, ( ),,,, :, : :,,,, 1817,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,, : (.., 1819 ) :,,,.., 11.,, 1955..318
80,, ( ), (,1817) (, 1818 ) (, 1819 ),, : ;,,, ( N l, 1818 ) 1818 3, 9,, 12,,, :,,, : 1793 6 1794 7,, ( )
81,!! ; : ;,, :,,, 1820 5,,, ( ),, (, 1820 ) : ;,,, 1954, 2, 158
82,,,,,,, (1821), :,, ; ;,,,, 1821,, (1821), :,,,, (, 1820 ) ( 1821 ),,, 1984, 44,,, 1957, 175,,,1957
83 6,,,,,,, ( 1824 ) : ;, : 1824,,, 1824 7,,, 8,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :!,,, (, 1826) ( 1825 ),,, 1957, 269 1820
84, 1825 ),,1828 ( ) :,,, 1825, ( 1825 ),,,,,,,, :,!,,,, 1825 12 14,, 1826 7,, 1826 9,, ( 1826 ) :,
85!, (, 1826 ),,, : :, ; 1834 :,, 1826,,,, ( 1820 ), 1828 ( ), :,, 1828,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1984, 95, :,,, 1984, 267
86 1830,,, ( ) 1831 2,,, ( ),,,,, :,, 30 (,1836) ( 1833 ),,,,
87 1837 1 27,,,,,, ;, 1. ( 1815 ) :,,?,? :,, :, 4,,,, 1957, 40
88 :,,,,,,!,,,, (, 1814 ),,,,, (, 1814), : ;,,,,,,,, 1854,, 316
89,,, 1816,, 1816,,,,,,,,, ( 1816 ) (, 1816 ) ( 1816 ) :,,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 1957,,, 1985, 1, 76
90,,!,,,, : :,,,,,,,, :, :,??,,,,,,,,, 1985, 1, 76
91 ;, ;,,,, ;,, ;,!! 1816 20, 1816,, 2. 1817 1820 18, ( 1836 ) :,,,,, 1985, 17
92,,!, :,,!,,!,! 1801, :,,, ;,,? :,,,,!!,,,1957
93!,,,,,,,,, :,,, :!,,,,, 1819,,, :,,,,1957
94 :,,,,,, :,,,?,? 1870,,,,,,,,,,,1957,, 1821
95, ;,,, :,!, ; ( 1821 ),,,, ;,,,, 1984, 29 :. : ( 1813 1826 ). -., 1950,.175
96
97, :,, 3. (, 1822),, 1822 : ;,!!,,, ( 1823 ), : :, ;?,,,,, 1957, 177,,, 1984, 57, 57
98,, (),,,, : :,!,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 1957, 21
99 :,? :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 4. :, 1789,, 1794
100,!,!?!! :,, :, : :,! ;, 1825 12 4,, :,,,,, 1825 10 19 ( 19 ),,, :,,, 1957, 311
101,,,,,,,, :,!, :,, :,,,, (.. ) : :,,,,,1957
102,,,,,,, 1957, 27
103,,,, 1819,,,,,,,,,,, 1825,,,,,.,,,,,.,,,,, :,,.,,,
104.,.,, (, 1825 ) :,!!!,,!,,!! :,, (, 1825 ),,,,,, 1984, 89
105,,,, ;,, :,, ;?,,, 5. 1827,, ( ), 1826 1818,, :,,, 1984, 83
106,,,,,, 1957, 37
107,.,,,.,, :, : (1827 ) 7,,,,,,, :, 1983, 2, 67
108,,,,!,,
109,, (, 1826 ) (, 1827 ) ( 1828) (, 1830 ) (, 1824), :,,??,, ;,,, :, :, ;,,, 1957, 41,,, 1957, 279
110, :,,,, :,,,,,!,, :,, :,,,,,,, 1957, 288,,, 1984, 103
111 /,,/,/ ), : : :?!,,, 20,,,, ( ), :!,,,1957
112, 7. 20 30,, (, 1828) : :, ; ; ; ;,, ;,,,,,, (, 1828 ) :,,, 1984, 141, 122
113,, :, 1830 ( ) :,,,,,,, :,, ;,,,, :, (,,, 1984, 118, 145
114, :,,,,, :, :,,,,, (, 1835) 30,,, (, 1830 ),, ( 1835) 1833, ( 1833 ),! (,,!, 1834 ) :,,,,, 1984, 135
115 1835,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1984, 172, 180
116,,, (, 1826 ), :,,,, 1829, ( ), :, : ;, ;. ; ;,,,, 1984, 97, 126
117,, ( ) ( ), :!,,,,,,, (,1833) :,,,,,,, 1980,,, 194 195,,, 1984, 170, 134
118, ( 1830 ), :,,,,,?? 19 (.. ),,, ( 1820 ) ( 1820 1821 ) (, 1824 ) (,1824) ( 1833 ),,, :,,, 1984, 143
119 :,?!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1820 8 :,,, 1984, 74, 75
120, (, 1821 1823 ),,,,,,,, 1822 : 19,,,/,/ /,,.49,,, 1984, 140..,.,.,.-., 1949,,,, 1984, 141
121,,,, :,,,,, :,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,
122,,,,,,,, 20 1821,, ( - ),,,,, 1821 1823,, ;,, 1824,,,, 1984, 146
123,,,,,,,,,, :,, :?,!!,,?,,,, 1984, 225
124,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,!!? :!,,,, (, 1821 ) :
125, 19,,,, :,,,,, 1823,,,,, :,,,, 5,, 1985, 101..,,,.,..43,,, 1984, 230
126,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,
127, : 1825, (1594), ( ) :?,,,,,,, :,, 1828, 1819, ;, 1829 :,,, 17,
128,
129,, :, :,,,, :,!, ;,, :, :,,, 1984, 270
130 :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, :..,,,.,.
131, :,,,,,,,, :,,,! :,!,??,, : :,.,.1968,.404
132,,,, : :,,,,,,, 1984, 268, 269
133 : :,, ( ) ( ) (, 1837) 30,,,, 1984, 304
134, :,,,?,,,, ;,,,,! :, : ;,,, 1984, 356
135,, ;,, :!,,,,,
136,,, :!!! :,,, :,!!,,, : ;,,
137,,, ;,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,, 1984, 351 352
138,,, 30, :, :,?,, :, 19 ( 1823 1831 ),
139,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 5,,, 1985, 232
140, :/ ;, : / /, :,,,,,, :, ( )! 19,, ; ;,,,,, :.425 :.. 1954,.,..
141,, 20,, : ;,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,, :,,, 1983, 132
142,, : :,,, (, ),,,,,
143 :,,,,,, :,,,,, : ;,, :,,,?
144
145,,,,,,,,,,, :,!,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
146,,,,,!,!?,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :
147,,, 20,,,,, ;,,,, ;,. 28,, : ; ; ;, ; ; ;,
148
149., ( ) : ( abab ), (ccdd ), ( effe), (gg) ;,,,,,, (,1830) ( ), (, 1832 ),,,,, (, 1825 ),,, :,, ;
150,, 23, 16 17, 1584, ( 1582 ), 1598,,, 1604,, :, :, : ;, ;,,,, :,,,!!,! 22 :,,, 1954, 374 :.., ( 1813 1826 )..1950,.424,,,, 1982, 34
151!!!!!!, :! ( )? :!!! ( ), 1826 :, ( ), 1830, :,,, ( ), : :,,,,,, 1982, 114, 116 :,.,., 1968,.403,,, 1982, 2, 153
152 ),, :,,,,,, :, :,!,,,, ;,,,, ( C.M. ),, :, ; ( 6600 ) ;, ( 4000 ) ;,,, (3800 ) :,...-.1986..17
153
19 20 30,,, 20 1824 : :,,,, :, :,,, :,, 30,,, 1822, ; :,,,
155 1825, (A ), 20 30,,,,,, (.. 1792 1878 ),,, 20,,, 1829, 1855 19, 1821
156,,, 20,, 1814 ( ), 1819 ( ),,,, :,,,,,!, (1816 1819),,,,,, 1812 1814,, 1818,, 1820 ( ), :!, :,,,
157, 20,, 1824 ( ),, 1824 1825, 1824 5, 1825 9 6, :,,,, 9 15 :, ;, 1828 ( ), 1854 1826 ( Mope ), 1834 ( ),,,,, ;
158,,?,?,!, 1848,, ( H.M. 1803 1846 ), 20,, 20,,,,,, 1983, 42
159 1823 ( ),,,,,, :!,,!,,,,,, 1827 ( ),, :,,,,,
160, :,,,,,,,! 1829 ( ),,, :,!,,,,, (, 1823 ),, ( 1825 ), :
161, 1824 ) ( ), ( 1825 ) ( ), 1826, ( ), :,!,,,,!,,,,, (,1823 ) (, 1825),, :,
162,,,!,,,, 30,, (A.A., 1798 1831 ),,, 20 30 1824 :.. XIX, 1960,.,.226
163, 20 1830,,, ( ),, ( 1820 ) ( 1822 ),, ( ),, 1829 ( ),,, 20, : ( ) :, (, 1820 ), (, - 1820 ) (, 1820 ), :,, ( 522? 442) :..,.,.,.-., 1949,.273
164!,,,,,!,,,,,!,!,,,,,!,,,,!,,,,,!
165 ( H.M. 1820 ) 20,,,,,,,,, 1830, 1831 1,, :,,,,,,,,, (, ),
166, 1800 1844 ),, 1818,,, : 1827 ( ), :, :, (, 1826 ) 1824
167 ),,,,,, 1826,,, 40,,, 1843,, 1827 ( 1820) 19,,,,,,, :,,,, :, ( 1823 ) :,,,
168,,,,,, :,,,,, :!, ;,,!,,
169,, :,,,, 1824 1 12 : ;,,,,, :,,,, ( 1820),, :,,,, 1984, 2, 75
170!,,, 1822 ( ),,,,,, ( 1826),,,,,,, ( 1828 ), 1831, ( ),, ( ) 1820,,, 1984, 2, 75
171 :,,, 1825, ( ),,, 1828 ( ),, 30,, 1835,,, 1837,,, 1835 ( ), :,,,,,, 1963, 3, 562
172,,,,,,,! :,,!,,,,!, ;, ;,, 19,, 1842 ( ),,,,,, 1963, 3, 537
173,! (!,1840) :!, 20, :,, 1949 :..,.,.,.-.,
( M.., 1814 1841 ) ( ),,, 30 40 1825 :,,,
176,,, :, 12 14, ( ) 1814,,,, 1828 1830 1832 30 40, 1832,,,, 1834,,, 1837,,,,, 1963, 2, 477 :..,.,.1958,.472
177..,1839),, :, 1838 1840 2,,,, :, :,,, :,,, 1985, 667.1955,.375 :...,.,, 378
178, 27,, ( ),,,,, 400, 20 : ( 1828 1836 ) ( 1837 1841 ) 300, 1837, 1837 80,, 19 30 40 ( ),, :,,, ;, ( 1837 ), 1840 ( ),,, 1963, 2, 477
179 :,,?,!?,?,,?, ; ( ),, 1832,, (, ), :,,!!, ( 1829 ),,,1985, 211, 115
180 :!,! ( ),, :,,,,,,, 1832 ( ) 1837 ( ),,, :!,,,,1985, 19, 23
181,, ( ), ( ),, : ;! ; :,,,, 30,, :,,, 1985, 615, 689
182 ( ( 1832) ),, ( ( 1841 ) (, 1841), (, 1841),,,1985, 129, 253, 256, 269
183 (,1841),,, 1837 ( ), :, ; (, - 1840 ),,, :,,,1985, 273, 163
184 :,,,, 1840 ( ),,, :,,,,,1985, 208, 237
185, 1838 ), :,?, : : ; (, 1839), :??, : 1841 ( ),,, : :,,, 1985, 779
186,, (,, 1841) :,,,,, : (1825 12 24 ),,,,!,, ;,,, :,,,, 1985, 751 :..,.,.472
187,,,, 1831 6 11 ( 1831-11 ),, :,,,,,,?,,!, :,,,,, 1985, 369
188 1830 1831, : 7 30, 1830 ( 30., 1830 ), : ; 1830 ( ) :??! (1832) :,!??,!,!,,,,, 1957, 273,,, 1985, 235, 263
189! (, 1837 ), :,!,,!!!!!, :,,,1985, 129, 143
190?, :,,,, : :?,, : :??
191,, :!,,,!! :,, :, :, ;,,
192 :,,,,,, 1837 ( ), : ; ;, 1837 1812 25 ( ) :,, :!,, 1812, :,?,! : 1881, No.2,.410,,, 1983, 197,,, 1985, 606
193, :,, :! :,,, ( 1838),,,! :,,,,,,,,1985, 176
194,,, :,, :,,, : ( ),, ;!, :,.,1968,.527
195,?, ; :,,,, (, 1840), 1840,,,,,, :,!,,, :????, ;,, 2,, 1963, 508, 510 : 1974,.,.212
196,,,,,,, 1841 ( ) :, 1839,,,, :,!,,,, : ( ) :,,, 1985, 714,,,1985, 247
197 ; ;,, :, ( 1841 ), :..,.,.1934,.238
198, ; :?,?,, ;!! :, : ;,, : :, ;,,,1985, 273
199 ; :,, ( ),,,,,,, : ; :,,,,,,,,,1985, 23,,
200 :,,,, : (,1841),, : ( 1839 ) (, 1841 ) 1837 ( ), : ;, ;,,,1985, 161
201, :,, :,, ( 1836 ),,,,,,, ( ),, 20 1828 1832 30 : -,,, ( - ) :,! : : V11 XIX,, 1938,.273
202,,, ;, :,!,,, -, 1838 (, ), 16 :,.373,,, 1983, 327 :...,,.1954
203,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,, :,, : ; ; ;,,, 1963, 2, 479, 501
204,,,, :,, ;, ; :, ;,,,,, 1839, 1841,,,, 1983, 435
205 ), 1829 1831, 1833 1838, 1840 1841, 1842, 1856,,,,, 1837,,,,,,,, : :
206 :,,, :! : ;,, : :,,, 1983, 499 : XIX,.1983,.74
207,,, :, ;,,!,,,!, : ; ;,, :,,!,, :,,,,,
208 : ;,,,,,, ;,, ( 1829 1830 ), ( 1835 1836 ) 16,, ( ) :,,,, 1983, 2, 548...,.555
209 : :,,,,,,,,, :, :,?,,,,,,,,, 1983, 466
210,,,,?, :,!, :,,,,,
211 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :, ;,,, 1983, 25,, 2,, 1963, 377 :,.1968..,.489
212,,, :,, :,?,,,,,!, 1825,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1985, 135
213,,,,, :?,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.1954 :...,.197,.,
214 (.., 1804 1838) 20 30,,,, 1815,,,, 1823, 1820,, (, 1825),,, 20 30,, 1826, 1826
215,,,?, :,,,,,,! ;? :,,,,?,?,,, : ;, 1828 ( ) :,!, 20, 1827,, :,, : (,1828) (, 1828 ),
216, 1833, 1833,,, 1834 7,,,, -,,,, ( ),,,, ( ),, 1837,,,,, 1838,!,,, ( )
217, ;,,,,,,, : : :
218?, (, 1826 ),, :,, ( 1827 ) :,, 1828,,,
219 :!!,,,,,, :,,, :,, 30 1834 : (, 1837)
220 (,1834), (, 1835 ), :,,,,,,, /! (, 1836 ), /,? ( ),, : (, 1830 ) ( 1832 ) ;, : (, 1833 ),, : :..,.1956,.,.482
40,,, (, 1843) :,, 40 : 40,,,,,, : ( B..,1807 1873 ) (.., 1810 1855 ) (.., 1811 1895 ) (.., 1811 1847 ),, 19, ( 1840 ) : ;,,
222 1840), (, 1844 ) 40 : 40, 60 ; :,,,, :,,, ;,,, ( ) ( ), 40,
40 223. ),, (. ) (. ) 50 ( ), ( ) 20 30 30, 40 ( ) (.. 1809 1842 ), ;,,
224 (1813 1840), :,, 1830,,,,, 1831 ( ), :,,,,,, 1840 ( ) : ; 1831,,,, 1835 1836, : :,! :...1961.310
40 225,,,, :,,,, 1840 7 15 :,, :,,,,, : (, 1827 ) (,, 1829 ) (, 1830 ), (,,1834) 1839 1841,, :,,, :...1961.12 13
226 10 29, 33, 1842 12 9 : 20,,, (, 1831 ),, ( 1838) ( 1840 ),,,, 19,, :,,, :...1961,.16 :..,,.1949,.190 :...1961,.26
40 227 ),,, : :, ;, : 1835 ( ) :,,, :, ; ( ) :, :..,,.,.1952,.153
228, :, : ;,, :, :,,,, ( 1830 ) ; ( ),,,, :.(.. ),.V, 1937..30 :...1961..313 : 1836..11,.189
40 229 : ( 1837 ), :,?, ;,!,,, ;, ;,,,, :,
230 ( 1837), :!,,,,,,, 60, (, 1840 ) (, 1841) 1837 ( ), 1838,,,,,, :?,,1839 ( ):,,, 1983, 50
40 231,?,??!,! :,!, ;,,!,
232, (, 1838 ) (,1840), :,?,, (, 1838), 1839 ( ) (, 1840 ) :!?! : (.. ),.V,.1937,.33
40 233 ),, (, 1839), (, 1838 ),, (, 1838 ),,, :,!,,, (, 1829 ( 1832 ),,,, :,,!,,!,,,, 1963, 1, 252
234,,,,,,,!,,! :,,,! (, 1840 ) :,,,,,,,, 1963, 1, 253 254 ( ) :...1,.1948..178
40 235, ( 1837 ) (, 1840 ) ( 1840),,,,,, :,,, :,,, ( 1836 ) :,, :...111, 1947,.515,, 1954,, 1, 510
236,,!,! :, : ;,,!,!,!,! ;,!,, 1954,, 1, 504
40 237,!!, :,,, :,? ( 1839 ), :,! ( 1854 ),, ( ),! (!) ; : ( ), :, ( ),,,
238,, :, ; :,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 40 (.., 1813 1877) 40, :..,, 1919..,.98
40 239,,, :, 50,, 40 40, :, 1830,,, 1954,, 656,, 2,, 1963, 313 :...,.1947
240 1834 8, 1838 1839, 1841, 1839 40, 1856,,,, 19, 19,, 19 1877 30 1840 ( ) ( ) ( ), 40 40 50,, (,, 1840 1841 ) 40,,, :
40 241 :, (, 1846 ), :,, (, 1844 1847), : ;,,,,,
242,,,,,,,, :, 40, (, 1841 ) ( 1841 1842 ),,,, :,,,,,40 50,, (, 1840 1841 ), 563 :...,., 1947,.562
40 243 :!!?,?,, ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,,, :,,,,,,, 1825,,
244 ( ) ( ), 50,, (,1858) :, 1858 ( ) :,,, :!! :!!, (, 1859 ) :
40 245!,,, 60 70 40 50, 60 70 19 ( 1861 ), :, :,,,,,, 60 70,, ;, 40 50 658,,,, 1954,..,., 1956,.,.452
246 ;,, ( ), :,,,,, : (,1869) : :!,, :,, (, 1859 ),,,, 1954, 659 : :.678
40 247, : ( 1863 ),,,, :,,, ;, (, 1869 ),,! (,,!, 1869 ) ; (, ) 30 70,,
248 40 (.., 1825 1893),, 1845, 1845 1845 1845 1846, 1846, 1846 1847, 1847, 19 40,,
40 249, : 1870 :,?,, 1849 4, 1849 4 28,, 1850 1, 1856,,,, 1858 1859, ( ),,,,,, :.. XIX, M.1958,.500..,.-., 1964,.10
250 60,,, 1863 7 11,,,, 1859, 1860,, :, 1864 12, 1866 1872,, 1884,, 1890 1893,, 1893 9,..,,.-., 1964,.27
40 251 1846 :,,,,,, ( ) :, ( ) ( ),, : 40,,!, (! ) ( )..,,.-., 1964,.12
252,! :,,,, :!, 40 ( ) (,, 1848 ) 1848, :! 1848 : 40, 1848,, 50 1856 1858 1856 1858 1866 1860 4 15..,,.-., 1964,.15
40 253,, 1858 : 1858 (,,! ),,,, :!,,!!,,, (, 1856 ) :, :,!! ( )
254, 1857 )!! (! 1858) :,, : 50,, 1858, 1858 ( ),, :,,,, (,1856) ( ),,, : 60,,,,
40 255, 50 60,,,, : ( 1858 ) ( 1858 ) ( 1862),,, : (, 1858 ) (, 1860 ), ( 1860 ), 60 70 60,, 1861 11, 12,, 12 31 ( ),, :,!,,,,, : 17-1861.
256 1862 ) :!,!,!, ( (!, 1861 ), (, 1863 ), :,,,,, (,1862), 1861,, 60 ;, ( 1869) 1881,, 1862, 1864,, 1889
40 257 ),,,, 1877 ( ), :, ;,, (, 1862 1863 ) ( 1860 ), (,1862),, : 19..,,.-., 1964,.250, 47
(.., 1803 873 ) 19,,, :,,,,, :,,, 1818 1822 :., 1954,.299
259,,,,,,,,,,, 1837 1838,, 1839,,,1839 1844 20 30,, :!,! 1836,,,,.. ( ),, 1837, 1844,, 1858 40, 40 1720 1861
260 1850, :, 1836,,, 1854, :, :,, 50 1850,,, 14,,, 50 60 1864,,, 1873,,,, :,...,., 1950,.190 :..,..,.1962,.139 140
261,,, 1816 1825 1820, ( ),,, 1825,,, : :, ;, :,,,,, :,,,, :..,..,.1962,.119 :.. XIX, 1960...370 :..,,.1988,.397
262 :,, :,,,, :,,,,, 1832! ( Silentium!,1830) :,,,,,,???,, ; :..,,.1988,.399
263!, :,,!?,! 30 :,, 1836 ( ), :,!,!, :! 1836,, :,,,,,,1985, 34 35, 57 :..,....1962.184, 184
264 :,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), 19,,,,,,, :, (1836 ),! :..,....1962.186,,, 1954, 1, 174
265 H,!, 1836 ),, :,,!,?,,?,,,, : (,, 1836 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ( 1830),,,1985, 44, 33
266 ( 1936),,, (,, 1866 ) :,!, ( ),,,, 1838 ( ) : ;,?, : ;,,,1985, 64, 73
267, :!,,!,,!,,,, : ( 1851 ), :,,,,!,, :,,,,1985, 73 116 :...60,.1953,.265
268,,, ;,,,, (, 1880 ) : :,,,, ;,,, ;,,,, 1857 ( ), :,,,,,1985, 24, 24
269,,,,,, ( 1828 ),,,, : :,,,,,,,,1985, 131
270, 1830 ( ),,, :,, ; ( ),, ( 1849), : / /, :,,,,,1985, 5, 18
271, ( 1848 ),,,,,,, : (, 1836),, ;, :, ;,,,,,, ( 1836 ), :, ;,,,,1985, 84, 54
272,,,,,?,?,,,??,,,,, (, 1836), :,,, :,?,, M, 1985, 64, 46
273, :?, :,,, ;,,,,,, :, (, 1851),, :,, : :.. :...,.-., 1933,.166 :..,,.1988,.386
274,,,,,,,, : ( 1830 )! (, 1836 ) (, 1836 ),,,,, (, 1865 ) :,,,,,,,,,,!,?,,,,,,1985, 109,, 1982, 5, 83
275,,, ( 1839 ),,,,,,,, ;,,, 1850 ( ), (,, ), :!!,,,,, 1985, 2, 66,, 1982, 5, 83
276 :,,,, :!,,,,,,, 1850 7, 1836, ( ), :,,?,,,1985, 101, 97 :.. 1969,.68 69
277,, :,,, ;,, :,,,, ( 1836 ) : ;,! :,,,,,1985, 48 :..,..,.1962,.221,,,1985, 45
278, 1849 ) :,,,,,, (, 1866 ) :,,,, ;,,,, ( ), :,,,1985, 86, 159
279,,,,,, ( 1865) :,!,,,,,.,,,,,,,,1985, 156
280, ( ) 30 (, 1834 1836 ),,,,,, :,,,,,
281,,, 1870,,,.., (, 1851 ) : :,,,, 1985, 2, 66
282 (, 1851 ), :,,! ( 1864 ) :,,,,,,1985, 107, 113
283 (,, ),!,,,!, :, ( ) : :, 40, ( 1848 1849 ),, :,,,,,,1985, 148 :.. :..,.1962,.246
284,,,,?,, (, 1849 ) :,,,,,,,?,, ( ),,,,,, ( 1855), :, :,,,1985, 82,,, 1959, 2, 325
285,,! ( 1850 ),, :,,, 1837 : 1837 1 29 ( 29-1837 ), :,, : / / :!,,, :,! ( 1830 ), 1830, :!,,,1985, 129 :..,, 1980..,.167,,,1985, 68
286!,,,,,,,,,,,,1985, 30,, 1983, 135
50 19 40,,,,, 50,, :, : 50, 50 :,,,,,,,,
288.., 1821 1897 ) 19,,,, 1837,, 1840,, 1841, 1842 1844,,, 1847 ( ),,
289 Palaazo ) 40,,, ( 1841 ), ( 1845 ) ( 1846),, ( 1887 ), :?,,,!, 50,,,, ( 1854 ),, 1858 ( ) ( ), ( ),,,,,, ( 1263 1875 ) (, 1887 )? ( 1858),,,
290, (, 1851 ) (, 1860 ),,,,,, ( 1852 1863 ), ( 1880 ),, 1882 1888 1897 3, (, 1839) : ;,,,,, 1963, 3, 328
291,, ( : ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1963, 3, 328
292 1841 ) (,, 1841 ) (, 1841), (, 1841 ), :,,,,,,, (, 1841 ),,,, : : ;,,, 50,, 19,,,,,, 1985, 6, 107
293,,, ( 1874), (1053 1125),,, ;,,,,, :!!,,,,, (! 1854 ) ( 1856 ) ( 1856 ) (, 1856) ( 1855),, :,,, :.. 1843-1848.1948,.,.670
294, ;,,,, :,,, :,,,,,! 1856 :, ;
295 : ; ;,, :,,,,,,, 40, :,, :,, :,,,, 1985, 6, 108,, 1985, 6, 108 :.,.1857.49
296,,, (.., 1820 1892 ),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,
297 1844 40 1842 1843 1842 : (, 1842),, :,,,,,!,,, (, 1842 ), : :,, 1982, 6, 87
298,,,, 1843 : 1844,,, 1850 1853,,, 1855,,, (1856) :, 1859,,,,, :,,, 1863 :,,,,.294 :..,,.1954,. :..,,.1950.,.279 :...1949,.,.695 :.. 1955,..,.52 :.,.1937,.,.330
299, 60, : : :,, 1863,,,,, 60,,, ( 1866 11 7 ), ( 1867 6 27 ) 60 70,, 1884,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1859,.2,.,.64 :.., 1890, M..11,.225,.11,.107, 121
300 ( 3 ), :,,,,, : ( 1854 ) : : ;,,,, ;, :..,.,.1888,.3 4
301 1855 ( ), :,,,,,, :,,,,, : (,,, 1983, 73,, 1982, 6, 57 :., 1950, No.12,.195, 196
302 :,,,?,, ;,,, ( 1857 ),,, :!!,!!!,, 1982, 6, 87
303,,,,!,, : 1857 7 9 :,?, (1888 11 12 ), ;,,, 1982, 6, 57 :....60,.1949,.217
304 (, 1843 ),,,, :, ;,,,, ;,,,, ;,, :,, 1854!,! ( :, ),, 1982, 6, 57
305!,! ; :,!,! ;,,,!!,, :,,,! :, 1850, (, ),,,, 1910,! :,,,,,,, 1982, 6, 57 :,.1960,.97
306,,,,,,,,!, :, :,,,,, : ( ), 50 60,,, :,,,, :, :,.1937,.,.331 499 501 :. 1897,.,.560 :.,.,,., 1949,. :..,.181 :., 1930,.,.67 68 :... 1979,.,.291, 291
307,,,,,, : :,,,,, ( ) :,,,,,,, (, 1881 ),, ( ), :,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),, : (, 1859?) : :... 1979,.,.300, 302,,, 1983, 75
308,,,,,,!?? (,, 1878 ) ( 1884 ),, 1982, 6, 58
309,1885) :,,,, :???,,,,,,,,, 1983, 78 :.,...97
310,, 1887, ( ) :, :,,!,,,,,, ( ) :, ;, (1847) 1858, (, ), :,,, ;,,,, :
311,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,, 1890 (, ),,,,,, 1888, (! : :,.,.2,..1956,.258
312,,,,,,,,,,,, (.. -,1822 1864 ),
313,, ( 1845 1846 ), (,1850),,, (, 1850 ) (.., 1819 1898 ),,,, ( ) ( ),,,,, ( 1846 ),,,
314, :,,, ( 1854),,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,!,,,, 1878,, ( ),,
315.., 1817 1875 ),,,,,, 1834, 1837 1840, 1840, 40, 50, 1854 1851,, 1863 1851 1861,, 1867 60 ( 1866 ) ( 1868 ) ( 1870 ), 16 17
316,, 1875,,,,, ;,,, ;, 60 ;, 50, 1863, 1864, :, :,,,, :, :, :, : 1950, No 4,.634-635 :,.,.2,.,.1956,.324
317,,,,,,,,,, 1844 1845,, (,, ),,, ( 1854 ),, :,,?,?,,?, ;, :,.,.2,.,.1956,.325
318!,!, ;,!,,,?! ( 1849 ), ( 1856), :,!,,!,,!,,!!,, 1985, 3, 102,,, 1983, 80
319 1858 ), :,,,,,,,, (, ), :,,,,,, 1985, 3, 102
320,,,?,,!,,,, 1858, (. ) :,, ;,,, ;,!,, 1985, 3, 102,,, 1983, 81
321, 1871 ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,!!!,!!,,!,!,!,!!!
322,,,, ( 1840 ) ( 1840 ) 19 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1985, 3 ( ) :...50 ( )
323,, :..,.. -,.,. Aca demia,.1935,.360
(.., 1821 1878),,,, 1858 :!!,,
325 : (,1874) 1821,,,,,, 1838,, 1855 :,, 1840 1842,, 40, ( 1844 1845 ),, 1846,, 1848 (, ),,, ),,, 1985, 118 (
326 : : ;,, :,! : 19 50 60, : ; ; ;,, 1847 1868 50...,., 1910,.225-226
327,,, 60 70, 1877, :,,,, : 1877 12 27 : 40, 50 60, 70 40, 50 60,, ; 70,,, / 40 1845 ( ) : : :/,!,,, :,.,.2,., 1956,.154
328 /,, 1846 ( ) :/ :,!, ( - 1845), :,!,, :!, ( 1847 ), :,,,,,,,,,,1985, 15,,, 1985, 9
329,,, :,,,??,,, (, 1846),, (, 1845 ) (, 1853 ), ( 1845 ), (, 1847 ) :,,, 1985, 28,,,1985, 39
330 60 50 60, :,,,,, (,1851) :,!,,, :,,! (!! ) 1852, ( ), / :,,,1985, 53 55
331 :,,, :,,,,,! :, ( 1856 ), :,,,1985, 59 60
332,,, :,,,! :, 50 60, (, 1859 1865 ), (, 1854),, (, 1855 ),(,, 1863 ),,,, (, 1864 ) (, 1860 ) 1858 ( ),,,,,! :,,, 1985, 109 111
333!,!,?,!!??, 1860 60 70 1859, ( ),, :,,,1985, 139
334,!,,,,, 1860 ( ) ( ), :,!!?,,,,, :!, :,,,,1985, 144
335 :?,,,, ( 1861), :,,, (, ), :,!,,,, 1985, 139 143
336, :,!!! (,, 1862 1863 ), :, :,, ;,,,,1985, 179 180, 179 180
337,, : :, :, :,,,, :,!!,,,,,,,,, 1985, 233
338,, :!,,,,,,,, :,,,,!,,,, :,,,,,,
339,!, 1868 ( )! (! ), :,! :!,,!?,,,/ /,/ /,,,, 1985, 319
340,,!! 70 70, : ( 1870 ) ( 1871 1872 ),,,, ( ),,,1856 1861, 60 70,, :, ;,,,,1985, 274
341 :??, :,!, :, :, : ; 60 : 60,,,, 1985, 331
342,!!,,,,! ;,!, ( ),,,,,,, 70,,
343,,,, :,,!,,, :,??!
344, : :,!!!,,,,, :!,,,,,, 1985, 365
345,,,, :,,,!, :? (),,? (,!),,,, :,!,,!,, :,
346,, 60 70,,, 1812, 1873 : 70 ( ) ( ) (, 1863 1877) 1863, 1877,,,,
347,! :?,,!,,,!,,!,,,,? :,,!!
348, (,1856),,, :,!,,,, : :,,,,,,,, :
349,,,,,!, :,,, 1877 ( ), 22, 1874, ( ),,, :,??!!, (,1876 1877) :,,, 1985, 129,,,1985, 300
350,, (- 1877 ),, :!,!,!,, 40 70,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,1985, 304, 311
351,,,,,,,,,,
19 60 : : (.. 1824 1861 ),,,, 1853, ( ),,,,, 1856, :,,
353,,, 1857, (),, 1859, ( ) () ( ) ( ) (), 1859,, 1860 1861, : ( ) ( ), 1861 ( ), : :......1947,.,.500
354,,!, 1861,,, ( -, 1849 ) (, 1853 ) (,1854) ( 1858 ) :, ;,, ;, ;,
355,,, : ;,, : :,, 1984, 1, 68
356, ;, ;, ; (, 1854 ),,, :,! 1858,,, ( ),,,, 1984, 1, 68
357 1859 1861, (,,! (, 1860 ), (, 1860 ), :, ;, :!, (,.., 1837 1883) 60 70 50, 60 70 1870 ( ) 1883 ( ) ( 1883) :,
358,,,! (.., 1836 1861 ),,,,, 60 (.. 1831 1875) 1854,,, 1983, 100
359, 1859 1 1,,, 60,, 1873 (.., 1835 1889 ),? (?, 1862 ),, 1863,, ( ) 1850,,, (, ),,,, (1780 1857)
360.. 1829 1860 ) :,,,,, ( -, 1859 ) :,,,,?,, :,!,,, 1983, 99
361.. 1862 1887 ) 80,, ( ),, 1882, ( ) 1878,, 1887, 1885,,,! (!, 1878 ), :,,,
362! ( 1878 ) 80,,, 80,,,, ( :,1880) : :,,,!, (, 1882 ),,,,, 1983, 105
363 90, ( ) (.., 1852 1942 ) 1872 1875 1878, 1883,, ( 1887 ) :,!,, ;,! (, 1888), :,,,,,, 1983, 102, 1983, 103
364 ( 1897) :!!,,,,,,, (.., 1860 1901 ) 80, 80, 1897, (,,! ), :,,,,, ( 1898) (,, 1900 ),,, 1983, 104
365 80 80 (.. 1840 1893 ), 1854,,,! (,!, 1857 ) :,,!!, 1859
366 ),,, 1856 ( ), :!,! 1862, (, 1881 ), :,!,,,,, (, 70 ), :,,,,, : ( 1890 ), :!??
367 :,, (, 1883),,, ( ),,, ;, :,!,,
368 (.. 1862 1911) 80 90 1888 : 1887 1889 1892 ( ),,, (,, 1880 1887 ) :,, ;,,,,,!,, (, 1880 1887 ),,, :..,....1949,, XIV,.16
369, 80 90 :,, 20 (.., 1870 1953 ) 19,,,,, 1887 :... 1953,.23,.353
370 ), (, 1887 ),,,,,, 1889, : ( 1889 ) ( 1901 ) 1901, 1909, 1919, 1933 1953 ( 1886 ),, :,, ;,,,?
371? (, 1888 ), : :,!,, ;,,,! :,, : :,, ;,, ;,,, 1983, 106
372 1891, (,) :!, (,,1891), :,,, ( - 1899 ), :!,,, 1983, 107, 108
373 (, 1900 ) :,,,,,,, :,, 1903, ( ),,,,,,, 1983, 108,,, 1983, 109 :..,... 1965,.,.24
374!,,, (, 1900),,,,, : 1912, ( ), :,,,,,, :,?? :. :..1962,.,.141
375,!!,,,, 1970,,,,,, 1983, 113
18, 19, ( ) (versus) (vertere), 18,, ( ), ( ) ( ),,, :..,. 1958, : 1959..
: 377 ) ( ) ( ) ( ), : ( ),, ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,
378 ) ( ) 17,, 17,, ( - ) ( ) : / /, / /, / / / /,,, ( ) 18,,
: 379 ( ),, 18,,,, : - - - - / /, - - -, - - - / / - - -,, ( - ) 18,, ( ), :?,!,, :,?,!, :
380 ( ),,,,, / /, :,,, : / / / / / / /, 1739, :, : ( ), :, : XV III,1956,.152
: 381,, :, 1752,, ( - ), : ; (, ), (, ) ; (, ), (, ), (, ), : 1. / / / 2. : XV III,.152
382 / / / / 3.,, / / / 4. y, / / / 5. / / /,,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,
: 383 / / ( ),,,,,,,, 20 :,,, : : / / / / / / /,,, : : : / / / /, ( ) :., 1910,.400 :., 1924
384,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) :,,,, ( )
: 385 :, :, :,,, ( ), ( ),,,,, ( ),,, ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ),, ;, ( ) ( ),,, ( ), ( ),,
386! ( ), ( ),!, ( ),, ( ) :,?????, ( ),,, ( ) 19 20,
: 387 ),,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :
,.1968,,. 1900.,., 1953.,., 1955.,., 1956 ( )1954,..,., 1956...1958.. XVIII,.1939.., XVIII,.,1955..,., 1957.., XIX,.,1960.. 1972.,,.-.1950.,,.1,.,.-.1956..,,.-., 1961,,1974..,.,,.1981..,..,.1962
389.., 1954..,,.1950..,.1947