....1...4...8...15...16...18...29...31....38...46...49....54...57....60...62...67....71...74 I
...95...97... 100.... 118... 120....122... 124... 125... 126... 132... 134... 139... 145.... 146... 147... 150... 153... 155... 157... 160... 167 II
... 170... 170... 173... 175... 179... 184... 187... 187... 188... 189... 190... 191... 192.... 195... 196.... 196... 198... 198.... 199... 200 A... 205 III
... 206... 208 IV
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20 30 0.5% 1 125
1 16 8 1 2 2 2 25 10 1 3 5 2.5 1 2 4 1 2 5 ( 0.1 ) 2 1 2 (VFA) NRC(1977) 14% 44% 41% 22% 33% Cheeke(1987) ( ) ( ) 126
1 1.1 127
Cheek (1983) Serafty(1980) 2% hange(1998) 8% 10% 12% 15% 27.1% 13.3% 10% Bias(1994) (1994) 12% 16% 31.7% AVal lone (1987) 12.5% 16.5% 128
(1993) 10% 13% 1% 1.5% 4.55% Saltcka (1992) 17% 20% 23% 26% 4 5 6 1.2 Heckman (1970) 6 12 8% 9% Serafy (1980) 2% 11% 15% 20% 15% (1985) 15% 20% (1992) 129
10% 15% (1984) 14% 12% 14% DM 15% 20% 10% 16% 2% 15% NRC(1977) 10% 12% 14% 10% 12% 10% 12% AEC(1987) 12% 13% 10% 20% ADF 10% 20% 2 130
10% 15% (1994) (p 0.01 Payn (1983) Tortuero(1991) Fraga(1991) 30% 50% 30% Gidenne (2001) / 0.8 0.4 0.2 / 6g/d 131
3 (ADF) 3 132
133 ( )
134
20 8 9.2 3 3 1997 1 ( ) 10 3 3 135
2 35 4 6 20 30 3 136
15 4 6 2 2/3 1/3 3 1/2 2 1/3 2/3 8 4 137
138 5 30
2 ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) 1 3 4 5 139
3 80 80 60 80 40 60 60 60 80 60 40 20 40 1000 10 2 ( ) 1 3 ( ) ( ) (1) 140
(2) (3) 5% 0.5 2 5% 20 40 C2 250 500 15 20% 10 40 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 12 48 1 141
( ) (1) 1 1 (2) 2 4 100 50 5 4 2 2 3 ( ) 70 50% ( ) 142
( ) (1) (2) 15 100 25 30 100 50 7 7 70 15 10 10 5 2 (1) 5 8 1 1 6 8 4 6 143
(2) 15 (10 ) 30 32 15 ( ) 18 (3) 16 20 4 5 / 20 30 / 1 1 50 50 30 35 45 144
1 8 1 2 3 5 145
3 1 16 18 4 5 7 4 146
7 8 6 5 15% 40% 959 15.94% 6 147
4 10 0.5 0.75 100 150 10 11 / 16% 17% 30% 12% 16% 0.2% 3 4 5 148
18 30 4 5 5 7 150 1% 45 149
1 2 (1) 150
3 ( ) 3.5% 4.5% 4.5% 5.5% 5% 7% 8% (2) 151
50% ( )30% ( )25% 35% ( )10% 30% ( )5% 20% ( )0 5% ( )1% 3% 0.3% 0.5% ( ) 4% 8% 5% (3) 15% 3% 14% 10.89 152
/ 0.5% X 30.6( )X 2.0( )X=0.5 28.6X=0.5 X=0.017 1.7% 1 153
( 180 ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 154
155 4 5 1
156 30 50 300 2 3 ( )
1 (%) (1) 30 27 15 7.5 11 7 1.5 1 (2) 16 25.5 33 11 11 1.2 0.3 ( )2 (3) 35 5 5 6 5 5.5 6 1 30 0.5 1 1 (4) 45 30.5 14 6 3 0.5 (5) 28 14 7 6 11.5 20 6 5 0.5 1.5 0.5 (6) 35 10.5 2 2 3 ( 69% 71% )6 157
5 35 0.5 0.5 ( )0.5 (7) 26.8 7 5 5 20 15 20 0.2 0.5 0.5 32 1 2. (%) (1) 8 10 8 10 5.5 8 10 6 0.5 1 (2) 35 9 20 10 8 5 2 4 5 0.5 0.5 1 (3) 21 18 8 6 10 20 8 6 1 0.5 0.5 1 (4) 17 10 20 12.8 18 6 3 10 2.2 0.5 0.5 (5) 24 10 8 3 15 35 1.5 1 0.5 1 0.2 0.8 (6) 24.8 7 7 158
5 25 15 15 0.2 0.5 0.5 3. (%) (1) 30 6 15 32 15 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 (2) 22 11.5 22.5 32.5 8 1.2 0.3 2 (3) 30 24 15 8.5 10 8 2 1.5 1 (4) 25 23 15 10 10 5 8 2 0.5 1 8 (5) 30 5 25 15 4 5 5 0.5 0.5 1 (6) 30 10 5 4 4 7 6 33 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 (7) 30 3 2 8 6 30 10 10 0.5 0.5 159
70 2.25 3 1 3 50 1 ( 1 ) 90 100 160
90 90 2.25 2.5 5 6 30 200 300 30 1 23% 60% 5 161
2 3 4 6 1 7 8 6 1 60 2.5 1 1 35 40 20 25 0.35 0.63 3 2 10 12 (1) 2.5 40 12 480 2.5 192 125 162
( ) 45.6 12 547 0.9 492.3 1 90 60 5 35 10 350 1750 1575 2067.3 2 0.5 199 30 12 20 960 8 120 192 2067.3 199 120 =2578.3 (2) 350 2.5 875 6 / 5250 163
4.5 6 / 27 12 324 2.5 129.6 12 350 2.5 50 125 5250 129.6 125 =5504.6 (3) 5504.6 2578.3 =2926.3 10 2900 290 1 1.135 113% 30 8700 ( 1 4 7 10 ) 4 30 164
165 5
6 13.4% 1.59% 20.79% 1.99% 1.4% 8% B 12 7 166
2% 167
14% 17% 1 1.5 2 6 15 20 60% 80% 168
( ) 0.64 0.48 1% 2% 14% 12.5% 0.1% 2% 169
1 170
2 3 ( 8 ) ( ) 5 4 3 4 1 5 2 5 6 171
5 6 7 1/4 24 28 8 1 172
2 1 1 2 3 30 45 30 173
4 7 10 5% 0.3% 0.2% 5 2 3 174
6 80% 1 175
2 ( ) 40 60 ( ) 35 40 ( ) 50 20 30 20 15 46 66 ( 3 ) 5 0.5 4 3 46 66 4 5 55 3 4 0.5 46 66 30 35 4 5 3 4 0.8 1 176
4 ( ) 40 60 35 40 3 6 10 5 3 30 40 10 30 ( 10 ) 2 0.2 0.3 20 177
( ) ( ) ) 20 ( 20 ) 45 3 V 4 ( ) 5 10 5 10 178
3 5 ( ) 1 (1) 179
180 10 15 (2) (3) 2 3
650 16.5% 10.5% 4.5% 2% 21 8.5% 27 10.2% 12.6% (1) 44% 18% 150 180 ( ) 100 120 181
(2) 15 25 1 1 3 4 1 1 2 3 182
60 150 200 300 3 2 3 (1) 183
2 10 15 20 1 (2) 3 1 184
2 5 3 3 4 1 1 185
20 A 1 5 2 1 2 3% 20 186
20 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 50% 187
(1) 1 (2) 2% 2 3 ( ) 2% 7 3 0.5 1 2 3 5 10 10 10 6 6 6 3 0.5 1 3 2 3 0.1% 1 2 3 0.1% 0.5 1 1 4 188
(1) 5% (2) 3% 0.1% ( ) 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 2 A (1) A 2 21 6 A 2 2 2 (2) 189
5 50 2.5% 0.5 2 2 0.5% 1 2 2 5 7 10 1 4% 2 20 5 6 1 (1) 1 4 6 1 2 4 6 (2) 10 20 10 20 2 2 3 190
3 0.5 1 2.5% 0.5 2 3 0.1 1 3 3% 5 3 20 2 5 41 42 140 / 2 3 (1) 1 2 1 2 A 191
2 2 (2) 2 4 4 2 3 1 2 3 2 C 2 1 C 500 50 40 45 60 1 0.5 6 192
2 3 60 0.05 0.2 5 1 1.5 0.2 0.4 2 50 100 2 1 1 2 2 3 5 10 15 2 A 1 193
6 22 1 5 22 1 5 1% 2% 0.1 0.2 ( ) 7 10 150PPM 4 300PPM ( ) ( ) 194
(1) 5% 10% 20% (2) 2% 7 1 ( )0.1 0.1 7 1 ( )0.05 0.1 2% 3 2% ( 98 2 )3 20% 1000 195
1 0.4% 7 16% 70 0.23% 4 1 41 (1) 5 20 2 3 (2) 0.2 1 3 (3) 70 14 2 3 5 (4) 30 0.02 2 2 196
15 20 3 5 197
40 (1) (2) 2 1 1 1 C 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 (A.P.C) 1/4 2 198
16 8 1 2 2 25 10 1 5 2.5 1 2 1 2 ( 0.1 ) 2 1 2 2 (1) 0.2 2 2 (2) 2 4 2 (3) 8 199
4 2 2 3 (4)2% 20 2 2 30 2 2 1300 2000 1 h2=0.5 0.7 h2 0.5 2 3 16 10% 15% 200
3 3 25% 30% 7% 10% 4 r=0.56 0.65 4 5 r=0.6 5 r=0.8 6 (6 9 ) 12 4 5% 201
1 20 25 2 15 7 60 1 80 90 1 3 2 20% 30% 2 5 8 11 3 1 3 6 9 12 8 6% 10% 2 1 9 8 9 3 202
10 (1) 15% 95% 99% 0.4% 0.7% (2) (3) 16% 18% 5% 8% 1 Cu Co Mg Zn Fe I (4) 1 190 210 / 2 170 180 / 3 203
140 150 / 11 12 13 14 (1) 0.2% 0.3% 6% 27% (2) 1% (ZnSO 4 0.3g CuSO 4 0.3g Fe 2 (SO 4 )30.33g CoCl 2 20.07 100 ) 20% 204
(3) 12 VB 12 250ug 2 3 VB 1 1/4 3 5 15% (4) 0.03% 0.05% 8.5% 9% 50% A A ( 205
) A A A A A A 250 1 20 1 2 3 206
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 207
Na K CO 2 Na K 208
209 VC VC 50mg 200mgVC ( )
210