2005 9 ( 100081) :,,,,,,,, : : F241. 33: A : 1005-1309 (2005) 09-0077- 13 (),,, 2003 10 1, 20032010,,,,,,,? 20 90,,, (, 1995;, 1995;, 1995, 1999, 2001;, 1997;, 2003),,,,,,,, : 2005-08- 23 77
2005 9 :,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,, (),, ;,,,?,?, 2002 9460,,,?, (),, ; () ;,,,,,,,??,, ( ),, 2004 7 10,, 483 244, 239 :,, ;,,,, :, 32,,,,, :,, (67. 6% ) ; (57. 3% ),, 21 30 (53. 7% ), 20 (23. 4% ) 31 40 (23. 0% ) ; 21 30 (48. 5% ), (20 32. 2% ), (31 40 16. 7%, 41 50 2. 5% ) 78
2005 9,, 50. 4%, 49. 6% ; 41. 8% 57. 7%,,,, 70. 9%, 9. 8%, 19. 3% ; 48. 1%, 31. 8%, 20. 1%,,,, 10 13. 5% 810 25% 57 25. 4% 24 28. 3% 1 7. 8% ;,, 1 9. 2% 24 45. 6% 57 33. 5% 810 8. 4% 10 3. 3%,,,, 3 2% 3 6 24. 2% 79 38. 5% 1012 35. 2% ;,, 1012 76. 2%, 79 21. 3% 36 2. 5%, : 2130, ; 2130,,,,,, : ( ) 20 80,,,,,,,,,, 20 80,,, 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79
2005 9 1 (% ) 5. 3 26. 4 65. 2 43. 9 20. 9 15. 5 8. 6 14. 2 1,, 65. 2% 43. 9%,,,,,,, 30 2 () 35. 2 16. 4 2. 9 36. 1 21. 7 53. 3 9. 4 15. 5 5. 9 4. 2 34. 7 15. 9 47. 7 32. 1 2, 483,,,,,,,,,, () : (P io re, 1970) ( ),, ;,,,,,, : (61. 9% )(76. 6% ) ; : (85. 2% )(84. 1% ),,,, 3 (% ) 50. 8 59. 8 37. 3 20. 5 1. 2 0. 4 10. 7 15. 5 0 3. 8 80
2005 9 3,, 20 80, (),, 20 90,,, 1 ( ) 1, (),,,,, (), : 59% 68. 6%, (36. 1% ) (35. 7% ) (20. 9% ) (6. 6% ) (6. 1% ) (2. 5% ),, (39. 3% ) (35. 6% ) (21. 8% ) (15. 9% ) (11. 3% ) (4. 4% ),,, 4 (% ), 41. 8 64. 4 16. 4 15. 1 13. 5 5. 9 12. 3 7. 5 11. 1 2. 1 4. 9 5. 0, 4,,, 81
2005 9,,,, ( ), (),,,,,,,,, 1991,,,,, 20,,,, 1992 1993 2000, 1994,,,,, (W TO ),,,,,,, ;, 2,,, 2%, 10%, 71. 7%, 33. 9% 2,, :,,?, : 82
2005 9,,, ;, (, ),, ;,,,,,, (2004, ), :, ;, ( ), :,?,, (, ), (,,,, ) 3,, ( 76. 2%65. 7% ),, ( 35. 7%27. 2% ) ( 27%49. 8% ),,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,, 5,,, 2. 0% 5. 4% ;, (,,,, 12. 7% 17. 6% ) ;,,, 18. 4% 19. 2%,,,, 43. 0% 23. 8%, 20. 5% 37. 2% 5 (% ), 43. 0 20. 5, 23. 8 37. 2, 18. 4 19. 2, 12. 7 17. 6 2. 0 5. 4 83
2005 9 3( ), ( 6),,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 () (% ) 41. 4 25. 1 27. 9 38. 5 26. 6 30. 1 26. 2 39. 7 15. 6 20. 1 11. 9 16. 3 (), (15 ), 4 :,, ( 39. 8% 53. 6% ), ( ),, ( 5. 3%, ; 17. 2%, ) ( 2. 5%, ; 9. 2%, ) ( 2. 5%, ; 84
2005 9 2. 8%, ) ( 7. 8%, ; 10%, ) ( 11. 1%, ; 13%, ),, 22. 5%, 17. 2% ;, 29. 3%, 24. 7%,,,, 33. 1% ; 11. 9%,,, 4,,,,, :,, () ( 5,, 18. 4%19. 2% ),,,, ( ),, 2003, 2004 8,,, 85
2005 9,,, 1998,,,,,, :, 6 11,, 17 18, 7,,, 7 20 11 30, ( ), 10 1, 4 1,,,, 6 ( ), 12,, 1 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 20, 100 200,,,,, : 2004 10,,,, 10,, (,, )4,,,,,,,,, 3 3 (, ),, 150,,,,,,,, 86
2005 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 34. 8% 25%,, 17. 6%,, 13. 1%, 9. 4%, 36. 8%,, 30. 1%, 11. 7% 8. 8%,, 12. 6%,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 59. 8%48. 5% ),, ( 17. 6%11. 7% ), ( 13. 1% 30. 1% ),,, 60%,,,,,,,,,, 1g3, 1g3 36 1g3 79 1g3 1012 ;,, 1012 76. 2%, 79 21. 3% 36 2. 5%,,,,,,,,, 87
2005 9,?, (28. 7% 29. 7% ),, (29. 1% 36. 8% ),,, 12. 3%, 10% ( 7 ) 7, (% ), 29. 1 36. 8 28. 7 29. 7 26. 2 6. 3 12. 3 10. 0 3. 7 17. 2 (), ( ) ( ),,,,,,,, 23. 8%, 37. 2%,,,, : (34. 8% ) (34. 4% ) (20. 1% ), (9. 4% ) (1. 2% ) (5. 4% ) (30. 1% ) (47. 7% ), (15. 9% ) (0. 8% ),,,,,,,, 2,, 35. 2%,,,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 88
2005 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1.... 1995 7 10 2..., 1995 (4) 3..., 1999 (3) 4..., 2001 (4) 5..., 1995 (4) 6..., 1997 (4) 7..., 2003 (7) 8..., 1997 (2) 9..., 1997 (4) ( : ) 10. P io re. M. J. (1970). T he D ual L abo r M arket: theo ry and app lication. in Barringer, R. and Beer, S. H, (ed. ), T he State and the Poo r, Cam bridge M assw inthop :,,,!,, ( ), ;,,, ;,,, 56. 9%, 43. 1%,, 20 80,, 1995 89