I
32 56 30 ( ) 80 6 2 87 3 40 2 5 62 II
2000 06 III
65 65 (stratified random sampling) T Independent-Samples T test (One-way ANOVA Analysis) T 65~69 IV
( V
...1... 1... 3... 4...5... 5... 15... 18...27... 27... 31... 33... 36... 38...40... 40... 62... 100...100...113...119...120...126...126...135...136...139 VI
2-1... 8 2-2... 11 2-3... 19 2-4... 21 2-5... 22 2-6... 24 3-1... 29 3-2... 29 3-3... 34 4-1A... 41 4-1B... 43 4-2A... 45 4-2B 65... 45 4-2C... 46 4-2D... 46 4-2E... 46 4-3A... 48 4-3B... 49 4-4A... 50 4-4B... 51 4-5A... 52 4-5B... 53 4-6... 54 4-7A... 55 4-7B... 56 4-8A... 58 4-8B... 59 4-9A... 60 4-9B... 60 4-10... 62 4-11... 63 4-12... 63 4-13... 64 4-17A 1~10... 77 VII
4-17B 11~20... 78 4-18A 1~5... 80 4-18B 6~10... 81 4-18C 11~15... 82 4-18D 16~20... 83 4-19A 1~10... 85 4-19B 11~20... 86 4-20A 1~5... 88 4-20B 6~10... 89 4-20C 11~15... 90 4-20D 16~20... 91 4-21A 1~5... 93 4-21B 6~10... 94 4-21C 11~15... 95 4-21D 16~20... 96 4-22A 1~10... 98 4-22B 11~20... 99 VIII
1... 10 2... 31 3... 44 IX
65 7% 65 1998 1994 65 54,585 728,060 7.5% 2000 27 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 65 16. 1
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 53% 51% 57% 1999 65 2
. 65. 50 70 1998 65 3
. 65 65. 4
. aged population 65 60 65 70 1986 65 65 65 65. 1993 5
1 Role Theory B. Philips 1957 2 Subculture Theory Rose 1965 3 Social Competence Theory 4 Age Stratification Theory Foner 1998 6
1991 1 Functionalism 2 Conflict Theory 3 Exchange Theory 4 Symbolic Interactionism (1995) 7
. 1920 1984 1 70 1988 2-1 1988 5.74 1996 7.58 1998 120 125 2-1 8
( ) (%) ( ) (%) 1988 19954397 1145787 5.74 1990 20401305 1268631 6.22 5.60 1993 20995416 1488732 7.09 5.26 1996 21358492 1618140 7.58 2001 22236549 1889636 8.50 16.78 2006 23088896 2121435 9.19 12.27 2016 24451895 2747100 11.23 29.49 2026 25094124 4223668 16.83 53.75 2036 25219973 5172576 20.51 22.49 79-125 1 A. 1999 51.15 8.34 59.49 7.72 14.56 9
4 1 1 B. 1997 1966 5.86 1980 4.82 1985 4.6 1993 1999 3.91 65 0.34 15 0.88 25.80 19.38 14.46 11.49 36.98 65 2-2 10
11 2-2 5551 100.0 638 11.49 727 13.09 802 14.46 1432 25.80 1076 19.38 468 8.42 229 4.12 180 3.24 3.91 87 C. 1996 64.3 1993 2.9 20.63 12.28 2 1.81 2 1997 1998
. 1992 1998 1989 1991 1982 12
1994 65 1998 1993 13
14
. 1993 1987 48 52 Maslow Bradshaw 1998 1 Maslow Maslow 5 A. Physiological need B. Safety need C. Belongings and love need 15
D. esteem need E. need of self-actualization Maslow Maslow 2 Bradshaw Bradshaw A Taxonomy of social need A. normative need B. felt need C. expressed need D. comparative need 1993 16
. 1994 1993 1. 2. 3. 4. 17
18
1994 1989 16 1999 39.48 4.8 58.28 8.0 45.83 12.45 2.20 3.2 2-3 2-3 19
100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 0 44.31 50.26 5.43 0.00 39.48 45.83 12.45 2.20 0.05 44.80 44.89 8.62 1.60 0.09 33.01 46.97 17.10 2.92 0.00 1. 2. Langer Rodin 1976 1999 20
21 26.35 52.76 20.89 2-4 2-4 1. 2. 1994
52.32 4.0 36.45 44.36 7.6 6.8 10.68 2-5 2-5 1. 2. 1999 100.00 29.12 15.24 48.28 6.82 0.54 99.99 26.64 9.81 52.32 10.68 0.54 100.69 38.40 9.69 38.93 13.14 0.53 100.00 12.34 9.96 68.61 8.55 0.54 100 25 22
(2000) 65 1994 1999 2-6 85 72.53% 88 69.20 3.3 4.30 7.47 23
2-6 1. 2. 100.04 72.53 16.07 0.96 5.79 4.30 0.39 100.00 69.20 15.08 0.44 3.95 7.47 3.86 100.00 63.73 19.56 0.44 4.18 8.98 3.11 99.99 75.87 9.63 0.43 3.68 5.63 4.75 1996 20~30 24
1994 1997 1. 2. 3. 1999 25
1999 1994 26
27
. ( ) ( 43%) 65 (stratified random sampling) 52 65 1045 24 120 24 28
100% 87.5% 3-1 3-1. ( ) 20 3-2 3-2 29
5 5 4 3 1 2 10 10 30
. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 4. 8. 5. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. ( 4-1b) ( ) ( ) ( ) (65~69 70~74 75 ) 31
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).. 32
9 7 6 25 34 20 65 40 29 ( 9 20 ) t 3-3 33
3-3 1 2 3 4 5 0.728** 0.539** -0.19 0.681** 0.714** 6 7 8 9 10 0.679** 0.622** 0.641** 0.450* 0.650** 11 12 13 14 15 0.116 0.513** 0.610** 0.18 0.557** 16 17 18 19 20 0.883** 0.694** 0.492** 0.186 0.733** 21 22 23 24 25 0.704** 0.56** 0.581** 0.181 0.643** * r>.25;** r>.50 (validity of measurement) ( ) (criterion-related validity) ( 1997) 65 (reliability of measurement) ( 1996) ( 1997) 34
9 20 1 5 6 10 11 15 16 20 4 3 2 1 t (r ) t (t <0) (r<0.25) 35
. 120 65 (1991) (1994) (1996) 9 20 29 1. 36
20 2. 40 3. 65 120. 20 37
SPSS 8.0 (Descriptive Statistics Analysis) ( ) ( ) ( ) t (Independent-Samples T Test) (65~69 70~74 75 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (One-Way ANOVA) 38
39
65 1045 ( ) 24 120 120 120 100% 109 90.83% 4-1a ( ) 4-1b 40
4-1a (%) 1. 109 100% 54 49.54 55 50.46 2. 109 100% 65~69 31 28.44 70~74 42 38.53 75 36 33.03 3. 109 100% 0 0.00 ( ) 80 73.39 ( ) 27 24.77 0 0.00 2 1.84 4. 109 100% 9 8.26 40 36.70 27 24.77 32 29.36 0 0.00 0 0.00 ( ) 1 0.92 0 0.00 5. 109 100% 46 42.20 32 29.36 30 27.53 1 0.92 6. 109 100% 27 24.77 ( ) 15 13.76 ( ) 39 35.78 28 25.69 41
7. 109 100% 46 42.2 1 0.92 23 21.1 6 5.50 0 0.00 33 30.28 8. 109 100% 5 4.60 42 38.50 23 21.10 23 21.10 11 10.10 1 0.90 2 1.80 0 0.00 2 1.80 9. 109 100% 23 21.1 81 74.31 4 3.67 0 0.00 1 0.92 42
4-1b (%) 1. 109 100% 54 49.54 55 50.46 2. 109 100% 65~69 31 28.44 70~74 42 38.53 75 36 33.03 3. 109 100% ( ) 80 73.39 ( ) 29 26.61 4. 109 100% ( ) 10 9.17 40 36.7 27 24.77 ( 32 29.36 ) 5. 109 100% 46 42.2 32 29.36 ( ) 31 28.44 6. 109 100% 27 24.77 ( ) 15 13.76 ( ) 39 35.78 28 25.69 7. 109 100% 46 42.20 ( 63 57.8 ) 8. 109 100% 5 4.60 42 38.50 23 21.10 ( 39 35.80 ) 9. 109 100% 23 21.1 81 74.31 ( ) 5 4.59 43
54 50.46% 55 49.54% 3 1997 85 11 922,882 ( 65 54.6%) 767,100 ( 65 45.4%) 9.2 50.46% 49.54% 3 65~69 70~74 75 3 70~74 (38.53%) 65~69 (28.44%) 44
4-2a 1997 85 11 65 7.86% 82 12 1997 (65 ) 88 7.5% 2000 (65 ) 4-2b 4-2a (%) 65~69 9 22 31 28.44 70~74 20 22 42 38.53 25 75 11 36 33.03 109 100% 4-2b 65 (%) 65~69 9940 9910 19850 36.37 70~74 9024 7207 16231 29.74 9374 75 9130 18504 33.90 54585 100% (2000) 45
4-2c (%) 65~69 4237 3932 8169 34.77 70~74 4330 2919 7249 30.85 4576 75 3502 8078 34.38 23496 100% (2000) 4-2d (%) 65~69 2333 2099 4432 34.02 70~74 2564 1541 4105 31.52 2668 75 1820 4488 34.46 13025 100% (2000) 4-2e (%) 65~69 1904 1833 3737 35.69 70~74 1766 1378 3144 30.02 1908 75 1682 3590 34.29 10471 100% (2000) 4-2a 4-2b 46
( 4-2c 4-2d 4-2e) 4-2d 4-2e 4-2a 4-2b 4-2c 4-2d 4-2e 4-2a 4-2b 4-2c 4-2d 4-2e 70~74 70~74 ( ) (70~74 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) (73.39%) ( ) (24.77%) 0 2 4-3a 4-3a 4-3b ( 4-3b) 1997 65 85 11 (61.67%) 47
(31.72%) 4.60% 2.01% 4-3a (%) 0 0 0 0 46 ( ) 34 8 ( ) 19 0 0 80 73.39 27 24.77 0 0 0 2 2 1.84 109 100% 48
4-3b (%) 46 ( ) 34 ( 8 ) 21 80 73.39 29 26.61 109 100% 8 (36.7%) (29.36%) 24.77% 3 8.26% 0.92% 3 0% 4-4a 4-4a 4-4b 4 ( 4-4b) 1997 65 85 11 49
64% 82 12 66% 3 2 36.7% 36.7% 24.77% 29.36% 54.13% 4-4a (%) 50
1 8 9 8.26 21 19 40 36.7 7 20 27 24.77 24 32 8 29.36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 1 ) 0 1 0.92 0 0 0 0 109 100% 4-4b (%) ( 2 ) 8 10 9.17 21 19 40 36.70 7 20 27 24.77 ( 24 32 8 ) 29.36 109 100% 51
4 (42.2%) (29.36%) (27.53%) 4-5a 4-5a 4-5b 2 ( 4-5b) 1997 65 85 11 (50.26%) 44.31% 5.43% 4-5a (%) 52
24 22 46 42.2 12 32 20 29.36 18 30 12 27.53 0 1 1 0.92 109 100% 4-5b (%) 24 46 42.20 22 12 32 29.36 20 ( 18 31 28.44 13 ) 109 100% ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) (35.78%) ( ) (13.76%) 4-6 1997 65 85 11 39.05% 31.49% ( ) (7.84%) (7.77%) 53
(7.09%) (3.78%) (2.97%) ( ) 85 11 4-6 (%) 9 18 27 24.77 ( ) 2 13 15 13.76 ( ) 24 15 39 35.78 19 9 28 25.69 109 100 6 (42.2%) (30.28%) 0.92% 0% 54
4-7a 4-7a 4-7b 5 ( 4-7b) 4-7a (%) 26 46 42.2 20 1 0 1 0.92 17 6 23 21.1 5 6 5.5 1 0 0 0 0 5 28 33 30.28 109 100% 55
4-7b (%) 26 46 42.20 20 ( 28 63 57.80 ) 37 109 100% 9 100% (41.28%) (28.44%) (25.69%) 3 2 0 4-8a 4-8a 4-8b 6 ( 4-8b) (1997) 85 11 65 ( ) (64.12%) ( ) (25.58%) 56
(19.02%) ( ) (13.25%) (8.37%) (1.91%) (0.25%) 41.28% 1997 64.12% 19.02% 57
4-8a (%) 3 2 5 4.60 25 17 42 38.50 15 8 23 21.10 6 17 23 21.10 1 10 11 10.10 0 1 1 0.90 2 0 2 1.80 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 2 1.80 109 100% 58
4-8b (%) 3 2 5 4.60 25 17 42 38.50 15 8 23 21.10 ( 11 39 35.80 28 ) 109 100% 5 (74.31%) (21.1%) 2 2 (0.92%) (0%) 4-9a 4-9a 4-9b 3 ( 4-9b) 59
4-9a (%) 11 23 21.1 12 40 41 81 74.31 3 1 4 3.67 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.92 109 100 4-9b (%) 11 23 21.10 12 40 41 81 74.31 ( 3 ) 2 5 4.59 109 100 (73.39% ( 42.2% 29.36%) 36.7 24.77% 29.36% 35.78% 25.69% 4-6 60
42.2 41.28% 95 74.31% 21.1% 61
( ) ( t ) 5 5 5 5 20 4-10 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-10 01. 11 2.16 02. 9 2.46 03. 5 2.66 04. 4 2.86 05. 5 2.53 62
4-11 06. 6 2.44 07. 17 2.06 08. 7 2.81 09. 6 2.57 10. 2 3.05 4-12 11. 3 2.89 12. 10 2.17 13. 10 2.16 14. 12 2.04 15. 4 3.08 63
4-13 16. 1 3.25 17. 3 2.98 18. 3 3.08 19. 3 3.21 20. 5 2.96 t t t t (Indepentent-Samples T Test).05.05 F (homogeneity-of-variance test) Levene F (P<.05) t (Cochran & Cox method 64
1950) F (P>.05) t (pooled-variance t test) ( ) t ( ) 4-14a 4-14b 4-14a 4-14b 20 1 3 6 7 12 13 14 16 18 9 1. 1~5 1 ( 4-14a) 3 ( 4-14a) 2. 6~10 6 ( 4-14a) 7 ( 4-14a) 65
3. 11~15 12 ( 4-14b) 13 ( 4-14b) 14 ( 4-14b) 4. 16~20 16 ( 4-14b) 18 ( 4-14b) 1930 66
67
4-14a 1~10 t (Leven s test) F T 01 54 2.0370 0.5816 6.289 0.014-1.860 107 0.066 55 2.2727 0.7317 * 02 54 2.4444 0.8165 55 2.5926 0.7163 1.077 0.302-0.192 107 0.848 03 54 2.5926 0.8359 7.958 0.006-0.955 107 0.342 55 2.7232 0.6223 ** 04 05 06 54 2.8889 0.6914 55 2.8364 0.6876 54 2.4815 0.7458 55 2.5818 0.7376 54 2.2778 0.7115 55 2.6000 0.7601 0.099 0.753-0.955 107 0.342 0.001 0.975-0.706 107 0.692 1.928 0.168-2.284 107 0.024 * 07 54 1.9630 0.5816 4.025 0.047-1.441 107 0.153 55 2.1455 0.7308 * 08 09 10 54 2.8333 0.7709 55 2.7818 0.8540 54 2.6111 0.8107 55 2.5273 0.7417 54 3.1111 0.6040 55 2.9818 0.6802 1.332 0.251 0.330 107 0.153 0.351 0.555 0.563 107 0.574 0.131 0.718 1.049 107 0.297 * P<.05 68
4-14b 11~20 t (Leven s test) 11 54 2.8333 0.7203 55 2.9455 0.8032 F T 0.079 0.779-0.767 107 0.445 12 54 2.0370 0.5816 6.585 0.012-2.276 107 0.025 55 2.3091 0.6631 * * 13 54 2.0370 0.5816 4.637 0.034-1.992 107 0.049 55 2.2727 0.6513 * * 14 15 54 1.9259 0.4699 55 2.1455 0.6212 54 3.0185 0.7135 55 3.1455 0.6782 1.893 0.172-2.078 107 0.040 0.933 0.336-0.952 107 0.343 * 16 54 3.1481 0.5633 6.379 0.013-1.746 107 0.084 55 3.3455 0.6152 * 17 18 19 20 54 2.9074 0.6225 55 3.0545 0.7050 54 2.9444 0.7376 55 3.2182 0.6856 54 3.1296 0.6157 55 3.2909 0.6287 54 2.8704 0.7782 55 3.0545 0.8259 1.187 0.278-1.154 107 0.251 0.250 0.618-2.007 107 0.047 * 2.585 0.111-1.353 107 0.179 1.359 0.246-1.198 107 0.234 * P<.05 69
( ) t ( ) 4-15a 4-15b 4-15a 4-15b 20 4 9 10 11 4 1. 1~5 4 ( 4-15a) 2. 6~10 9 ( 4-15a) 10 ( 4-15a) 3. 11~15 11 ( 4-15b) 4. 16~20 ( 4-15b) 70
4-15a 1~10 t (Leven s test) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 80 2.1625 0.6645 29 2.1379 0.6930 80 2.5125 0.7955 29 2.3103 0.6603 80 2.7205 0.7627 29 2.4828 0.6336 80 2.9500 0.6541 29 2.6207 0.7277 80 2.6000 0.7564 29 2.3448 0.6695 80 2.4500 0.7446 29 2.4138 0.7800 80 2.0500 0.7098 29 2.0690 0.5299 80 2.8875 0.7955 29 2.5862 0.8245 80 2.6625 0.7947 29 2.3103 0.6603 80 3.1250 0.6033 29 2.8276 0.7106 F T 0.037 0.847 0.169 107 0.866 2.947 0.089 1.223 107 0.224 0.651 0.422 1.529 107 0.129 3.786 0.054 2.254 107 0.026 1.478 0.227 1.602 107 0.112 0.019 0.889 0.222 107 0.825 0.952 0.331-0.131 107 0.896 1.446 0.232 1.731 107 0.086 2.514 0.116 2.133 107 0.035 1.307 0.255 2.167 107 0.032 * * * * P<.05 71
4-15b 11~20 t (Leven s test) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 80 2.9875 0.7546 29 2.6207 0.7277 80 2.1875 0.6768 29 2.1379 0.5158 80 2.1250 0.6239 29 2.2414 0.6356 80 2.0250 0.5731 29 2.0690 0.5299 80 3.1375 0.6889 29 2.9310 0.7036 80 3.2375 0.6005 29 3.2759 0.5914 80 2.9625 0.7016 29 3.0345 0.5659 80 3.1125 0.7462 29 3.0000 0.6547 80 3.1875 0.6768 29 3.2759 0.4549 80 2.9500 0.8098 29 3.0000 0.8018 F T 0.958 0.330 2.263 107 0.026 1.806 0.182 0.358 107 0.721 0.732 0.394-0.856 107 0.394 0.094 0.759-0.361 107 0.719 0.034 0.854 1.375 107 0.172 0.092 0.762-0.296 107 0.768 0.821 0.367-0.497 107 0.620 1.132 0.290 0.718 107 0.475 0.961 0.329-0.651 107 0.517 0.036 0.850-0.286 107 0.776 * * P<.05 72
( ) t ( ) 4-16a 4-16b 4-16a 4-16b 20 2 6 17 3 1. 1~5 2 ( 4-16a) 2. 6~10 6 ( 4-16a) 3. 11~15 ( 4-16b) 4. 16~20 17 ( 4-16b) 73
4-16a 1~10 t (Leven s test) F T 01 46 2.0217 0.5769 6.605 0.012-1.808 107 0.073 63 2.2540 0.7177 * 02 03 04 05 46 2.2069 0.6810 63 2.6032 0.7939 46 2.6304 0.7705 63 2.6825 0.7145 46 2.8913 0.7046 63 2.8413 0.6770 46 2.5870 0.7173 63 2.4921 0.7593 2.708 0.103-2.358 107 0.020 * 0.847 0.359-0.364 107 0.717 0.030 0.863 0.374 107 0.709 0.163 0.687 0.659 107 0.511 06 46 2.1957 0.6189 9.326 0.003-3.015 107 0.003 63 2.6190 0.7917 ** ** 07 08 09 10 46 2.0217 0.6494 63 2.0794 0.6792 46 2.7174 0.7502 63 2.8730 0.8518 46 2.4348 0.6881 63 2.6667 0.8231 46 3.0217 0.7146 63 3.0635 0.5922 0.104 0.748-0.446 107 0.657 0.016 0.898-0.990 107 0.324 2.143 0.146-1.554 107 0.123 1.138 0.253-0.333 107 0.740 * P<.05, ** P<.01 74
4-16b 11~20 t (Leven s test) F T 11 12 13 14 15 16 46 2.8261 0.7690 63 2.9365 0.7593 46 2.1522 0.5565 63 2.1905 0.6923 46 2.1739 0.6075 63 2.1429 0.6440 46 2.0217 0.4467 63 2.0476 0.6332 46 3.1087 0.6404 63 3.0635 0.7378 46 3.2826 0.5836 63 3.2222 0.6076 0.670 0.415-0.746 107 0.457 0.888 0.348-0.309 107 0.758 0.036 0.850 0.255 107 0.800 1.791 0.184-0.237 107 0.813 1.354 0.247 0.334 107 0.739 0.150 0.699 0.521 107 0.603 17 46 3.0217 0.5370 6.964 0.010 0.535 107 0.594 63 2.9524 0.7498 * 18 19 20 46 3.0652 0.6464 63 3.0952.07770 46 3.2174 0.5543 63 3.2063 0.6758 46 3.0000 0.7601 63 2.9365 0.8400 2.884 0.092-0.214 107 0.831 1.407 0.238 0.091 107 0.928 0.543 0.463 0.405 107 0.686 * P<.05 75
.05.05 ( ) ( 4-17a 4-17b) 4-17a 4-17b 20 12 17 18 3 1. 1~5 ( 4-17a) 2. 6~10 ( 4-17a) 3. 11~15 ( 4-17b) 12 65~69 70~74 75 4. 16~20 ( 4-17b) 17 65~69 70~74 75 18 65~69 70~74 75 76
4-17a 1~10 F 01 65~69 31 2.3226 0.6525 1.442 0.241 70~74 42 2.1190 0.7715 75 36 2.0556 0.5315 02 65~69 31 2.6452 0.7978 1.508 0.26 70~74 42 2.3333 0.7861 75 36 2.4444 0.6947 03 65~69 31 2.8065 0.7033 0.873 0.421 70~74 42 2.6190 0.7636 75 36 2.5833 0.7319 04 65~69 31 2.9355 0.6800 0.296 0.744 70~74 42 2.8571 0.6833 75 36 2.8056 0.7099 05 65~69 31 2.6452 0.7978 0.515 0.599 70~74 42 2.5000 0.7408 75 36 2.4722 0.6964 06 65~69 31 2.4839 0.1381 0.419 0.659 70~74 42 2.3571 0.1172 75 36 2.5000 0.1228 07 65~69 31 2.1935 1.9536 2.468 0.090 70~74 42 1.8810 1.6838 75 36 2.1389 1.9079 08 65~69 31 2.9355 0.8139 0.660 0.519 70~74 42 2.7143 0.8913 75 36 2.8056 0.7099 09 65~69 31 2.6129 0.8032 0.070 0.932 70~74 42 2.5476 0.7715 75 36 2.5556 0.7725 10 65~69 31 3.1290 0.6704 0.490 0.614 70~74 42 3.0476 0.5389 75 36 2.9722 0.7362 * P<.05 77
4-17b 11~20 F 11 65~69 31 2.9032 0.8309 0.444 0.643 70~74 42 2.8095 0.7404 75 36 2.9722 0.7362 12 65~69 31 2.4194 0.7648 3.397 0.037 70~74 42 2.0952 0.6172 * 75 36 2.0556 0.4748 13 65~69 31 2.2903 0.6426 1.029 0.361 70~74 42 2.1190 0.6700 75 36 2.0833 0.5542 14 65~69 31 2.0968 0.5388 0.263 0.769 70~74 42 2.0238 0.6435 75 36 2.0000 0.4781 15 65~69 31 3.1290 0.7148 0.821 0.443 70~74 42 2.9762 0.8111 75 36 3.1667 0.5071 16 65~69 31 3.3226 0.5993 1.067 0.348 70~74 42 3.1429 0.5662 75 36 3.3056 0.6242 17 65~69 31 3.1935 0.6011 4.819 0.010 70~74 42 3.0476 0.5824 * 75 36 2.7222 0.7411 18 65~69 31 3.3871 0.5584 4.464 0.014 70~74 42 3.0238 0.7153 * 75 36 2.8889 0.7848 19 65~69 31 3.3226 0.5993 2.404 0.095 70~74 42 3.2857 0.5962 75 36 3.0278 0.6540 20 65~69 31 3.2258 0.7169 3.031 0.052 70~74 42 2.9524 0.7636 75 36 2.7500 0.8742 * P<.05 78
( ) ( 4-18a 4-18b 4-18c 4-18d) 4-18a 4-18b 4-18c 4-18d 20 4 11 2 1. 1~5 4 ( 4-18a) 2. 6~10 ( 4-18b) 3. 11~15 ( 4-18c) 11 ( 4-18c) 4. 16~20 ( 4-18d) 79
4-18a 1~5 F 01 10 2.0000 0.4714 0.204 0.893 40 2.1750 0.6751 27 2.1852 0.7357 32 2.1563 0.6773 02 10 2.3000 0.6749 0.920 0.434 40 2.5000 0.7511 27 2.2963 0.6688 32 2.5938 0.8747 03 10 2.5000 0.7071 0.816 0.488 40 2.7000 0.6485 27 2.5185 0.7000 32 2.7813 0.8701 04 10 2.5000 0.9718 3.290 0.024 40 2.9500 0.5524 * 27 2.6296 0.6877 32 3.0625 0.6690 05 10 2.3000 0.6749 1.509 0.217 40 2.6250 0.6675 27 2.3333 0.7845 32 2.6563 0.7874 * P<.05 80
4-18b 6~10 F 06 10 2.4000 0.8433 0.012 0.998 40 2.4500 0.7494 27 2.4444 0.6980 32 2.4375 0.8007 07 10 2.1000 0.5676 0.111 0.953 40 2.0500 0.7494 27 2.0000 0.5547 32 2.0938 0.6891 08 10 2.4000 0.8433 1.914 0.132 40 3.0000 0.7845 27 2.6667 0.8321 32 2.8125 0.7803 09 10 2.3000 0.6749 2.400 0.072 40 2.7250 0.8161 27 2.2963 0.6086 32 2.6875 0.8206 10 10 2.7000 0.8233 2.272 0.084 40 3.1750 0.5495 27 2.8889 0.6405 32 3.1250 0.6599 * P<.05 81
4-18c 11~15 11 10 2.2000 0.6325 40 2.7750 0.7675 27 2.8889 0.8006 32 3.2500 0.5680 12 10 2.2000 0.6325 40 2.1500 0.6622 27 2.1481 0.5338 32 2.2188 0.7064 13 10 2.3000 0.6749 40 2.2250 0.7334 27 2.1111 0.5064 32 2.0625 0.5644 14 10 2.0000 0.4714 40 2.0500 0.5970 27 2.0741 0.5495 32 2.0000 0.5680 15 10 2.9000 0.8756 40 3.2750 0.5541 27 2.8889 0.6980 32 3.0625 0.7594 * P<.05, ** P<.01 F 6.204 0.001 ** 0.090 0.965 0.616 0.606 0.105 0.957 2.012 0.117 82
4-18d 16~20 F 16 10 3.5000 0.5270 2.061 0.110 40 3.2500 0.5430 27 3.0370 0.7586 32 3.3438 0.4826 17 10 3.1000 0.3162 1.367 0.257 40 2.8750 0.7228 27 2.8889 0.7511 32 3.1563 0.5741 18 10 3.1000 0.5676 0.227 0.877 40 3.0750 0.7970 27 3.0000 0.7845 32 3.1563 0.6278 19 10 3.3000 0.4830 0.200 0.896 40 3.2000 0.6869 27 3.1481 0.7181 32 3.2500 0.5080 20 10 3.4000 0.5164 1.954 0.126 40 2.8750 0.7906 27 2.7778 0.9337 32 3.0938 0.7344 * P<.05 83
( ) ( 4-19a 4-19b) 4-19a 4-19b 20 2 8 2 1. 1~5 2 ( 4-19a) 2. 6~10 ( 4-19a) 8 ( 4-19a) 3. 11~15 ( 4-19b) 4. 16~20 ( 4-19b) 84
4-19a 1~10 F 01 46 2.1304 0.8058 0.081 0.922 32 2.1563 0.5149 31 2.1935 0.6011 02 46 2.3043 0.9812 3.981 0.022 32 2.3750 0.6091 * 31 2.7742 0.6170 03 46 2.5000 0.8097 1.929 0.150 32 2.7813 0.6082 31 2.7742 0.7169 04 46 2.8043 0.7489 0.281 0.756 32 2.9063 0.5880 31 2.9032 0.7002 05 46 2.4348 0.7790 0.690 0.504 32 2.5938 0.6652 31 2.6129 0.7606 06 46 2.3696 0.8527 1.383 0.255 32 2.6250 0.7513 31 2.3548 0.5507 07 46 2.0652 0.8001 0.901 0.409 32 1.9375 0.5040 31 2.1613 0.5829 08 46 2.5652 0.9346 3.744 0.027 32 3.0000 0.7184 * 31 2.9677 0.6046 09 46 2.4565 0.8617 1.631 0.201 32 2.5313 0.7177 31 2.7742 0.6688 10 46 2.9783 0.7146 0.434 0.649 32 3.0938 0.5303 31 3.0968 0.6509 * P<.05 85
4-19b 11~20 F 11 46 2.8913 0.8493 0.112 0.894 32 2.8438 0.7666 31 2.9355 0.6290 12 46 2.1304 0.7486 0.215 0.807 32 2.1875 0.5351 31 2.2258 0.5603 13 46 2.1087 0.7372 0.578 0.563 32 2.1250 0.5536 31 2.2581 0.5143 14 46 2.0435 0.6978 0.102 0.903 32 2.0625 0.4353 31 2.0000 0.4472 15 46 2.9130 0.8117 2.834 0.063 32 3.2813 0.5227 31 3.1290 0.6187 16 46 3.2826 0.6884 0.882 0.417 32 3.3125 0.5351 31 3.1290 0.4995 17 46 3.0870 0.6937 0.994 0.374 32 2.9063 0.6891 31 2.9032 0.5975 18 46 3.1957 0.7186 1.988 0.142 32 3.1250 0.7071 31 2.8710 0.7184 19 46 3.2826 0.6553 1.222 0.299 32 3.2500 0.6222 31 3.0645 0.5736 20 46 3.0870 0.8387 0.940 0.394 32 2.8750 0.7931 31 2.8710 0.7634 * P<.05 86
( ) ( 4-20a 4-20b 4-20c 4-20d) 4-20a 4-20b 4-20c 4-20d 20 6 1 1. 1~5 ( 4-20a) 2. 6~10 ( 4-20b) 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3. 11~15 ( 4-20c) 4. 16~20 ( 4-20d) 87
4-20a 1~5 F 01 ( ) 27 2.2222 0.7511 0.296 0.828 ( ) 15 2.2000 0.8619 ( ) 39 2.0769 0.5797 ( ) 28 2.1786 0.6118 02 ( ) 27 2.6296 0.8835 0.780 0.508 ( ) 15 2.5333 0.9155 ( ) 39 2.3846 0.6734 ( ) 28 2.3571 0.6785 03 ( ) 27 2.8148 0.7863 0.911 0.438 ( ) 15 2.4667 0.6399 ( ) 39 2.5897 0.7152 ( ) 28 2.7143 0.7629 04 ( ) 27 2.9630 0.6493 1.183 0.320 ( ) 15 2.6000 0.7368 ( ) 39 2.8205 0.6833 ( ) 28 2.9643 0.6929 05 ( ) 27 2.5926 0.8439 0.216 0.885 ( ) 15 2.4000 0.7368 ( ) 39 2.5385 0.7199 ( ) 28 2.5357 0.6929 * P<.05 88
4-20b 6~10 06 ( ) 27 2.8889 0.8006 ( ) 15 2.6000 0.9856 ( ) 39 2.3846 0.5901 ( ) 28 2.0000 0.4714 07 ( ) 27 2.0741 0.8286 ( ) 15 2.0667 0.7988 ( ) 39 2.1538 0.6299 ( ) 28 1.8929 0.4163 08 ( ) 27 2.8889 0.8473 ( ) 15 2.8000 0.9411 ( ) 39 2.8205 0.7564 ( ) 28 2.7143 0.8100 09 ( ) 27 2.5185 0.8024 ( ) 15 2.6000 0.9103 ( ) 39 2.7436 0.7511 ( ) 28 2.3571 0.6785 10 ( ) 27 3.1111 0.5064 ( ) 15 2.9333 0.7988 ( ) 39 3.0256 0.6684 ( ) 28 3.0714 0.6627 * P<.05, ** P<.01 F 8.036 0.000 ** 0.849 0.470 0.213 0.887 1.423 0.240 0.267 0.849 89
4-20c 11~15 F 11 ( ) 27 2.8889 0.8473 1.607 0.192 ( ) 15 3.2667 0.7988 ( ) 39 2.8462 0.7085 ( ) 28 2.7500 0.7005 12 ( ) 27 2.2593 0.7642 0.928 0.430 ( ) 15 2.3333 0.8997 ( ) 39 2.1538 0.5399 ( ) 28 2.0357 0.4288 13 ( ) 27 2.1111 0.6405 0.371 0.774 ( ) 15 2.2667 0.8837 ( ) 39 2.1026 0.5024 ( ) 28 2.2143 0.6299 14 ( ) 27 2.1481 0.7181 0.565 0.639 ( ) 15 1.9333 0.7037 ( ) 39 2.0256 0.4860 ( ) 28 2.0000 0.3849 15 ( ) 27 3.0000 0.7338 0.351 0.788 ( ) 15 3.1333 0.8338 ( ) 39 3.0513 0.6468 ( ) 28 3.1786 0.6696 * P<.05 90
4-20d 16~20 F 16 ( ) 27 3.3333 0.5547 0.545 0.653 ( ) 15 3.2667 0.7037 ( ) 39 3.1538 0.5399 ( ) 28 3.2857 0.6587 17 ( ) 27 3.0000 0.7845 0.752 0.523 ( ) 15 3.2000 0.6761 ( ) 39 2.8974 0.6405 ( ) 28 2.9643 0.5762 18 ( ) 27 3.2963 0.6086 1.623 0.188 ( ) 15 3.2000 0.8619 ( ) 39 2.9231 0.7028 ( ) 28 3.0357 0.7445 19 ( ) 27 3.3704 0.5649 1.232 0.302 ( ) 15 3.2667 0.7988 ( ) 39 3.0769 0.5797 ( ) 28 3.2143 0.6299 20 ( ) 27 3.1111 0.8473 0.976 0.407 ( ) 15 3.0667 0.8837 ( ) 39 2.7949 0.7671 ( ) 28 3.0000 0.7698 * P<.05 91
( ) ( 4-21a 4-21b 4-21c 4-21d) 4-21a 4-21b 4-21c 4-21d 20 6 1 1. 1~5 ( 4-21a) 2. 6~10 ( 4-21b) 6 3. 11~15 ( 4-21c) 4. 16~20 ( 4-21d) 92
4-21a 1~5 F 01 5 1.8000 0.4472 0.676 0.568 42 2.1190 0.6325 23 2.1739 0.7777 39 2.2308 0.6673 02 5 2.6000 1.1402 0.464 0.708 42 2.3571 0.7594 23 2.5652 0.8435 39 2.4872 0.6833 03 5 2.6000 1.1402 0.757 0.521 42 2.6190 0.7636 23 2.5217 0.7305 39 2.7949 0.6561 04 5 2.4000 1.1402 1.242 0.298 42 2.9286 0.7120 23 2.7391 0.6192 39 2.9231 0.6234 05 5 2.4000 1.1402 1.223 0.305 42 2.5476 0.7392 23 2.3043 0.6350 39 2.6667 0.7375 * P<.05 93
4-21b 6~10 06 5 2.6000 0.8944 42 2.1492 0.5213 23 2.1739 0.6503 39 2.8974 0.7879 07 5 2.2000 1.0954 42 1.9286 0.4629 23 1.9130 0.6683 39 2.2564 0.7511 08 5 2.6000 1.1402 42 2.7381 0.8281 23 2.6522 0.7751 39 3.0000 0.7609 09 5 2.6000 0.8944 42 2.5000 0.7730 23 2.5652 0.7878 39 2.6410 0.7776 10 5 3.0000 0.7071 42 3.0476 0.7636 23 3.0435 0.5623 39 3.0513 0.5595 * P<.05, ** P<.01 F 10.096 0.000 ** 2.202 0.092 1.235 0.301 0.222 0.881 0.009 0.999 94
4-21c 11~15 F 11 5 2.4000 0.8944 2.046 0.112 42 2.7381 0.7345 23 3.0000 0.6742 39 3.0513 0.7930 12 5 2.2000 1.0954 0.619 0.604 42 2.1190 0.5501 23 2.0870 0.6683 39 0.2821 0.6468 13 5 1.8000 0.4472 0.817 0.487 42 2.1667 0.5809 23 2.0870 0.6683 39 2.2308 0.6673 14 5 2.2000 1.0954 0.805 0.494 42 1.9762 0.4679 23 1.9565 0.5623 39 2.1282 0.5703 15 5 2.8000 1.3038 2.000 0.119 42 3.1190 0.6700 23 2.8261 0.6503 39 3.2308 0.6267 * P<.05 95
4-21d 16~20 F 16 5 3.0000 1.0000 0.353 0.787 42 3.2619 0.5868 23 3.2174 0.5184 39 3.2821 0.6047 17 5 3.0000 1.0000 0.009 0.999 42 2.9762 0.6044 23 3.0000 0.6742 39 2.9744 0.7066 18 5 3.2000 0.8367 0.465 0.708 42 3.0238 0.7486 23 3.0000 0.7977 39 3.1795 0.6437 19 5 3.4000 0.5477 0.507 0.678 42 3.1429 0.6466 23 3.1739 0.7168 39 3.2821 0.5595 20 5 3.6000 0.5477 1.286 0.283 42 2.9762 0.8111 23 2.8261 0.8869 39 2.9487 0.7591 * P<.05 96
( ) ( 4-22a 4-22b) 4-22a 4-22b 20 2 7 2 1. 1~5 2 ( 4-22a) 2. 6~10 ( 4-22a) 7 ( 4-22a) 3. 11~15 ( 4-22b) ( 4-22b) 4. 16~20 ( 4-22b) ( 4-22b) 97
4-22a 1~10 F 01 23 2.2609 0.6192 1.702 0.187 81 2.0988 0.6634 5 2.6000 0.8944 02 23 2.4783 0.5931 4.334 0.016 81 2.3951 0.7855 * 5 3.4000 0.5477 03 23 2.6522 0.7141 2.754 0.068 81 2.6173 0.7343 5 3.4000 0.5477 04 23 2.7826 0.7359 1.719 0.184 81 2.8519 0.6729 5 3.4000 0.5477 05 23 2.4783 0.7305 2.195 0.116 81 2.5062 0.7267 5 3.2000 0.8367 06 23 2.4783 0.6653 2.929 0.058 81 2.3827 0.7511 5 3.2000 0.8367 07 23 2.2174 0.5997 7.565 0.001 81 1.9506 0.6104 ** 5 3.0000 1.0000 08 23 2.6087 0.7223 1.350 0.264 81 2.8395 0.8285 5 3.2000 0.8367 09 23 2.4348 0.7278 2.045 0.134 81 2.5679 0.7736 5 3.2000 0.8367 10 23 2.7826 0.7952 3.065 0.051 81 3.0988 0.5832 5 3.4000 0.5477 * P<.05, ** P<.01 98
4-22b 11~20 F 11 23 3.0000 0.7977 0.317 0.729 81 2.8642 0.7542 5 2.8000 0.8367 12 23 2.3913 0.7223 1.767 0.176 81 2.1111 0.6124 5 2.2000 0.4472 13 23 2.3478 0.7141 1.442 0.241 81 2.0988 0.6043 5 2.2000 0.4472 14 23 2.0870 0.4170 3.045 0.052 81 1.9877 0.5589 5 2.6000 0.8944 15 23 3.0870 0.5964 0.553 0.577 81 3.0617 0.7305 5 3.4000 0.5477 16 23 3.1304 0.6944 1.344 0.265 81 3.2593 0.5652 5 3.6000 0.5477 17 23 2.9565 0.7057 1.034 0.359 81 2.9630 0.6412 5 3.4000 0.8944 18 23 2.9565 0.7674 0.476 0.623 81 3.1111 0.7071 5 3.2000 0.8367 19 23 3.1739 0.7168 1.029 0.361 81 3.1975 0.6004 5 3.6000 0.5477 20 23 2.9130 0.8482 1.672 0.193 81 2.9383 0.7960 5 3.6000 0.5477 * P<.05 99
65 (Stratified Random Sampling) T Independent-Samples T test (One-way ANOVA Analysis) 95 100
T ( ) T 1. 1 3 6 7 12 13 14 16 18 2000 (1) 1 (2) 3 1994. 101
(3) 6 2000 (4) 7 2000 (5) 12 1994 102
(6) 13 (7) 14 1 5 2000 (8) 16 1994 (9) 18 103
2. 4 9 10 11 (1) 4 (2) 9 1997 85 6.37% 1.5 104
(3) 10 1994 (4) 11 1997 3. 2 6 17 2 6 17 (1) 2 105
(2) 6 (3) 17 1991 106
( ) 1. 12 17 18 (1) 12 65~69 ( 70~74 75 ) 65~69 1 5 (2) 17 65~69 ( 70~74 75 65~69 3 3 1996 (3) 18 107
65~69 ( 70~74 75 ) 1 9 Robert C. Atchley ( 1991) 2. 4 11 (1) 4 ( ) ( ) 2 1 108
(2) 11 ( ) ( ) 2 4 3. 2 8 (1) 2 ( ) ( ) 1994. (2) 8 109
( ) 1997 4. 6 (1) 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5. 6 (1) 6 110
111 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 6. 2 7 (1) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 1 2 7 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 4
112
65 ( 2000) 113
( 2000) 87 89 3 ( 2000) 114
( ) 115
65~69 116
0.67 ( 2000) ( ) 1997 117
118
65 65 119
1993 1998 1992 1996 1996 1992.12 1997 96 1996 120
1997 1995 1994 1999.12 1982 1989 1982 27 121
1999.12 1994 65 1998 83 1986 1991 1997 1982 17 1997 122
1994 72 1991 1987 1993 1993 174 1989 16 1998 1991 1994.3 3 1994.9 67 1997.7 123
1993 1999.9 1988 1997 85 1999 2000 1998 1996 79 125 1994 1999 87 124
1999.6 1999 2000 125
27 2 36 ( ) 60 55 126
110 ( ) 1. 144 76 2. 110 67 ( ) ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 127
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 128
( ) 115 ( ) 129
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 23 150 130
65 65 2055 131
65 65 1500 750 17 65 132
1500 150 86 1,108,165,531 592,250,613 53% 165,310,90 1 87 691,983,946 352,386,456 51% 61,736,726 88 786,670,733 450,127,316 57% 20,367,420 133
134
(r (M) (SD) (t ) ) 1 2.375 0.81 1.52 0.728** 0.8 1 2 2.675 0.8 1.63 0.539** 0.8 2 3 2.5 0.78 0.29-0.19 0.8 4 2.825 0.71 2.1** 0.681** 0.78 3 5 3.05 0.55 2.3** 0.714** 0.79 4 6 2.625 0.74 2.7** 0.679** 0.78 5 7 2.5 0.75 1.89** 0.622** 0.79 6 8 2.15 0.7 1.76** 0.641** 0.8 7 9 3 0.71 1.08 0.450* 0.81 8 10 2.75 0.74 1.74* 0.650** 0.79 9 11 2.375 0.63 1.88* 0.116 0.78 12 3.175 0.5 1.15 0.513** 0.8 10 13 2.9 0.71 2.56** 0.610** 0.78 11 14 2.45 71-0.27 0.18 0.79 15 2.275 0.6 1.34 0.557** 0.8 12 16 2.2 0.52 2.75** 0.883** 0.81 13 17 2.15 0.62 1.24 0.694** 0.8 14 18 3.2 0.61 1.05 0.492* 0.79 15 19 3.175 0.68 1.14 0.186 0.8 20 3.225 0.53 3.38** 0.733** 0.8 16 21 3.05 0.55 2.61** 0.704** 0.81 17 22 3.15 0.7 2.06** 0.56** 0.79 18 23 3.3 0.65 2.17** 0.581** 0.8 19 24 3.325 0.66 2.17** 0.181 0.79 25 3.05 0.81 3.83** 0.643** 0.8 20 * P<.05 ** P<.01 * r>.25 ** r>.5 135
2000 01 1. 2. 1.65 69 2.70 74 3.75 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. 1. 2.. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 136
4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 3. 5. 2. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 137
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 138
89 3 20 3 21??? ( ) 139
? 20~30?? 140
?? 141
? 142