43 2 2019 3 Vol. 43 No. 2 Mar. 2019,,,. 2019. Rossby [J]., 43 (2): 221 232. Zhang Chao, Tan Yanke, Li Chongyin, et al. 2019. Influences of interactions between high-frequency eddies and low-frequency variabilities on the process of Rossby wave breaking [J]. (in Chinese), 43 (2): 221 232, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1801.17152. Rossby 张潮 1 谭言科 2 李崇银 1, 3 平已川 1 1 211101 2 / 200438 3 LASG 100029 NCEP/DOE NCEP-DOE AMIP-II 2010 12 20 AWB 2010 350 K PV EOF PV PV EOF EOF Rossby 1006-9895(2019)02-0221-12 P432 A doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1801.17152 Influences of Interactions between High-Frequency Eddies and Low- Frequency Variabilities on the Process of Rossby Wave Breaking ZHANG Chao 1, TAN Yanke 2, LI Chongyin 1, 3, and PING Yichuan 1 1 Meteorological and Oceanography College, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101 2 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438 3 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 Abstract Based on NCEP-DOE AMIP-II (National Centers for Environmental Prediction, U.S. Department of Energy, Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project II) daily reanalysis data, a typical case of Anticyclonic Wave Breaking (AWB) that occurred on 20 December 2010 in the North Pacific region and the characteristics of Isentropic Potential Vorticity (IPV) during this process were studied. Daily high-frequency eddies and low-frequency variabilities were investigated. In addition, research was conducted on the modes of high-frequency eddies and low-frequency variabilities through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method on 350 K isentropic surface in the winter of 2010. Budget analysis of the 2017-04-14; 2018-01-15 1991 E-mail: zhangnanshui@126.com E-mail: tanyanke@fudan.edu.cn 41475070 41490640 41605051 Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41475070, 41490640, 41605051)
222 43 Vol. 43 IPV was employed to examine the low-frequency and high frequency PV anomalies associated with the primary modes of EOF. The results show that during the process of the Rossby wave breaking, low PV air parcels that emerged over the Northwest Pacific near Japan traveled to the upper troposphere, while high PV air parcels invaded lower troposphere. The first two leading modes of high-frequency PV depict a middle-latitude wave train that propagated from west to east over the North Pacific. The first leading mode of the low-frequency PV spread in the North Pacific as an arched wave train. The track of synoptic waves could be altered by the low-frequency variability, causing the waves to break eventually; meanwhile, the advection of high-frequency flows contributed to the conversion of the primary mode from high-frequency variability to low-frequency variability in the winter. Keywords Rossby wave breaking, Isentropic surface, Potential vorticity, High-frequency eddy, Low-frequency variability 1 Cai and Mak, 1989;, 1994;, 1999;, 2002 Kug et al. 2010 Luo et al. 2014 EBM Eddy-Blocking Matching Rossby Rossby Thorncroft et al., 1993; Song et al., 2011 Benedict et al. 2004 NAO NAO Woollings et al. 2008 NAO Rossby NAO Rossby Song et al. 2009 PNA NAO PNA NAO PNA Rossby Akahori and Yoden 1997 Barnes and Hartmann 2012 Liu et al. 2014 Rossby Rossby Rossby Rossby Rossby Rossby EOF 2 NCEP-DOE Kanamitsu et al., 2002 2.5 2.5 2010 11 1 2011 2 28 120 Butterworth Gauss EOF 2005 IPV Hoskins et al., 1985 20 80 Hoskins et al. 1985 IPV-thinking
2 No. 2 Rossby ZHANG Chao et al. Influences of Interactions between High-Frequency Eddies and Low- Frequency Variabilities 223 Hoskins 2015 Liu et al., 2014 350 K middle world Hoskins, 1991; Song 1 350 K 40 N 150 W Fig. 1 Power spectrum of PV (Potential Vorticity) at (40 N, 150 W) on the 350-K isentropic surface et al., 2011 Strong and Magnusdottir 2008 350 K Rossby 350 K 350 K PV Potential Vorticity 2010 12 20 AWB Anticyclonic Wave Breaking 350 K 10 12 20 1 350 K 40 N 150 W 2010 6 16 40 2010 11 1 2 28 120 3 Rossby 2 AWB 2 2010 12 a 16 b 17 c 18 d 19 e 20 f 21 350 K PV 1 PVU 1 PVU=10 6 km 2 kg 1 s 1 Fig. 2 Evolution of PV on 350-K isentropic surface on (a) 16, (b) 17, (c) 18, (d) 19, (e) 20, (f) 21 December 2010. Interval of contours is 1 PVU (1 PVU=10 6 km 2 kg 1 s 1 )
224 43 Vol. 43 2010 12 16 2a 150 E PV PV PV 18 2c PV 40 60 N 19 2d PV 20 2e PV 21 2f 330 K 320 K 3 AWB 320 K 500 hpa 40 N 4 4d e AWB 200 hpa 500 hpa 850 hpa PV PV Butterworth 120 2.5 8 d Gauss 9 d 2009 Butterworth 2.5 8 d 5 2010 12 16 5a 2 35 N 145 E 55 N 155 W 17 5b 16 30 N 180 18 5c 20 N 180 18 19 5d 2 20 2 e 21 2f 6 2010 12 16 6a 40 N 40 N 30 N 30 N 180 30 N 130 W 40 N 40 N 160 W I II III IV II IV I III 17 18 6b 6c II IV I III 19 20 6d e PV II 5
2 No. 2 Rossby ZHANG Chao et al. Influences of Interactions between High-Frequency Eddies and Low- Frequency Variabilities 225 3 2010 12 a 16 b 17 c 18 d 19 e 20 f 21 320 K Pa s 1 500 hpa 5 K Fig. 3 Vertical velocity on 320-K isentropic surface (shadings, units: Pa s 1 ; positive indicates downward movement; negative indicates upward movement) and temperature at 500 hpa (contours, interval is 5 K) on (a) 16, (b) 17, (c) 18, (d) 19, (e) 20, (f) 21 December 2010 4 2010 12 a 16 b 17 c 18 d 19 e 20 f 21 350 K Pa s 1 200 hpa 5 K Fig. 4 Vertical velocity on 350-K isentropic surface (shadings, units: Pa s 1 ; positive indicates downward movement; negative indicates upward movement) and temperature at 200 hpa (contours, interval is 5 K) on (a) 16, (b) 17, (c) 18, (d) 19, (e) 20, (f) 21 December 2010
226 43 Vol. 43 III III-1 III-2 III-1 III-2 IV 19 21 5 2010 12 a 16 b 17 c 18 d 19 e 20 f 21 350 K 0.5 PVU Fig. 5 High-frequency PV on 350-K isentropic surface on (a) 16, (b) 17, (c) 18, (d) 19, (e) 20, (f) 21 December 2010. Interval of contours is 0.5 PVU 6 2010 12 a 16 b 17 c 18 d 19 e 20 f 21 350 K 0.5 PVU Fig. 6 Low-frequency PV on 350-K isentropic surface on (a) 16, (b) 17, (c) 18, (d) 19, (e) 20, (f) 21 December 2010. Interval of contours is 0.5 PVU
2 No. 2 Rossby ZHANG Chao et al. Influences of Interactions between High-Frequency Eddies and Low- Frequency Variabilities 227 Chang and Yu, 1999 2000 2006 2009 200 hpa 40 N 150 W Hoskins and Valdes, 1990 EOF 8 EOF EOF l 1 23.39% EOF l 1 30 N 180 50 N 135 W 4 EOF 7 EOF EOF h 1 EOF h 2 EOF h 1 EOF h 2 9.75% 9.19% 18.94% EOF h 1 7a 35 N 150 E 40 N 155 W 35 N 180 35 N 120 W EOF h 2 7b 35 N 135 E 40 N 160 W 40 N 110 W 35 N 170 E 40 N 140 W EOF h 1 EOF h 2 π/2 EOF h 1 EOF h 2 30 N 50 N 2005 7c 7 EOF a b c 0.2 PVU Fig. 7 (a) The first leading EOF mode, (2) the second leading EOF mode of high-frequency PV and (c) amplitudes of the first two leading modes. Interval of the contours is 0.2 PVU 8 EOF A B C 0.2 PVU Fig. 8 The first leading mode of the low-frequency PV. A, B, and C represent three regions of the low-frequency PV anomalies, respectively. Interval of contours is 0.2 PVU
228 43 Vol. 43 50 N 180 40 N 100 W 6 19 21 8 6 EOF 5 Hoskins et al., 1985; Derome et al., 2001; Athanasiadis and Ambaum, 2010 dpv PV PV V PV PV dt t 1 V k ( F ) S, 1 PV ( f ) / Ertel = k V V ( uv,,0) 1 g p/ d /dt k F 1 S PV V PV. 2 t Y l h Derome et al., 2001 Y Y Y Y Y Y l Y h Y l Y h 2.5 8 d 9 d 2 t t t l h PV PV PV, 3 2 V V V V l h PV PV PV PV l l l l h V PV V PV V PV h h l h h V PV V PV V PV. 4 4 1 9 Adv1 Adv2 Adv3 Adv4 Adv5 Adv6 Adv7 Adv8 Adv9 A 30 N 60 N 150 W 120 W B 35 N 60 N 150 E 160 W C 20 N 35 N 150 E 160 W 3 4 9a 9b 9a 17 19 A C 5 20 N 180 B 5 20 A C B 9b 19 A B A B A B 20 A B A B 20 C
2 No. 2 Rossby ZHANG Chao et al. Influences of Interactions between High-Frequency Eddies and Low- Frequency Variabilities 229 9 PVU d 1 a b Fig. 9 Evolutions of PV tendency (units: PVU d 1 ): (a) High-frequency PV tendency; (b) low-frequency PV tendency 21 6 2 4 Adv1 Adv1 8 A B C Adv2 Adv4 Adv5 Adv9 9 d Adv3 Adv6 Adv7 Adv8 2.5 8 d Adv2 Adv4 Adv3 Adv7 Adv6 Adv8 K h K l [K h K l K h +K l ] Adv6 Adv8 Adv9 Morlet 16 21 90% 1999 2005 A B C Adv2 Adv4 Adv9 Adv5 Adv3 Adv7 A B C Adv6 Adv8 A B Adv6 C Adv8 B B 10 B Adv3 Adv6 Adv7 Adv3 Adv7
230 43 Vol. 43 10 B Fig. 10 Wavelet spectra of the advection terms during the wave breaking over region B. The black and blue solid lines represent spectrum values of the advection terms, the red and pink lines represent red and white noise spectra, respectively B Adv6 11 Adv6 Adv6 20 N 180 5 Adv6 Adv6 Adv6 B Adv2 Adv4 Adv9 Adv2 Adv4 B Adv9 6 2010 12 20 AWB EOF 2010 1 PV PV 2
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