近畿大学次世代基盤技術研究所報告 Vol. 9(2018)55-59 Additive Manufacturing *1 *2 *3 The Recent Trend on Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review Hideki KYOGOKU *1, Toshi-Taka IKESHOJI, Makiko YONEHARA The recent trend on Additive Manufacturing technology is reviewed. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been dramatically attracting attention as a breakthrough technology in advanced manufacturing. The recent trend of the development of metal 3D printers and the recent research activities are introduced. Recently, new-type metal 3D printers are developed using not only powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition but also binder jetting and materials extrusion. And also the current state of the research development in the national (TRAFAM) project and the activities in the Advanced Additive Manufacturing Center are introduced. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printer, Powder Bed Fusion, Directed Energy Deposition, Binder Jetting, Materials Extrusion, TRAFAM Project Additive Manufacturing AM AM GE 2010 AM 2016 ARCAM 2 Concept Laser 2017 Formnext 2017 1m 1m AddUp 2016 ExOne RICOH 2017 Markforged 2017 10 EuroPM2017 2016 3D 1000 3500 AM 2015 700 2023 4700 GE Baker Huges HIP (BJ) (L-PBF) (E-PBF) (EBM) 2025 L-PBF 50 BJ 30 2017 3D 2018 5 1 *1 739-2116 1 E-mail kyogoku@hiro.kindai.ac.jp *2 *3-55 -
AM SFF 2017 500 America Makes EU 2014 3D TRAFAM 3D (2),(3) SIP 24 2017 AM 3D 2017 3D 3D (1) Powder Bed Fusion (2) Directed Energy Deposition (1) (PBF) ARCAM GE 1 kw 2 4 2016 250 250mm 500 500mm 2017 GE 1000 1000mm SLM Solutions SLM800 3D SystemsAddUp AddUp 6 8 μm 1 1 AddUp 3D Printing2018 (2) (DED) Optomec Sciaky 2017 TRAFAM (3) (BJ) ExOne RICOH ExOne 98 (MIM) MIM (1) - 56 -
(4) Markforged MIM ADAM(Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing) MIM 2 MIM MIM 97 2 ADAM Markforged 3D Printing2018 SFF 2017 (4) (1) in-situ SLM DED ex-situ (2) L-PBF DED (3) L-PBF (4) AM (5) (6) (A2024 A6061 A7075) (1) DED L-PBF 50W 0.1m/s 100W 0.5m/s 200W 1m/s 400W OCT X P=1atm P=0.05atm P=10-4 atm in-situ (6) Fraunhofer RWTHAahen Aconity3D AconityOne A6061 L-PBF 98.7-57 -
㸪A7075 㔠 㐀ᙧ 㛵ࡋ 㸪 ࢨ ฟຊ 200W㸪 ᰝ ᗘ 150mm/s ᑐᐦᗘ 99㸣 ࢡ ࢡ 㐀ᙧయࡀᚓ ࡓ ሗ ࡉ ࡓ㸬 㧗ᙉᗘ 㔠 A2024㸪A6061㸪A7075 㔠 จᅛ (solidification crack)㸦 㧗 (hot tearing)㸧ࡀ ࡍ ࡓ 㸪AM ᢏ 㐺 ࡀ㞴 ࡋ ࡇ ࡀሗ ࡉ 㸬ࡇ 㔠 ࡅ จᅛ 㸪จᅛ㛤ጞ㸦ᾮ 㸧 จᅛ 㸦ᅛ 㸧 ᗘᕪࡀ ࡁ ࡇ 㸪 ᬗ ೫ᯒࡀ ࡇ ࡍࡃ㸪 ࡓ ᬗ ᡂ㛗 ᾮ ౪ ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ ࡓ 㸬ࢡ ࢡ 㜵Ṇࡍ ࡓ 㸪 㐀ᙧ 㧗 ಖᣢࡋ ࡃ᪉ἲ Zhang (5)ࡀሗ ࡋ 㸪㧗 ࢠ ᐦᗘ 㐀ᙧ ᪉ἲࡀ 㸬 ⴭ 㸪A2024 ཬ A6061 㸪ᅗ 3(a) ࡍ 㐺 ࡉ 㐀ᙧ᮲ 㸪ࢡ ࢡࡀ ࡍ ࡇ ㄆࡋ 㸬 ࡉ 㧗 ಖᣢ 㞴ࡋ ࡇ 㸪 㧗 ࢠ ᐦᗘ ἣ ࢡ ࢡ ᙳ㡪 ㄪ ᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡑ ᯝ㸪 ࢠ ᐦᗘ 500 J/mm³ 㧗 ࢠ ᐦᗘ ሙ ࢡ ࢡ ࡋ ࡃ ࡇ ࡀ ࡗࡓ㸬 (a) ࢡ ࢡ (b) ࢡ ࢡ ࡋ ᅗ 3 A6061 㔠㐀ᙧయ 㠃 ἣ 㸬ḟୡ௦ᆺ ᴗ ' ࢱᢏ 㛤 ࢪ ࢡ ࡅ ᡂᯝ 3D 㐀ᙧᢏ ࢭ ࢱ 㸪ᢏ ḟୡ௦ 3 D ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ 㛤 ᶵᵓ(TRAFAM) 㸦ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺᗘ㹼30 ᖺᗘ㸧 ࠕḟୡ௦ ᴗ 3D ࢱᢏ 㛤 ࢪ ࢡ ᐇ ࡋ 㸬ᮏ ࢪ ࢡ ࡅ ᇶ ᢏ จᅛᶵᵓ ゎ 㸪 ኚᙧࢩ ࢩ ᢏ 㛤 㸪ຍᕤ ࢱ ࢫ ᵓ 㛵ࡍ ᐇ ࡋ 㸪ࡑ 㒊 ࡍ 㸬 (1) จᅛᶵᵓ ゎ 㔠ᒓ ᒙ㐀ᙧ 㸪 จᅛᶵᵓ ࡋ ࡃࡇ 㸪㐀ᙧయ ရ Ᏻᐃ ࡍ ࡓ 㠀ᖖ 㔜せ ࡇ 㸬ࡇ ࡓ 㸪ᮏ ࢪ ࢡ 㛤 ࡋࡓせ ᢏ ᶵ 㧗 ᗘ ࢧ タ ࡋ 㸪 จᅛ ゎ ࡗ 㸬2016 ᖺᗘ 㸪Al-10Si-0.4Mg㸦AlSi10Mg グ 㸧ཬ 㖡 ᚰ 㧗 ᗘ ࢧ ウࡋࡓ㸬 AlSi10Mg ほ ᅗ 4 ࡍ㸬AlSi10Mg ࡘ 㸪 ࢥ 718 㗽ᙧ ࡀ ほᐹࡉ ࡎ㸪ࢫ ࢱ ࢢ ከ ࡇ 㸪㐀ᙧయ Ḟ㝗ࡀ ࡋ ࡍ ࡇ ࡀ ࡗࡓ㸬 (a) 㧗 ᗘ จᅛ ἣ (b) ഐ ᗘศᕸ ᅗ 4 㧗 ཬ ࢧ จᅛ ほ ᯝ ࡓ㸪 จᅛࢩ ࢩ ࢯ 㛤 ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ 㸪 ࢥ 718 ᑐ ࡋ య ఏᑟ Kunii-Smith ᑟධࡋ㸪 ࡘ㸪 య จᅛ ᐦᗘ㸪 ࢱ 㸪 ఏᑟ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ ຍ ࡋࡓ㐣Ώఏ ゎᯒ ࡗࡓ ᯝ㸪SLM 㐀ᙧ㐣 ࡅ ࢨ ᑕ㒊 ഐ ᗘศᕸ ண ࡍ ࡇ ࡀ ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇ ᯝ 㸪ᅗ 5 ࡍ 㸪ࢧ ᐃ ᯝ ࡃ ࡋࡓ㸬 㖡 ᯝ ࡘ 㸪 㠃 㒔 ⴭ ሗ (7) ཧ 㢪 ࡓ 㸬 (2) ኚᙧண ࢩ ࢩ 㔠ᒓ ᒙ㐀ᙧ 㸪 จᅛ క ࡇ ኚ ᙧࡀ ࡌ ࡓ 㸪 ࡁ 㝈 ኚᙧ 㐀ᙧ᮲ ウࡍ ᚲせࡀ 㸬ࡋ ࡋ㸪 ヨ 㘒ㄗ ࡇ ࡀከ ࡓ 㸪 ኚᙧண ࢩ ࢩ ᢏ 㛤 㔜せ ࡗ 㸬ᙜࢭ ࢱ 㸪ỗ ࢯ ༢ ᙧ 㐀ᙧయ ᑐࡍ ゎᯒᢏ 㛤 ࡋ 㸬2016 ᖺᗘ 㸪 ᙎረᛶゎᯒ ࡕ㸪 య ᵝ ᅛ ࡎ ᪉ἲ ኚᙧண ࢩ ࢩ ᗘ ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ 㸪ࡇ ᪉ἲ ᵝ෭ ᙎረᛶゎᯒἲ 㸬 ᯝ ࡋ 㸪 ᵝ෭ ᙎረ ᛶゎᯒἲ ᐇ㐀ᙧ ᑍἲẚ 3% ᗘ ㄗᕪ ࡇ ࡀ ㄆࡉ ࡓ 㸪ࡇ ᪉ἲ 㸪ࢧ 58
ᵓ㐀 ຍ᪉ἲ ኚᙧ ṧ ᛂຊ ኚ ウࡋࡓ㸬ゎᯒ ᯝ ᅗ 6 ࡍ㸬 (a) ఏ ࢩ ࢩ ᯝ (b) ࢧ ᐃ ᅗ 5 ఏ ࢩ ࢩ ᯝ ࢧ ᐃ ᯝ ẚ ᅗ 6 ᆺヨ㦂 ࢧ ᙧ 㐀ᙧᚋ ኚᙧゎᯒ ᯝ (3)ຍᕤ ࢱ ࢫ ࢱ ࢫ ᵓ せ ᢏ ᶵ 㸪 ࢣ ᇶ 㔠㸪 㔠ཬ 㖡 㛵ࡍ 㐺㐀ᙧ᮲ ウ 㸪 ཬ ᶵ ᛶ ࡘ ㄪᰝࡋ 㸬 ᅗ 7 AlSi10Mg 㔠 ฟຊ ࡅ ᰝ ᗘ ᑐࡍ ᐦᗘ ኚ AlSi10Mg 㔠 㧗ฟຊ㸬㧗 㐀ᙧ᮲ ウࡋࡓ ࡘ 㸬 ࢨ ฟຊཬ ᰝ ᗘࡀ㐀ᙧయᐦ ᗘ ཬ ࡍᙳ㡪 ࡘ ウࡋࡓ ᯝ ᅗ 7 ࡍ㸬ࡇ 㸪㐀ᙧ ᑐᐦᗘࡀ ᰝ ᗘ ࢨ ฟຊ 㐪 ࡗ ࡇ ࡀ 㸬 ࡓ㸪 ࢨ ฟຊࡀప 㐀ᙧయ ᑐᐦᗘࡀ ᰝ ᗘ 㐜ࡃ 㸪 ࢨ ฟຊࡀ㧗 㐀ᙧయ ᑐᐦᗘࡀ ᰝ ᗘ ࡃ ࡗ ࡇ ࡀ 㸬 ࢨ ฟຊ 700 W 㸪 ᰝ ᗘ 2200 mm/s 㧗ᐦᗘ 㐀ᙧయࡀᚓ 㸬ࡇ 㸪 ࢨ ฟຊ 㧗ฟຊ ࡍ ࡇ 㸪㧗 ࡀ ࡇ ࡀ ࡗࡓ㸬 㸬 ࡋࡓ 㸪AM ᢏ ࡅ ୡ ࡁ 㸪ࡇࡇ ᖺ ᛴ 3D ࢱ ᛶ AM ᢏ 㸪ᮏᢏ 㧗 ຍ౯ 〇ရ 㐺 ぬ ࡋ ࡀ 㸬 ࡓ㸪 จᅛ ゎ ࢩ ࢩ ᢏ 㛤 ᇶ 㛤 ᅜ ࢪ ࢡ 㐍 ᛴ 㐍 㸬ᮏ 㸪ࡑ ➃ ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ ࡀㄞ ᵝ ཧ ᖾ 㸬 ᮏ ᙜࡓ ࡈ༠ຊ㡬 ࡓ Ꮫḟୡ௦ ᇶ ᢏ ᡤ 3D 㐀ᙧᢏ ࢭ ࢱ 㛵 ᐊ 㝔 ㅖ ㅰព ࡍ 㸬 ཧ (1) ᴟ ᶞ㸪ụᗉ ᩄᏕ㸪 ཎ Ꮚ㸪 Ꮫḟୡ ௦ᇶ ᢏ ᡤሗ, 8, (2017), pp.179-183 (2) H. Kyogoku, Metal Additive Manufacturing, Autumn/Fall 2015, 1, (2015), pp.31-39 (3) ᴟ ᶞ, ⴥᬗᙪ㸪ᶫ 㐨 㸪 ᓥᏕᑦ㸪ᒸᮏ ᶞ㸪ᯇ ᆒ㸪 ࢨຍᕤᏛ ㄅ㸪25, (2018), pp.6-11 (4) Proceedings of SFF Symposium 2017, Austin,TX. (2017) (5) H. Zhang, H. Zhu, T. Qi, Z. Hu, X. Zeng, Materials Science & Engineering A, 656(2016), pp.47-54 (6) ᢏ ḟୡ௦ 3D ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ 㛤 ᶵ ᵓ㸪 ࡁ ᙧ 㸟 タィࡀኚ ᪂ࡋ ࡃ ࢩ ࢪ ㅮ₇㞟㸪(2017) (7) T.-T. Ikeshoji, K. Nakamura, M. Yonehara, K. Imai, H. Kyogoku㸪Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Vol.70, (2018), pp.396-400 59