,2017,37(4): 犃犮狋犪犅狅狋. 犅狅狉犲犪犾. 犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋. 犛犻狀. : (2017) 犱狅犻 : /j.issn "#$%&3' ( )*+,-./0,,

,2017,37(4):0728-0736 犃犮狋犪犅狅狋. 犅狅狉犲犪犾. 犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋. 犛犻狀. :1000 4025(2017)04 0728 09 犱狅犻 :10.7606/j.issn.1000 4025.2017.04.0728 "#$%&3'( )*+,-./0,, (! @,AB 650224) 1 :CDE( 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 ) D FG $HG,IJ KL MN O, P.3Q RS TUV W X*+ Y,/, Z [ 100 m % \ 1] < ^ _ ` D 1 abc, 8]<^, <^ G, I I 3 G C D, C D ( 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 ) CD( 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 )! CD( 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 ) H P., <, >,, C D E I = B:(1)3GCDE, 1 a, 1 a (2)3 G C DE1a,4537m <^ W!, X, CD(777.6]/mm 2 )>CD(476.4]/mm 2 )>! CD(414.3]/mm 2 ) (3),,CD CD!( 犘 <0.05), > ;! CDZ, > > (4),CD CD >, I, HP. 1 a " ;! C D,I =, HP. 1a" ;CDE >?=, I,,3G CDEI, =,/ H 1 a G F,,CD CDI,! CDI I ;> < I P.3Q :CDE;;P. ;;> 23:Q944.3;Q948.114 4567:A 犞犪狉犻犪狋犻狅狀狊狅犳犛狋狅犿犪狋犪犾犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉狊犳狅狉犜犺狉犲犲犛狆犲犮犻犲狊狅犳犌犲狀狌狊犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 犪犾狅狀犵犪狀犈犾犲狏犪狋犻狅狀犪犾犌狉犪犱犻犲狀狋犻狀狋犺犲犇狅狀犵犱犪犕狅狌狀狋犪犻狀狊狅犳犜犻犫犲狋 ZHU Yuhuai,ZHANG Dacai,LIShuangzhi (FacultyofForestry,SouthwestForestryUniversity,Kunming650224,China) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Speciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 arethedominantsandedificatorsinsoutheasttibetalpinemeadow, andplayimportantrolesinthelivestockproductionandstabiligyofecosystem.tostudytheadaptationof diferentcharacteristicsof 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 planttoelevationalgradient,weseteightsamplebeltsalonganeleva tionalgradient,startingfromforestlinetotheedgeofalpinemeadows,asincreasingofelevationforevery :2016 11 08;:2017 03 19 :(31160044);!"# $%&'!: (1991-),,()*+,,-./01, *+ E mail:774253410@qq.com 234:5!6,789,(),:;,-./0, <=>?*+ E mail:dczhang24@163.com

4,7:W 3GCDE 729 about100matdongdamountainsinzuogongcounty.speciescompositionandcoverageineverysample beltswereinvestigated,andimportantvaluesofthree 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 specieswerecalculatedinthecommunity basedonrelativecoverageandfrequency.atthesametime,theepidermalcelshapesofadaxialandabaxi alsurfacewereobserved,thestomatallengthandguardcelwidthweremeasuredandstomataldensitywas calculated,soastoobservetheadaptabilityof 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 speciestotheelevationgradient.theresults showed:(1)commonfeaturesofepidermiswereinvestigatedinthreespeciesusinglightmicroscopy:epi dermiswaswavy,andstomataapparatuswasonlydistributedintheepidermisofabaxialsurface.(2)the stomataldensityofalthreespeciespresentedtobeaunimodalpaternalonganelevationalgradient,and obtainedamaximumatthesamplebeltaltitudeof4537 m.stomataldensityof 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 (476.4 grassespermm 2 )waslowerthanwhichof 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 (777.6grassespermm 2 ),andhigherthanwhichof 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 (414.3grassespermm 2 ).(3)Withtheelevationalgain,thestomatalengthof 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 ( 犘 <0.05)and 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 significantlyincreased,andguardcelwidthof 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 and 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻 犳狅犾犻犪 significantlydecreased.bycontrast,thestomatalengthof 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 decreasedwiththegainof elevation,andguardcelwidthofwhichremainedbasicalyunchanged( 犘 >0.05).(4)Thestomataldensi ty,lengthandguardcelwidthof 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 and 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 weresignificantlycorrelatedwiththe elevationalgradient,andthestomatalcharacteristicswerehighlysensitivetothechangeofelevationalgra dient,whichwasconsistentwiththehighimportancevalueinthecommunity.onlystomataldensityand lengthof 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 weresignificantlycorrelatedwiththeelevationalgradient,andthestomatalchar acteristicswerenothighlysensitivetothechangeofelevationalgradient,which wasconsistentwiththe lowimportancevalueinthecommunity.thecorrelationbetweenstomataldensity,lengthandguardcel widthof 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 speciesandelevationalgradientshowedthedegreeofadaptationtohabitatattheeleva tionalgradient.itcanbeseenthatthestomatalcharacteristicsofthethree 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 specieshavediferent adaptabilitytothehabitatalongtheelevationalgradient,thusafectingtheirdistributionrangeandspecies coverageinthecommunity. 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 and 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 weresensitivetohabitatchanges,while 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 wasinsensitivetohabitatchanges;theguardcelwidth,likethestomatallength,playedanim portantroleinadaptingtothehabitat. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 : 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 ;elevationalgradient;importantvalue;stomatalcharacters;guardcel,,,!" # [1 3] $% &',(") *+ ;,-./0; 1=; M2 34 5 6E7 [4 7] 8I 9 :;,, *+ -. " [8 9] <,3X =>?@ ABC D E A1F,GHI =>,! 7I, 'J*+I K,L X MNO, Y [10] K,/ K(!,'PQM,! R,/ST /U VM,WX! [11]!*+ B,!G 1a,Y, ( 犚犺狅犱狅犱犲狀 犱狉狅狀犪狀狋犺狅狆狅犵狅狀狅犻犱犲狊 )!,! [12], Z ( 犇犪狏犻犱犻犪犻狀狏狅犾狌犮狉犪狋犪 )Z X Z [ \F [13] ; ( = ] [14] = ^ [15 16],_1 `( = [17] CDE ( 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 ) a ( b c b b b b7 Y,cD FG -.$HG,Q P.LD,IO J, P.3Q ( CDE *+Q( F,Y57 [12] I,c CD ( 犓. 狉狅狔犾犲犪狀犪 ), C D ( 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 ) C D ( 犓. 狆狔犵犿犪犲犪 ) C D ( 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 )?@WI*+, B, c 4GCDE B 1a,<, 8CD

730 37 E 1a,X (* + 1aH 1a 4 N 'J, *+ /,1 I K =,?" I, =, 1 3GCDE,!>,3GCDE HP. 1 1.1 89:; *+ _ TUV W,E ^K M,M, 0 T,10 ;[ 1a,[,K c ;-.CDEX F cd [19] 1.2 <=>?@A 1.2.1 BC= D < /*+ %\<^,[100m %\1]<^, %\8]<^( 1) ]<^ %\5]1m 1 m <, G 3, (8 )?@ 1.2.2 E >?.@A <1, CD( 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 ) C D ( 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 )! C D ( 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 ),\ FAA ) (50% = 90 5 5) > [20], 1.3. (1): FAA )GH _, \(50% =1 1) 2~3d (2): Q 10% U (NaClO)? @,! [ X 30~40 min (3) : ]A(,,_ [21 22] M2 [23 26] " _ [27 28] V! *+! /2/3 (/ `),?@,, (4) : Q,Q? @, X1min (5):<Q3,! " 1.4 FGHI=JK! " S#?@#$, S%&1 (ZEISSAxiovert200M)?@ 0 > ), ' (1)!"#$%&: ]^ ] GR 105! Q) >, 5 S # R 10 ], ] R 5 ], ( μ m) > ( μ m) (2)': S#00, (, ) 0, 10 ] 0,*+ 0 10 U,, (N) Q # ( S -. S # _ /, /r(mm) 0[S = πr 2 (mm 2 )] [D = N/S(]/ mm 2 )] 1.5 LM2N 1.5.1 O P.1G H 1 89: P Table1 Informationofsamplebelts <^ Samplecode Elevation/m Longitude(E) Latitude(N) Slope Slopedegree/ 1 4238 98 08 21.0 29 38 14.2 West 26 2 4337 98 07 51.3 29 38 57.8 West 25 3 4430 98 07 37.0 29 40 08.1 West 5 4 4537 98 07 05.4 25 41 12.4 West 3 5 4628 98 06 13.8 29 42 17.5 West 4 6 4742 98 04 05.1 29 43 29.1 West 6 7 4820 98 02 17.8 29 43 12.8 West 7 8 4930 97 59 35.1 29 42 39.0 East 5

4,7:W 3GCDE 731 IP.=,!H 3Q P. = [29 30], P., Q BJHJ1a, P. =( I+ I)/2 I=(1G /2_ 3 ) 100% I=(1G /2_ 3 ) 100% 1.5.2 QR2N 4Q SPSS17.0 1 1 > 56 1 G H P. (! > ) 3, 4Q?@ =561 2 1 2.1 ST.2U=VW)* %1 B,3 G C D E 1 a =X:(1)3 GCDE VX 78, 9 :;9, ", ;(2)/1a,! ) (, ^,1a,1 a;(3)/,3 G C D E <=,>2] _?@,ABC! DE > 2] 7,72 >, > @ M,R,a( I)= 2.2 ()*X,-Y./0 2,,CD ]<^! CD! CD,3 GCD F4]<^ W! ;! CD! CD,CD;CD> 2.2.1 ( >%2G,3GCD 1a, 4537 m <^W!, X,CD(777.57]/mm 2 )>CD(476.38 %1 3GCDE 1a Fig.1 Leafepidermalcelsandstomataldistributioninthreespeciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 2 3'( Z[ST\ ]^._` Table2 Theaveragevaluesofstomataldensityandlength,andguardcelwidthinalelevationalbelts for3speciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 Elevation/m, C D 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 Stomataldensity (NO./mm 2 ) C D 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪! C D 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪, C D 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 Stomatallength/ μ m C D 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪! C D 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪, C D 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 > Guardcelwidth/ μ m C D 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪! C D 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 4238 492.68 350.52 265.1 28.73 34.36 39.83 15.12 11.31 14.65 4337 658.96 415.33 164.95 28.3 37.92 39.65 14.47 8.71 15.05 4430 626.29 361.24 203.51 28.95 33.11 39.41 14.52 8.19 15.42 4537 777.57 476.38 414.26 28.21 31.07 34.93 12.61 8.1 13.39 4628 522.13 468.62 336.87 32.37 31.59 32.07 11.4 8.06 13.69 4742 568.72 337.94 210.74 30.81 32.98 37.58 10.88 8.02 15.00 4820 611.29 205.92 149.69 32.02 34.1 42.36 11.92 8.32 15.23 4943 634.59 171.92 265.1 29.12 43.41 31.83 8.97 7.48 13.76

732 37 ]/mm 2 )>! C D (414.26 ]/mm 2 ); C D = ( 犚 2 =0.81, 犘 < 0.01,% 2,b), C D! C D ( 犚 2 = 0.10, 犘 < 0.05,%2,a c) 2.2.2 ( 3 G C D 1a(%3),CD CD Z HI!,=] (%3,a,b),! CD Z,=^(%3,c) 2.2.3 Z[ST\,CD CD > ^( 犚 2 = 0.57, 犘 <0.01; 犚 2 =0.30, 犘 <0.05;%4,a,b),! CD> Z >, = ( 犚 2 =0.01, 犘 >0.05;%4,c) 2.3 ]ab.oc = () *. <,3 GCDE H P.! ",K,CD H P., UXCD,! CD,,CD C D P.! C D ( 犘 < 0.01),1a L, H F (% 5)?" =561B,,CDP. >,CDP. ;MN3GCDP. >3 OW,,CD CD) 0X,! CD) 0X ; 3,> I,CD! CDP.!, ICDP.!( 3) a.,jd;b.jd;c.! JD; %2 a. 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 ;b. 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 ;c. 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 ; Thesameasbelow Fig.2 Thevariationpaternofstomataldensityinthree speciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 alongtheelevationalgradient %3 Fig.3 Thevariationpaternofstomatallengthinthree speciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 alongtheelevationalgradient

4,7:W 3GCDE 733 3 3'()*= ab O.QR Table3 Thelinearregressionrelationshipsbetweentheimportantvalueinthecommunityandstomatalcharacteristics forthreespeciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 'P561 Singlefactorregressionanalysis(R 2 ) 3561 Multipleregressionanalysis G Species Stomata density Stomata length > Guardcel width ) 0 Coeficientof determination Stomatadensity 0 Standardcoeficient Stomatalength > Guardcelwidth,CD 犓. 犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 CD 犓. 犮犪狆犻犾犻犳狅犾犻犪! CD 犓. 犿犪犮狉犪狀狋犺犪 0.25 0.01 0.40 0.61 0.45-0.03-0.62 0.33 0.48 0.01 0.51-0.21 0.57 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.08-0.32 0.46-0.55 :0W 0.05( 犘 < 0.05) Note: indicatescoeficientissignificantat0.05level( 犘 < 0.05) %5 3GCDEP. %4 > Fig.4 Thevariationpaternofguardcelwidthinthree speciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 alongtheelevationalgradient 3 3GCDE 1 a, c 1 a " Fig.5 Variationofimportantvaluealongtheelevational gradienforthreespeciesofgenus 犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪 [5,7,31] " G, =>?@ ABC P. F,I [32 33] 1 a >?= P X W, 3.1 (,-Y. 3GCD 1 a, Q =, Qiang7 [34] * + " I, OI R'P(CO 2 S T U 7) [35],CO 2 S V'P =, Q =") W I! CO 2 S, W [36 39], X I CO 2 S =, I V Y 7'P [40] ' J,1a./ V

734 37 'P?@ 3.2 (,-Y. 3GCDE > AG1a,K,CD CD =],! CDX =^;,CD CD> = ^,! CD> = EG! G 1 a, E ( 犚犺狅犱狅犱犲狀犱狉狅狀 ) ZE( 犃犱犲狀狅狆犺狅狉犪 )7 Q( [F,\X! CO 2 S T V I! ],,! I' W [41 45]! 1 a,y ^ Z ( 犃犱犲 狀狅狆犺狅狉犪狆狅狋犪狀犻狀犻 ) [43] Z [14] ( 犚犺狅犱狅 犱犲狀犱狉狅狀犾犪狆狆狅狀犻犮狌犿 ) [13] _ ` a b c ( 犘狅狋犲狀狋犻犾犪狊犪狌狀犱犲狉狊犻犪狀犪 ) [46] MN!\F [13],!1a (F *+,CD CD =], > =^, 4 "?1a,> 1aY 3G CD, 3 0!,,CD CD> [, =Q,! CD> = B EG > WB, 8 GI =, > 5 =,K>, (?" *+ 3.3 ()*=. 3GCDE H P. (! > ) 3 3 AYB " CDE H P.,,CD CD D 1a L, H P. QX,3Q X, B I, =, 8 R, H 1a, 'P W,Y> I,CD! CD(!, ICD(! 3XG, 'P,Y1a\XZ1 a, [14],GP. 3?" G I'P R 9 W,CDE3G! > 1a, BI R K 9,I, =,C D CD R > N R,I, H1aL,G F! CD R N,I I, 'H1aI, F > "<,I P. 3Q, G" > I 1 a * + F, *+M > I, P.3Q,?" 4: [1],. D K ' P [J].,,2006,30(1):1 8. YANG Y H,PIAO SL.Variationsingrasslandvegetation coverinrelationtoclimaticfactorsonthetibetanplateau[j]. 犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犘犾犪狀狋犈犮狅犾狅犵狔,2006,30(1):1 8. [2],,,7.-.,,] *+[J].,,1991,19(6):823 831. LUOTX,LIW H,LUOJ, 犲狋犪犾.Acomparativestudyonbi ologicalproductionofmajorvegetationtypesonthe Tibetan Plateau[J]. 犃犮狋犪犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犛犻狀犻犮犪,1991,19(6):823 831. [3],,,7. ABC =[J].*+,1999,19(3):273 280. YAN XF,WANG YJ,WANG Y, 犲狋犪犾.Gasexchangeof 犚犺狅犱犻狅犾犪狊犪犮犺犪犾犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 onchangbaimountain[j]. 犅狌犾犲狋犻狀狅犳犅狅狋犪狀犻犮犪犾犚犲狊犲犪狉犮犺,1999,19(3):273 280.

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