37 1 2018 55 70 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 37 No. 12018 1875 ~ 1929 1 1 2 1. 1000832. 100190 N092 K826. 16 A 1000-0224201801-0055-16 1-4 5 6 19 70 20 20 1 engineer 2017-08-24 2017-11-22 1985 1972 1971
56 37 7 2 1867 8 8 209 1874 9 1875 4 25 1847 Gordon 10 1854 8 205 ~ 206 1863 Raphael Pumpelly 1837 ~ 1923
1 1875 ~ 1929 57 1869 1872 Ferdinand von Richthofen 1833 ~ 1905 7 11 1875 1894 40 1 1 12-13 1 1876 / Samuel John Morris 14 Andrew White Crookston 15 Francis Park 16 Peter Danks 2 1876 3 1877 Dupont D. K. Wood David Tyzack 4 1878 / R. R. Burnett J. M. Molesworth Claude William Kinder 5 1881 John Adams Church 6 1882 7 1882 8 1883 9 1883 10 1883 Beaton Ellsworth 11 1883
58 37 1 12 1887 H. F. Dawes Cupt Rich 13 1887 14 1889 15 1889 16 1890 17 1890 P. Scheidtweiler G. Leinung Emile C. Braive Pi-En-his F. B. Parkinson Henry Robinson Ssu-Kuo-Tse Henry Hobson E. P. Johnson Gustav Toppe Eugene Ruppert Molkay
1 1875 ~ 1929 59 1 18 1891 19 1891 1895 1 1840 ~ 1895 3 1872 1877 1 13 17 1877 3 6 18 19 3. 1 1881 E. K. Buttles 8 1 11 2 2 20 21 1 1872 ~ 1881 2 1872 ~ 1881
60 37 2 3 1872 ~ 1881 4 1873 ~ 1881 5 1873 ~ 1881 6 1873 ~ 1881 7 1873 ~ 1876 1876 8 1874 ~ 1881 9 1874 ~ 1881 10 1875 ~ 1881 23 11 1875 ~ 1881 1909 1909
1 1875 ~ 1929 61 22 226 3. 2 1873 1877 4 88 23 11 3 3 24 / 1 1877 ~ 1879 2 1877 ~ 1880 3 1877 ~ 1880 4 1877 ~ 1880 5 1877 ~ 1880 6 1877 ~ 1880 7 1877 ~ 1880 8 1877 ~ 1880 9 1877 ~ 1880 10 1877 ~ 1880 11 1877 ~ 1880 1880 1886 25 19 80
62 37 4 4 26 19 1880 1880 1882 1885 1890 1891 1893 1893 1907 20. 8 26 1883 ~ 1885 27 19 20 1890 1895 1905 4
1 1875 ~ 1929 63 4. 1 1898 1901 19 10 1905 1908 19 90 1890 1895 1899 1900 ~ 1902 1905 1910 18 28 1902 1907 1910 18 1898 1913 20 1903 1903 1906 1909 1904 29 37 93 5 5 30 1895 ~ 1911 1899 / / / / / 0 / / 1 / / 1 1 1902 / / 1 / / 1 / / / / 2 2 3 1905 1 1 / / / 2 / / / / / 0 2 1906 1 / / / / 1 / 1 / / / 1 2 1907 2 / / / / 2 / / / / / 0 2 1908 / 1 2 / / 3 / / / / 2 2 5 1909 1 / / / 1 2 / 2 / / / 2 4 1910 3 5 1 2 / 11 / / 18 18 4 40 51 1911 5 4 1 1 / 11 9 11 / / 4 24 35
64 37 5 1895 ~ 1911 2 1 1 / / 4 12 7 / / 2 21 25 15 12 6 3 4 37 21 21 19 18 14 93 130 1 / 1840 ~ 1949 1980-1 ~ 5 1941 1933 1937 1911 4. 2 1927 376 1914 1916 1920 1921 1921 1925 1925 29 1912 1927 726 6 6 30 1912 ~ 1927 1912 4 1 10 15 / 19 / 4 23 38 1913 8 7 4 19 / / 20 0 20 39 1914 12 12 8 32 / 18 / 2 20 52 1915 6 8 5 19 / 19 / 8 27 46 1916 6 12 3 21 33 11 3 4 51 72 1917 10 11 21 / 10 8 0 18 39 1918 3 6 1 10 / 0 9 0 9 19 1919 5 18 2 25 10 18 31 19 78 103 1920 2 12 4 18 7 13 6 5 31 49 1921 8 9 2 19 6 5 13 12 36 55 1922 14 11 3 28 17 6 24 37 84 112
1 1875 ~ 1929 65 6 1923 12 11 5 28 14 15 15 10 54 82 1924 19 14 1 34 13 10 / 16 39 73 1925 13 11 5 29 27 14 / 19 60 89 1926 10 9 4 23 35 7 / 42 84 107 1927 4 7 3 14 46 9 / 37 92 106 1912 ~ 1927 1 4 16 21 / / / / / 21 137 163 76 376 208 174 129 215 726 1102 5 6 1927 1914 1908 1912 1917 33444 31 1905 1927 1920
66 37 14 30 20 20 1923 1927 1927 1928 1928 1928 1928 32 5 33 5. 1 1912 1912 1912 1912 1918 1922 1927 1928 32 129 ~ 140 1912 34 1912 32 137 1918 12 32 139 ~ 146 1922 1927 2 9 1928 3 25
1 1875 ~ 1929 67 20 20 35 1926 1927 1500 36 1926 106 1927 2 9 9 44 35 9 2 37 32 130 1927 2 106 1928 12 262 35 193 1 94 35. 8% 72 27. 4% 22 8. 4% 6 2. 28% 5 4 33 2 3 35 201 1933 500 32 130 1943 805 38 1927 ~ 1937 39 5. 2 20 20 1928
68 37 40 1929 14 41 1929 6 28 42 1931 7 25 43 1930 1937 319 306 7 6 3 44 1929 1931 6 1875 19 80 1927 2 9 1929 6 28 1931 7 25
1 1875 ~ 1929 69 20 30 1937 1 1. M. 2000. 226 ~ 229. 2. J. 2005 2 89 ~ 93. 3. J. 2005 6 90 ~ 93. 4. J. 2012 4 86 ~ 89. 5. 1894 ~ 1925 J. 2008 2 117 ~ 133. 6. J. 2012 4 176 ~ 179. 7. J. 2013 1 53 ~ 57. 8. G. 1 1840 ~ 1895. 1957. 208. 9. C/ /. 2 7 7 15 ~ 7 7 14. 1998. 1066. 10. M. 2012. 5. 11. M. 1990. 9. 12. G/ /. 95. 1998. 262 ~ 295. 13. G. 1 1840 ~ 1895. 1957. 14 1876. 2. 19 G/ /.. 1981. 56. 15 1877. 1. 25 G/ /.. 1981. 161 ~ 163. 16 1877. 3. 6 G/ /.. 1981. 167 ~ 170. 17. G. 2007. 242. 18. G/ /. 32. 2008. 8. 19. / 1840 ~ 1949 M. 2007. 9. 20. G. 1. 1980. 34 ~ 46. 21. M. 2010. 228 ~ 254.
70 37 22 1909 G/ /. 1840 ~ 1949. 2005. 223 ~ 227. 23. J. 2006 5. 33 ~ 38. 24. M. 1987. 345 ~ 354. 25. M.. 2007. 155. 26. G. 1986. 336 ~ 338. 27. M. 2010. 128. 28 -. - G. 1. 1991. 31. 29. 1868 ~ 1933 M. 2013. 210 ~ 211. 30. M. 1. 1937. 31. G. 1955. 139 ~ 140. 32. M. 1936. 105 ~ 122. 33. M. 2000. 283. 34. J. 1931 10. 35. M. 1929. 3 ~4. 36. C/ /.. 1946. 37. J. 192711 303 ~ 313. 38. G. 1943. 39. G. 1934. 4. 40 J. 1928 5 27 ~ 35. 41. J. 2010 6 86 ~ 87. 42. J. 1929 7 92 ~ 106. 43 J. 1931 30 59 ~ 104. 44 J. 1938 18 827 ~ 832. The Formation of the Community of Mining and Metallurgy Engineers in Modern China (1875 ~ 1929) LEI Lifang 1, QIAN Wei 1, FANG Yibing 2 ( 1. Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, USTB, Beijing 100083,China; 2. Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100190, China) Abstract In the process of industrialization of modern China, the mining and metallurgy industry was the first to be valued along-side that of the military. Hence, mining and metallurgy engineers played a vital role in the development of the mining and metallurgy industry. Through research on historical data and statistical analysis, this paper systematically restores the formation of the community of mining and metallurgy engineers in modern China, revealing the evolution of China's domestic capacity in mining and metallurgy technology in modern times. Keywords mining and metallurgy engineers, community, institutionalization, professionalization