21
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 010-62782989 13501256678 13801310933,,,, ;,, ( CIP) /. :,2005.2 (21.) ISBN 7-302-10172-8... - : -. F713.36 CIP (2004 ) 135971 : : ht tp :/ / www.tup.com.cn : 100084 : 010-62770175 : 010-62776969 : : : : : 185 230 : 16.75 : 344 : 2005 2 1 2005 2 1 : ISBN 7-302-10172-8/ T P 6955 : 1 5000 : 22.00, : (010) 62770175-3103 (010) 62795704
, 21,,, ;,,,, 35,,,,,, 21,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, : ( 1), ; ( 2) ; ( 3),,, ; ( 4),
, :,, ;, ;,,,,, :,,,,,,, E-mail : gzgz@ tup.tsinghua.edu.cn,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 1,, 2, B2C B2B C2C, 3,,,
4,, 5,,,,, 6 7 8, 1 2 4, 5, 7, 8 ; 3 6, ;,,,,,,,,,, E-mail : minmin@ccit.js.cn :, 2005 1
1 1 : 1 1.1 2 1.1.1 2 1.1.2 5 1.1.3 7 1.1.4 9 1.1.5 10 1.2 12 1.2.1 12 1.2.2 Web 15 1.2.3 16 1.2.4 EDI 19 1.3 22 1.3.1 23 1.3.2 23 1.3.3 26 1.3.4 27 1.4 27 27 2 30 : 30 2.1 B2B 31
2.1.1 B2B 31 2.1.2 B2B 32 2.1.3 B2B 36 2.1.4 B2B 36 2.2 B2C 43 2.2.1 B2C 43 2.2.2 B2C 45 2.2.3 B2C 48 2.2.4 B2C 49 2.2.5 B2C 55 2.3 C2C 56 2.3.1 C2C 56 2.3.2 C2C 58 2.3.3 C2C 59 2.3.4 C2C 59 2.3.5 66 2.4 66 2.5 69 69 3 71 : 800 71 3.1 72 3.1.1 72 3.1.2 73 3.2 74 3.2.1 74 3.2.2 75 3.2.3 79 3.3 80 3.3.1 80 3.3.2 89 3.3.3 92 3.4 98
3.4.1 98 3.4.2 100 3.5 109 110 4 112 : 112 4.1 113 4.1.1 113 4.1.2 114 4.2 114 4.2.1 114 4.2.2 117 4.2.3 117 4.3 122 4.3.1 122 4.3.2 124 4.3.3 125 4.3.4 126 4.4 134 4.4.1 134 4.4.2 135 4.5 140 4.5.1 140 4.5.2 143 4.6 144 4.6.1 144 4.6.2 146 4.7 147 147 5 149 : 149 5.1 150
5.1.1 150 5.1.2 154 5.2 156 5.2.1 156 5.2.2 157 5.2.3 159 5.3 160 5.3.1 160 5.3.2 165 5.4 : 169 5.5 174 175 6 176 : ( Breadcrumbs ) 176 6.1 177 6.1.1 177 6.1.2 179 6.2 183 6.2.1 183 6.2.2 185 6.2.3 189 6.3 191 6.4 : 194 6.4.1 194 6.4.2 196 6.4.3 199 6.5 202 202 7 204 : DELL 204 7.1 204 7.1.1 204 7.1.2 206
7.2 208 7.2.1 E-mail 208 7.2.2 209 7.2.3 211 7.3 218 7.3.1 219 7.3.2 221 7.3.3 222 7.3.4 223 7.3.5 224 7.4 : 225 7.5 227 228 8 230 : 230 8.1 231 8.1.1 231 8.1.2 231 8.1.3 : 233 8.2 233 8.2.1 234 8.2.2 235 8.3 239 8.3.1 239 8.3.2 243 8.3.3 244 8.4 245 8.4.1 245 8.4.2 246 8.4.3 249 8.5 252 252 255 254
1 :, : PDA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2, ebay 100,,, :,,,, :,,,,?,, Web EDI ( Electronic Data Interchange),
2 1.1, ( ),,,, 19, 20 60, 70, 80, Internet, 1.1.1 1.,, ( 1), ( 2),,, ( 3),, ( 4), (), ; ( 5),
1 3 2. Electronic Commerce( ), EC, :,, IT, : = + + ( Intel ) = + ( H P ),, :, ; :, Web, Internet 1-1, ( EDI ),, ( Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP ) ( Management Information System, MIS ) ( Customer Relation ship Managment, CRM ) ( Supply Chain Management, SCM ) 1-1 ( H uman Resource Management, HRM ),,,,,
4 ( 1), E-mail Q Q, ( 2),,, ( 3), ( Certificate Authority, CA), ( 4) ( 5),,,,,,,, 3. 1-1,, ( 1), Inter net,,,,,, ( 2) :,, 90%
1 5 1-1 ( ) ( ) 24 PC,, ( ) (Cyber Space) ;,,, ;,, ;,, ;, ( Intranet ) ( Office Automation, OA),,, ;,, ( 3),,,, ( 4),,,,, 1.1.2,,,, : 20 60 EDI 90 Internet
6 EDI ( Value Added N etwork, VA N) V AN,, EDI 20 90, Internet, 2000,, E,,, E Internet, Internet,,, PC, ( Personal Digital Assistant, PDA) : + + = 1-2( a) 1-2 ( d) PDA (a) ( SON Y ) Clie PE G - UX50 PDA ( b ) XP218 PD A (c) ( H P ) H2210 P DA ( d) MIO 168 P DA 1-2 PDA, 20 90,,
1 7,,,,,,,,, Inter net, ( ), : 1.1.3 1.,,, :,,,, 1-3, ( 1),, Inter net,, 1-3, BBS EDI, ( 2),,,
8 ( Automated Teller Machine, ATM) POS ( Point of Sale) ( Electronic Funds Transfer, E F T ), 4 ( 3),,, ( )( U PS ) ( F ede x) EDI RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ) POS GIS ( Geographical Information System ) GPS ( Gobal Positioning System ), 5 ( 4), 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B2C, FedEx UPS,,,, :
1 9 ; ;, 1.1.4,,,, :, ; ;,,,, 1-4 1-4 ( 1) 1-4,,,,, ( 2),,,
10,,,,,, Inter net ;, Intranet ; ( C + + ),, Web ( 3),,, ( 4), 1.1.5,,, 1. ( 1), ( 2), 2. ( 1) ( Bu siness to Customer, B2C), ( ) ;, ( ww w.amazon.com ) (w ww.walmart.com ) ( w ww. dangdang.com) ( www.salala.com.cn ) ( w ww. nanjingroad.sh.cn) e (w ww.eguo.com) ( 2) ( Customer to Cu stomer, C2C),
1 11, ebay( www.ebay.com) ( www.taobao.com) ( 3) ( Bu siness to Business, B2B), B2B ( w ww. haier.com) ( ww w. lenovo. com ) ( chinese.alibaba.com ) ( 4) ( Bu siness to Government, B2G),,,, C2G G2G B2E B2B2C B2C2C, 2 3., ( 1), :,,,,, ( 2),,, 4. ( 1), ;, ( 2),, ISP ;
12 1.2, Web EDI 1.2.1 1. ( 1),,,, ( Local Area Network, LAN ), ( Metropolit an Area Net work, MAN ) ( Wide Area Net work, WAN) ;, ;,,,,,,, : ( ISO) ( Open Sy st em Interconnet, OSI ) TCP/ I P ( CCI TT ) X.25 (IEEE) IEEE 802 ( 2), :,,,, WW W : () :
1 13,, : :, :, : U NIX Linux Windows :, Java, ASP 2. ( 1) Inter net,,,,, Internet Internet ARP ANET ( ) 1986 ( National Science Foundation, NSF ) ( NSFNET ),,, NSFNET 1990, ARPA NET, TCP/ IP NSFNET Int ernet,,, ( 2) T CP/ IP TCP/ I P Internet, Internet, TCP/ IP TCP/ I P, TCP IP, TCP ( T ransportation Control P rotocol), IP ( Internet Protocol) IP Internet,, IPv4, 32, IP, I P : 211.87.40.21 IP Int ernet InterNIC ( Internet Net work Information Center ), IP,, I P I Pv4,, IP, Internet
14 I P, IPv6, IP 6 I P,,, (Domain Name System, DNS) I P, IP, www.ccit.js.cn W WW ( 3) Inter net,, WW W E-mail,, ( ),, Int ernet /, : ISP Internet, ISP, ; ( ),, : wljiaotz@163.com( @. ),,,, Outlook Express Foxmail,, IE ( Internet Explorer) W WW WW W, Web, Inter net WWW ( H T T P ), ( H TML) ( ), W WW IE ( F T P ) F T P,,, F T P : ; ( Anonymou s),,,
1 15 ( Telnet),, ( BBS ),, ( 4) Internet, Internet Internet, Inter net ( ISP ) ISP Internet, Internet ISDN DDN ADSL ( CA TV) 1.2.2 Web, Web Web,, Web,, ; ; Web ( 1) H TML H TML,, Web H TML ( ), H TML : H TML < H T ML > < H EAD > < TIT LE > < / TITLE > < / H EAD > < BODY >, < / BODY > < / H TML >
16 H T ML < H T ML > </ H TML > < H T ML > H TML,, < HEAD > </ HEAD >, < BODY > </ BODY >,, H T ML < TI TLE >, H TML, H T ML ( ) H TML,.htm.html, ( FrontPage, DreamWeaver ) ( 2) XML XML( Extensible Markup Language) H TML,, XML, ( ), H T ML, XML XML,, ( 3) WML, WAP ( Wireless Application P rotocol), WML (, Wireless Markup Language) WML XML WA P ( 4),,,, ( Common Gat ew ay Interface, CGI ) ASP ( Active Server Pages ) P H P ( Personal Home Page) JSP ( JavaServer Pages ), ASP,,, P H P JSP, JSP 1-2 CGI ASP P H P JSP 1.2.3 Web, Web
1 17 1-2 CGI ASP PHP JSP CGI ASP P HP JSP Win32 Web IIS VB P HP Java H T ML XML 1.,,,, 20 60,,, ( DataBase System, DBS),, (DataBase, DB ),,,, (DataBase Management System, DBMS ), Oracle SyBase DB2 SQL Server Access 2. Web Web Web,
18 Web,, Web 1-5, / ( Browser/ Server, B/ S) B/ S,, URL Web, Web ( H T ML ), ( IE ) Web,, Web,, H T ML, Web, Web CGI ASP JSP, Web W WW,,, 1-5 B/ S 3., ( On-line T ransaction Processing, OLT P ), ( MIS), ( On-line Analytical Processing, OLAP ) OLT P, OLAP,
1 19 ( 1) ( Data Warehouse, DW),,,,, OLAP ( Decision Support System, DSS) ( CRM) ( Bu siness Int erlliqence, BI) ( 2) (Data Mining, DM ) ( Knowledge Discovery in Database, KDD),,,,,,,,, 1.2.4 EDI 1. EDI,,, 200, 7%,,,,,, EDI EDI,, :,, EDI, 2. EDI ( 1), 1-6, MIS,
20,,,, 1-6 ( 2) EDI EDI, 1-7, EDI EDI EDI,, EDI EDI,,,,,, 1-7 EDI, EDI, EDI ( EDP ) EDP, 3. EDI EDI, EDI EDI EDI EDI EDI ( 1) EDI EDI, EDI, EDI
1 21, / EDI : ( 2) EDI EDI EDI, EDI,, EDI, EDI, 1-8 1-8 EDI ( Flat ), Flat, EDI, 1-8,,, EDI, EDI, EDI EDI,,,,
22, EDI, EDI, ( 3) EDI EDI,,, EDI, EDI, EDI, EDI,,, EDI, EDI ; EDI, EDI EDI ( V AN),, EDI EDI : Int ernet, Internet EDI, EDI, EDI, EDI ( 4) EDI EDI,, EDI, EDI,,,,, EDI, EDI EDI ( U N/ ECE ) ( EDIFACT ), 12 ANSI X.12 1.3,
1 23 1.3.1, ( EDP ) ( MIS ) (DSS ) ( MES ) (O A),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ERP SCM CRM ( BI ) ( Knowledge Management, KM) ( Electronic Marketing, EM ),, ERP SCM CRM E RP,,, ERP SCM CRM 6 1.3.2,,,,,,,, 1., EDI ; ; ; EDI EDI
24 2.,, ( 1),,, ( ) ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,,,, ( ),,, ( 4),,,,,, ( 5) :, ;,,,,,,, ( cookie cookie ), ;
1 25, ( 6),,, ( 7),,,,,,,, ( BBC),,, 1998 3 KELO N,, ( 8), 3. 1996 6, ( U NCI TRAL), 12,,, 1999 9, U NCIT RAL,,,, 2001 3,, 1997 7 ;1999 Int ernet, ; 2000 6
26,,,, 4.,,,, (2002.8.1) ( 2000.9.25 ) (1997.5.30 ) (1997.12.8) (1997.12. 11) ( 1994.2.18 ) ( ) ( 2004.8.28) 2002 8 ( ), ( U NCIT RAL),, 2004 8 28,,,,,, 1.3.3,,, : ; ;,,,, ( CNNIC) 14, 2004 6 30, 8700, 27.9 %, 1997 140.3 3630, 41.1%, 1997 121.4 CN 382216,
1 27 52.5%, 1997 94 WW W 626600, 32.2%,,, 7.3%, 1. 9 %, 15.9 %, 5.8%, 4.9%, 3. 9 %, 2%, 1.1%,,, 1.3.4,,,,,,,, 1.4 ( ) ( ) Web EDI,,, 1. ( 1),,, ( ) A. B. C. D.
28 ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) EDI,, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4) EDI ( ) A. B. C. Extranet D. ( 5) ( ) IP A. 202.258.6.3 B. 202.120.123.10 C. 10.10.0.1 D. 100.12.23.23 ( 6),,, ( ) A. SCM B. CRM C. ERP D. BI ( 7) E RP ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1) EDI ( ) A. ANSI X.12 B. C. U N/ EDI FACT D. ISO ( 2) ( ) A. gov B. firm C. edu D. rec ( 3) ( ) A. B. C., D. ( 4) ( ) A. B. C. D.
1 29 ( 5) ( ) A. Frontpage B. Dreamwaver C. ASP D. JSP 3. ( 1)? ( 2) Web ( 3) OLAP OL T P? 4. ( 1), ( 2), ( 3),
2 :, :,!,, 2003 SARS,,, SARS,, :,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!, ( ),,,!,,,! SARS,,,,! C2C,,,, B2B B2C,
2 31 2.1 B2B, ( B2C ), ( C2C) ( B2B),, Yahoo ;, Amazon ebay ( B2C C2C) ;, Microsoft Alibaba ( B2B), B2B, 2.1.1 B2B B2B,,, CR M CRMH RME RP OA, B2B B2B, emarketer, 80%, 2000 B2B, : B2B ; B2B I T,, B2B B2B B2B, B2B,,,,, B2B,, B2B, B2B ( 1),,, ( ),,,,,,
32 ( 2),, ( 3),,,, 20 90,,,, ( 4),, B2B, Web, EDI 2.1.2 B2B B2B : ( ),,, ; B2B ( ),,, B2B, B2B, B2B : B2B, B2B B2B B2B B2B 1. B2B,,, B2B,, B2B Cisco ( www.cisco.com), 2-1 Cisco,, 1991 P re- Web, 1996 7, Cisco, Cisco,, Cisco
2 33 60% ( www.haier. com) ( www.lenovo.com) 2-1 Cisco B2B, B2B,,,,,, 2. B2B ( 1) B2B,, B2B,,, B2B
34,, : ( china.alibaba.com), 2-2 2-2 ( 2) B2B B2B B2B, 2-1 B2B,,, B2B,,,,, B2B B2B,, ( cn.chempages.com ),,,, 2-3, ( w ww.chinawatch.net)
2 35, ; ( w ww. cctn.net.cn ), 2-1 B2B B2B B2B B2B,,,,,,,,,,, IT,,,, 2-3
36 2.1.3 B2B B2 B 2-4 B2B 2-4 B2B 2.1.4 B2B B2B B2B, ( chinese.alibaba.com), B2B B2B,, 1. ( 1),,, 2300,,, ; 6 ; ;,,, 2-5, ( 2),,,,,, 2-6
2 37 2-5 2-6
38,, ( 3) 472, 70000, 2-7,,,, ;, 2-7,,,, 2-8
2 39 2-8,,,,,, ( 4),, 2-9,,,,, ;,,,, 2-10
40 2-9 2-10
2 41,,, 2.,,,, B2B,,,, 2-11 2-11
42 2004 8 28,,,, 3. : ( ) EDI, B2B B2C,, B2B 30%,,,,,,, B2B,,,, B2C,, B2B,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, U,,,
2 43,,,,,??,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,, 2004-09-24 2.2 B2C,,,, B2C, B2C,,,,, 85818 e, B2C, B2C 2.2.1 B2C 1. B2C B2C,,,,,
44,,,,, 2004, ( 62.8 % ) (31.4% ) ( 30.7 % ), 2. B2C,,,, B2C,,,,,,,, 3. B2C, B2C, B2C,, ( 1) B2C,,,,, ( w ww. wine.com ),,,,, ( 2) B2C,, ( 3) B2C,,
2 45 ( www.walmart.com) metro ( ww w.metro.com) T ESCO ( ww w.tesco.com ) ( w ww. 800 buy.com.cn ) e ( www.eguo.com ) 85818 ( www.85818.com.cn ),,,, 2.2.2 B2C, B2C B2C B2C ( E lectronic Market, EM) 1. B2C B2C,,,,,,, ( 1),,, 2-12,,, ( www.shanda.com.cn ), ( IDC) 2004,,, 2 IDC ( 2), 365,,,,,, ;,, ( 3),,
46 2-12, Dell B2B2C,,,,,, Dell 1984, 19,, 1996 www.dell.com,,,,,,,,,
2 47 2. B2C EM, EM, EM, EM 2.1 B2B B2B EM, B2C EM, ( e-mall) ( ww w.peapod.com) ( ww w.nanjingroad.sh.cn ) My8848 ( ww w.my8848.net) ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, EM, ( 2) EM,,,,, ( www.nanjingroad.s h.cn) 1999 10 1,,,, 2-13,,,,,, ( 3) EM, B2B EM, 2300 ; B2C
48,, 3000 10000 ; Peapod 5 5%,,, Peapod 24 2-13 2.2.3 B2C B2C,
2 49,, 2-14 B2C 2-14 B2C 2.2.4 B2C ( www.dangdang.com ) B2C 1., : ( 1),,,?,,, E-mail, ( 2), 2. 2-15, 2-16,,,,,
50 2-15 2-16
2 51 3.,, 2-17,, 2-18 ( a) 2-18 ( b) 2-18 (c),, ;, ;,,, 2-19,, 2-17
52 ( a) ( b) 2-18 _
2 53 ( c) 2-18 ( ) 2-19
54 4.,, 4.3.4 5.,, E-mail,, 2-20,,,,,, 2-20,,,,
2 55,,,,, ( N ABP ),,,,,,, 2.2.5 B2C,, 2003, B2C,, 1. B2C 14 ( 2004 7 ),, 50%,,,,,, :,, ; ; ;,,,, ( ) 37.9%, ( ) 24.4 %, 18.9% 18.1 %, 42.8%, 28.9 % 2. ( 1)
56,,, ( 2),, B2C, CNNIC 14,, ( ) ( ),,,, ( 3),,,,,,,,, CA ( 4),,,,, B2C, U PS FedEx, B2C,, : ;, ; ; ; 2.3 C2C 2.3.1 C2C C2C,,,, 35%, ebay
2 57 ebay,,,, C2C, 1.,,,,,,,, 2. :, : : : 3. ( 1) ( ), :,,,,,,,, ( 1 ) ( 2), ( ),,,,,, ( ) ( 3),,,,,,
58, ( 4),,,, :,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ebay 7,,,, CD,,, 2.3.2 C2C C2C,
2 59,,,,,, :, 1.,, ( w ww.yabuy.com) 2.,,,, C2C B2C ( ww w.eachnet.com ) ( w ww.taobao.com), ( w ww.ibid.com.cn ),,,,,,,,, 2.3.3 C2C C2C 2-21, C2C 2.3.4 C2C ( www.t aobao.com) 2-21 C2C
60 1. ( 1),, 2-22,,,, 2-22 ( 2),,,,,, 2-23, ( 3),,,,
2 61 2-23,, 2-24,, ( 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2-25
62 2-24 2-25
2 63,, ( 5),,,, ( ),,, 2. ( 1) ( ) ( 2),, 2-26,, T408,, T408,, 2-27, 2-26
64 2-27,,,,,,,,,,,, 24 ( 3), ( 4),,,,,, +,, 50,,, +,,,,
2 65,,,,,,,, C2C,,,,,,,, ( 5),,,,,, C2C ( ) C2C,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, C2C,,,,,,,
66 2.3.5 1. ebay 1995,,, ebay ebay, : ( 1) ebay,,,,, ( 2) ebay, 2 25 ; ebay 1.25% 5% ( 3), ebay,,,, ebay, 2.,,,,,,,,,, 2.4,,,,,, B2G C2G G2G B2E B2B2C B2C2C
2 67 B2G C2G G2G,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1) B2G B2G ( Bu siness to Government) B2A ( Business to Administrator),,,,,,, B2G, :,,,,, ( 2) C2G C2G ( Customer to Government ) C2A ( Cu stomer to Administra tor),,,,,,, C2G, 4500,,,,,,,
68,, 320, 1.08 ( 3) G2G G2G ( Government to Government ) A2A ( Administrator Administra tor),,,,,,,,,,,, 1999, ( 4), B2E ( Business to Employee),, C2B ( Cu stomer to Business ),,,, ;,,,, X2X (exchange to exchange) ( EM),, X2X,,,, B2B2C B2C2C B2B2C B2C B2B, B2C,,,, B2C B2B,, B2B2C ( www.21dmedia.com),,,,,,,, to
2 69 2.5, ( ISP ),, B( Business), C( Customer), G( Government), B2B B2C C2C, B2B B2C C2C, B2G A2A D2D P2P B2E,, B2C B2B, 1. ( 1), ( ) A. B2C B. B2B C. C2C D. B2G ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B.Dell C. D. 2. ( 1) B2B, B2B ( ) A. B2B B. B2B C. B2B D. B2B ( 2) B2C ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( 1) B2B? ( 2) B2B B2B ( 3) B2B,?
70 ( 4)? B2C?? 4. ( 1) B2C,,, B2C, ( 2), C2C ( 3),
3 : 800, 9,,,, 2004 2 10, 2 9,8, 66000, 23974, 540 66006 23974, 90520,,, 2003 2,,, 800,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,
72,, 3.1 3.1.1,, ( 1),,,, ;,, ( 2),,,,, ( 3),,,, ; ;,,,,,,, ( 4)
3 73, 3.1.2,, 1.,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,
74, ( 1),, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.2 3.2.1 1. : :, :,, :, : 2., : V PN,,
3 75,,,,,, ( Virtual P riva te N etwork, V PN),,,,, EDI,,,,,, 3.2.2,,, :, ( ),,, 1., ( 1), ( ), CPU, 1575/ 1591,, CIH,
76 ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,, Word ( VBScript JavaScript ),,,,,,,,,, ( ISP ) ( 3),,,,,,,,, 2. Backdoor.RmtBomb.12 T rojan.win32.
3 77 SendI P.15,,,,,.., ( 1),, Trojan, Worm ( 2), CIH CI H, Sasser ( 3), 26, Worm.Sasser.b B,, 3-1,, 3-1 Trojan Trojan.LMir.PSW.60 PSW PWD, Hack H ack.nether.client( ) Worm Worm.Blaster( ) Script Script.Redlof VBS JS VBS.Happytime( ) VBScript Macro. Word. Word97. Excel.Excel97 Macro.Melissa( ) Macro.E xcel Macro,, Word/ Excel Backdoor Backdoor.IRCBot,, Joke Joke.Girlghost Binder Binder.killsys( ) QQ IE, Harm H arm.bursted.b
78 3.,,,,,,,,,, KV3000,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ; ; ;, ;, ; ;, ;,
3 79 3.2.3 1.,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),, 2.,,,, : ; ; ;,,,,, : ; ; 3., IP ( 1) IP IP I P,,,, IP, IP IP
80,,,,,,, IP, I P IP ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, RPC UDP,,,,,, 3.3 3.3.1,,
3 81, 1.,,,, ( 1) / ( ), ( ), ( 2) / 3-1, M,, C M E Ke C C D Kd M, Ke Kd 3-1 /, ( ) ( A 01,, B 02,, Z 26), 10, 10, 10,, How are you 1825333711282537352531,,,,,,, 2.
82 ( 1),, Ke = Kd,, ;, ;,,,, N N( N - 1 )/ 2, ( Data Encryption Standard, DES) 1976 DES 64 (56, 8, ), 64, 16,,,,,,,,, ( 2),, Ke Kd,,,,,,, 3-2 3-2
3 83,,,,,, 3-3 3-3,,,,,, 3. X Y Y : Y ( Key A, Key B), Key A, Key B ( X) X Key B,, Y Y, Key A, Key A, Y ( ), Y Key A, X X,, Key B, Y,
84, Y 4. ( 1) RSA RSA, Internet : Ron Rivest Adi Shamir Leonard Adleman RSA RSA :,,,,,, : ) P Q ; ) P Q n = P Q ; ) n e, ( P - 1) ( Q - 1) ; ) d, (e d) mod [ ( P - 1) ( Q - l) ] = 1 mod ( ) ; ( n, e) ; ( n, d) C, M, C = M e ( mod n ) ; M = C d ( mod n ) P = 3, Q = 11, n = P Q = 33, e = 3, 3 20 ( 3 d) mod(20) = 1, d = 7 ( 33, 3 ) ; ( 33, 7) C = M 3 ( mod 33), M = C 7 ( mod 33) RSA ), ;, ) ) Ke Kd ), Ke Kd RSA DE S, RSA,, 1024, RSA,,,, DE S ( DES ), RSA RSA,,,,,
3 85,, RSA E-mail ( P rivacy Enhanced Mail, PEM), RSA DES ( 2) MD 5 MD 5 ( Message-Digest algorithm 5: ), MD 2 MD 3 MD 4 MD 5 MD 5 ( message) ( message-digest ), MD 5, ( H ash ), MD 5 (, ) MD 5 3-4 3-4 ( 1),, ( 2), 1 2,,,,, MD 5 MD 5, H ash,, MD 5 SH A-1 H as h,,,, ; H ash : ) :
86 ) :,,, SSL, PGP H ash,, MD 5 Hash,, MD 5,,,, 2004 8 17 ( Crypto 2004), MD 5 H ash : MD 5 2004 8 17, ( Crypto 2004 ) Eli Biham Antoine Joux SH A-1 SH A-0, MD 5 H A VAL-128 MD 4 RIPEMD, MD,,,,,? MD5, :? MD 5 ; S H A-1, SH A-1 MD 5 H ash, ( NIST ) 2004 8 24, : ( Crypto 2004), H as h, MD 4, MD 5, H AV AL-128, RI PEMD S H A-0, 1994 S H A-0 S H A-1 ; S H A-1, S H A-1 S H A-1,, 2010 S H A-1, ( S H A-224 S H A-256 S H A-384 SH A-512) 2004-09-04
3 87 MD 5, MD 5,,, MD 5, Shamir MH, RSA ; DES,, 5. ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,, CA,,,, 3-5, Hash ( 1 ),,, ( ), H ash ( 2 ), 1,,,, 3-5
88, H ash, ; ;,,,,, ;,, ( 2),,, (Digital time-stamp, DTS ), : DT S DTS 3-6, H ash 1, 1, 1, H as h 2,,,,, 1, H as h 1 3,, 2, 2 3,, 3-6
3 89 3.3.2, /,,, CA ; 1.,,,,,,,,,,, ( IT U) X.509 X.509 X.500 X.500,, ( 1) X.509, ( ) ; ; ; ; ( 2), :,,,,, ;, ;,
90,, B2B B2C B2G Web VPN V PN, ; Web I P,, Web SSL, ; VP N VPN ; V PN, VP N,,,,,, ( 3) U SB Key IC U SB Key :, USB,,, ATM IC, USB Key 2.,,, CA ( Certificate Authority) CA,,, CA ( 1) CA RA ( Register Authority) WP ( Web Publisher) CA : CA,,
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3 93, SSL SE T 2. SSL SS L,, SSL,, SSL ( ) ( Web ), ( IE Netscape ) Web ( IIS NetscapeEnterpriseServer ) SSL, IE SSL 3-7 3-7 IE SSL ( 1) SSL SSL : IE SSL ( SSL )
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104 3-18 IE 3-19 3-20
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3 109 3-27 Foxmail,,,,,, ;,,,,, 3.5,, ; SSL SET,,,,,
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4 113 4.1,,,,,,,,, :,,, Internet,,,, 4.1.1,, : ( 1),, ; ( 2) ( Int ernet) ; ( 3), Internet Extranet,, ;, ( 4),,,,,,, :, 3, SSL SET,,
114,,,,,,,,,,, 4.1.2 Internet,,,, A TM POS ( EDI), ( E F T ),, ;,,, ;,, ( AT M) ;, ( POS ) ;,, ( Internet ),,, :, ;, ;, ( E F T ), 4.2 4.2.1,,,,,?
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116 2. ( 1),,,,,,,, 1, 0.8,,,,,,,, DigiCash David Chaum, 1.5% 3 %, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Internet, Internet,
4 117,,,,,,, 4.2.2 4-1, :, ( 100 ) IC,,,, 4-1 4.2.3,,,,,,
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4 119 4-2 ecash 4-3 ecoin
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4 121 ecoin,,,, ecoin, ecoin ecoin ecoin ecoin, ecoin, ecoin, ecoin, ecoin ecoin, 3. PayPal PayPal, ebay, PayPal 4-6 4-6 PayPal
122 PayPal :,,,!, PayPal, PayPal, 4.3 4.3.1,, POS, ATM, Inter net, SET SSL, 1. ( 1),,, ATM ( 2),,, ATM,,, ( ) ( 3),,, ;, ( 4),,,
4 123,,,,,,,,, IC,,, IC,,, 2. ( 1), ( 100B ),,,, ( 2) IC IC ( Integrated Circuits Card ), 4.5 ( 3), IC, IC, IC :, 4.1MB 6.6MB,,,,,, X 3. ( 1) ( VISA ) ( Master ) ( 2),
124, ; ( ), VISA American Express Card JCB Card MAS TE R Diners Clu b Card 4.3.2, SS L SET 1., 4-7, :,,,,, 4-7
4 125,, : Internet,, ; ;, ;, ; B2B, B2B,,, B2B 2. SSL SET 3, SSL SE T SSL, SSL,,, SSL,, SE T, SE T,,, SE T SET 4.3.3 1. POS,
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4 127 IC USB, ( ),,, USB,,, ( ), IC, 1., ww w.95588. com www.icbc.com.cn, 4-9, 4-9,, :,
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4 129 4-11 B2C 4. 2.2.4 B2C,, ( 1) SSL, 2-19, 4-12,, SSL,, SSL, 4-13 SSL,,,, 128 SSL, ht tp s:/ /, http:/ /, SSL 4-14 ( 2) 81452763, 4-14
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4 135,,,,,,,,,, :, ( ) 2., :, Mondex,,,,,, Internet,,, Microsoft Microsoft Wallet, IBM Consumer Wallet, Cyber Cash Int ernet Wallet,, IE Netscape,,,, ID, 4.4.2, Mondex, 1. Mondex ( 1) Mondex Mondex IC, ( National-Westminster ) 1990,
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4 137 ( 1),,,,,,, ( 2) http:/ / www.bank-of-china.com ZI P,, setup.exe, :,!,, BOCE-wallet ( 3),,,,,,, 4-23 4-23
138 ( 4),,, 4-24 :, : BOCA : : :, 4-24,,,, 4-25 4-25
4 139 ( 5),,,,,,,,, 4-26,, 4-26 ( 6),, SET, SET,,,,,,,,, 4-27,,,,,, 4-28, PIN,, PIN,,,,,,
140 4-27 4-28 PIN 4.5 4.5.1,,, ; Int ernet, 4.2 4.3 4.4 1. ( Smart Card ) IC ( Integrated Circuit Card, ),
4 141,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( PIN), PIN, PIN,,, GSM,, PIN 2., 20 70, Moreno, IC 20,, IC, Bull H N 1997, IC ( 2800 ),, IC,, 1993,, 10 3,,,,,,,, 3. ( 1),, 3 ISO 7816, 1 2 3, EMV EMV VISA Master Card( ) 1996, CP U,
142 CEN CEN,, ( 2),, ( IC) IC IC POS IC,,,, IC,, IC IC IC 4., ( ) ( Internet ), : 4.3 IC, USB IC, IC, :,, IC Internet : IC,, Internet 4.4 Mondex : IC IC IC IC 5. ( 1), 3 m, IC E 2 PROM ( ), IC,, IC IC E 2 PROM,
4 143 E 2 PROM E 2 PROM, IC, IC, CPU CP U( ) E 2 PROM RAM( ) ROM( ) COS ( ) ROM IC CPU, E 2 PROM, RAM I/ O IC IC, CPU,, /, IC,,, ( 2), IC,, 8 IC, IC, IC 10cm, 0.1s, IC, ( 3) IC,,, ;, Mondex 4.5.2 4,, Internet 4.3, SSL,,, USB, USB,
144 ( 1),, ( 2) Internet Web, PC,, ( 3) ( 4),,,, ( PIN ), P IN,,,,,,,,,, 4.6 4.6.1,,,, 1. ( Electronic Check ),,,, 4-29,,,,,,
4 145, /, 4-29 2.,,,,,, PC PDA, :,,,, PIN, ;,, PIN ; 3. Internet, SWI F T, FST C Electronic Check NetCheque
146 NetBill FS TC ( FST C, Financial Services Technology Consortium) BIP ( Bank Inter net Payment ) ( ) NetCheque NetBill Carnegie-Mellon,, 4.6.2, 1. ;,, ;,,, ;, 2. :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,
4 147 4.7,,,,,,,,,, PDA IC,, 1. ( 1),, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2),, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3),, ( ) A. B. C. IC D. 2. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2), ( ) A. IC B. IC C. IC D. CPU ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. Inter net
148 ( 4), ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( 1)?? ( 2),?? ( 3) ( 4) ( 5)? ( 6),?? ( 7), 4. ( 1) http:/ / www.95588.com,, ( 2) http:/ / ww w.bank-of-china.com, ( 3),?
5 :,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1000 /, 0.57 /, 100 57 /, 500, 200 /, 1200 /,,, :, 4, 80, 160,200,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 PL)
150, ; ( 2PL), ; (3 PL),, ; (4PL),,, www.21echina.com 5.1 5.1.1 1. 1935, : ( Phy sical Distribution), ( Physical Distribution ), 1986 :,, Logistics, Logistics Physical Distrib ution, Logistics,,,,,,,,,,, Physical Distribution Logistics,,,,,, Logistics,,,
5 151, 2001, ( Logistics ) :, 2.,, 5-1 : ;, ;, 5-1 3., ( 1),,, 5-2, : ;,,, :
152 5-2, ; ;,, : ;,, ( 2),, 5-3,,,,,
5 153 5-3, ;,,,,, china.alibaba.com.cn 4. ( 1),,,,,,, :, ;, ;, ( 2),
154,,, 5-4 5-4,,,,,,, 5.1.2 1.,,,,, ; ; ; ; ; ;,,,
5 155,, 2. 20 80,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ;, ;, ; : ; ; ; ; 3.,, 8,,,,,,,
156, W TO,,,,,, 5.2 5.2.1 1.,,,, CD, 1999 9,, 72,,,, 2., ( 1),,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,
5 157,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,?,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.2.2,,, 1.,, 20 80,,,,,,
158,,,, 2., ( Third- Part Logistics, T P L),,,, ( 1),,,,, / ( 2), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 500 75%
5 159 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.2.3,, ( 1), ; ; ;, ( Bar Code) ( Database) ( Electronic Ordering System, EOS ) ( EDI) ( Quick Response, QR ) ( Effective Customer Response, ECR )( Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP ) ( 2),,,,, / / ( 3), :,,,,
160,,, 20 90,,,, ( 4),, ( ),, ( 5),,, 20 90, ( Flexible Manufacturing System, F MS ) ( Computer Integrated Manufacturing Sy stem, CIMS ) ( Manufacturing Resource Planning, MRP ),,,,,, 5.3,,,,, 5.3.1,
5 161 :,, : ( 5-5 ), ( 5-6 ), ( 5-7 ) 5-5 5-6 ( a) ( b) ( ) (c) 5-7 ( ), :,,
162,,, 5-8 ( a) ( b ) ( c) 5-8,,,,,,,, 5-9 ( a) ( b ) 5-9
5 163,,, 5-10 ( a) ( b) 5-10,,,, 5-11 ( a) ( b) 5-11
164, ;,,,,,, 5-12 ( a) ( b) ( c) 5-12,,,,, 5-13 ( a) ( b) ( c) 5-13,,
5 165, :,, 5-14 (a) ( b) 5-14 1,, 5-15 ( a) ( b ) 5-15 12, 5-16 5.3.2,, ;,,, Bar Code( ) RF (
166 ) EDI( ) GIS( ) GPS( ), EDI, 1, (a ) ( b ) (c) ( d) ( ) 5-16 1. ( 1),,,,,, POS EDI,, ( ECR) ( QR )
5 167 ( ACEP ), POS EDI,,,,,,,,,, EDI, :, ;,, EA N/ U PC,, UCC/ EAN-128 ( UCC: Uniform Code Council Inc., ),, ( 2), 480, 1.5,,,,,,,,,,
168,,,,,,, 2. ( 1) ( Radio F requency, RF ), : ( ),,,,, ( PDT ), PDT, PDT, PDT, RF,, RF,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,
5 169,,,, 3. ( Geographical Information Sy stem, GIS),,,, ( ),, GIS, GIS GIS GIS 4. ( Global Positioning Sy stem, GPS), G PS ; ; ; 5.4 :,, 1994 10,, 40, 1.,, 1994,,
170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997,, :,,,, 1998 5, Internet/ Intranet,,,,,,,,,,, Internet,,, 2.,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1999, ( Egistics Corporation ),,,
5 171,,,, EDI XDI( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1,,, XDI,,,,,,,, ERP,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
172,, 3.,, XDI,, XDI, XDI EDI, XDI EDI,, XDI,,,,, XDI,, I T,,, Int ernet,,, XDI,, XDI VP N 5-17 5-18 5-17
5 173 5-18 4. :,,,,,,,,,,, XDI,,, 4,, 8,, 3,,
174,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,, :,, Internet,,,,,, 2003 TCL ( TOM ) 5.5,,,,,
5 175 1. ( 1) 1986 ( ), A. Physical Distribu tion B. Logistics C. Business Logistics D. Dist ribution ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 5), ( ) A. B., C. D. 2. ( 1) ( 2)?? ( 3)?? ( 4)?? ( 5)? ( 6)? 3.,
6 : (Breadcrumbs),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2004-08-27, ;,,,,,
6 177 6.1 6.1.1, ( ), 1., CA ( 1), Inter net ( 2),, ( 3),,,,, ( 4) 24, (, ), : ( 5) CA,, ( 6),,
178, : : 2., ( B2B B2C ),,,, 6-1 6-1 ( 1),,,,,, ( 2),,,, ( 3),,,
6 179,, 6.1.2, 1., ( ) ; ( ) ( 1),,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,
180 : ; ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ; :,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,,, ( 1),,,,,
6 181,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Dell),,, ( 2),,,,, B2C B2B B2G C2C C2G,,,,, ( 3),,,,
182 3.,, ( 1),,, ( ),, : Internet Web Inter net ( 2), ( 3),, ( 4),,,, 4., ;
6 183,,,, 6.2 6.2.1,,,,,,,,, 8,, 1. ( 1) : : ( ) ( ) ( 2),, ( ; ) ( ; ; ; ),,,, ; ; ; ; ;,
184,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, 2.,, : ( ),,,,,, Web ;, ;,,, 3.,,
6 185 ( ),, : ; : ; :, ; :,,, : ; ; ;, 6.2.2,,,,, 1. ( 1),,,,,,, ( 2),,,,, ;,,, ( 3),,,,,,,
186 ( 4),,,,, ( 5),, 2.,,, : ( 1),, :, IBM U PS DELL Cisco : http:/ / china.alibaba.com,,,,,, ( CNNIC, http:/ / www.cnnic.net.cn),, CN NIC ( ht tp :/ / w ww.internic.net, ICA NN ) ( 2),,,, (
6 187 ISP ), ( ),,, I P, ( W WW F T P E-mail ),,,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,, ;,, : : : :,, :, :, : ( 4), : :
188 : Flash :,, :,, Dreamweave ; ASP/ JSP ; Flash ( 5),, :, :, ; : ; : ; : Web :,,, ; :, Web, ; :, Web,,,, :,, ; ;,, ;,, ( 6),,, :, ;, ;,,,
6 189 : WEB F T P :, : 6.2.3,,,,, ; ; BBS; 1., ( 1),,,,,,,,,,, ( 2), :,, Google 10, : ( )
190,,,,,,,, 2.,,, : ; ( ) ;,, ; 3. BBS ( 1),, ; ;,, ( 2) BBS, BBS,, ( 3),, ; ;,, ;
6 191 :,, (, ), / URL,,,,,, 3721,, ( ) 3721 CNNIC 6.3,,,, E RP SCM CRM,, 1. SCM,,,,,,, ( Right P roduct ) ( Right T ime) ( Right Quantity) ( Right Quality ) ( Right Status ) ( Right Place),,, ( Collaboration Business ), e
192 ( : e-supply Chain Management, escm) escm,,,,,, escm ( 1) 6-1,,, escm,,,, 6-2 6-1 SCM ( 2),,, escm,,,, 6-2 escm ( 3) escm,,,,,,,,,, 2. ( Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP )
6 193, 20 60, ( MRP ) ( M RP ) 90,, M RP E RP, E RP,,,,,,, ERP,, B2B,,, E RP (, ), (, ),,,,, ERP,,, ERP, ERP, ERP,, ; E RP 3. CRM ( Customer Relationship Management, CRM ),,,,,,, CRM,,,, CRM : ( ) ; ; ; CRM : DW DM OLAP
194 4. ERP SCM CRM,,, E RP CRM SCM, E RP CRM SCM ERP,, ;, SCM ERP,,,, SCM CRM,,,, ERP, SCM,,, SCM, ERP CRM,,,,, E RP SCM CRM,, ERP,,,,, CR M SCM PDM( ), 6.4 : 6.4.1 1984, 20 11, 12000, 2003 3, 12 ( ) ( : IDC),,,,,,, 500,,, QDI 2002 9, ; 2003
6 195,,, 268.05 ; 2003 1, Best-Managed Companies ( ), 2004 3 26, 4 ( 2005 2008 ) 2006 2008 200, 2004, 2003 2004 2004 2004, :, ; :,, ; : ; : ( ht tp :/ / w ww.lenovo.com ) 6-3 6-3
196 6.4.2 1. 1990, :,,,,,,,, 1.7,, 20 %, 5 %, 25%,, 25%,,,,,,,,,,,?, PC, 4000,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,, 2. :,,
6 197,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,, :,, E RP ;, ERP SCM CR M,,, 3. ( 1) :,, ( ),,,,, CEO,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
198, ERP ( 2) 1996 MRP-, ERP,, ERP,, ERP SAP R/ 3 ( IBM ), 2000 1 ; 2, ERP, ERP, E RP,, ; ( FI) ( CO) ( SD) ( MM) ( PP ) 200, 77,,, CRM Siebel, ERP ( SCM) E RP,,,,,,, : ;, 4. ERP SCM,,,, ERP SCM, PRC ( )
6 199,, ( ),,,, ;, ; ; 30 6.4.3 http:/ / www.lenovo.com,, :,, 1. ( 1), 6-4,,, B2C, ( 2),,, 6-4 6-4 ( 3),,,,, ( ),,,, 6-5
200, ; 6-5 2.,,!,, ( ht tp:/ / www.lenovo.net/ index. jsp ),,,,,,, 60% 70%,,,
6 201 2, 3., ;,,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 2004 2 18,,,,,,, I T, ERP,,,, PC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
202 6.5,, : ERP SCM CR M,,,,,,, 1. ( 1), ( ) A. B. C. D. E. ( 2), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3),, ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4), ( )
6 203 A. C. 2. B. Telnet D. ( 1 ), ( 2), ( 3), ( 4) E RP SCM CRM, 3. ( 1),? ( 2) google.com, ( 3) escm SCM ( 4) ERP CRM SCM 4. ( 1) ( ),,, ( 2),, ; ; ;,
7 : DELL DELL ( DELL Computer) ( http:/ / www. dell.com) DELL, 600 DELL DEL L :, 800, ;,,, DELL DE LL, DELL,, DEL L DELL,,,,,,, DELL,,,, 7.1,, 7.1.1,,
7 205, CyberMarketing, Int ernet Mar keting, Networ k Marketing, e-marketing,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, ( 1), 4P, ( P roduct ), ( P rice ), ( Place ), ( P romotion), 4P, 4C 4C : ( Customer),,, ( Cost),,,,, ( Convenience),,, ( Communica tion),,,,,,
206,,,, ;,,,,, 4C, 4P Internet, 4P, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.1.2 B2B,,
7 207,,,,, BBS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : : E-mail iresearch2004 3 iusersurvey E-mail, 25.2%, 20.9 %, 14.8%, 7-1 7-1 iusersurvey E-mail
208 7.2 7-1,, : E-mail, ( / ), ( ), ( ), ( : http:/ / www.yp.net.cn) 6, E-mail 7.2.1 E-mail, / E-mail, E-mail E-mail, E-mail E-mail,,, E-mail,, E-mail E-mail E-mail, E-mail :, E-mail, E-mail ( 1) E-mail E-mail, E-mail E-mail, E-mail E-mail,,
7 209 :,,, E-mail, E-mail, E-mail,, E-mail,,, E-mail, E-mail, ( 2) E-mail URL E-mail,,,,,,,,,,, URL E-mail,, ( www.yourweb.com) ht tp :/ / E-mail mailto:,,,,,,,,,,,, E-mail 7.2.2 1.,,,,,
210 :,, 2., Web Web ( 1) Web Web, Web,, 24, Web, ( Ban ner ),,, GI F,,,,,, Banner, Banner 120 60,,, (, ), 7-2,,,, ( Homepage),,, Web, ( Rich Banner),,,,,
7 211 7-2,,, ( 2) Web Web DoubleClick,, DoubleClick /, /,,,, /, 2004 3 3 7.2.3 :,
212,,,, 1.,,,,,, ( 1) Mailing List,,,,,,, ;,, :, : :,,,,, ;, ( 2),,,,
7 213,, :,,,, F AQ,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 2.,,, ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,
214,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,, CN NIC 7-3,,, E-mail,,,,,,
7 215 7-3,, : Google ( w ww. google.com), ( ww w.baidu.com.cn ) ( ),,,, : ( Indexer), ( Spider ) ( Robot),,, Google ;,, Lycos,
216,,, ( w ww.yahoo.com) 7-4 7-5 7-4 ( Yahoo!) 7-5
7 217,, InfoSpace(www.infospace.com), ( http:/ / www.soseen.com),,,,,,,,, ( http:/ / www. alibaba.com),, ; ( ht tp :/ / w ww.s martmr.com),,,,, ( Web ) DIALOG ( http:/ / ww w.dialog.com ), DIALOG, ( CECDB) 1988, CECDB 20, 96 197935, DIALOG CECDB, 3.,,,,,,,, ( 1),,,,,
218,,,, ( 2),,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,, ( 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, -,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.3 4P, 4C, 4C, 4P Internet,
7 219 4P,,, ( ) ;, ; ;, 4P 4C,, 7.3.1,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, : ( 1),,, ( www.amazon.com), Eyes, :, ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),
220,,,, ( 4),,,, 7-6 7-6,,, 2.,, ; F AQ ( ) ; : F AQ ( 1) FA Q( F requently As ked Questions),, FA Q FAQ,,, FA Q, ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,
7 221,, F AQ ( 4),,,,,,, ( 5), ( QQ, ICQ, MSN Messenger ),,,,,,,, 7.3.2, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,
222 7.3.3,, ( 1),,,, 10% 15%,,, ( 2),,,, ( 3),,,, ( 4),,,,,,,,, ( 5) :, ;,,, ; ;,
7 223,,, 7.3.4,,,, 7-7, 7-7 1., 1984, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, Internet,,,,
224 7.3.5 1.,,,,,,,,,, 7-8, 7-8 2. :,, ( 1) 7.2.2 6,, CP M ( Cost Per Mille, Cost Per T housand, Cost Per Impressions ) CPM 1000, 1 / CP M, 1, 10000 10 CP M,,,, CPM CPC( Cost Per Click, Cost Per Thousand Click-T hrough ) 1000
7 225,,,, CPA ( Cost Per Action ) CP A,, CPA,, CP M,,,,, ( 2),,,,,, :,, ( 3),,, 7.4 : 1996 10,,,,, 2000 3 10, 1.,,,,,,,,,,
226 2., 40,, 60000, 2, 5, 7,,,,, : FA Q,,,,, 1994, 7-9 7 7-9 3.,,,, ;
7 227 ;,,,,,,,, ;, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. GE( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.5 Internet,
228,, 4C ;, 1. ( 1), ( ) A. B. C. D., ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2), ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C.
7 229 D., ( 4) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 5), ( ) A. B. C. D., 3. ( 1) 4C ( 2) ( 3) 4. ( 1),, ( 2)
8 :,,2004,,,?,, :,,, ( www.athens2004.com) ;,, 300, 1999,, 500 4 : 2003 2, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,!,,,,,,,
8 231 8.1 8.1.1,,, 20, :,,,,,,, e, e e e e e,, 1/ 3,,,,, 2002, 27 46 2000,,,, 8.1.2,, : ( 1),,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,
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8 233, / / Web, 8.1.3 :,,, ( GE ), GE, 28 3,, GE 300, GE, GE,, 4 GE, GE,,,,,, ( ), 10 GE, 4 10,,,,, 10% 20%, 8.2,,
234 8.2.1 1.,,, 21,, ( EDI), :,, ;, ;, 90 % EDI,, EDI 20 EDI 20 90, 1998,, 2001 W TO,,,,,,, 2., : ( 1),,,,,, ;,,,
8 235,, ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,,, ( 4),,,,, 8.2.2 1.,, 8848.net 2000,, 2002,,,,,,,, CNNIC 12, 2004 6 30, 8700, 6.7%,
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8 237 ( 2),,,,,,,,,, : 107 30 7.3 2 35 1 60 5 29 2,, ( 3) ( E-SCM),,, ;,,,,,,,, 3. OK ( 1) I T 5000,, 2000 9 25,,, B2C B2B OK, 3, OK 8-1
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240 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,, 2000, PC,,, 2003, 527, 15.1%, 15.1 % 60% 64 %,, 2005, 880, 25 % ; 20280, 30% 2., ( 1) +,
8 241,,, +,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,, 3. 1990 12 30, 1991 5 26, 2002 4,, 22, 135.47, 32.38,,, 3 ( ww w.htsc.com.cn, 8-2 ),, : ( 1),
242 8-2, ( 2),,, ( 3),, K,,,,,, ( 4) E,
8 243 8.3.2 1.,,, : ; ; ;,,, 2003,,,, 1996, 1996, 2001 1,,, 1999, 5,,,, 2.,,,, ;,,, :,
244, ( ),,, 8.3.3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2., ( 1),,,,,,,, ( 2) +,, ( ),, 50%, ( ), TCL, 50%,,,,,,
8 245 ( 3) +,,,,,, 3.,, 10, 1, 200, 7, 60,, ( ht tp:/ / w ww.cbern.gov.cn ),,,, 67,, 200,, 100, 8.4 20 90,,,,,,,, 8.4.1,,, E-Government,,,,,
246,,, 1999 1, 40 ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) :,,,,,,, 8.4.2, 1. ( G2G) :
8 247,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. ( G2B),, : ( 1) GDP ( ) 10 % 15 %,,,,,,,,,,,
248 ( 2),,,,,, ( 3),,,, ( 4),,,,, ( 5),,, 3. ( G2C) : ( 1),,,,, ( 2), ; ;, ( 3),, ;,
8 249 ;,, ( 4),, ;, ;, ( 5),, ;, ; ( 6) ;,,,,,, G2C,, 8.4.3,, (, ) ( 1) 80,,,, ( 2) 1993 12,,,,,,,,,,,
250 ( 3) 1999,,,,,,, ; 2002 9 25 ( 8-3 ),, 8-3
8 251 15, 2005,,,,, ( 4), 2002,, W TO :, :, :, : 12 12, ; ( ) 5 ; 5,,,,,, 2004 58, 2004,,, ;, ;, ;, ;
252 8.5,,,,,,,, 1. ( 1) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 2) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 3) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 4) ( ) A. EDI B. C. D. ( 5) ( ) A. B. C. D. ( 6) ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( 1),?
8 253 ( 2) ( 3) 3. ( 1), ( 2),,
[1 ].. :, 2003 [2 ],.. :,2002 [3 ]. ( 2 ). :,2002 [4 ],. ( 2 ). :, 2004 [5 ],.. :,2003 [6 ],.. :,2003 [7 ],.. :,2004 [8 ],.. :,2002 [9 ],.. :, 2002 [10].. :,2002 [11].. :,2002 [12].. :, 2003 [13],,.. :, 2004 [14] Philip Kolter,. :,2003 [15].. :,2002
[1 ] : ht tp :/ / china.alibaba.com [2 ] : http:/ / www.taobao.com [3 ] : http:/ / www.chinaeclaw.com [4 ] EC : http:/ / www.21echina.com [5 ] : http:/ / www.wx800.com [6 ] eworks : ht tp:/ / www.e-works.net.cn [7 ] : http:/ / www.ebay.com.cn [8 ] : http:/ / www.dangdang.com [9 ] : www.iresearch.com.cn [10] : www.chinabidding.com [11] : www.all56.com [12] : www.china-logisticsnet.com [13] : http:/ / www.grp.com.cn/