50 6 2007 11 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol 50, No 6 Nov, 2007,, LASG 1,2007,50 (6) :1677 1687 Yu Y Q, Zheng W P, Zhang X H, et al LASG coupled climate system model FGCM21 0 Chinese J Geophys (in Chinese), 2007, 50 (6) :1677 1687 LASG,,, (LASG), 100029 (LASG) LASG ( FGCM) FGCM20,,, LASG (eddy2permitting) (NCAR) CAM2 CSIM4,,, - ( ENSO) ; FGCM FGCM20, (NECC) ENSO,, - ( ENSO) 0001-5733(2007)06-1677 - 11 P461 2007-02 - 05,2007-06 - 14 LASG coupled climate system model FGCM21 0 YU Yong2Qiang, ZHENG Wei2Peng, ZHANG Xue2Hong, LIU Hai2Long LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Abstract The latest version of a coupled climate system model developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics ( LAGS) and its basic performance are described in this study The coupled model is configured based on the initial version of LASG flexible coupled GCM(FGCM20), and it is the second version of FGCM and named as 1 includes three component models atmosphere, ocean and sea ice models coupled together with the NCAR flux coupler, in which the oceanic component model of is a global eddy2permitting oceanic general circulation model developed at LASG,and both the atmospheric and sea ice models are the NCAR atmosphere model CAM2 and CISM4, respectively Momentum, heat and fresh water fluxes are exchanged at the air2sea interface in the coupled model, although there is not any artificial flux correction or flux anomaly coupling scheme used in the coupled model, the model reproduces basic climatological state Further analysis based on a long term integration of the coupled model suggest that it can simulate basic behavior of El Nino 2Southern Oscillation ( ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole ( IOD) ; compared with the initial version of FGCM ( FGCM20), simulate a more realistic North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) and ENSO cycle Keywords Climate system model, Ocean model, El Nino2Southern Oscillation ( ENSO) (2006CB403605) (40675049, 40221503),,1968,1997 E2mail : yyq @lasg iap ac cn 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
1678 (Chinese J Geophys ) 50 1 015 015 510 10 3 m 2 s - 1, FGCM20 2, 211, NCAR ( Community Atmosphere Model, CAM2), CAM2 NCAR CCM3 [15 ], CCM3,CAM2,, 18 26 CAM2,, T42,, 218 NCAR ( IAP) ( Community Land Model, (LASG) CLM) [16 ] CLM 20 80 10, 1989 [1 ], [2 4 ] 212 2002 LICOM ( LICOM) [5,6 ], ( 4 5 015, : 015, 4 30 ),,, [6,7, ], 015, [7 13 ] ( Eddy2permitting OGCM), 30,, ( Indonesian Throughflow, ITF), 1999 75 S 65 N ( ), ( ECMWF Reanalysis, FGCM, ERA15) [17 ] COADS( Comprehensive [14 ] FGCM20 FGCM, Ocean2Atmosphere Data Set) [18 ] [19 ], Haney FGCM20, 600,, LICOM, LICOM 11875 11875, 210 10 4 m 2 s - 1, 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
6 :LASG 1679 Agulhas,,LICOM,Deacon Cell,,, LICOM ; (4) FGCM2, 110 Spinup, FGCM20, L30T63 70 [14,24 ], FGCM20 Spinup, 210 10 4 m 2 s - 1 5 10 3 m 2 s - 1 FGCM20,, Spinup, 70 Spinup FGCM20 [14 ] FGCM20, ( Spinup, ),, [4,20 ], FGCM20, Spinup [21 ] LICOM110 [29, ], [22 24 ], Spinup - [25 ] 5,, [26 ] -,,FGCM20 [27,28 ] 60, 300,, ENSO FGCM20 LICOM 015 015, LICOM 213 FGCM20,,, NCAR (SST) ( Flux Coupler Version 5) SST 3 1, SST FGCM20 ( 2a) : (1),,,, ;,, SST FGCM20, [4,20 ] ; (2) ( ), 18 26 ; (3) FGCM20 ( ) 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
1680 (Chinese J Geophys ) 50 1 Fig 1 Annual globally mean sea surface temperature simulated by as a function of model year 2 (a) SST( : ) (b) ( :mm d - 1 ) Fig 2 (a) Climatological mean sea surface temperature (unit : ) and (b) precipitation (unit :mm d - 1 ) simulated by 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
6 :LASG 1681 ; SST, 5 N 10 N, ITCZ 2b, ITCZ,,, ( ITCZ), 10 S, ITCZ ITCZ FGCM20, ITCZ (Double ITCZ),,, NECC FGCM20, FGCM20 NCEP, [30 32 ] ( ), ITCZ FGCM20 SST ( 3a),, 300m ( 3), (NCEP), ITCZ NCEP 300m,, FGCM2 3 (a) FGCM20, (b) (c) NCEP 300 m Fig 3 The vertical mean temperature in the upper 300 m ocean by (a) FGCM20, (b) and(c) NCEP reanalysis data 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
1682 (Chinese J Geophys ) 50 0 NECC, 0105 m s - 1, NCEP NECC 012 m s - 1 ( ), 10 S, ENSO 4 ENSO, LASG FGCM20 NCEP, FGCM2, ENSO 110 ITCZ FGCM20, ( 3b), (, FGCM20, 3c), NECC 012 Nigo3 ( 4) m s - 1, 11875 Nigo3 018, 015,, 115, FGCM20 NECC Nigo3, FGCM20 [14,33 ] 5,, FGCM20, 3,, FGCM20,, FGCM20, 5, 20 Nigo 160 m, 120 m, ENSO ( ), [34,35 Richardson ],, ENSO,, Klevin,,, Rossby SST 5 8, ENSO ENSO ENSO Kelvin Rossby 4 Nigo3 Fig 4 Simulated Nigo3 index by 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
6 :LASG 1683 5 Nigo3 300 m - ( ) S 2 N ; ( ) 5 N 8 N (a) FGCM20 ; (b) Fig 5 Time2longitude section of lag correlation coefficients between the Nigo3 index and heat content in the upper 300 m averaged (left) S 2 N and (right) 5 N 8 N by (a) FGCM20 and (b) ( 5) FGCM20, Kelvin Rossby, ;, 0135 m s - 1 ;,FGCM20 Rossby,FGCM20,, Rossby 0105 m s - 1, 012 m s - 1, FGCM20 FGCM20 ENSO, Rossby 013 m s - 1 3 ENSO 0115 m s - 1, 5 Rossby, 6 El Nigo Rossby, [ 36 ], SST 160 E 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
1684 (Chinese J Geophys ) 50 6 El Nigo SST (a) ; (b) FGCM20 ; (c) Fig 6 Composite SST anomalies from (a) observation, (b) FGCM20, (c),, 20 S 20 N,,, ( 6b) FGCM20 20 FGCM20, CCM3 CAM2,,, 160 E, ENSO 10, ENSO 10 20 ( 6c),, 1979 1993 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
6 :LASG 1685 7 ( ), LICOM( ), L30T63( ) 1979 1993 S 2 N SST ( ) - ( ) Fig 7 Time2longitude section of SST (contour) and zonal wind stress anomalies (shaded) averaged between S 2 N from 1979 to 1993 from (left) observation, (middle) high2resolution model LICOM, (right) low2resolution model L30T63 [17 ] [18 ] L30T63 LICOM, L30T63, LICOM 5 El Nigo SST ( ) S 2 N SST LASG FGCM2 -, 0 LICOM L30T63 ;,,, 300 SST ( 7) FGCM20, ENSO 1/ 2 [4 ],,,,,, El Nigo, 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
1686 (Chinese J Geophys ) 50 ( EUC) (NECC), ITCZ, ENSO FGCM20 ENSO, El Nigo SST [ 9 ], LASG - - ( GOALSΠLASG),1997,8 ( ) : 15 28, Wu G X, Zhang X H, Liu H, et al Global ocean2atmosphere2land FGCM20,,, (Suppl ) : 15 28,, Luo [37 ],,, ENSO [33 ],, 866 870 IBM Zapheris ( References) [ 1 ] Zhang X H, Liang X Z A numerical world ocean general circulation model Adv Atmos Sci, 1989,6( 1) :43 61 [ 2 ] Zhang X H, Chen K M, Jin X Z, et al Simulation of thermohaline circulation with a twenty2layer oceanic general circulation model Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1996,55 (1-4) : 65 87 [ 3 ] Jin X Z, Zhang X H, Zhou T J Fundamental framework and experiments of the third generation of IAPΠLASG world ocean general circulation model Adv Atmos Sci, 1999,16 (2) : 197 215 [ 4 ] Community Climate Model J Climate, 2002, 15 : 3123 3149 [ ] :,2002 [17 ] Gibson J K, Kallberg P, Uppala S, et al ERA Description, Liu H L High resolution oceanic general circulation model and the simulation of the upper ocean circulation in the tropical Pacific [ Ph D thesis] (in Chinese) Beijing : Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,2002 [ 5 ],, LASG/ IAP Dept of Commerce, Washington D C,1994 :,2004 Liu H L, Yu Y Q, Zhang X H, et al Reference Manual of LASGΠ IAP Climate System Ocean Model (LICOM110 ) ( in Chinese ) Beijing : Science Press, 2004 [ 6 ] Liu H L, Zhang X H, Li W, et al An eddy2permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluations Adv Atmos Sci, 2004,21 : 675 690 [ 7 ] Zhang X H, Bao N, Yu R C, et al Coupling scheme experiments based on an atmospheric and an oceanic GCM Sci, 1992,16(2) : 129 144 Chinese J Atmos [ 8 ] Guo Yufu, Yu Yongqiang, Liu Xiying, et al Simulation of climate change induced by CO 2 increasing for East Asia with IAPΠLASG GOALS Model Adv Atmos Sci, 2001,18 : 53 66 system model of LASG ( GOALSΠLASG) and its performance in simulation study Quart J Appl Meteor (in Chinese),1997,8 [10 ] Zhang X H, Shi G Y, Liu H eds IAP Global Ocean2Atmosphere2 Land System Model Beijing, New York : Science Press, 2000 [11 ], A Izard, IAPΠLASG OGCM,2001,25 : 721 739 Yu YQ, Izard A, Guo Y F, et al A response of IAPΠLASGoceanic general circulation model to the observed wind stress Chinese J of Atmos Sci (in Chinese), 2001,25 : 721 739 [12 ],,1998,43(8) :866 870 Yu Y Q, Zhang X H A modified air2sea flux anomaly coupling scheme Chinese Science Bulletin ( in Chinese), 1998, 43 ( 8) : [13 ],, I, 2003,27 : 949 970 Zhang X H, Yu YQ, Yu R C, et al Assessments of an OGCM and the relevant CGCM Part I : Annual mean simulations in the tropical ocean Chinese J Atmos Sci (in Chinese), 2003,27 : 949 970 [14 ] Yu Y Q, Yu R C, Zhang X H, et al A flexible global coupled climate model Adv Atmos Sci, 2002,19 : 169 190 [15 ] Kiehl J T, Gent P R, Bonan G B, et al Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model ( CCM3 ) NCAR Tech Note NCARΠTN - 420 1 STR,1996 [16 ] Bonan G B, Oleson K W, Vertenstein M, et al The land surface climatology of the Community Land Model coupled to the NCAR ECMWF Reanalysis Project Report Series 1, European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast, Reading, UK,1997 [18 ] da Silva A M, Young C C, Levitus S Atlas of Surface Marine Data, Vol 1 : Algorithms and Procedures NOAA Atlas NECDIS 6, U S [19 ] Haney R L Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models J Phys Oceanogr, 1971,1 : 241 248 [20 ] Liu H L, Li W, Zhang X H Climatology and variability of the Indonesian throughflow in an eddy2permitting oceanic GCM Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2005, 22 : 496 508 [21 ] Griffies S M, Boning C, Bryan F O, et al Developments in ocean 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet
6 :LASG 1687 climate modeling Ocean Modelling, 2000,2 : 123 192 [22 ] Zheng W P, Yu Y Q ENSO phase2locking in an ocean2atmosphere coupled model 1 Advances in Atmos Press) Sci, 2007, ( in [23 ],, FGOALS - g [31 ],, -,2008, (in Press) Zhu Y M, Yu Y Q, Zhao S S, et al Simulation of interdecadal variability over the North Pacific with a coupled GCM FGOALS - g Chinese J Geophys (in Chinese), 2008, (in Press) [24 ] Yu Y Q, Zhang X H, Guo Y F Global coupled ocean2atmosphere general circulation models in LASGΠIAP Adv Atmos Sci, 2004, 21 : 444 455 [25 ] Bitz C M, Holland M M, Eby M, et al Simulating the ice2thickness distribution in a coupled climate model J Geophys Res,2001, 106 : 2441 2463 [26 ] Lipscomb W H Remapping the thickness distribution in sea ice models J Geophys Res, 2001,106 : 13989 14000 [27 ] Bitz C M, Lipscomb W H An energy2conserving thermodynamic model of sea ice J Geophys Res, 1999,104 : 15669 15677 [28 ] Hunke E C, Dukowicz J K An elastic2viscous2plastic model for sea ice dynamics J Phys Oceanogr, 1997,27 : 1849 1867 [29 ] Yu Y Q, Zhou Z Y, Zhang X H Impact of the closure of Indonesian seaway on climate : a numerical modeling study Chinese Sci Bull, 2004, 48 (Suppl II) : 88 93 [30 ],, I Climate,2005,18(13) : 2344 2360, 2003,27 : 607 617 Zhang X H, Yu Y Q, Liu H L The development and application of the oceanic circulation models, Part I the global oceanic general circulation models Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences ( in Chinese), 2003, 27 : 607 617,2003, 61 :39 51 Li J L, Zhang X H, Yu Y Q, et al Double ITCZ phenomenon and analysis of its heat budget in a coupled ocean2atmosphere general circulation model Acta Meteor Sinica ( in Chinese), 2003, 61 : 39 51 [32 ] Dai F S, Yu R C, Zhang X H, et al The impact of low2level cloud over the eastern subtropical Pacific on the Double ITCZ in LASG FGCM201 Adv Atmos Sci, 2003,20 : 461 474 [33 ] Yu Y Q, Liu X Y ENSO and Indian dipole mode in three coupled GCMs Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,23(4) :581 595 [34 ] Schopf P S, Suares M J Vacillations in a coupled ocean2atmosphere model J A S, 1988,45 : 549 566 [35 ] Battisti D S, Hisrt A C Interannual variability in a tropical atmosphere2ocean model : influence of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity J A S, 1989,46 : 1687 1712 [36 ] Pedlosky J Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Berlin Heidelberg New York :Springer,1987 [37 ] Luo J J, Masson S, Roeckner E, et al Reducing climatology bias in an ocean2atmosphere CGCM with improved coupling physics J ( ) 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House All rights reserved http://wwwcnkinet