2 3.2 environmental geology 3.3 ecologic environmental geology 3.4 environmental geologic problems 3.5 geologic hazards 3.6 basic environmental geolog

DD 200402 1 1.1 1.2 15000001100000 1250000 2 GB 1232990 GB/T 1415793 GB/T 1449893 GB 5000272001 GB/T 157721995 GB 500212001 GB 503242001 GB574985 GB/T 1484893 GB/T 156181995 DZ/001791 DZ/T 007893 DZ/T 01901997 150000 DZ/T 006193 110 120 ZB/D 1400289 110 120 SL 19096 TB 1005598 150 100 1992 150 1996 2000 1:250000 2001 3 3.1 geologic environment

2 3.2 environmental geology 3.3 ecologic environmental geology 3.4 environmental geologic problems 3.5 geologic hazards 3.6 basic environmental geologic conditions 3.7 regional environmental geologic survey 3.8 comprehensive environmental geologic survey 3.9 monographic environmental geologic survey 4 4.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.2

DD 200402 3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4, B 5.5 6 6.1 6.1.1 1 2 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 1 2

4 6.1.5 1 A A1 2 3 6.1.6 6.1.7 1 2 6.1.8 6.1.9 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.3 6.3.1 1 A A2 73 A A3 A A4 2

DD 200402 5 3 4 6.3.2 1 2 A A 5 A 6 3 4 6.3.3 1 A A 7 6.3.4 ( A A 8 ) A A 9 6.3.5 A A 10

6 6.3.6 A A 11 6.3.7 A A 12 6.3.8 A A13 6.3.9 A A14 6.3.10

DD 200402 7 A A 15 6.3.11 A A 16, 6.3.12 A A 17 6.3.13

8 6.3.14 A A 18 6.3.15 6.3.16 6.3.17

DD 200402 9 6.3.18 Cl - Br - 6.3.19 GB 574985 GB/T 1484893 GB383888 6.3.20 GB 156181995 6.3.21 6.3.22

10 6.3.23 6.4 6.4.1 300km A A 19

DD 200402 11 6.3.19 6.3.20 238 U 232 Th 226 Ra 40 K Rn RnRa U 40 K Rn Rn 6.4.2 6.4.3

12 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 A A20 A A 21 6.4.7 7 7.1 7.1.1 RSGPSGIS

DD 200402 13 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 TMETM SPOT 7.2.6 DZ/T 01901997 DZ/T 015195 7.2.7 ( ) 23

14 7.2.8 ( ) 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.3.6 7.3.7 7.3.8 D GPS 7.3.9 12 A A21A22 7.3.10 7.4 7.4.1

DD 200402 15 7.4.2 A24 NMR 7.4.3 7.5 7.5.1

16 7.5.2 35m 35m 35m 2030m 35m 35m 510m 1.52 25m 7.5.3 110mm 130mm 50m 1 DZ/T 001791 7.5.4 7.6 1 201100 DZ/T 007893 4 7.7 7.7.1 1 GB 500272001 2

DD 200402 17 7.7.2 72 1 ph GB/T 1484893 A25 2 GB 156181995 A25 A 35 020 cm 2040cm B 3 4 GB 500212001 GB/T 501231999 K 2 ONa 2 OMgOMnOFeOFe 2 O 3 TiO 2 AL 2 O 3 P 2 O 5 SiO 2 0.5m <1.0m >1.0m ClSO - 4 ClCl - SO 4 SO 4 0100cm

18 1020cm 5 6 A25 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.8 7.8.1 7.8.2 1 2 3 4 7.8.3 8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 GIS GIS GIS 8.3

DD 200402 19 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 A B C A26 B A C B B A C B 0.6 0.8 A C 0.10.2 B AC 5 B 20 5 8.3.4 8.3.4.1 A26 A24 8.3.4.2 B Ie=Pei/Aa Ie Pei Aa

20 Ie=PeiAi/Aa Pei Ai B 8.3.5 E A26 8.3.6 QA QB QC QA Q A = Q Ai W Ai Q Ai W Ai QB Q C QA Q = Q i W i Q i QA Q B Q C W i QA Q B Q C 8.3.7 8.3.7.1 8.3.7.2 8.3.8 GIS 8.4 8.4.1

DD 200402 21 8.4.2 1 2 3 ( ) 4 8.4.3 9 9.1 9.2 1 2 9.3 9.3.1

22 1 2 3 4 9.3.2 1 2 3 4 9.3.3 1 2 9.3.22 A26 9.3.22

DD 200402 23 A26 9.3.22 A26 3 4 9.4 E 10 10.1 10.2

24 A A1 v M mm/a V >1 M7 1V0.1 7> M6 V < 0.1 M < 6 10000a 100a 500a M5 100a M5 A2 T T2 0 2 T1 0 T1 0 A3 % W% Sm 1 W14 S2 3.5 14W19 S2 Wp+5W 3.5 6 Wp+2 S1.5 6 WWp+9 S1.5 15% 1020cm % h1 h Wp %

DD 200402 25 A4 A% cm 1 3 15 315 510 1530 1025 3075 25 75 A% W W p A=WWpKK 0.61 A5 δ s <0.015 δ s >0.015 δ zs >0.015 δ <0.015 zs δ s δ zs A6 cm zs7 7<zs35 zs>35 s 30 cm 30< s 60 >60 s 30cm< s <50cm7cm<zs<30cm s 50cm zs30cm A7 [t/(km 2 a)] mm/a <2005001000 0.150.370.74 20050010002500 0.150.370.741.9

40%2040%20%26 [t/(km 2 a)] mm/a 25005000 1.93.7 50008000 3.75.9 800015000 5.911.1 >15000 >11.1 1.35g/cm 3 A8 10% 1m 1030% 1m 3050% 50% 10 10% 40m A9 30%

DD 200402 27 A10 70% 50% 70% + + 30% 50% + + 10% 30% + A11 Cl- HCO - 3 SO - 4 HCO - 3 Cl - SO - HCO - 3 Cl - HCO - - 4 Cl - Cl - - SO 4 3 SO 4 SO 4-060cm % 0100cm % 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.10.2 0.150.25 0.150.3 0.150.3 0.20.3 0.250.4 0.30.6 0.20.3 0.250.4 0.30.5 0.30.5 0.30.6 0.40.7 0.61.0 0.30.5 0.40.6 0.50.7 0.50.7 0.6 1.0 0.71.2 1.02.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.2 2.0 A12 A13

28 A14 A15 10m 1030m 30m

DD 200402 29 A16 40%60% 80% 10%40% A17

30 A18 A19 M M<4 4M<5 5M<6 6M<7 1/2 M7 1/2 5 6 7 810 10 <0.05g 0.05g0.1g 0.10.2g 0.20.6g >0.6g a max <2 24 48 8 32 >32 V max cm/s M>5>50 a 501.1 a 110001000a 1000100a <100a mm/a <0.01 0.010.1 0.11 110 >10 mm/a x /y x y <0.1 0.10.5 0.52 >2 <1 12 23 >3

DD 200402 31 A20 A21 3 10 100 310 10100 100300 1030 1001000 3001000 30 1000 1000 A22 (10 4 m 3 ) 100 10100 110 1 (10 4 m 3 ) 1000 1001000 10100 10 (10 4 m 3 ) 50 505 51 1 (km 2 ) 200 20020 202 2 (km2 ) 20 2010 101 1 (km 2 ) 10 105 51 1 (km 2 ) 1000 1001000 50100 50 (m) 2.0 2.01.0 1.00.5 0.5 (km 2 ) 500 500100 10010 10 1:25,

32 A23 A2312345678 A231 Ic 200m 200500m 5001000m 1000m Ic 100km 2 m A232 mm 8001000 10001200 12001400 1400 800600 600400 400 1400mm 400mm A233 6 610 1014 1418 1822 2226 26 () 10 50 50100 100170 170220 220240 240285 285360 10 1 A234 /km 2 10 10100 1001000 1000 A235 0.02 0.020.5 0.52.0 2.0 10 km 2 km 3 A236 1 15 510 10 100km 2 1 t 110 t10100 t 100 t 248

DD 200402 33 A237 2 24 48 8 1000km 2 1000 m 3 1000 m 3 1 m 3 1 m 3 10 m 3 10 m 3 248 A238 0.02 0.020.5 0.52.0 2.0 10km 2 A24 CT CT

34 A25 137 Cs ph 238 U 232 Th 226 Ra 40 K Rn RnRaU 40 K A26 1. 2. 3. A 4. 5.

DD 200402 35 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. B 20. 1. 2. 3. 4. C 5.

36 B

DD 200402 37 C C1 C2 1 2 3 4 C3 1 2 3 4 C4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

38 D D1 X Y GPS N S m

DD 200402 39 D1

40 D2 X Y m GPS N E

DD 200402 41 D3 X Y m GPS N E

42 D4 X Y GPS N E m km 2 km 2 % km 2 10 4 t 10 4 t /km 2 a

DD 200402 43 D5 X Y GPS N E m/s

44 D6 X Y GPS N E m m km 2

DD 200402 45 D7 X Y GPS N E

46 D8 X Y m GPS N E m ha

DD 200402 47 D9 X Y GPS N E m m m m m m m 2 m 3

48 D9

DD 200402 49 D10 X Y GPS N E m m m m m 2 m 3 m m

50 D10

DD 200402 51 D11 X Y GPS N E m m 3 m 3

52 D11

DD 200402 53 D12 X Y GPS N E m 2 m 2 m m m m

54 D12

DD 200402 55 D13 X Y GPS N E km 2 m m km 2 m m m cm

56 D13

DD 200402 57 D14 X Y m GPS N E m km 2 mm mm mm mm mm/a m 3 /a m 3 /a m 2 m m m

58 D14

DD 200402 59 D15 X Y GPS N E km 2 m m m m

60 D15

DD 200402 61 D16 X Y GPS N E mm m m

62 D17 X Y GPS N E

DD 200402 63 D18 X Y GPS N E m CI mg/l m m m 3 /d m 3 /d m 3 /d

64 D18

DD 200402 65 D19 X Y m GPS N E m m

66 D20 X Y GPS N E

DD 200402 67 D21 X Y GPS N E

68 D22 X Y GPS / N E / m

DD 200402 69 D23 X Y GPS N E m 2

70 D24 X Y GPS N E m

DD 200402 71 D25 X Y GPS N E m % % % t m 2 t

72 D25

DD 200402 73 D26 X Y GPS N E m

74 D27 X Y: GPS N E m m m 3 m m 3 m km km 2 km m m

DD 200402 75 D28 X Y GPS N E km 2 ha mm

76 D29 X Y GPS N E * *

DD 200402 77 D30 X Y GPS N E 1 2

78 E E1 T.L.Saaty 70 AHP E1.1 E11 E1 u1 u2 un u1 u2 un E1.2 U = { u1, u2, Λ, u m } A V = { v1, v2, Λ v n } u ij u i u j u ij A26 E2 1 u i u j 3 u i u j u i u j 5 u i u j u i u j 7 u i u j u i u j 9 u i u j u i u j 2468 2468 13355779 u i u j u ij u j u i u ji =1/u ij

DD 200402 79 E12 T u11 u21 T = Μ um1 u u u 12 22 Μ m2 Λ Λ Μ Λ E1.3 T E1.3.1 u1m u2m Μ umm 1 Wi, Wi = uij i.j=1,2,m 2 W i n W i = m W i m j= 1 3 W = W, W, Λ, W ) ( 1 2 m m a i = W i /( W j ) j= 1 A= 1,2, m T 4 λ max TA i TA i λ max 1 = m m i= 1 ( TA) a i i ( TA) ( TA) TA = Μ ( TA) 1 2 m u11 = u21 Μ um1 u u u 12 22 Μ m2 Λ Λ Μ Κ u1m a1 u2m a2 Μ Μ umm am E1.3.2 1 uij u ij= m ukj k = 1 ( i, j = 1,2, Λ m) 2 m W i = u j= 1 ij ( i, j = 1,2, Λ m) T 3 W = W, W,, ) ( 1 2 Λ W m

80 a i = m W j= 1 i W j i = 1,2, Λ m A = a, a,, ) T ( 1 2 Λ a m 4 λ max λ max 1 = m m i= 1 ( TA) a ( TA) i TA i E1.4 i i CR = CI / RI CR CI 1 CI = ( max m) m 1 λ λmax m RI RI RI E13 12 λmax m CR = m 1 CR0.1 E3 M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 RI 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.51 E2 E2.1 E2.2 E2.3 E2.4

DD 200402 81 F F1 F2 F3