1,, 90%,,,,, (, ),,, 1. 2. 3. 1., 90%, 40%,
2 ( ) 2.5% ph, (3) : 2. (3 ) 99%, (40 5 ), ph( 1% ) 6.0 7.5, : 3.,,, 1 088 ;,,,1% ph 12.5, 72.2 ph : 4.,,, 300,,, : 5.,,, ph 6.5 8.5,,
( ) 3, : 6.,,,,, : 7. 5 12g, 20 14g, 40 18.5g 80%, 8, 5%, : 8. ( ) 1-1 ( ),,
4 ( ) L,, 1-1 ( ) 1 2 1 2 9 9 9 9 (3 ) 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 3 3 80 80 89 86 ( % ) 99 97 60 70 300 95 93 0.6 40 ( % ), 95%,, 100, 100% ; 300, 95% 1 2 300
( ) 5, 40% 60%,,,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40, 1.
6 ( ) 2., 3., 4. 5., 1. 1 650,,,,, : 2., SiO2 Na2O (, ) 3, 3,,, ;,,,,, 3 ;, 2
( ) 7 : 3., ( ),, :, 4., 99%, 1% ph6.0 7.5 : 5. < 30, (1mg/ g) < 10,,,,, : 6., 42% 47% 53% ;, 65% 65%,
8 ( ) : 7. A 4A, 4A,, 0.42nm 600m 2 / g,,,, CaCO3 325mg/ g,, 4 m,,, : 8. 2.532, 851,,,,,,,, : 9.,,, 2.671, 884.7,,
( ) 9,,, : 10. 200 20 000 200 600, 600,,,, 6 000 : 11.,,,, ph,, :
10 ( ) 12. ph 4, ph 2.5,,,,, 8 000 : 13.KL- 2709,, ; ph 9 12, 40 50, : 14. 31 # 31 #,, : 15. ( ) 1. 48.5 (,
( ) 11 ) 51.5,,, 100 100, 2 000,, 2. 3 100,, 150,, 3. 800,, 100,, 10min, 100, 10min,, 100 100h,, 4. : NaO2 SiO2 Al2O3 = 19.59 47.39 33.03 ( ) :115mg/ g :250mL/ 100g 5% ph :11.2 ( ) 1. () 20 ( = 8, 15 ) 3 2 A( 4 m) 40 8
12 ( ) (290 m) 10 (2 ) 5 4.7 ( 6 000) 2 2 ( 8 000) 2 KL - 0.5 31 # 0.5 0.3 2., AV2 5 2,,,,,,, 402 m KL - A15,, 0.75g/ ml,,,,, 30 80% 7,, 5mm 5mm 100%,
( ) 13 1. 6 8 ( 20g),,, 20 30min,,, ( ), 2 ( 40g ),, 2.,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,
14 ( ),,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, 1., 2. 3.,,, ( ),,,,
( ) 15,,, 5% 10% (, ) 1., 60% 70%,,,,,,,, 200, : 2., 350 180 200,,,, : ( ), 0.5% 50% : 1. - 40,, 1.05 1.10,
16 ( ) 1.470, (mg/ g) 2, (mg/ g)40 55, 3%, HLB 15.6, : 2. - 80,,,, 1.05 1.10, (mg/ g) 2, (mg/ g)45 55, HLB15.0, 3%, : ( ),,, 5% 20% 1., 1.635,,,, 300,, : 2., 1.572,
( ) 17 185, 235 ( ),, : ( ), ph 1.,,,,, 65,, : 2. 2:,, ph 3., 1.62, 73.4,, 100,, 2.537, 1 340,,, ph, :
18 ( ) 4. 1:, ( ), ( ) 3-1 3-1 ( ) 1 2 3 1 2 15.5 15.5 60 16 20.0 10.0 10 50 44.5 14.5 50 40 10 20.0 10.0 10 50.0 34 10 10 ( % ) 98 95 97 87 22 ( % ) > 99 > 99 > 99 70 95 ( )
( ) 19,,,, ( ) 1g 3.5 500mL,,,, 5, 0.02%,, 3, 1,,,, 100r/ min 3min,,, ;, : ( % ) = ( ) - 100, 100g1, 4, 1,,, 10, 3min, 1L 30s, ( ) 1,, g, :
20 ( ) ( % ) = ( ) 1g - 1g 100 1g 3-1 ( % ), 5 ; ( % ), 5 20, 3-1,, 95% 98%, 99% ( ) 1., 500,,, 3min,, 2.,, 500,,,,, ( ),,, 95% 98%, 99%,,,
( ) 21 4,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1., 2. 3.,,
22 ( ), 4.,,,,,, ( ),,,, 1% 30% ( %, ), 3: ( ), 0.5% 50% 1. ( ), AS,,,, 58% 60% ;, 30%,,
( ) 23 : 2. BS - 12, (30 2) %,,,, : ( ),,, 3: ( ), ph 1. 3: 2. 2:,
24 ( ) 3. 3:, 4. 1:, 5.,, 80%,, : 6., EDTA,, 2% ph 4.7,, : ( ),,,, ( )
( ) 25 4-1 ( ),, 4-1 1 2 3 1 2 15.5 15.5 16 15.5 ( ) 74.5 10 10.0 50 10.0 14.5 10 50 10.0 10.0 10 50.0 24 74.5 10 10 5 5 ( ) 100 150,, 3min,,,
26 ( ), 100 150,,,,, 3min, ( ),, 150,, 3min,,,, 4-2 4-2 ( : % ) 1 2 3 1 2 ( ) > 99 > 99 > 99 68 94 ( ) 94 94 98 74 32 4-2,,,,, 5,
( ) 27,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 2., 3. 4.,,,
28 ( ) ( ) 1.,, 0.805, - 86, 79.6, 1.7, : 2.,,, 0.9003, 77.06, 83.578,,,, 2.2% 11.2% ( ) : 3.,, 0.789, 117.3, 78, 14,,, 3.5% 18.0%
( ) 29,, : 4. 2 -,,, 0.785 0.787, - 89.5, 82.3, 3.8% 10.2% ( ),,, : ( ),,,,,, 1.,,,,
30 ( ) :, 2.,, 0.851 0.856, 1 2, 2, : 3. ph, : 4. ( 10) ( 10),, : ( ),
( ) 31 1. VC-VA,,, : 2., EC, 1.14,, 135 155, 165 185, 0.37,,, 47% 48% : ( ), 1. 5-1 2., 1 2,, ;,,,,
32 ( ) 5-1 ( ) 1 2 55 20 90 % 70 90 % 9 2 7 8 5 (10 ) 6 10 8,,, 1 2,,,,,,,, 5-2
( ) 33 5-2 1 2 :,, ;, ;,, 1.,, 1cm 2 0.5mL,,,,,, 2.,,
34 ( ) 6,,,,,, ;,,, -, 1.,,,,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,
( ) 35 5.,, 1. (50 2 ) %, 0.5 1.5Pa s, 0.5 2 m : 2., 150 170 38% 40%, 0.5% 1.0%, ph 6 7 : 3. 2.044, 360.4, 1 320 1 324,,,,,, :
36 ( ) 4. 2.13, 318.4, 1 390,,, : 5.,, 0.9297, 135.1, : ( ) 6., 0.9536, 230 : 7. 4:,, 8. ( 10) OP - 10
( ) 37, : 9. 2: 10. 1. 6-1 6-1 ( ) 1 2 50 % 80 40 % 82 3 3 3 3 ( 10) 2 2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 11 9 2. 1 2,,,,,
38 ( ) 1 2 1.,,,, 5 10h,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 7,,,,
( ) 39 1. 2., 3., 4.,, ( ),,,, 1.,,,, 1.443, 158 161, 211,76, : 2.
40 ( ),,,,,,, : ( ),, 1., 1.2659, 122, 121.1, 249.2,100, : 2. 3 3.,,,,,,, 2.216, 205 ( ),
( ) 41 : ( ),,,,,, 1.028, 88.5,,, : 1. 7-1 7-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 15 10 5 85 85 70 70 10 10 15 20 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2., 1 2 3 4,,,,
42 ( ) 7t/ cm 2, 25g, 37mm, 20mm 1 2 3 4 1. 1 2,,,, 3, 7-2 7-2 ( ) 0 1 2 3 1 2 ( ) 7-2,, 2. 3,,,, 6.1 10 2 CFU/ ml, < 30CFU/ ml, 3. 1g,,,, 1, 30min,
( ) 43, 1g,, 0.1% 30min,, 0.437g, 0.1%, 0.03g,,,,,, 1, 3,,,,,,, 3, 8,,,,,
44 ( ),, 1., 2., 3.,,,,, ( ),,,,,, ;,, ;,,, ph 4,,,,,
( ) 45,, 150 300 m 15% 45% ( %, ) : ( ),, 2,, 1 20% 80%, 1. 2: 2. 1.984, 770,,, : 3. 3: ( )
46 ( ),,, 0.03% 1.5% 1. -2,, 208, 179, 43.8, 466.1, 93, 0.990 0.995,,, dl- : 2. 12,,, 0.904, 35 36, 216 41 44, 32.5,, l- : ( ),,, 0.05% 0.2%
( ) 47 1.,, 1.1738, - 8.6, 223.3,,, : 2.,, l-d- dl- l- 1.595, 100, 100,,,, l- : ( ), 1% 8% 1.757,,,,, 200, :
48 ( ) ( ),,, 0.5% 2.0% 1. D-,,,, : 2.,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 8-1 2., 1 2,,,, 30 45 10L, 10g
( ) 49,,,,, 5 30min, 8-1 ( ) 1 2 150 300 m 30.00 30.00 46.065 15.525 15.00 10.00 20.00 6.00 6.00 l- 15.96 dl- 0.50 0.50 l- 1.00 1.00 0.10 1.00 1.00 0.02 0.30 0.015 0.015,,,,,,,,,,,
50 ( ),,, 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 2.,, 3., 4.,
( ) 51,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 4 7, 5h,,,,
52 ( ),,,,,,, 25 30g, 150 200L,, 10 15min,,, ;,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,
( ) 53, ; ;, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 2., 3.,, 4.,
54 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) 1.,, 70%,,,,, : 2.,,,, 100 140g/ L,,,, :
( ) 55 ( ), 500 1 000m 2 / g, 1.9 2.1, 0.08 0.45, 10% 98%,,,, : ( ) 1. 5.12 5.24, 1 560,,,,,,, : 2., 1 1, 3.247, 1 545 ( ) ;1 3
56 ( ), 3.156, 1 920 : ( ),,,,, : 1. 10-1 2. 1 5,, ( 100mL/ 20s ), 6,,, ;,, ;,,,,
( ) 57 10-1 ( : g) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0. 6 0.7 * ( 10-6 ) 120 70 150 150 150 150 * 1L, 10h, ( ),, ;,,,,,,,
58 ( ) ( ) 1., 5, 7.2g, 10, 0.05mm ( 1.5L), 15, 4,, 1 10-4,,,, 20 2. 6, 4.8g, 5, 0.05mm ( 1L), 25 10, 1 10-4,,,, 30 3. 4 3.2g, 500g, 0.05mm ( 1L), 18 20 3, 1 10-4 4. 3 3.2g,, 0.05mm ( 1L), 20 25 2,,, 1 10-4
( ) 59,,,,,,,,, 11,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2.,,,
60 ( ) 3.,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,, : 2. 3. 5: 4. ( ),, 0.910 0.935, 1.495 1.505,,,
( ) 61,, : 5., 3-5 - - 2 -, ( ) 0.979, 48 51, 233,,, 980mg/ kg : 6.,,,, 7.,, 1.9 2.35, 0.15 0.45,, 1.5 4.0, ( ),,,,, :
62 ( ) 8. - 200 ( ),,, : 9.,,,,,, : ( ) 1kg,, 1L,,,, 2h,,,, 6mL, 0.6%, 40% ( ),,, 1. :
( ) 63 175mL, 100mL, 10cm 10cm,,,,, : 100mL, 100mL,, 100mg 2. : ( 10 )100mL,, 52.5mL,,,, 5 10mL,, : 3mL 52.5mL, 3. : 250mL - 100mg 200mL,, 3h,, 10mg 100mL,,, 12.5mg/ m 2,, : 100mL,, 5mg/ m 2 4. : 25mL, 40mL,,, 40mL,,,,,
64 ( ) : 10mL, 40mL,,, 50mL,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, 200 1 000g 2.,, 10mL 10 20mL 5 600 3 000g,,, 3., 5g/ m 2, 40 200kg, 4., 100mL 10 40kg,, ( ),,,22 25 7,,
( ) 65 12,, ;,, ;,,, 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ),
66 ( ), 1., 2.70 2.95,, 825, ;,,,,,, ph, 10 11 ( ) : 2.,, 1.8 2.2, 350,,, : ( ),
( ) 67, 1. ( ), 0.849, 63 64, 271.5,, : 2. 3: ( ),,, 1. ( ), 0.9408, 70 71, 383,,,,,,,, : 2.,,,
68 ( ), 0.922,,, 97 115 : ( ),,,,,,, 1.587, 160 186, : ( ) 1. 2. ( ) 1.,,, 1 m 3 000 m 2.,, 2 1 1 3,,,, 3., ( ) 0.5% 40% ;
( ) 69, 0.5% 40%, 4. 5% 35%, ( ) 12-1 12-1 ( ) 1 2 3 1 2 1.5 3 m 17.8 + 17.8 12.7 + 12.7 36.5 37.6 1.5 2.5 m 36.3 5.0 61.7 44.0 63.2 63.5 62.0 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 25.0 ( ) 1:, 12.7, 2.7, 120, 2 000r/ min 15min,, 17.8 61.7,, 2: 12.7 0.6,, 120, 2 000r/ min 20min; 12.7 5.0, 100,, 2 000r/ min 10min,
70 ( ), 44 25,, 2 3:,, 1 2:, 1 2,,,, 200g 400g 500g, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, kg 100 150g 1,, 1, 10, ( ) 1. 3kg 1 300g,,, 25, 1 2,
( ) 71, 7,,,,, 95% ; 1, 2 2. 2 500g, 4.5kg, 30 m 1mm, 25, 7, 95%,,, 2,, 3. 4kg 3 400g,,,,,, 70%,,,,, 1 3,, 0 1,,,
72 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, E, 1., 2.,, 3., 4., ( ), 1.,
( ) 73,,,,,,,,, : 2.,, 4 8,,,,, : ( ) 1. E,,, 0.950,,,,,,, 1 - E : 2., 1.305, 150 200 ( )
74 ( ),,,, : ( ) 11: E, ( ) 1. 5:, E 2. 1. 1kg,, 5, 80, 40min,,, 4.5, 80, 40min,,,, 0.1% 2. 1. 13-1
( ) 75 13-1 ( ) 1 2 0.1 % 30 0.1 % 40 E 3 2 2 1-3 3 75 % 5 4 50 + 7 44 + 6 2. 1 E, ;,, 70, -,,,, E ;,,,,, 2, E, ;, 70, -,, E ;, ;,,, 1., 70% 90%, 1 5 ;,
76 ( ),,,,,,,,,, 2., 1,,, 1 5 70% 90% ; 2,, ;,,,, 13-2 13-3 13-2 13-3,,,, 24 50, : 13-2 ( 1) ( ) ( ) 31 60 7 10 ( ) 45 72 15 18
( ) 77 13-3 ( 2) ( ) ( ) 43 61 12 15 ( ) 45 72 10 18, 1,,,,, 10, 11 ;,,, 7,,,,, 14,, 2 3,, ;,, ;,,
78 ( ) 0 1, 65% 75% 1.,, 2.,, 3., 2, 1., 0 1, 65% 75% 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,, ;,,,,
( ) 79 4., ( ) 1. 0 1 0,, ; 1, 2. 65% 75% 65%, ; 75%, ( ) 1.,,,, 2., 0 1 3. 65% 75%,, 4.,, ( ) 1. 1998 9 10, 10cm 2. 5cm
80 ( ) 3. 1998 9 11 1999 4 10 4. 5kg 1, 900mm 800mm 0.04mm,, 0 1 65% 75% ; 14-1 14-1 ( ) ( % ) 0 0.5 65 75 1 0 1.5 80 90 2 0 1.5 90 3 0 5.0 90 95 15 20 20 30 ( ) 14-2 14-2 7 ( kg) ( kg) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) 5 4.85 3.0 1 0.4 5 4.875 2.5 0 0 1 5 4.19 16.2 6 20.1 2 5 4.15 17.0 4 23.2 3 5 4.08 20.4 5 25.6 5 3.78 28.4 18 70.4
( ) 81 14-2, 7, 2.5% 3.0% ;, 28.4% ;, 16.2% 20.4%,, 7 18 ;,, ;,,,, 7,, 0.4%, 0, 20%, 70.4%,, 15,,,, ( ) 12, 25 40,,, 1%,,,,,,
82 ( ), ;,, B1, 1., 1% 2.,, 3., 4.,, ( ),, / 145, 120,,,
( ) 83 1.,,,, ;,, : ( ) 2.,,, ;,, : ( ) 3.,,, : ( ) ( ) 1.,, 1.40 1.45 (15 ) 75%, 17% 18%,,, : 2. B1
84 ( ),, 245 250,,, : ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. 10% 50% ( %, ), ;,,,, 2. 50% 90%, 50%,,, 3.,, ( ) 15-1 15-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4 20 18 23 17 2 3 B 1 2 ( ) 80 80 75 80
( ) 85 ( ) 1, 40 50,,,,,, 2 3 4, B1,, 40 50,,,,,, 2 3 4 ( ),, 2 10-3 3 10-3,,,,,,,, 40,,, ( ) 1. 1 2, 2 10-3, 3 4, 3 10-3, 20,, 10L,
86 ( ), 15-2 15-2 ( ) 1 2 10-3 11.93 0.79 15.1 2 2 10-3 12.18 0.81 15.0 3 3 10-3 11.48 0.80 14.7 4 3 10-3 11.63 0.79 14.7 ( ) 10.50 0.90 10.6,,, 2.1 4.5, 2. ( ) 1 2, 2 10-3 3 10-3, 15,, 10L, 2, 2, 15-3 15-3 ( ) 1 2 10-3 17.22 0.54 31.9 2 3 10-3 16.87 0.58 29.1 ( ) 15.35 15.35 23.3,,,,
( ) 87,, 16,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,,,
88 ( ) 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,, ;,,, 4.,,,,,,,,, 5.,,,,, 6.,, ;, ;,, ;,,,, 7.,,,
( ) 89,, 1.,,, 1.60, 103 105 ( ),, : 2., ( ), ;,,, 70% 1.544, 146 ( ),,,, 1, 83,, : ( ) ( ) ( )
90 ( ) 3., 1 40% 1.540, 102 103,,,, : 5., : 6. 16-1 16-1 ( ) 1 2 41.3 31.5 29.2 37.5 4.5 6.0 300, 0.1 0.01,,,,,
( ) 91 1., 500 1 000,,,,,, 2 10L,,,, 3 4,, 2. 1 2, 1 000,, 1,, 6,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,
92 ( ) 17,,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,,, 4.,, 5.,,,,,,
( ) 93,,, 800 1 000m 2 / g, 2.2 2.4, 3.5 5.5,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,, :,, 3mm,,, 17-1 17-1 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O H 2 O ph % 66.0 12.9 1.8 0.6 2.3 2.6 1.6 11.6 8 9
94 ( ) : 1. ( 15cm), 4 15, 5 15, 30 100m 2 4kg ;,, 100m 2 20kg,, 2. 17-2 17-3 17-4 17-2 (cm) ( / ) 6 29 7 15 6 29 7 15 ( cm) ( cm) ( / ) 51.3 57.4 30.4 32.3 8 6 9 14 80.3 16.9 21.3 50.2 59.4 32.5 34.5 8 5 9 13 82.5 17.0 19.5 17-3 (kg/ 1 000m 2 ) ( kg/ 1 000m 2 ) ( % ) (kg/ 1 000m 2 ) g 1 150 592 80.2 475 21.2 1 020 610 79.5 485 21.1
( ) 95 17-4 ( % ) 2 3.5 17-2 17-3 17-4,,,, : 1. ( 20cm), 5 2, 40, 100m 2 4kg; 20,, 100m 2 10kg,, 2. 17-5 17-6 17-7 17-5 ( 6 29 ) ( 6 29 ) ( cm) ( / ) (cm ) ( cm) ( / ) 62.2 28.4 8 1 9 14 86.0 17.7 25.5 58.2 32.2 8 1 9 14 79.9 16.9 20.8
96 ( ) 17-6 ( 1 000m 2 ) kg ( % ) ( 1 000m 2 ) kg g 465 80.6 519 21.3 522 81.6 520 20.8 17-7 ( : cm) 1 2 3 4 5 37.8 21.5 13.5 7.7 0 80.5 33.8 19.4 14.9 8.2 1.0 77.3 17-5 17-6 17-7,,,,,,, 10 50, 30 40, ; 30 60,,,,,,, 100m 2 3 5kg,,,,,,,,
( ) 97 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 150, 86.1% 97.2% 2.,,
98 ( ), 3.,, 4.,,,, 1. 1.4067(25 ), 150.2, - 0.41,,,,,,,,, : 2., 230 ( ),
( ) 99,,, : 3.N - -N, N, N - (2 - ) 195,,, : 4., 1.984, 776, 1 500,,,, 50% 60%, ( ) : 5., 2.564 (17 ), 1 340, : 6., 1.335 (20/ 4 ), 132.7, 14.5RJ/ mol,,
100 ( ), : 7.,,, 1.435(15 ), 185, 107,, 140 160, 300 : 8.,,, 2.38, 110 : 9.,, 2.91, 283, 732,
( ) 101 : 10., 2.38 2.95,, 170, : 11., 2.01, 58, 98,, 106 200,, : 12., 45% 50%,,,,
102 ( ) : 13., 1.82 1.896, 39.7 42.7, 132, 560 2.36, 561, : 14. 5:, N - -N, N, N- 15. ( ) 1., 0.1% 5%, 0.1%,, ; 5%, 2. N - -N, N,N -, 0.2% 5%, 0.2% ; 5%, 3.,,,
( ) 103, ( ) 18-1 18-1 ( ) 1 2 3 35 % 40 40 33 % 35 5 20 N - -N, N,N - 5 23 23 18 79 79 62 89 89 14 1.9 1.8 1.9 59 204 90.5 (90 % ) 10 764 754 497.5 ( ) 1: 10,, 80,
104 ( ),,,,,, 1 000 2:, N - -N, N, N -,,,, 1 000 3:, 40,, 80,,,,,, 1 000 1. N - -N, N, N - 1 2, 1 2; 24 41 35% 20, 8-1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3,,, 150,, : ( % ) = 150 100, 2. 18-2
( ) 105 18-2 No. ( % ) 1 94.7 2 N - -N,N,N - 86.1 1 21.3 2 16.1 3 8-9.6 18-2,,, 1., 5 25 100g, 14 ( 6 8 ), 1, 80, 1L, 25 ( 6 19 ),, 18-3 18-3 * ( cm) ( B ) ( mg) ( mg) 1 28.8 3.1 34.0(123) 9.41( 149) 29.20 3.0 27.6(100) 6.30( 100) *, 50,,,
106 ( ), 18-3 18-3, 1,,,,, 2. 20cm 5, 5kg, 3 6 3 3 11 3 25, 2, 100 30mL 4 5, 18-4,,, 18-4 18-4 * ( cm) (g) ( g) 2 48.0 29.7(108) 1.42 (216 ) 42.9 27.6(100) 0.66 (100 ) * 5 3 15 18-4,,,,, 3.,
( ) 107, 3, 400, 100m 2 20L,,,,,,, 18-5 18-5 ( ) 1 2 3 ( ) 4 11 4 18 4 25 5 7 5 31 6 6 6 13 7 3 7 21 8 2 8 9 8 17,, 500cm 2, 18-6 18-6 ( ) ( g) ( % ) 3 91.9 25.4 115 76.7 22.0 100 3 91.7 28.7 119 89.7 24.1 100 3 71.9 24.5 107 67.1 22.8 100
108 ( ) 18-6, ( ), 500cm 2,, 1.,,,,,, ;,,,,, 80 400,, 100m 2 10 30L ;, 100m 2 20 50L 2.,,,, ( ) 23%, ( ) 50% ;, ( ) 21.5% ;, 1 15%, 2 19%, 3 7% 19,,
( ) 109,, 70 80,,, 1., 2., 3., 4.,,,, 5.,, 1.,,
110 ( ) 2.,,,,, 3. 17,,,,,,, 20% 70% ;, 50me/ 100g, 120me/ 100g ;,, 3mm : 16t,,, 30r/ min, 70 80,,, 80,,, 70 80 3 5,,,, 120 150me/ 100g60% 70% 3mm
( ) 111 1t,,, : ph(25 ) 8.8 2.59% ( P2 O5 ) 3.74% (K2O) 2.24% 18.7% 1., ( = 1 1 1), : 30kg/ 1 000m 2, 120kg/ 1 000m 2, 100%, 108%, 155% 2.,,,,,,, ;,, 3. ( = 1 1 1),,, 100%, 118%, 153%
112 ( ),,, 20,,,,,,,, ;,, ph ;,, ph,, 1.,
( ) 113 2., 3., ph 4.,,,,, ;, 1., ( ),,,,,, ;, 2.964, 1 450 128, 1 1, 2 ; 163,,,, : 2.
114 ( ) 1., 2. 1 000mL 0.1 3g,,, ; 1 000mL 3 5g,,,,,,,, 5 12g/ m 2,,, ;,,, 100m 2 5 10L, : 1. 3 000m 2, 1 000m 2, A B C A 100m 2 1kg, 1996 12,, 1997 3, 100m 2 1kg, ; B 1996 12 100m 2 1kg ; C,,, A, 4 20 ;
( ) 115 B A, 5 5 ; C 5 3,, A B, ; C, 2. 2 000m 2, 1 000m 2, A B A,, 3g/ L, 100m 2 10L, ;,,,, B,,,, A 10%,, ; B,, 3. 3%, 1/ 10,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,
116 ( ) 21, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1), (2),,, (3),, (4),
( ) 117 (5), 1. 1,4 -, 1.533(20/ 4 ), 53, 174,,, : ( ) 2. 1.162 (20/ 4 ), 80.2, 217.9,,,,,, : 3., 140, 160, 220,
118 ( ),,, : 4. 11:, 5.,, ;,,, : 6. 1. 21-1 21-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 700, 15 15 20 20 20 20 80 % 50 25 25 50 25 25 100 100 150 150 150 150 2.,
( ) 119,,, 90,, 1 2,,, 4 5 6, 1 6,,, 40, 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.,, 20g 50g,, 20 60m 2,,,,,, ;,,,,, 22,
120 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2., 3.,,, 4.,, 1.
( ) 121,, : 2.,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 3. 1.429, - 218.4, - 183,,,, : 4. (1) 60 100 m : :
122 ( ) (2) 10 50mm 10mm, ; 50mm,, : 5. ( ) 1., 5 25h - 3 10,,, 1h - 3, ;, 25h,, 2. : 4 6, - 1, 8 10, 0 3, 3 5, - 1 1,, ;,, 3., 1% 90% 1%,, 1%,, ;
( ) 123 90%, 4., ( ),,, 5 25h, - 3 10,, 1% 90%,,,,, 10 50mm,, 0-1,,,,,,,, : 1. 15, 5h 4,, 90%,,, 40mm,,, 2 7,,,,,,,,, 8 10h, ;, 1,
124 ( ) 2. 10, 25h, 3,,, 3, 60%,,, 30mm, 0 30h,,,,,,,,,,, 5 6h, ;,,,,,, 5 6h ;,,,,,, 10 12h 3. 10, 24h 2,,, 2 30%,,, 20mm, 0 50h,,,,,,,,,,3 4h,,,, 6 8h,
( ) 125 4. 50mm 40%,,, 10h, 1, - 1, 10,,,,,,,, 12 15h,,,1 5. 50mm 50%, 5h, 15-2,, - 1 20,,,,,,,1, 3, ( ),,,,,, 20 10 7,, 50h 30h,,,,
126 ( ) 23,,,,,, ;,,,,, - 30, 1. 24h, - 30,, 2. 3.,, 4.,, 5.,
( ) 127 ( ) ( ), - 30 : 1. 1.14( - 183 7 438Pa), - 227 ( ),,,, : 2. 0. 808 ( - 195.8 ), - 209.8, - 195.8, : ( )
128 ( ),,,,, - 30 ( ), ( ) ( ) 1., 24h,, 2. - 30-30, 3.,,, 4., ( ),
( ) 129 (24h),,,, - 30,,,,, ( ) 1., 3, 2.,,,, 3.,, 24,,,,,,,,,,,,,
130 ( ),,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,, 3.,, 4.,,, ( ) 1. 20,
( ) 131 : 2.,,,,, : 3.,, 17.9, 230 ( ),,,,, : 4. ( )
132 ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) 24-1 ( ) 1,, 24-1 ( ) 1 2 3 3 1 2 96 95 2, 80 90,,,,, ( ) 22: ( ) 1.,
( ) 133 25h 3, ;, ( ), 3 3cm,,, 3, 2. 15, 24h - 1, ;, 2,, - 1,,, - 1 3., 6, 20h 10,,,, 6, 5 7 ( ),,, 30h 40h 50h,,,,
134 ( ) 25,,,,,, 0.5 60min,, 0.5 60min,, - 1 10, : 1.,, 2., 3.,, ; ;
( ) 135 ( ),, - 10131Pa, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. - 9.8-744.8Pa - 9.8Pa,,,,,, ; - 744.8Pa,,, 2. 0.5 60min 0.5min,, ; 60min,
136 ( ), 3. 0.5 60min,, 30s,,,, ; 60min,, 4. - 1 10-1,, ; 10,,, ;, ( ),,,,, - 9.8-744.8Pa 0.5 60min,, 0.5 60min,,,,, - 1 10,, - 1 10, - 9.8-744.8Pa 0.5 60min,,, : 1. 10, 5,, 490Pa 60min,,, 60min,,,,,
( ) 137-1,, - 1 25h,,,, 2. 10,, - 744.8Pa 3min,,, 5min,,,, 0,, 0, 40h,,,,, 3. 15, 1.5,, - 4.8Pa, 5min,,, 30s,, - 1 7,,,,, 4. 15,,, - 744.8Pa, 2min,, 2min, - 1 50%,,, - 1 20,,, 5. 15, 50%,,
138 ( ) - 49Pa 30s, - 98Pa 30s,,,,, 5,, 5 5,,,,,,, 25h 40h, 7 20 5 ;,, ;, 26,,,,, ; 15 18h 0,,, - 9-10,,,,
( ) 139, (1), (2) (3), (4) (5),,, ( ) 22:, ( ), 2 30 m ( ) ( )
140 ( ) 22: ( ) ( ) 1. 24h, 0.1 2 24h, 3,, 2.,, 2 30 m,,,, 3.,,, 1 2 : 6, 9, 5, 1, 2, 4, 0 ( ) 1. 10, 25h, 2 315 m, 0.5 ( ),,,,, 0.5,
( ) 141 0.5, 7,, 2. 10, 24h, 1 6, 5 m,, - 0.5 ;,,,, 0.5,, 0.5, 100h,, 3. 15, 27h 2 5, 20 m, 0,,, 0, 0, 29, 4. 15, 26h, 11, 10 m, - 1.5 ;,,, 15, - 1.5, 30,, ( ),,, 7, 100h, 29 30,,
142 ( ) 27 VitD 3 D3, VitD3, D( VitD),, VitD3,,, D, VitD3, ;,,,, VitD, VitD3 VitD,, VitD3,, VitD3 VitD3,,,, VitD3 VitD, 400IU, 100IU, 400IU, 400IU VitD,, 14 3L,,,,
( ) 143,,, VitD3,, VitD3 VitD3, VitD3, 1., 2.,, VitD3 740 19 500IU/ 100g 3., VitD3, VitD3 680 700IU/ 100g 4.,,, 5., VitD3 6.,, VitD3 ( ) D3
144 ( ) VitD3, 84 85,,, VitD,,, : ( ), 3, 7, 12-198 15 (g/ L) 0.28 30.56 0.36 5.08,, VitD3, VitD3 : ( ) ( 40% 59% ) 0.916 0.029 ( 15/ 15 ), 0 3, 84 100,, :
( ) 145 ( ) 1. VitD3,, VitD3, VitD3,, 2., VitD3, VitD3, VitD3, 3. VitD3, VitD3, VitD3 5, 10, ( ) VitD3, 27-1 27-2 27-1 VitD3 VitD 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 D 3 mg(40 000IU/ mg) 1 2.5 1 2.5 0.5 1 g 1 1 5 5 ml 400 400 400 400 400 400 ml 400 400 400 400 400 400 VitD 3 IU/ ml 100 250 100 250 50 100
146 ( ) 27-2 VitD 3 VitD 3 1 2 1 2 D 3 mg(40 000IU/ mg) 5 50 5 50 g 1 5 ml 400 400 400 400 ml 400 400 400 400 VitD 3 IU/ ml 500 5 000 500 5 000 ( ) 1. VitD3 1 4:, 200,,,,, 90, D3,,, 1 2:,, 2. VitD3 1 2:, VitD3 ( ) 1., VitD3 VitD3 VitD3, ;,
( ) 147 VitD3 2. VitD3 : VitD3, kg VitD3 4 000 10 000IU ; VitD3, kg VitD3 2 000 20 000IU, kg 4mL 3. : VitD3, kg 4mL ( ),,,, kg 4mL,,, ;,,, ( ) 1. VitD3 VitD3 1 2 3 4 1 2, VitD3, 40 60 ( %, ) VitD3 27-3 27-3 ( VitD 3 ) VitD 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 % 88 88 87 87 87 75 VitD 3 IU/ 100g 750 1 900 740 1 950 150 340 27-3,,
148 ( ) VitD3, 2. VitD3 VitD3 1 2 1 2, VitD3, 100 8, VitD3 27-4 27-4 ( VitD 3 ) VitD3 1 2 1 2 g 2 520 2 540 2 520 2 340 VitD 3 IU/ 100g 680 700 380 * 30IU/ 100g, 27-4, VitD3,,,, VitD3 VitD3,, 28,,
( ) 149,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2., 3.,, ( ) A E,, 1. A,, A1 A2 A1, ; A2, 3 - A1, 62 64,,,,
150 ( ), 2.7 10 6 IU/ g A 1.7 10 6 IU/ g A : 2. E,,, 0.950,,,, : ( ), 6 10 ( ), :, 0.915, : -32 3.8, 235 240,,, :
( ) 151 ( ), : 3: ( ),, : : 24: ( ) ( ) 1., 1 0.5 5( ) 2., ( ) 1.2 6 3. 0.5 1.5 ( ) 28-1
152 ( ) 28-1 ( : g) A (, 175IU/ g) 85. 7 85.7 E ( > 96 % ) 781. 3 781.3 750. 0 2250. 0 2250.0 2425. 0 2425.0 3708. 0 4458.0 ( ) 1., A E, 80,, 2 000r/ min,, 2min,,, 2min,,,,, A E,,,,,, 2., ( ), 4.5,
( ) 153 200g,, 50g,, ( ),, 200g,, 60kg 3,, A E, A E,,, A 27.7%, E 13.9%,,,,,,, 29,,,,,
154 ( ), B1 B2 B6 B12, C, H,, C( ),,,,,,, C, C,,, C,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,,,,,
( ) 155 1. C,,,, 190 192 ( ),,,,,,,,,, : 2. B1,,, 245 250,, :, 3. - 80,,, HLB 4.3, 140 160mg/ g, 190 220, 10
156 ( ), 1.5% : 4. 3: 5.,,,,,,, ( ), : 6., : ( ) 29-1
( ) 157 29-1 ( ) 1 2 3 1 2 3 C 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 B 1 2.5 3.7 4.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 30.0 28.8 28.1 30.0 30.0 30.0 * * * ( ) 1 2 3 1 2 3,, 29-1 ; : 2 ( ) : 40 ( ), ( ),,,
158 ( ),,,,,,, ( ) 1. 1 1, 2 ( ), kg 1.2g,, ( 20g/ ) 5% 8%,,,,,,,, 2. 2 2 10g, 20g, 400g,,,,, kg 5g,, 2% 8%, 5,, 40%, 75% 3. 3 20g, 40g,, 1kg,, 20kg, 6%, 3, (23g) 1 ;,,
( ) 159,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,
160 ( ) 2.,,, 3., 1.,,,, : 2., :,,,,, : 3.,,,, :
( ) 161 4.,,,,,,,, : 5., B1 B2 : 6. ( ) 1 10 (, ) 30 30,,, 2 10, 20 20,,, ( ) 1. 30-1 2. :,,,,,,, 75mm 80mm 18mm, 40 70 100g :,
162 ( ),, 30-1 ( ) 13. 5 40. 5 35 36. 0 5 15 15 10. 0 30 ( ) (100g), 6 000,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ( 100g), 6 000, 20 ( )
( ) 163,, 60% 90%,,,,,,, (100g) 6 000, 7,,, 30-2 30-2,, 96% 132%,,, 60% 90%, 30-2 7 ( ) ( % ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( % ) 34 60 96 24 70 110 34 70 109 24 80 125 34 80 115 24 90 132 24 90 126 14 60 100 24 60 96 ( ),,,, 50
164 ( ),,, 30-3 30-3 50 ( : cm 2 ) ( ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 50 140 360 440 680 700 50 210 380 310 290 350 ( ) 50 60 160 220 190 140 30-3,,,, ( ), (100g), 6 000,, 20 ( ),,,,, 60% 90%,,,,,,,,,
( ) 165 31,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,,
166 ( ) 4.,,, ( ),,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,, : 1., B1,,, 2.,
( ) 167 : ( ), 1.00 1.05,,,, : ( ),, : 1. 15:,, 2.,,, 150 200 ( ),,, : ( ) ( ),,
168 ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 2., ;,, 0.1% 0.2%, ( ) 31-1 31-1 ( % ) 5 50 10 ( :kg) 1 2 1 2 0.5 5.0 3 3 50 80 100 200 200 1 3 2 1 1 3 1 100 100 200 100 ( ) 1 2:,,,,,, 1 2:,,, ( ) 1 500,
( ) 169,, 1 500 ( ) : 1 2 1 2, 1 500,,,,, 1 150 30,,,, 1 2 ; 1 2,,,,, 31-2 31-2 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 1 91.5 109 130 1. 2-2 92.4 110 135 0. 8-1 100 100 100 9. 8 + 2 96.4 106 116 4. 5 + ( ) 105 94 107 6. 4 - : :,
170 ( ) 100% :, 100% :, 100%, : 30 :, ( )-, 1 2,, 10%, 10%, 6.4% 0.8 1.2%,,, 1 2,,,, 32 ;,, ;,,,,,,
( ) 171, 0.3%,, 0.3%,,,,, 1., 2.,,,, ( ),,,,, : 1.,, 2m
172 ( ),,,, :, 2.,,, 1,, ; ;,,,, : ( ),, : 1.,, 1.13, 723, 1 330, : ( ) 2., 2.55, 783 40, 540 ( ) :
( ) 173 ( ),,,,, ( ) 32-1 32-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 90 94 95 91, 10 9 100 6 5 100 100 ( ) 1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 100, ( ),,, 3% 20% ( % ),,
174 ( ) ( ) ( ), ( 80% ),,,,, 30 90%,, 32-2 NO. 32-2 % ( ) 3 5 11 16 17 18 20 21 30 1 8 - - - + + + 2 8 - - + + + + 3 8 - - - - - + + 4 8 - - - - - - - + 1 0. 3 - - + 2 0. 3 - - + 3 0. 3 - - - : - ; + 1/ 3; 1/ 3 ; 1/ 2 ;,, 5
( ) 175 ; 1 2, 11 ; 3, 11 1/ 2 ; 2 11 ; 1 3 16 18 ; 4 20 ( 21 ),, ;,,, 33,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,
176 ( ) 2.,, 3.,, ( ), SiO2 Na2 O ( ) 3,3,,,,, 3.33 1, 2.413 2.560, 3 : ( )
( ) 177, 976,,,,,,,, 3 : ( ),,,, - -,, - - : ( ),, : ( ) 5.606, 1 975,
178 ( ),, 1 800, : ( ) 2.42, 300,, : ( ), : ( ),, :, 4.26, 2.72,, ;,
( ) 179 3.84, 2.55,,,,,, ( 2 3 ) : ( ), :,, 2.50 2.60;, 2.70 2.80,,, : : ; : ( ) ( ) 1. 33-1 2.,
180 ( ) 10% 25%,,, 30%,,, 10% 25% 33-1 ( ) 1 2 3 3, 80 3, 84 3, 80 30 26 30 ( ) 1. 33-2 33-2 ( ) 1 2 3 1 2 3, 20 % 100 100 100, 16 % 100, 16 % 100 100-70 35 30 2 150 5 60 10 2 2 100 25 1 2 10 30 1 1 30 4 40 40 40 40 40 40 20 20 20 20 20 15
( ) 181 2.,,, ( ) 4 m, 1 2 3, 170 140 150, 1 2 3 140 170 160,,, 100 m,,, ( ) 1. 240h, 2. 24h, 3. 5% 24h, 4. 1 000, 5. 80 16h, 20 8h 10, 6. SUNSHIME 500h, 7. 24h 8. 24h, 9.,, 30min,
182 ( ) ( ) 33-3 33-3 1 2 3 1 2 3 ( ) > 9H > 9H > 9H > 9H > 9H > 9H ( N/ cm 2 ) 15.5 14.0 13.0 10.5 13.0 11. 5 13.0 13.5 13.0 0 1.0 0 ( h ) 2.5 3.5 3.0 22.4 1.5 22. 4,, ( ) 1 1.5,,, ( ),, 240h ; 1 000, ; ;,
( ) 183,,, 34,, (),, 10,, 1., 2. 3., 1., 150 170
184 ( ) 38% 50%, 0.5% 1.0%, ph 6 7, : 2. 1, 2-,,,, 1.038 ( 20/ 20 ), 188.2,, : 3. 33:, 4. 33:, 5. 12:, 6. (10 ) 5: 7. 1:, 8. 0.976 (25/ 25 ), - 80, 289 ( ),, :
( ) 185 9.,,,, : 10.,, : 11.,,, : 12. 2.168 ( 0 ), 271, 320, : 13. 28% 29%,, 0.90( 25/ 25 ), ph
186 ( ) : 14. ( ) 34-1 34-1 ( ) (50 % ) 40 2 ( ) 20 8 ( ) 10 ( 10) 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.25 0.25 15. 8 180.0 ( ) 1. 12.8%,,,,,,, 2.,
( ) 187,,, 3.,, (10),,,, ph 8 9 34-2 34-2 ( % ) 36 44 ( % ) 70 ( m) 60 (25, 65 % ) ( h) ( h) 0. 5 24 (mm) 1 ( ) 0.25 (, g/ m 2 ) 120 (5 %, ) 1 000 (, 200h), 200 250g/ m 2,,,
188 ( ),, 10 35,,,,,,,,,, -,, 1., 1 000h, 2., 500, 3., 4.,,
( ) 189 1. 21: 2.,,, 0 : 3. 4. (10 ) 5: 5. 1.045 (21 ), 340,, : 6. - - -,, 40% 50%,,
190 ( ),, : 7. DF-2,,, : ( ) ( ) 8. 12: 9.,,,, 2.7 2.8, : 10.,,,,,,, :
( ) 191 11. 33: 12., 2.5, 616,,,, : 13., 12 18,, : 14. 1.045, 340,, : 15.
192 ( ) ( ) 1. 35-1 35-1 ( kg) 1 700 2 000 60 SiO 2 20 % 30 % 48 1 000 ( 10) 0.03 1 2.,,,,, 90,,, 50, 30min, 40,,,, 40, 1h,, 3. 35-2 35-2 7 % 8 % -4, 20,16 17s,, 96h 85 2 5h,,
( ) 193 ( ) 1. 35-3 35-3 ( kg), 7 % 8 % 750 - ( 50 2) % 60 30 % 0.3 120 180 200 40 ZnS 28 % 40, 20 0.67 0.01 0.02 2.,,,,,, -,, 30min,,,,, 3. 35-4
194 ( ) 35-4 % 25 30-4,25, s 25 30 m 40 g/ m 2 250, % 100,, h 1000, 85 5h 500 ml/ 24h 2 20, 70 %, h 1, 5, ( ),,,, 10%, ph 10,, 15,
( ) 195,,,, 3 4m 2 / kg, 5, 5,, 10%,, ( ),,,,,, 36,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1., ;
196 ( ) 2., ; 3., ; 4., - -,, 1., 2.,, 3.,,,, 4.,,,,,,,, 1. - 35: 50%
( ) 197 2.,, 35% : 3. 33:, 4.,,, ;,,, : 5.,,,, : 6., 2.7 2.9
198 ( ),,, : 200, 250, 400 : 7. 2: 8. ( ) - ( 50% ) 25 0.2 (, ) 8 1 0.1 50 0.2 ( ) 5 ( ),, -
( ) 199,,,,,,,,, :, ( 200 10-1 300 10-1 Pa.s), 8mm, 6.86 10 5 Pa, 3.0kg/ m 2, 24h,,,, 0.5 1min/ m 2,,,,, 37,,,,,,,,,
200 ( ),,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ),, 1. ( ), 2., 3.,,,,,
( ) 201 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),, 1., 1.325, - 16.5, 132 (3.87kPa) : 2.,,,, : 3.,, :
202 ( ) 4., ( ), : 1. -, 0.9297, 135.1 : 2. - 0.9027, 171.1 : ( ),, : 1. 5: 2. 4:
( ) 203 3. 1: ( ) 1. 37-1 37-1 ( ) 1 2 3 37.0 30.0 40.0 25 % 50.5 10.0 15.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 59.5 44.5 2.0 2., ( ) 1.,,,,, 4, ( ),, 1 2 3 ;
204 ( ), 1 2 3 4,,, 5min,, :,,, 2. 37-2 37-2 1 2 3 ( ) 1. 1 2 3 1 2 3, 1cm,,,, 5min 30min 14h, :,, 2. 37-3
( ) 205 37-3 1 2 5min 30min 14h 5min 30min 14h 5min 3 30min 14h 5min 30min 14h 5min 30min 14h 5min 30min 14h,,, 5min,,,
206 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 38,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,
( ) 207, 2.,,,, ( ),,, 1.,, 2.2 2.66, 1 670 ( ) 1 710 ( ) ( ) 0.01 5mm : 2.,,,,,,
208 ( ) 0.01 5mm : ( ),, ; :,, : ( ) 1 3mm :,, 2.8 2.95, 3.5 4.0, 1 3mm : ( )
( ) 209 ( ),, :,, 2.25, 1,,,, 50 100 m : ( ) 1. 38-1 2.,, 220mm 220mm 10mm,,,, 38-1 ( ) 0.01 5mm, 200 m 500 0.01 5mm, 200 m 500 50 % 100
210 ( ) ( ), 50% 80 (, ),, 50 100 m 40,, 20 30min,,, 1 3mm, 30min,,,,, ( ),, 150 300,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39,,
( ) 211,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,, 1. 3.14, 16.7,,
212 ( ) : 2. 2.45 2.76, 6.0 6.5, ;, : 3., : 4., 2 - -1, 2, 3 -,,, 40 50, 75 1.542, 153, : 5.
( ) 213 ( ) 88 m( ),, 200 5h,, 50%,, 1 300 1h,,, 88 m ( ), ( ) 1. ( ) (, 88 m, ) 100 20 ( ) 10 ( ) 20 2.,, 20, 1min, 7.6mm 13mm, ( ) 50, 16h,,,,, 78,,,,,,,,,
214 ( ),,,,,, 78,,, 7.6mm 15mm, 1 000kg/ cm 2 150kg/ cm 2,, 40,,,,, 1., 2.,
( ) 215 3.,,, 1.,,,, : 2. 30% 20%, : ( ) ( ) 3.,, 2.45 2.60, 1 785,, :
216 ( ) 4. 609 E-03 A A E-03 135 150,,,,, : ( ) ( ) 40-1 ( ),,,,,, 40-1 ( ) 1 2 500 m, 50 40 500 m, 30 40 10 10 609 15 15
( ) 217,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 41,,,,,,,, 1.,,
218 ( ) 2.,, 3.,, ; 1. ( ),,,, 2.58 2.63, 2.0 2.5,,,, : 2., 49% 51%, ph 7.5 9,,, : 3. 2.5%, (45 2) %, 3.5% :
( ) 219 4. 39:, 5., ( ), 800 3h,,, ( ) 1. 41-1 41-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4 1 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 20 10 10 20 10 5 10 5 10 5 5 ( % ) 40 40 40 40 40 40 1 1 124 1 092 1 123 1 190 325 323 ( kg/ cm 2 ) 2. 41-1,
220 ( ) 100,, 40%,,, 60 1, 1 2 3 4 1 2,,,,,,,,,,, 1 092 1 124kg/ cm 2 ;,, 42,,,,,,,
( ) 221,,,,,,, 1.,,, 2., 3.,,, 4.,, 5.,,, ( )
222 ( ),, 30 90 : 38% 40%, 0.5% 1.0%, ph 6 7 : ( ), : 38, ( ), : 1., 1 450,,, : 2.,
( ) 223,, : 3. 41: 4., 2.24 580,,,, : 5. ( ), : 20 30 5 30mm ( ),, : 1.857, 150,,,, :
224 ( ) ( ) : ( 6 1) %, 0.007 0.015Pa s (25 ),, : ( ) ( ) 42-1 42-1 ( ) 30 90 200 300 421 76 51 126 355 20 30 150 5 30mm 130 6 ( )
( ) 225 1.,,, 2.,,,,, 3. (1),,, (2),, (3), 5 000g/ m 2, (4), 6 700g/ m 2,, (5) ( ), 90 110 25kg/ cm 2 20min (6),, 3 5,,,,,,,,
226 ( ),,,,,,, 43,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, 2.
( ) 227 3.,, 4., 5., ( ), 1 000 177 420 m 50% : ( ) ( ) : 1. 33:
228 ( ) 2.,,,,,, 25% ( ),,, :,,,, 2.679,,,,, 300 : ( ) ( ) ( ),, :, ( ) 1.26 1.30, 120, : 25%, 40% 5%,,
( ) 229 : ( ) :, ( 20% 63% ),, : ( ) 43-1 43-1 ( ) 1 2 3 196 m 100 100 100 100 # 3 90 100 90 100 90 1 15 15 1 1 15 m 0.1 10 1 1 6mm 50 % 1 10 5 ( )
230 ( ), 1 2 3,,, 1 2 3,,1 2 3 400mm 400mm 50mm, 15mm, 12kg/ cm 2,,1 2 3 ( ) 1 2 3, 43-2, 5 8, 1 2 3,, 43-2 43-2 ( ) ( % ) ( h ) Pa( 10 6 ) 1 40 50 4 4.78 2 50 60 3 6.34 3 50 70 4 7.58 1 20 80 5 2 30 20 3 3 60 90 2 : 40 60 40 70 1 5 - - - -
( ) 231,,,,,, 43-2 43-2,,,, ;,,,, 44,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1., 3.2 10 6 Pa
232 ( ) 2.,, 3.,,,, ( ) 33:,,, ( ), ;, ;,, : ( ),,, 7g/,,,
( ) 233 : ( ),,, 2.7 2.8,, : ( ),,, 300,, : ( ) : 1., 2.662, 1 069, : 2.,,, 1.69,, 86.5
234 ( ),250, 700 : 3.,,,, 2.26, 308, 537.7, : 4. 1 650,,, : 5. 2.165, 801, 1 413,,, ;, : ( ), ( )
( ) 235 44-1 44-1 ( ) 1 2 3 *, ph 11.4 60 60 60 5 5 5 6mm 1 1 1 34 34 34 ( ) 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 ( 100 % ) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 ( ) 24.5 24.5 24.5 * 5 180 cm 2 / g ph 2.4 0.7 %, ph 11.4 ( ),,,, 10min,,, 35 40, 2.45 10 6 2.94 10 6 Pa,,, 1 7, 30 60,
236 ( ) ( ), 35 40, 2.45 10 6 2.94 10 6 Pa, 100mm 300mm, 500mm, ( ) 1. 5h : 15 5h 1 : 60 24h 7 : 15 6, 60 24h 2. 500mm ; 16 6 60 24h, : ( % ) = - 100% 3., :
( ) 237,,, 4., :,, ( ) 44-2 44-2 ( kg/ cm2 ) 5h 1 7 ( % ) 1 31 217 324 0.055 2 24 228 327 0.066 3 32 225 318 0.077,, ( 5h 32kg/ cm 2, 1 228kg/ cm 2 ), ;, 7 318 327kg/ cm 2,, 45,,
238 ( ),,,,,,, 1.,, 2. ( ), ;, 3.,,, 1., 2., 1.095, 120,,,,,
( ) 239 : 3. 150 ;, 150, : 4., 1.145, 160 ;,,,, : 5. ( ),,, 0.84 (69 ), 69.4,,, :
240 ( ) 6., 1.045, 340,,, : 7. 0.9861, - 55, 231,,, : 8. 1 500 5 000, 0.9, 100 120,, : 9. 12:, 10.,,
( ) 241 1. () 100 3 3 3 5 4 4 1.5 50 ( ) 2.,,,,,, ( ) ( )
242 ( ),, 0.4%, 0.2%, ( - 32,75h) 0.4%, ( kg/ cm 2 ) ( ), 90 80,,,,,,,,,, 46,,,,,,, ;,,,,,
( ) 243 ;,,,,,, 150,, 1., 2.,,, 3.,,, 4.,, ( ),,
244 ( ),,,,,,, 50cm,,, ;,, ( ), ( ), 50 250 : 1., 1.162, 80.2, 217.9,,,,, : 2., 1.0242 (99/ 4 ), 96, 278,,,,, : 3.,
( ) 245 1.179, 100 101, 340,,, : 4., 0.992, 69 70, 254.9,, : 5. 1.25, 217, 354 355,,, : ( ) 46-1 ( ) 1. 1 5L, 46-1, 80, ; 140,, ;
246 ( ) 200; 218,,, 2h, 25,,,, 20s, 1mm, 1 46-1 ( : g) 1 2 3 4 5, 10cm 200 200 200 200 200, 10cm 200 200 200 200 200, 10cm 200 200 200 200 200, 10cm 200 200 200 200 200, 10 cm 200 200 200 200 200 80.2 500 96 500 101 500 70 500 217 500 218,2h 278,2h 330,2h 180,2h 250,2h 2. 2 5,,,
( ) 247, 46-2,,,,, % 46-2 1 2 3 4 5 81 83 83 79 82 11 10 10 10 10 7 7 7 7 7 0.7 0.2 0.03 4 0.5 ( mm ) 1 1 1 2 1 47,,,, ;,,,,,,
248 ( ) ;,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2., 3., 4.,,, 5.,,,,,,, ( )
( ) 249, ( ), ;, ;,, : 1., 0.90 0.96, 15 144J/ kg : 2. 42: : 1. 5mm, 2.,,, 250g/ kg ;, 1.5kg/ L, 250 360,, 3.,,,
250 ( ) ;,,, 4., 1 10 m, ( ), 1.,, 2. ( ) (,, ) : (1) 47-1 47-1 ( ) 1 2 3 20 40 34 30 35 100 50 60 120 50 10 70 3 3 3 3 (2) 1,,
( ) 251,,, 2,,,,,, 3,,,,,,, 1 2 3,, ( ),,,,,,, ;,,,,, 48,
252 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1.,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,,
( ) 253 ( ) 1.,, 2.,,,, 1.1 1.2, 60% 70%, 40%, 21.17kJ/ kg :, ;,,, : ( ) : 1.,, : 2.,, :
254 ( ) ( ), : 42:, ( ), ;, ( ) 1. 48-1 48-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4, 10mm 50 50 70 70 2mm 50 50 30 30 5 8 2 3 3 6 8
( ) 255 2., 10mm, 2mm, 1 2:,,,,,, 3 4:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
256 ( ) 49,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,,,,
( ) 257 ( ) 21:, 80% 90% ( ) : 1., MC,,, 40 000 180 000, 25% 33% 225,, : 2.,, ( ph < 3 ), 1% ph 6 8 ph 6 9, 80, :
258 ( ) 3. : 13.31%, 1.2%, 0.01%,, 0.37%, 85.11%,, 12% 18% : ( ) 1 ( 88 1) % 3 400g, 600g 4 000g,, 100, 4h,,,,,,, 1, 85%, 15% 2 ( 88 1 ) % 2 000g 1 000g, 8 000L, 100 5h,
( ) 259,, 90, 1 50,,, 2 3 ( 88 1 ) % 2 400g 600g 4 000g,, 100 4h,, 2, 80% 20% 3 4 ( 88 1 ) % 2 400g 800g 800g 4 000g,, 100, 5h,, 2, 4, 60%, 20%, 20% 5 ( 88 1 ) % 3 200g 800g 4 000g, 1, 5, 80%, 20% 1. 1,
260 ( ),,,,,, 2. 2, 4m/ s, 2.5 m,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 3,, 5 m, 15m/ min,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 4.,, 4,,,,,
( ) 261,,,,,,,,,, 5. 5,, 5 m, 3m/ min,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 50,,,,,,,
262 ( ) ;, ;,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2., 3.,,, 1.,,,, 27% 30%,, : 2.,
( ) 263, 153 ( ), 61.7 ( C = 1, ) (g/ 100mL), 59, 1, 1%, ph 3.6, 24h, ph 2.5 : 3., 1.899, 64 90, ; 300,,, : 4. 42: 5. 2 -, 1.249, 16.8, 122,,, DL- D- L-, DL-,, :
264 ( ) 6. 39: 7. 1. 50-1 50-1 ( : g) 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 17.6 8.9 8.9 26.2 26.2 26.2 13.1 3.4 3.5 3.5 88 % 4.7 3.3 90 58.7 64.3 64.3 66.9 ( ) ( % ) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 ph 4.0 2.9 4.1 4.1 3.1 2. 1 50-1,,, 2 3 4,,,,, 2 3 4 5,
( ) 265,,, 5 50-1 ph,,,,, 400 500, 750 1 000mL/ m 2,, 10 15,,,, 1, 10g, 90g ; 2, 10g, 90g 1 2 3 4 5 1 2, 500, 750mL/ m 2, 10m 2,, 10, :, ; 1 2, ;,,,,
266 ( ) 51,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2., 3. 4.,,
( ) 267 5., 1.,,,,, 2., ( ),, ( ),, 2.31 2.32, 2,, 128 1 1 2, ; 150 ( 33: ) : ( ) ( ) 3. 39:, 4.,,
268 ( ) 10mm 13mm 5. 1.,, 1 200 1 500,,,, ( ),, 10% ( %, ) ( ),,, 2. 50L, 8.0kg, 10mm 13mm 42kg,99.5% 160g 1.6kg, 4min, 60cm 40cm 10cm,,,, 7,,,,,,,, 97%, 50%,,,
( ) 269 52,,,,,,,,, 80,, ;,,, ;,,, 1., 2., 3.,,
270 ( ) 1. 33: 2. ( ), ( ),, 1. 100% 300%,, 100%, ; 300%,, 2. 30% 150% 30%, ; 150%,, 3.,,, 40 120min, ( ) 1. 500mL 6Pa s 100 (, ) 50 150,,, 70min,,
( ) 271 2. 100 ( 15, 12Pa s) 100 300,,,, 60min,, 2, 3. 100, 30 100,,,, 40min,, ( ),,,,,,,, 53,,,,,,,,,,,,
272 ( ),,, ;, ;,,,,,, 1.,,, 2.,,, 3., 4.,,, ; ;, ; ; ;,,,,, ( )
( ) 273,,,,,,,,, 44 m : ( ) ( ) : 1. B, : 2. GR,,, : 3. 2BLN
274 ( ) : 4.,,, : ( ), : 1.,, 0.7915, - 97.8, 64.65, 12.2 ( ), 463.8, 6.0% 3 615% ( ) : 2. 5: ( )
( ) 275 1. 53-1 53-1 ( ) 1 2 3 4 ( g) 44 m 10 20 10 10 B 1 ( g) BR 1.5 2BLN 1 0.2 ( ml) 3 6 3 3 ( ml ) 3 6 3 3 2. 1 2 3 4,,, ;,,,,,,, 1 2 3 4,,,, :
276 ( ) 1., 10%,,,,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,,, 4.,,,,, 5.,, ph,,,,, ;,,
( ) 277 54,,,,,,,,,,, ph 10, 1.,, 2.,, 3., 4.,,,,,
278 ( ) 1. 34:, 2.,,, : G,,,, : 3., 42:, ph 4. 3kg G 4.5g 10L,,,, ph 10.0, 30min, No.2,, 105,,, 24h,, b 10.0 9.9,,,
( ) 279 100,,, 100 500g( ) 500g, 50L,, 2% ( ) 150g/ m 2, 105,,,, 55,,,, 100m 2 / g, 1. 100m 2 / g, 2.,
280 ( ), 3., 4.,,,, 5.,,, ( ) :, 25% 30%, 1.17 1.22, 10 20m, : ( ),
( ) 281 1.,,, : 1.726, - 30, 136.4,,, : ( ) 2. : (1) 2.05, 56.7, 136.7,, : (2 ) 2.898, 282, 315 ( ),, 37, 280,,, : ( ) ( ) ( )
282 ( ) (3), 2.01, 58, 198,, 106 200 : (4) 1.924, 84,,,45 120, : (5) 2.074, 26.4, 2.32, 114.5,, : ( ) ( ),, : 1., 28% 29%,, 0.90, - 77,,
( ) 283 : 2. 58,, : 1. 55-1 2. 1, 1 470g 10% ph 7 9, -, 500 1h, - 380g,, 1 2 6, 2 6,,,,, 10%, ph 7 9,, 10-3 1,, 2 3 4 5 6
284 ( ) 55-1 ( : g) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, 300 300 300 300 300 300 123 20 %, 1 170 1 170 1 170 1 170 1 170 1 170 502 64.8 %, 1moL/ g, 1moL/ g, 1moL/ g, 1moL/ g, 1moL/ g 160 160 180 180 180 86 ( 0.43mol/ g) 10 % 20 % 55-2 N o ( ) ( m 2 / g) (mg/ g) 1 500 150 19.0 2 700 190 48.1 3 500 370 45.0 4 500 140 23.0 5 500 206 48.8 6 450 228 26.4 7 500 250 41.1 7,, 2L, ph 7 9,
( ) 285, 1, 7, BET, 55-2,,,,, 56,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ), :
286 ( ) 1., ; 2., ( ), : 1.,, ; 2.,, 3. ( ) ( ), ( ), ; ;,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, : 2.
( ) 287 ph 4, ph 2.5,,,, : 3. -2, 4 -,,, ph, ph 5 6 : 4. ( ) 56-1 ( ) 1 ( ),,,, 80,,,,, 2 ( ),, 80,,,
288 ( ) 56-1 ( ) ( % ) 1( ) 2( ) 3( ) 100 98.7 99.0 100 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 1 2 3 40mL, - 20 5h,, 100mL, 15, : 1. 1 2 3 15, 5.5 20min, 11, : 3 ( ), 75min;, 2 ( ), 90min;, 1, 120min, 1 2, 30% ; 3 ( )50% 2. 3,
( ) 289, ;, 2,,,, 10% ; 1,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 57,, 1 000,,,, ;,,,,,, 150,
290 ( ) 1., 2., 3.,,, 4.,, 5., ( ) 6.,,,, 1. FGX 4354 BG 3%, 30% 50%, ( ) 0.2g/ m 2, ( ph )6 7.5 : 2.,
( ) 291, 5 5.25,,, : 3.KH-590-1.057, 49 (1.33kPa) 212 (101kPa), 75,, : 4.KH-570 -( ),, 1.045, 255, 88, : 5., EC,, 1.14, 135 155, 165 185, 0.37,, : 6.
292 ( ),, 1.14 1.18, 140 180, : ( ) 7. 2 -,,,, 0.785 0.787, - 89.5, 82.3, 3.8% 10.2% ( ), : 8., 0.933, 165 166, - 77,, : 9. - 70, 260 (133.32Pa),,
( ) 293 : 10., 1.5027, - 42, 86,, : 11. ( ) 1. 57-1 57-1 ( ) 1 2 FGX 2.5 2.5 KH - 590 0.1 KH - 570 0.1 0.5 0.5 90 % 96.9 96.9 2.,, 0.5mm 5h,, 1 2
294 ( ) ( ) 1. 57-2 57-2 ( ) 1 2 7.0 5.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 1 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 1.5 90 % 71.7 80.2 2. 1,, 500nm, 2, 2 000nm, ( ) 1,, 150 20min, 2,, 150 20min,
( ) 295,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 8H 58,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,
296 ( ),,, 1.,, 2., ( ),, 1.,,,, : 2. 39:
( ) 297 ( ), 1 2-1. EDTA 300,, 1% ph 11.8, : 2. NTA,,, 25 48.4%, 1% ph 10.6 11.0,, : ( ) : 1. (10 ) 5: 2. OP -, 1% ph 8 9,,,, : 3. 2 - -N- -N -
298 ( ),,, : ( ), ( ), ( ),, : 1. 2: 2. 33: 3. 57: 4., 1.187, - 114.8, 84.9, : 5. 2: 6. 5 m ( )
( ) 299 1. 58-1 58-1 30 60 10 20 50 10 1 20 1 0 90 % 2. 58-2 58-2 ( : g) 1 2 3 90.0 200.0 30.0 52.5 50.0 160.0 (10 ) 7.5 20.0 12.0 28.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 100.0 1 000.0 ( L) 750.0 800.0 1 000.0 3.,
300 ( ), 1 2 3 1. (100mm 50mm 0.3mm), 80 ( ) 20, 20g/ m 2, 400 50s,,, 1, 3min, 4A/ dm 2 500 30s,,,,, 2. ( 50mm 50mm 3mm), 20g/ m 2, 60 30s, 2, 50 3min,, 30s,,, 3., - 100mm 120mm, 6,, 7L,,, 3 2.5L, 100r/ min, 3h,,,,,
( ) 301, (, ),,,,,,,,, 59,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
302 ( ) ;,,,,, 1.,,,, 2. 3.,, 4.,,,, 5.,, 1., ; ;
( ) 303 :,,, :, 100, 90 200;, ;,, 1%,,,, : 2.,, 245 252 : 3. 58: ph 4. 21:, 5. -
304 ( ), (20% 63% ),,,, : 6., 1 450, : 7. ( ),,,,, : 8., 1.729, 100, 5,,, ; 33, ;,,
( ) 305,, : 9. 1. (1) 100.0 0.6 0.4 99.4 (2),, 120 140,,, 90,, 80,,,, 3 000 4 000r/ min,,,,,,, ph,,,,, 2. 5g, 100mL,,
306 ( ) 2 3,, 3. (1) (, 75% ) 80 20 40 10 (2),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 3mm,,, 3mm, 0.5h, 10h;,,,,, 5 25,
( ) 307,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 60,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,, 1., 220
308 ( ) 2., 95%, 3.,, 4.,,, 1. PAA, 25% 35%, 500 3 000, 95% 1.15, ph 3 4,,,,,, : 2. 6: 3. 44: 4. 5: ph, 5.
( ) 309 1. 10%,, 10%, 2. 10%, 90%, 1%, ph 6,,, 4%,,, 20%,, 10h,, ph 9,,,, ( ) 220, : 1.,, 200mL/ m 2,, 2. 30%,,, 1.2
310 ( ) 3., 0.3%,,,,, 4. ( ),,, 0.3% 5. 5%,,, 6. ( 51: ), ( ) 2%,,,,,,