37 3 2018 6 J Infrared Millim Waves Vol 37 No 3 June 2018 1001-9014 2018 03-0344 - 07 DOI 10 11972 /j issn 1001-9014 2018 03 015 1 2* 2 2 2* 1 200241 2 200241 22% NYF TM914 4 +2 A Recent advances of rare-earth up-conversion materials doped perovskite solar cells ZHANG Meng-Yan 1 2* CHEN Jie 2 SUN Li-Jie 2 ZHOU Li-Hua 2* 1 Department of electronic engineering School of information science and technology East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China 2 State Key laboratory of space power-sources technology Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Source Shanghai 200241 China Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are considered as one of the most promising third-generation photovoltaic technologies After only a few years of research the highest efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 22% As the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has become closer to theoretical efficiency researchers have turned their attention to the near-infrared bands that perovskite materials cannot effectively absorb in order to further increase the efficiency In this article we review the research of combining up-conversion materials w ith perovskite solar cells in the past tw o years and classify them into more traditional methods and new methods The traditional method is to use a relatively single NYF nanoparticle to dope the perovskite solar cell utilize the up-conversion effect of rare earth ions absorb the near infrared light widen the absorption range of the perovskite and thus enhance the performance of the solar cell The new method is to add other ions or introduce heavily doped semiconductor materials to further enhance the performance of solar cells based on the traditional single use of rare earth ions From the experimental results both methods have achieved better performaces Key words perovskite solar cell rare earth ion up-conversion materials 2017-12-13 2017-12-15 Received date 2017-12-13 revised date 2017-12-15 14QB1402800 Foundation items Supported by the Shanghai Rising-Star Program 14QB1402800 Biography 1984- * Corresponding author E-mail zhou_lihua1983@ 163 com mengyanzhang@ 126 com
3 345 PACS 73 22 -f ABX 3 A CH 3 NH + 3 HN = CHNH + B Pb 2 + E g Sn 2 + X I Br Cl 1961 William Shockley Hans J Queisser Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells 11 2009 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 3 81% 1 1 31 ev 31% 2012 Snaith CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x E g 1 55 ev 780 nm 780 nm 10% 2 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 1 KRICT 47% 22 7% 100 ns 3 4 5 6 1 AM1 5 Fig 1 Standard AM1 5 solar spectra 7 8 9 10 ITO 850 nm 12 1 000 nm 1 13 29% 46 7%
346 37 2 LaF 3 Yb /Er β-nayf 4 Yb 3 + Er 3 + β-nayf 4 Yb 3 + Tm 3 + /NaYF 4 J sc PCE Er 3 + Ho 3 + Tm 3 + Tb 3 + 4f 5s 5p 4f 10 ~ 20 nm Er 3 + 920 ~ 1 000 nm 1 500 ~ 1580 nm 540 nm 654 nm Er 3 + Er 3 + Er 3 + r 3 + Er 3 + Yb 3 + Er 3 + Yb 3 + NaYF 4 Yb Er 2 a NaYF 4 Yb /Er TEM NaYF 4 Yb /Er TEM b NaYF 4 Yb /Er XRD c 980 nm NaYF 4 Yb /Er GaAs NaYF 4 Yb /Er 980 nm 14 Fig 2 a TEM image of NaYF 4 Yb /Er up conversion nanoparticle inset zoom in of TEM b XRD of of 3 NaYF 4 Yb /Er up conversion nanoparticle c PL spectra of NaYF 4 Yb /Er up conversion nanoparticle excited by 980 nm laser left Photo of NaYF 4 Yb /Er up conversion nanoparticle excited by 980 nm laser 14 3 1 M He β-
3 347 NaYF 4 Yb /Er 14 TiO 2 18 5 nm m-tio 2 β-nayf 4 Yb 3 + Er 3 + m-tio 2 18% Yb 980 nm Er Er 408 523 542 655 nm 2 PAA-b-PEO NaYF 4 Yb / Er NaYF 4 Yb /Er 30 5 nm PCE 10 5% 14 2% 150 nm PCE 18% 150 ~ 350 nm NaYF 4 Yb /Er J Roh β-nayf 4 Yb 3 + Er 3 + NYF m-tio 2 3 a TiO 2 NaYF 4 NaYF 4 Yb 3 + Er 3 + J-V 15 b Fig 3 a The J-V characteristic of perovskite solar cell 15 with TiO 2 nanoparticle NaYF 4 nanoprism and NaYF 4 Yb 3 + Er 3 + nanoprism 15 m-tio 2 NYF 550 nm600 nm 3 2 75 wt% Yb 3 + Er 3 + 408 523 543 655 nm 1 540 nm Er 3 + 650 nm Jsc 18 85 20 23 ma cm - 2 14% NYF 16% 3 1 2 TiO 2 TiO 2 D Zhou mcu 2-x S@ SiO 2 @ TiO 2 TiO 2 Er 2 O 3 mcse NYF 16 mcse TiO 2
348 37 4 a AM 1 5 100 mw cm - 2 SiO 2 @ Er 2 O 3 mcu 2-x S @ SiO 2 mcse / b SiO 2 @ Er 2 O 3 mcu 2-x S@ SiO 2 mcse PCE PCE c TiO 2 mcse d IPCE e AM 1 5 G 980 nm 16 mcse / Fig 4 a Current-density /voltage curves of the best-performing PSC solar cell with SiO 2 @ Er 2 O 3 solar cell with mcu 2-x S@ SiO 2 and solar cell with mcse composites under simulated AM 1 5 100 mw cm - 2 irradiance simulated sunlight b PCE distribution and the average PCE of PSCs PSCs with SiO 2 @ Er 2 O 3 PSCs with mcu 2-x S@ SiO 2 and PSCs with mcse composites c UV-Vis-Infrared extinction spectra of the mesoporous TiO 2 layer and perovskite layer with /without mcse composites d IPCE curves of the best-performing PSC e Current-density /voltage curves of the PSC with mcse composites under AM 1 5 G standard sunlight and an additional 980 nm NIR laser 16 15 mcse Cu 2-x S TiO 2 mcse 500 mcse PCE Cu 2-x S CuO Y Ding Li + Er 2 O 3 Cu 2-x S@ SiO 2 mcse NaYF 4 Yb Er /Li-Ag@ SiO 2 IPCE mcse 5 17 NaYF 4 Yb Er wt% PCE 17 8% 15 Ag Ag@ SiO 2 18 8% 4 mcse
3 349 NaYF 4 Yb Er Li + Y 3 + E 3 + Er 3 + 4f 4f 5 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x NaYF 4 Yb Er /Li-Ag @ SiO 2 J-V NaYF 4 Yb Er Li + Ag 17 Fig 5 J-V curve of CH @ SiO 2 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x solar cell with 17 different NaYF 4 Yb Er /Li-Ag@ SiO 2 NaYF 4 Yb Er 4 6 3 12 mg ml - 1 22 7 ma cm - 2 23 1 ma cm - 2 4 7 83% 9 34% 5 1 Li + Ag@ SiO 2 1 AM 1 5 100 mw cm - 2 NaYF 4 Yb Er /Li-Ag @ SiO 2 17 Table 1 The parameters of solar cell with /without NaYF 4 17 Yb Er /Li-Ag@SiO 2 Sample J sc ma cm - 2 V oc V FF η % 0 mg /ml 19 73 0 81 49 7 83 6 mg /ml 21 10 0 81 49 8 45 12 mg /ml 22 76 0 81 50 9 34 25 mg /ml 21 62 0 81 48 8 47 1 2 NYF Yb 3 + Er 3 + 2 Table 2 The summary of perovskite solar cell with up conversion nano particle PCE /% /% CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 18 5 nm NYF Yb 3 + Er 3 + /PAA-b-PEO m-tio 2 NYF Yb 3 + Er 3 + 550 nm600 nm Li + 18 1 ~ 8 15 98 13 7 CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 mcu 2-x S@ SiO 2 @ Er 2 O 3 17 8 ~ 10 LSPR CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x NaYF 4 Yb Er /Li-Ag@ SiO 2 9 34 16 LSPR
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