45 3 Vol.45, No.3 2014 5 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA May, 2014 * ( 530005), 2010 3 4 9 11 2011 3, : 6 8 39, 6 9 50,,, 鸻, 76.67%, 鸻, 鸻 鸻, ; ; ; ; Q958.1 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20130400041, (Whittaker et al, 1973; Gibbs, 1993), (Green, 1996),,,,, 8, -,, (, 2009),,,, (Ogden, 1991; Guillemain et al, 2000; Elphick et al, 2002),,,,, (Ma et al, 1999; Tourenq et al, 2001),, (, 2007),,, *, 2010GXNSFE013004, 2011GXNSFE018001, E-mail: yuchenxing108@gmail.com :,, E-mail: zhoufang@gxu.edu.cn : 2013-04-26, : 2013-08-26
514 45, 3 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) 1 ( 1), 21 28 21 36 N, 109 43 109 46 E,, 50km, 8000hm 2, (, 2010),,, 23.4 C, 2 C, 37.4 C, 1500 1700mm, 80% 85% 4 9, 2.35m, 6.25m, : ( 50m) (, )(); : (,,, 131hm 2 ) (,, 337hm 2 ) Fig.1 1 Location of the Shankou National Natural Reserve, Guangxi, South China 2, ( 1) 2.1 2010 3 4 2011 3 () 2010 9 11 (), 10 14, (: 表 1 栖息地利用方式 Tab.1 Habitat use by waterbirds in different areas,,
3 : 515 ; : ), 8 20 60 (Howes et al, 1989), (Howes et al, 1989), :, 5 10 100, Howes (1988), 䴙䴘 鸻 鸻 鹡鸰 12 2.2 鸻, (Martin et al, 1993),,,,, (Davis et al, 1998) () 2.3, 鸻 鸻 6, t, Mann- Whitney U, ( ) Pearson,, Spearman Microsoft Excel 2003 SPSS 17.0 3 3.1 ( ) 6 9 54, 9942 ( 2)6 8 39, 5411, 6 9 50, 4531 表 2 不同滨海湿地类型水鸟组成 Tab.2 The observed number of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands CICONIIFORMES Ardeidae 1. Ardea cinerea W 35 3 2 2. Egretta alba W 3 132 136 3. Egretta intermedia P 185 11 23 4. Egretta garzetta R 273 2124 681 443 5. Bubulcus ibis R 36 73 6 6. Ardeola bacchus R 286 391 497 341 7. Butorides striatus R 21 7 21 3 8. Nycticorax nycticorax R 5 1 9. Ixobrychus sinensis R 3 3 13 10. * Ixobrychus cinnamomeus S 1 11. * Ixobrychus flavicollis S 1 ANSERIFORMES Anatidae 12. * Anas falcata W 2 13. Anas crecca W 32 2 14. * Anas acuta W 18 GRUIFORMES Rallidae 15. * Gallirallus striatus R 1
516 45 续表 2 16. * Rallus aquaticus W 1 17. Amaurornis phoenicurus R 1 1 8 18. Gallinula chloropus R 1 4 鸻 CHARADRIIFORMES Recurvirostridae 19. Himantopus himantopus W 1 17 鸻 Glareolidae 20. 鸻 Glareola maldivarum P 180 鸻 Charadriidae 21. * Vanellus cinereus W 1 22. 鸻 Pluvialis fulva W 116 40 36 23. 鸻 Pluvialis squatarola W 51 24. 鸻 Charadrius dubius W 10 42 95 25. 鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus W 20 642 15 120 26. 鸻 Charadrius mongolus W 35 1 32 27. 鸻 Charadrius leschenaultii P 22 32 Scolopacidae 28. * Gallinago stenura W 3 29. Gallinago gallinago W 1 4 2 5 30. Limosa lapponica W 2 1 31. Numenius phaeopus W 67 31 32. Numenius arquata W 38 3 33. Tringa erythropus W 1 21 34. * Tringa totanus W 25 84 35. Tringa stagnatilis W 7 70 94 28 36. Tringa nebularia W 66 171 157 237 37. Tringa ochropus W 2 22 38. Tringa glareola W 1 75 81 39. Actitis hypoleucos R 3 2 7 23 40. * Calidris tenuirostris W 13 41. Calidris ruficollis W 8 20 4 42. * Calidris temminckii W 34 29 43. * Calidris subminuta W 37 9 44. * Calidris ferruginea W 54 45. Calidris alpina W 52 224 9 CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae 46. Alcedo atthis R 23 30 7 51 47. Halcyon smyrnensis R 13 17 48. Halcyon pileata S 2 7 1 2 49. Ceryle rudis R 6 7 6 PASSERIFORMES 鹡鸰 Motacillidae 50. 鹡鸰 Motacilla alba W 2 9 70 250 * 51. 鹡鸰 Motacilla citreola P 10 * 52. 鹡鸰 Motacilla flava W 125 70 53. * Anthus richerdi W 10 57 54. * Anthus hodgsoni W 1 R: ; S: ; W: ; P: *
3 : 517 19, 4, : 鸻, 136 15 : 鸻 鹡鸰 鹡鸰, 681, (t=0.154, P=0.876>0.05) 鸻 (t= 1.863, P=0.082>0.05)(t= 1.964, P=0.068> 0.05) 鸻 Mann-Whitney U, (U=31.000, P=0.673>0.05) (U=17.500, P=0.074>0.05), 鸻 (U=15.000, P=0.046<0.05) 3.2 ( 2, 3),,,,, 鸻 (43.75%),, 鸻, 鸻 ( 4, 5), Fig.3 Fig.4 3 Seasonal variation in percentage of species richness of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands 4 Seasonal variation in species abundance of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands Fig.2 2 Seasonal variation in species richness of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands Fig.5 5 Seasonal variation in percentage of species abundance of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands, 鸻,, (77.50%), 鸻 (18.42%) (4.08%);
518 45 (63.47%), 鸻 25.82%, 鸻 (33.33%), 鸻 (45.97%), 鸻 3.3 3.3.1 6640, 3784, 鸻 2856, 6 (t=0.053, P=0.958> 0.05), 19.63% 15.36% 鸻 (t=3.986, P<0.001), 76.67%,, 71.85% 鸻, 鸻 Fig.6 6 Variation in behavior composition of waterbirds in different coastal wetlands 3.3.2,, : (R= 0.286, P=0.101; R= 0.147, P=0.482), 鸻 (R= 0.437, P=0.009<0.01; R= 0.402, P=0.031<0.05), 鸻 4 4.1, (Tourenq et al, 2001),,,,,,, Ma (2004),,,,,,,, 鸻,,,,, 2 345, 鸻,,,,,, 鸻, (, 2006) (Ma et al, 2002), 45,,, 2 3,,,,,,
3 : 519 4.2 :, 鸻, 鸻,,,, 鸻, 鸻,,,, De-Boer (1996),,, 鸻 鸻, 鸻 鸻 鸻 鸻,,, 鸻,,,,,, ;,, (t=0.053, P=0.958>0.05), 鸻 (t=3.986, P<0.001), 鸻, 鸻,, 4.3 (Ma et al, 2004),, 1 2,,,,,,,, 鸻 :, 鸻,, 鸻,,, 鸻, 鸻,, 鸻, 4.4 4, 鸻 : 鸻, 136,,,,,,,,,,,, 鸻,,,, (), 5 -
520 45,,,,, 鸻, 鸻,, ;, 鸻 ( ) (, 2005),,,, ;,,,,, 2005.., 25(6): 1404 1412,,, 2009.., 29(12): 6342 6350,,, 2010.. :, 174 233,,, 2007. 50., 31(1): 37 42,, 彧, 2006. 鸻., 26(1): 40 47 Davis C A, Smith L M, 1998. Ecology and management of migrant shorebirds in the Playa Lakes Region of Texas. Wildlife Monographs, 140: 3 45 De-boer W, Longamane F, 1996. The exploitation of intertidal food resources in Inhaca Bay, Mozambique, by shorebirds and humans. Biological Conservation, 78(3): 295 303 Elphick C S, Oring L W, 2002. Winter management of Californian rice fields for waterbirds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35(1): 95 108 Gibbs J P, 1993. Importance of small wetlands for the persistence of local populations of wetland-associated animals. Wetlands, 13(1): 25 31 Green A J, 1996. Analyses of globally threatened Anatidae in relation to threats, distribution, migration patterns, and habitat use. Conservation Biology, 10(5): 1435 1445 Guillemain M, Fritz H, Guillon N, 2000. The use of an artificial wetland by shoveler Anas clypeata in western France: the role of food resources. Revue d'ecologie, 55(3): 263 274 Howes J, Bakewell D, 1989. Shorebird Studies Manual. Asian Wetland Bureau Publication, Kuala Lumpur: 1 362 Howes J, Prarish D, Melville D, 1988. Introductory Manual for Field Studies on Waterbirds. Asian Wetland Bureau Publication, Kuala Lumpur: 1 200 Ma Z J, Li B, Zhao B et al, 2004. Are artificial wetlands good alternatives to natural wetlands for waterbirds? A case study on Chongming Island, China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13(2): 333 350 Ma Z J, Tang S M, Lu F et al, 2002. Chongming Island: A less important shorebird stopover site during southward migration? Stilt, 41: 35 37 Ma Z J, Wang Z J, Tang H X, 1999. Habitat use and selection by Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis in winter in Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China. Ibis, 141(1): 135 139 Martin P, Bateson P, 1993. Measuring Behaviour: An Introd uctory Guide. 2 nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 1 222 Ogden J C, 1991. Nesting by wood storks in natural, altered, and artificial wetlands in central and northern Florida. Colonial Waterbirds, 14(1): 39 45 Tourenq C, Bennetts R E, Kowalski H et al, 2001. Are ricefields a good alternative to natural marshes for waterbird communities in the Camargue, southern France? Biological Conservation, 100(3): 335 343 Whittaker R H, Likens G E, 1973. Primary production: the biosphere and man. Human Ecology, 1(4): 357 369
3 : 521 HABITAT USE BY WATERBIRDS IN COASTAL WETLANDS DURING MIGRATORY SEASONS IN SHANKOU NATURE RESERVE, GUANGXI, SOUTH CHINA YU Chen-Xing, YANG Gang, LU Zhou, LI Dong, ZHOU Fang (College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China) Abstract In order to understand the structures and behavioral characteristics of waterbirds during migratory seasons in different coastal wetlands, a survey was conducted on waterbirds of different types in coastal wetlands in the Shankou National Natural Reserve, Guangxi, South China in March, April, September, and November in 2010 and March in 2011. Thirty-nine waterbird species, belonging to 8 families 6 orders, were recorded in natural wetlands; 50 waterbird species, belonging to 9 families 6 orders were recorded in artificial wetlands. The species richness was higher in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands. The species abundance was higher in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands in spring, and was lower in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands in autumn. There was a significant difference in percentage of foraging shorebirds between natural wetlands and artificial wetlands; shorebirds foraging behavior reached 76.67% in natural wetlands for resting and sleeping, and other non-foraging behavior in mainly artificial wetlands. The natural wetlands were an important foraging habitat for shorebirds, and herons and shorebirds used artificial wetlands as a rest area. The number of herons was not related to tidal rhythm, while that of shorebirds decreased when tidal height increased in both types of coastal wetlands. Therefore, coastal artificial wetlands are good alternatives to natural wetlands in high tide for waterbirds. Key words waterbird; migration; mangrove habitat; coastal wetland; Shankou National Natural Reserve