mayasvi

mayasvi

mayasvi

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi i

Headhunting Rites and Ethnic Relationship -the example of the Cou mayasvi in Mt. Ali.- Shuo-Fang Shao Abstract Headhunting is one of the major custom in the Cou. To explore this activity can help us to understand the social and cultural meanings further. Besides, the celebrating rites are usually accompanied the headhunting activities. Therefore, to discuss the ritual significance can help us to know what the purport of the headhunting is as well. In this essay, taking the Cou mayasvi in Mt. Ali as the example, is more than just debating the issues about both headhunting and ritual significance, but extending the discussion to the development of the ethnic relationship. As the result, we can recognize the cultural spirits and characteristics from the headhunting activity, as well as the functions of performing the mayasvi are in both integrating and reconstructing the social group relationship. And through the growing of the ethnic consciousness, the meanings of the mayasvi is transformed as the cultural preservation and the represented symbol. keyword Headhunting, Ethnic relationship, Cou, mayasvi. ii

iii 1 3 8 mayasvi mayasvi 12 14 23 28

kuba 31 36 mayasvi 38 mayasvi. 40 49 mayasvi mayasvi 54 56 mayasvi homeyaya 62 homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi 69 iv

v mayasvi 78 mayasvi 85 89 92 97 mayasvi 101

102 106 107 vi

1 (1992-1997) 17 2 29 3 29 4 mayasvi 57 5 homeyaya mayasvi 74 6 mayasvi 79 1 16 2 20 3 homeyaya mayasvi 77 4 88 vii

岀 (maŋayau 1 ) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi ( 1989b 2) 1 maŋayau ( ) ( 1989 54) 1

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya 2 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 2 (ongko no emo) ( 2004 93-94) ongko no emo ( 2004) + 2

(1) (2) (3) 岀 ( 1918 216-217) ( 2000 373-375) 岀 (1995) ( 9-10) 3

岀 ( 1995 3) gaga ( 1995 99) 4

( 1995 6-11) (1998) ( ) Robert Mckinley(1976) (headhunting) (killing) Janet Hoskins (Hoskins 1996 25) Mckinley Hoskins Headhunting and the social imagination in Southeast Asia Hoskins Berawan Pitu Ulunna Salu 5

(Hoskins1996 29-30) Hoskins mayasvi t ue Hoskins mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi ( ) Mckinley Mckinley Mckinley 岀 Mckinley Mckinley (1918) Mckinley 6

( ) (2004) pas-taai( ) pas-taai ( 2004 103) pas-taai mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1989b) mayasvi mayasvi 7

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 8

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi Mckinley mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 3 mayasvi 3 mayasvi 9

mayasvi kuba ( ) peongsi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 4 ( 1989b 12) mayasvi mayasvi 4 (1989b 12) 1985 mayasvi (yasmojuska) 10

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 5 5 11

mayasvi ( ) mayasvi ( ) mayasvi 95 8 homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 12

95 12 96 5 8 6 8 17 homeyaya 5 ( ) mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya) 6 mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi 6 mayasvi 96 2 15 16 homeyaya 96 8 8 8 14 15 13

14 (Lufutu) (Kanakanavu) (Sa arua) 7 90 ( hosa ) (Tapan) (Tufuya) (Luhtu) (Imucu) (kuba) (denohiu) / 7 ( 2001 206) ( 2001 11)

( ) 427.842 1 1000 ( ) 8 ( ) ( ) 86 6,471 3,775 ( 2.036 1,739 ) 2,696 ( 1,457 1,239 ) 6 4 987 857 1 9 ( ) 3000 4000 8 ( 2001 9-30) 9 ( 2001 199) 15

( 2001 25) 1 ( ) 16

1 (1992-1997) 81 12 770 1526 2018 3481 1623 2830 3641 6311 82 12 799 1629 2028 3529 1624 2864 3652 6393 83 12 838 1693 2037 3526 1651 2925 3688 6451 84 12 900 1786 2962 3539 1667 2969 4629 6508 85 12 913 1785 2054 3500 1701 2947 3775 6447 86 12 987 1844 2036 3493 1739 2978 3775 6471 ( 2001 200-203) ( 唣 ) ( 1957 119) (1717) ( 1717 153-175) ( ) (Mamahavana) ( Tufuya) (Lufutu) (Hosa) ( ) (1923 ) 35 ( 36 ) 17

12 5 ( ) 7 ( ) 77 78 2 17 78 3 1 10 ( ) (Tufuya) kuba (Niahosa nia hosa ) Niahosa( ) Yata uyungana( ) Yasiyungu( ) Tosku( ) Yavaiyana( Tuthusana( ) 8 Yisikiana Niauyonana( ) Noacachiana( ) Yisikiana Tosku( ) Yasiyungu( ) E ucna( ) Niauyonana Noacachiana Yisikiana kuba 11 kuba Niauyonana( ) kuba 12 ( icangyi) Tapangu no kubana( ) Noacachiana( ) Yakumangana( ) Yasiyungu( ) 10 ( 2001 165-167) 11 ( 2001 266-268) 12 18

yuozomu Peongsi( ) ( ) 169 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) 1. 19

( )1993 27 2 20

( ) ( ) 2. 83 21

( ) mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi 22

23

24 (1990) ( 1990 1-12) 1 ( 1855) ( 1894) 咏 ( 1990 2) (1894) ( ) 1 ( 1990)

(1919) ( ) ( 1912 ) ( 1990 7) (1954) 25

( 1990 7) (1950) ( 1950 19) (1980) ( 1990 23) 2 1983 1987 ( 1990 26) 35 78 2 1 26

3 1 1988 27

(hosa) audu matsotso no aemana( ) ake i matsoto no aemana( )( 1998 19) ongko no emo( ) (tso no suijyopu )( 1990 100 2004 94) ( 1995 67) (emoo) (emoo no peisia ) homeyaya peongsi( ) peongsi (mameoi ) ( 1918 188-193) ( 1918 167-179) 28

2 3 3 2 Uyongana * Peongsi * Tapangu no kubana Tapangu no fiteuana * Noacachiana Yoifoana * Yakumangana Yasakii E ucna emisi E ucna fo fou Moe oana * Yasiyungu Tosku ( ) Yulunana (2007 8 15 ) 4 3 * Peongsi Niahosa * Yasiyungu Tiaki ana Yaisikana Voyuana * Yata uyungana * Tosku Tuthusana Yulunana * Akuyayana (Niahosa ) Muknana Luheacana Yavaiyana Poiconu Yapsuyongana 1995 66 3 2 3 4 2 3 * mayasvi (Yulunana) (emenopeisia) homeyaya 29

(denohiu)( 2001 207) hnou( ) (hosa) 5 peongsi 6 peongsi hnou (emoo) hosa denohiu emoo hnou ( 1918 204-215) kuba kuba( ) kuba 5 ( 1918 194) 6 peongsi Peongsi Peongsi (Yamanaka) Peongsi 30

kuba kuba kuba kuba hufu kuba kuba ( 1995 77-91) peongsi yuozomu kuba mayasvi kuba yuozomu kuba mayasvi kuba kuba kuba kuba 31

( ) (1993) ( ) ( 1993 129-132) (taripa) 32

Michelle Z. Rosaldo 1980 Ilongots ( liget) (bêya) Ilongot Ilongot Yoifoana( ) (yoifo) 33

(1950) (1) (2) (3) (4)yuozomu (5) ( 1950 23) (1960) mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi ( ) 34

yuozomu maotano yuozomu peongsi yuozomu yuozomu popsusa( ) ( ) (keo i no popsusa) kuba yuozomu ozomu yuozomu yuozomu yuozomu kuba baebai( ) 8 7 ( 1918 218-219) ( 1972 24-25) 8 35

(1998 65) maotano yuozomu yuozomu mayasvi yuozomu yuozomu ( ) maotano kuba mayasvi mayasvi 36

(yuozomu ) yuozomu yuozomu yuozomu ( peongsi mameoi yuozomu) 37

( ) ( ) mayasvi Mckinley mayasvi 38

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 39

mayasvi mayasvi ( 1915) ( 1918) (1905) (1910) (1953) (1958) (shimotsuyonu 1 ) 1 40

mayasvi 2 eshihutu peonshii peonshii peonshii hukuo yuojyomu( ) yuojyomu ( ) ( ) baebae yono yono yono peonshii niyauyogana noasachiana yakumagana yashiyugu iyototohushinana ( ) sukayunopopususa ( ) sukayu ( ) tue ( ) shimotsuyonu shimotsuyonu shimotsuyonu smoceonu 2001 ( 1918) 2 41

( ) oajyumu tapang peonshii noasachiana yakumagana yashiyugu epusupusu tenpuna 3 朥 4 朥 (mokayo) 朥 朥 Cou Takopulan Kanakanávu Lha alua 3 4 朥 42

Cou miapo meokayo no pai mokayo mokayo no pai miokayo meyosku smoceonu 5 tapangu tfuya 6 smoceonu smoceonu smoceonu (1900) 7 (1910) 5 1 6 ( 1918) (2001 71) 7 (1900 47) 43

44 tatoujyu repongu tatoujyu Hhukuo tatoujyu ( ) (kkuvã) (sinocutsava) (vinivunu) ( ) ( ) tatoujyu

8 tatoujyu homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya (kkuvã) smoceonu mayasvi TSUOU tapangu tufuya (1) 8 ( 1910) 45

46 (2) (3) (1) (tapangu tufuya ) 9 ( ) ( ) 10 9 TSUOU ( 1953) 10 9

Tsuou (mokayo) (miyokai) (simotsuyonnu) (meoyofonnu) (sasmoyusku) 11 Tsuou kuba kuba ekuvi ( (1936) ) esfutu 12 eue eyaevi eyoasu mesi 13 kuba kuba tappan 11 ( 1958) 12 ekuvi ekubi esfutu esvutu 13 mesi 47

kuba tappan kuba ( ) hukuo hukuo iyafafeoi posonfifi kuba (sukayu) (Hamo) (Iyafafeoi) Posonfifi kuba sukayu kuba kuba kuba ( ) kuba kuba 48

( 1952) ( 1961) ( 1962) ( 1972) mayasvi meejisimehitokajo euozomu 49

14 mayasvi mayasvi kuba ( 1962 90) majasivi meesi no homejaja kuba tufuja tapaŋu 15 majasivi kuba majasivi 14 ( 1952 251) 15 ( 1961 72) 50

majasivi majasivi ( 1961 75) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1960) MÄHSI, THE WAR RITUAL OF THE TSOU (1970) mayasvi MÄHSI, THE WAR RITUAL OF THE TSOU Mähii Mähii Mähii mayasvi Mähii (1962) majasivi ( ) majasivi (1962 25) majasivi 51

majasivi meesi no homejaja (1981) mayasvi mayasvi (1981) kuba mayasvi(majasivi) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1985) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 52

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1985b 1989b 1995) (1985b) (1989b) ( 1985b 61) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi ( 1989b) mayasvi mayasvi (1985) mayasvi (MAYASUI) (MAYASVI) (1986) mayasvi 53

mayasvi 16 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 4 fiteu( )( ) kuba fiteu fkuo kuba kuba (yono) paebai 17 kuba 16 mayasvi 96 1 8 (1989b 9-13) (2007) 17 yono yono yono 54

kuba fiteu kuba ( ) kuba kuba kuba kuba kuba kuba kuba ( ) kuba (E ucna fo fou) tu e tu e tu e tu e kuba mayasvi peongsi ( ) fkuo ozomu yuozomu 55

kuba epsupsu ( ) mayasvi mayasvi ( 1961) 18 19 ( ) mayasvi 4 18 (1961) majasivi mayasvi 19 (1915) (1918) (1953) smoceonu (1958) ekuvi (1910) 56

4 mayasvi 1910 tatoujyu 1915 1918 smoceonu 1952 TSUOU 1953 kuba 1958 ekuvi(kuba ) 1960 Mähi Mähi meesi no homejaja 1961 majasivi 1962 majasivi majasivi 57

meesi no homejaja 1962 MÄHSI, THE WAR RITUAL OF THE TSOU 1970 MÄSHI MÄSHI 1972 1981 mayasvi 1981 mayasvi 1985 maiyasvi 1985 majasivi majasi- vi (MAYA- 1985 SUI) MAYASVI (MAYASVI) 1986 58

kuba ( ) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi kuba mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 59

20 mayasvi 21 kuba mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1) (2) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 20 mayasvi mayasvi 21 mayasvi( 1989b 7) 60

kuba 22 ( 1989b 21) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 22 kuba 61

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (homeyaya) mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya (1910) (1915) (1918) (1953) (1958) 62

homeyaya 1 (homeyaya) 2 (mokayo) (1952) ( 1995 6) mokajo to po okaj 缚 o to emo no ŋaŋsi puoto, ozu pukajo 1 2 63

faeva ( 1952 249) 3 homeyaya mayasvi (1910) tatoujyu (1958) kuba ekuvi kuba kuba homeyaya (1961) meesi no homejaja majasivi meesi no homejaja majasivi 8 15 meesi no homejaja majasivi kuba meesi no homejaja majasivi majasivi mayasvi homeyaya majasivi mayasvi mayasvi 8 15 8 15 kuba 3 64

mayasvi meesi no homejaja ( 1937 1947 1953a 1953b) 1995 6 (1990) (1995 67) homeyaya (1995) ( 1995 129-139) 65

homeyaya homeyaya (1989b 1995) 96 homeyaya 8 8 ( ) 8 14 15 ( ) homeyaya homeyaya 96 8 14 15 homeyaya 96 8 8 7 kuba homeyaya kuba 8 14 15 homeyaya (1989a 1995) homeyaya esfutu 4 kuba homeyaya kuba iafafeoyi( ) homeyaya 5 4 esfutu esvutu 5 mayasvi 66

tapanzou tapanzou tapanzou baidonu homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya (1995 69-72) 77 homeyaya (baegonu) tapanio 6 (bubuzu) pokajo (mono-baiisi) tapanio vomu tsip 6 tapanzou 67

monopesia( ) monopesia hifi bototsu( ) tapanzou ( ) bototsu homeyaya homeyaya (1995 72) baiisi( baidonu) 7 bototsu (E ucna fo fou) tu e tu e (Uyongana) (Tapangu no kubana) (Noacachiana) (Yasiyungu) (Yakumangana) 7 68

homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi 69

tatoujyu tatoujyu tatoujyu tatoujyu homeyaya mayasvi tatoujyu homeyaya mayasvi ( mokayo) ( smoceonu) homeyaya mayasvi TSUOU mayasvi kuba kuba mayasvi (1936 4 ) 8 8 70

kuba 9 meesi no homejaja majasivi majasivi meesi no homejaja majasivi mayasvi meesi no homejaja majasivi meesi no homejaja majasivi meesi no homejaja ( 1962) majasivi majasivi meesi no homejaja mayasvi meesi no homejaja homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi 9 kuba tappan 71

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi meesi no homejaja majasivi majasivi( 1961 75) majasivi mayasibi Takopulan ( 1953) homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 72

homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi 10 mayasvi ma easvi mayasvi ma easvi ma a e m ea svi ma easvi ( ) ma easvi homeyaya homeyaa ho me meesi yaa homeyaa homeyaya ( ) ( ) homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi 5 homeyaya 10 96 5 6 73

5 homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi ( ) ( ) kuba kuba homeyaya kuba 74

mayasvi kuba kuba mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 11 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi kuba mayavsi homeyaya mayasvi 11 mayasvi mayasvi hamo mayasvi iafafeoyi (1958) (1989b) (hamo) (iafafeoyi) (bosonfihi) 75

mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi ( 1995 88-89) homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya 76

homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi kuba kuba kuba mayasvi kuba homeyaya mayasvi 3 mayasvi homeyaya 3 homeyaya mayasvi ( ) homeyaya 77

mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1960) 78

Mähi Mähi (1981) (1989b 1990 1995) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 6 mayasvi 6 mayasvi mayasvi What Why 1. When 2.kuba 3. Where Who How kuba kuba mayasvi mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi kuba mayasvi mayasvi 79

kuba yuozomu kuba kuba mayasvi kuba mayasvi kuba yono( ) yono mayasvi 96 homeyaya mayasvi yono mayasvi 12 kuba mayasvi (1989b) tafanŋe 13 mayasvi yuozomu yuozomu mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (when) (why) kuba 12 kuba yono mayasvi yono 96 homeyaya mayasvi 13 tafanŋe tafanŋe tafanŋe kuba mayasvi tafanŋe 1988 mayasvi ( 1989b 7) 80

mayasvi kuba mayasvi (1953) (mayasvi) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi ( 1952 251-252) 81

kuba tu e mayasvi 1.. mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 96 2 15 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 14 14 94 96 mayasvi 96 8 homeyaya (97 ) mayasvi 82

2. mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi kuba kuba mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 96 4 15 mayasvi 15 15 1.ehoi 2. kuba ( mayasvi ) 3.eyao 4.peasvi no mayahe & tohpungu 5.toiso 6.nakumo 7.i ahe 8.lalingi 83

16 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 16 96 4 5 84

1 homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi kuba 1 85

( 1990a 103) kuba ( 1995 67) (emoonopeisia ) 2 ( 1995 60) homeyaya 2 (1995 61) 86

3 yuozomu Peongsi( ) Noacachiana( ) Tapangu no kubana( ) Yakumangana( ) Yasiyungu( ) mayasvi 4 homeyaya Uyongana( ) peongsi Uyongana peongsi homeyaya (emoo) 3 Yaisikana Yaisikana Voyuana Tapangu ( 1918 144) 4 mayasvi 87

(hnou) hnou (emoo) homeyaya 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( hnou) ( ) ( emoo) 4 3 mayasvi 88

homeyaya ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1918 205) ( 89

1918 205-207) Imucu( ) Tfuya Tfuya Nia-hosa Tapangu Nia-uyongana Tapangu Takopulan Lha alua Takopulan ( 1918 205) Ishbukun( ) Tavunuana( ) Tapangu Tfuya Ishbukun ( 1918 207) Ishbukun Ishbukun Tapangu Tfuya Ishbukun (1953) mayasvi Takobuanu 90

( 1918 5-6) Luhtu Imucu Tfuya Tapangu Takopulan Kanakanávu Lha alua cou( ) Kanakanávu Lha alua 40 50 30 91

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi peongsi ( ) 96 2 92

8 9 mayasvi 93

homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya mayasvi homeyaya 5 homeyaya homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi ( 1989b) mayasvi homeyaya homeyaya 5 94

homeyaya mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 8 15 (1989b 19-21) 65 66 70 76 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 95

mayasvi mayasvi ( ) mayasvi 65 mayasvi mayasvi 96 4 15 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 96 2 15 mayasvi mayasvi 96

mayasvi homeyaya ( ) ( ) 97

(1960) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi kuba mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1989b 1995) 98

mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi (1989b 19-23) mayasvi mayasvi ( 2004 67) mayaasi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 1 2 homeyaya 99

mayasvi mayasvi epsupsu 1 mayasvi 82 mayasvi 95 2 8 mayasvi 3 3 mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 1 ( 1918 130) 100

mayasvi ( ) mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi mayasvi 1993 1998 mayasvi 101

2001[1918] ( ) 1993 1985 ( ) 1985b 34 45-63 1989a 188-216 1989b Mayasvi 67 1-27 1990a 46 101-118 1990b 1995 2004 2001 2001 2000[1945] 1910 25 293 1928 102

1900 1915 1986 (MAYASVI) 8 9-21 1972 1960 9(8) 33-35 1970 MÄHSI, THE WAR RITUAL OF THE TSOU 31/32 98-103 1992 Hupa 18 1-52 1717 1985 276 32-35 1998 ( ) 1950 6 19-30 1994 ( ) 1981 63 24-33 103

2007 mayasvi ( ) 1961 6 25-106 1979 6 58-71 1953b TSUOU 1985 1990 1995 ( ) 1998 ( ) 1989 67 53-74 1962 25-28 1996 1957 104

1995 ( ) 1958 1981 1 41-42 1952 2004 1963 Hoskins, Janet 1996 Introduction Headhunting as Practice and Trope. In Headhunting and the Mckinley, Robert Social Imagination in Southeast Asia. Janet Hoskins, ed. Pp. 1-49. Stanford Stanford University Press. 1976 Human and Proud of It A Structural Treatment of Headhunting Rites Rosaldo, Michelle and Social Definition of Enemies. In Studies in Borneo Societies.Pp.92-127. George N. Appell, ed. Dekalb, Ill. Center for Southeast Asian Studies. 1980 Knowledge And Passion Ilongot Notions of Self & Social Life. NY Cambridge University Press. http://cou-kuba-hupa.myweb.hinet.net/ 105

(1894) (1990 3-4) 106

1919 107

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%e5%90%b3%e9%b3%b3&variant=zh-tw http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e9%80%9a %E5%8F%B2&variant=zh-tw 108