96% 4% 1 4% 2 endangered language Michael Krauss1922 90% 3 1 ( ) 2001 62 2 < > 2001 20 3 1996 268 1
4 5 6 7 4 2001 39 5 () 1999 57 6 () 1999 57 7 (1765) ( 1957 ) 97-101 2
8 1. a K'ak'imu e ha-e-lan i mila o topailang u kuma ii maitii ia mi-to-ku-hia-wun ai mai au ta-wu-lau uii a-luif ei lo-mi-ja-ta-tsa-hei an k'an in ki-tin-tin un takalun en ji-len-na ang ma-lang-nga ong kolonglong ap kap-long ak kap-lak-kak uk ha-ji-buk ut hut-tso 8 () 1999 60 3
2. P kaplong P' p'ulu b kibunbun b/v m maitii t takalun t' t'ok'o n kikalun l millin ts hut-tso s ha-se ta ilak j jama k kuma k' k'an g tamagilang ng topailang w kiwawi h hajinak () 1999 61 4
1. 1991 ii a eiou 1. 34 ptk 9 VCVCVCMVCMVMVECVE V C M E Va-lo a- CVmi-lin mi- CVCki-ka-lun -lun MVta-wu-lau -wu- CMVa-luii -luii MVCmi-to-ku-hia-wun -wun CVEmai-tii mai- 9 () 1999 62 5
10 11 isa rusa tumu pa rima lom kavaitya katien 1. 釛 挿 10 (1765) ( 1957 ) 97-101 11 ( 1972) 136-138 6
椀 1772143146 2. 1 Matiidebalan 1999 2001 2 Kumahyalang 3 k'an 4 k'ak'imu 5 Milamilaya 6 Milin 7 Wulawdaulau 8 Aluii 9 Lihut 10 Hiawunmidukuyawn 11 p'ulu 12 Aler 13 Ilaina 14 Mata 7
15 Nalang 16 Lalang 17 Gigagaun 18 Aka 1991 19 Ibi 20 Bulan 21 Babui 22 Loan 23 Bunran 24 Kuka 25 Bukin 26 Abiki 27 Mata 28 Lima 29 Paisub 30 Matange 31 Tatiwa 32 Kaju 33 Nai 34 Batu 35 Kahan 36 Maipa () 1999 2002 8
59 12 () 1.2. 20 20~40 40~60 60 3. 4. 5. 1. 38 10 8 20 21 4 6 11 60 20 5 5 10 40~60 2. 14 2 2 10 20~40 18 5 5 8 20 7 2 2 3 1. 14 3 2 9 2. 12 2 4 6 3.3. 21 6 4 11 4. / 11 3 3 5 5. / 1 0 1 0 4. 5. 38 9 8 21 21 5 6 10 3 0 3 0 15 6 1 8 2 0 1 1 12 language shift 200396 9
25 2 5 18 6 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 8 4 2 2 59 14 14 31 5 5 1 5 4 3 2 1 60 40~60 20~40 20 2.75 4.21 4.83 5.00 4.20 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.71 4.93 1.70 1.29 1.61 1.00 1.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 10
20 60 2.75 11
60 40~60 20~40 20 15.00%3 64.29%9 83.33%15 100%7 57.63%34 20.00%4 14.29%2 16.67%3 0.00%0 15.25%9 15.00%3 7.14%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 6.78%4 25.00%5 7.14%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 10.17%6 25.00%5 7.14%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 10.17%6 20 20.34%12 60 40~60 20~40 20 100%20 100%14 100%18 71.43%5 96.61%57 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 28.57%2 3.39%2 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 12
60 40~60 20~40 20 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 15.00%3 0.00%0 11.11%2 0.00%0 8.47%5 5.00%1 7.14%1 11.11%2 0.00%0 6.78%4 15.00%3 14.29%2 5.56%1 0.00%0 10.17%6 65.00%1378.57%1172.78%13 100%7 74.58%44 13 60 40~60 20~40 20 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 100%20 100%14 100%18 100%7 100%59 13 1999 169 13
59 14
60 40~60 20~40 20 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 65.00%13 28.57%4 5.56%1 0.00%0 30.51%18 30.00%6 71.43%1077.77%14 100%7 62.71%39 5.00%1 0.00%0 16.67%3 0.00%0 6.78%4 100%20 100%14 100%18 100%7 100%59 60 40~60 20~40 20 60 40~60 20~40 20 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 14.28%1 1.69%1 65.00%13 50.00%7 27.78%5 0.00%0 42.38%25 35.00%7 50.00%7 66.66%12 85.72%654.24%32 0.00%0 0.00%0 5.56%1 0.00%0 1.69%1 100%20 100%14 100%18 100%7 100%59 15
60 40~60 20~40 20 16
17
Candidius Rev.Georgius 14 15 16 17 14 1996 300-301 15 1996 301 16 1996 300-301 18 17 2003 116
18 19 20 21 18 ( ) 1995 446 19 1997 40 20 ( ) 1995 449~450 19 21 ( ) 1995 449~450
22 23 1995445474 24 25 22 ( ) 1995 454 23 ( ) 1995 456 24 1995 8 20 25 ( )
26 27 Amu 28 29 1998 191 26 ( ) 1998 189 27 ( ) 1998 191 28 Amu Amu 1998 460 21 29 1939
羣 羣 兑 兑 30 22 30 ( ) 1998 193
31 23 31 1995 66
1. 2. 1. 2. 24 W E
S N + 1. 25
2. 26
1. 2. 3. 4. 1000 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 27
() () 60 () F31 28
F3 F2 1 F 1 1 1851-1861 2 1789 3 1875 4 1794 5 响 1984 1. 2. 1. 2. 29
响 6 7 1761 32 30 32
1894 33 踪 31 33 1965 101
59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 27 17 9 1 1 0 0 1 26 14 4 8 1 0 1 0 26 4 32
34 35 36 37 筓 壠 38 34 1996 325 35 1961 61 36 ( 1959) 34 37 1971 69 33 38 1962 169~170
壠 1957 94~157 34
Mi Ka dafo Ko fainayan matuilocal manriage 39 40 39 1996 352 35 40 1996 56
1923 筓 36
1772 37
59 38 21 55.26% 8 21.06% 9 23.68% 38
38.10%8 0.00%0 57.14%12 4.76%1 100%21 25.00%2 0.00%0 75.00%6 0.00%0 100%8 33.33%3 11.11%1 55.56%5 0.00%0 100%9 34.21%13 2.63%1 60.53%23 2.63%1 100%38 36.84%14 63.16%24 100%38 38 14 36.84% 24 63.16% 8 38.10% 13 61.90% 2 25% 6 75% 4 44.44% 5 55.56% 60 40~60 20~40 40%8 40%8 25%2 60%12 60%12 75%6 2 2 1 3 3 3 40 2:3 39
40 2:3 40 1:3 38 24 24 69.23%9 7.69%1 0.00%0 7.69%1 15.39%2 100%13 33.33%2 16.67%1 0.00%0 16.67%1 33.33%2 100%6 20.00%1 40.00%2 20.00%1 0.00%0 20.00%1 100%5 50.00%1216.67%4 4.17%1 8.33%2 20.83%5 100%24 12 5 5 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) 40
41