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106 (2007 2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 :16,, 1 :14, 1 :11,,,,,1 :15,1 :12,,,,,,,,6 % 10-15 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Chinese and Japanese Universities Compared in Research Input and Output YAN G Jie ( I nstit ute of Higher Education, Sha nghai J iaotong University, Sha nghai 200030) Abstract : The research capacity of Chinese universities has demonstrated a marked improvement in recent years, especially of those instit utions directly administrated by the Ministry of Education. Chi2 nese universities have achieved a similar level of research inp ut and outp ut as t hat of J apanese universi2 ties. However, disparities remain in terms of total facult y research time, per capital research p roductiv2 ity, attention to basic research, and emp hasis on material as against human resources invest ment in re2 search. The article reco mmends China to co ntinue it s co ncent rated support to key universities, lower st udent2teacher ratio, increase invest ment in basic research and implement research total co st acco unt2 ing mechanism. Key words : research productivity ; inp ut2outp ut analysis ; Chinese university ; J apanese universities