2017 3 CJS 37 :, (CGSS)2005 2010 2013,,,,,,,,, : DOI:10.15992/j.cnki.31-1123/c.2017.03.007 The Size,Structure,and Development Strategy of the MiddleClassinChina LI Qiang WANG Hao Abstract:Thispaperarguesthatthe middleclasisnotthesamethingasa middleincomegroup.weshouldanalyzethesizeandstructureofthemiddle clasfromthedimensionsofincome,occupation,andeducation.basedondata fromthechinesegeneralsocialsurvey ( CGSS)itwasfoundin2005,2010, and2013thattheproportionofthemiddle-incomegroupinchinaisrelatively large,buttheproportionoftherealmiddleclasisstilsmal.themiddleclasis * 1: (Author1:LIQiang, DepartmentofSociology, Tsinghua University ) E-mail: qlee@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn ; 2: (Author 2:WANG Hao,DepartmentofSociology, TsinghuaUniversity ) ** (2015MZD054) [Theresearch wassupportedbytheresearchand ConstructionProjectof Marxist TheoryandtheMajorProgramoftheNationalSocialScienceFundofChina(2015MZD054).] 163
2017 3 moreandmoreconcentratedinurbanareasandtheeasternregion.thesocial structuregapsbetweenurbanandruralareas,andbetweentheeastern,central, andwesternregionscontinuetowiden.thedevelopmentofthemiddleclasin primaryindustriesalsoencountersgreatobstacles.thispaperarguesthatto strengthenthe middle clas,itis necesary to increaseincome,restructure industry and occupational structures, p opularize education, p romote the developmentofthe middleclasinruralareas,centralregions,and western regions,and help migrant workers getinto the middle clasthrough the upgradingofskilsandtheencouragementofindependentmanagement. Keywords:middleclas,middleincomegroup, socialstructure,,,,,,, (,2015),,, ( ),,, (2015) 25 95, 2013 25%, 2 20 ( ), 164
2007, 89.1% 1, (CreditSuise)2015 2015 5 50, 1.09, 10.7% 2,, (,2016),, (,2016;, 2016) (,2010:157-165),, ([1951]2006),,,2005 11.7%;, 21.84%(,2008) (, 2015a), 2013 19.1% (,2011:99),, (,2001),,, 1. TheRiseoftheMiddleClasinthePeople srepublicofchina, AsianDevelopment BankInstitute (htp :// hdl.handle.net/11540/2043), 2016 11 28 2. : 2000 80.7, 32%, CreditSuiseResearchInstitute (htps://www.credit-suise.com/cn/sc/about- us/ pres-release / pr-10132015.html ), 2016 11 28 165
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2017 3 2004 2009 2012 ( ), ( 1) 2004, 41.58%,, 2009,, 2012 46.02%,,,2012 18.89%, 27.13%,, 1, (2012 27.13%), 1.7,,,,, 1,2004 16.28%,2012 20.86%, 4.58,,,,,,,, 2004 2009 2012 6.23% 9.01% 11.81% 2012 7.44%, 168
1: 2004 2009 2012 17.19 13.16 18.89 24.39 20.32 27.13 2.11 2.22 3.01 41.58 33.48 46.02 56.31 64.3 50.97 2.94 4.39 4.89 16.28 17.78 20.86 80.78 77.83 74.25 : (CGSS)2005 2010 2013,,, ( ) 1.,,, 80% 1,2012, 87.75%, 91.18% 2004 2012, 3.56 2.39, :,,,,,,,,,, 169
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, 2004 2012, 0.38, (4.63 ),, 3.,, 2,, 1.45,2012 21.20%; 0.55,2012 6.06%,,, 2004,2012,,, 2,2004 2012,,,2012, 24.69%, 2.05%,,, 2: 2004 2012 2004 2012 5.51 6.06 28.57 26.82 14.24 15.14 34.27 34.53 0.55 0.44 3.63 4.60 19.75 21.20 62.84 61.35 79.70 78.35 33.53 34.05 0.81 1.01 5.21 8.32 3.53 3.93 29.96 35.74 95.66 95.06 64.83 55.94 171
2017 3 ( ) 1.,, 3,, 50% 2012, 65.77%, 55.33% 2004 2012, 15.49 14.12, 10.95 9.61, 8.40 8.37, 3: 2., 4,,2012 53.87%, ;,, 2004,2012 6.14 3.19,, 3., 10, 172
3,2012 33.37%, 7.96% 11.31%, 2004 2012 5.17 2.53 60%, 2004 2012,, 3: 2004 2012 2004 2012 2004 2012 2004 2012 4.64 5.84 0.98 0.91 0.49 1.59 0.65 1.62 24.41 33.37 13.13 7.96 13.83 11.31 11.52 12.52 25.25 32.33 22.28 22.78 24.55 21.42 27.14 30.62 49.66 65.70 35.41 30.74 38.38 32.73 38.65 43.14 45.70 28.46 63.61 68.34 61.13 65.69 60.70 55.24 3.36 8.60 2.93 2.75 2.14 2.94 3.95 3.43 19.11 33.64 14.11 12.08 14.51 13.67 17.98 19.24 77.52 57.76 82.96 85.17 83.35 83.39 78.07 77.33 4:,,,2012 30%, 2004, 2004 8.90% 7.40% 173
2017 3 6.98% 2004 2012,,,2012 25.79%, 9% ( ) 1., 60% 5,2012,64.69%,, 75.81%,,,, 5:,, (18.14%), (14.13%), (8.69%) (3.76 ), (3.64 ), (2.71 ) (20.77%), (17.30%), (13.54%) (3.18 174
), (2.70 ), (2.22 ),, 2., 6,, 2012 50.44% 63.94%,,,2004 2012 12.04 8.90,,,,2012 3.19%, 2004 2012 0.10 6: 3., 4,,, 0.25, 2004 2012, 175
2017 3,,,,, 4: 2004 2012 2004 2012 2004 2012 0.27 0.30 2.95 8.03 4.42 6.65 2.81 2.94 24.76 33.85 34.39 36.63 10.95 9.75 39.76 34.76 34.35 34.16 13.76 12.69 64.51 68.61 68.73 70.80 85.97 87.01 32.53 23.36 26.85 22.55 0.04 0.10 0.98 7.70 8.23 10.71 0.59 0.34 20.73 30.59 35.37 45.96 99.37 99.57 78.29 61.70 56.39 43.33,, 2015,2014 29.5% 29.9% 40.6%, 4.8% 47.1% 48.1% 2015,2015 50.5%, 50%,,,, 2000 2012,, 2000 11.2% 2010 9.8%,,, (, 2015b),,, 58.2%, 176
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 177
2017 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,2016),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 178
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