6.1 ( ) 6.1.1 1. θ (6-1) θ (V w ) V S w (6-) S w (V ) θ n S w 1 θ ns w (6-3) 179
6-1 ( ) ( ) p c pc = pa pw (6-4) p p 1135Pa( a ) p c p w w p a = (6-5) ( ) 6-6 γ pc pw h = = (6-7) c γ γ ψ ψ = pw γ > (6-8) H = z ψ (6-9) p H = z + (6-1) γ p p p 18
6-1 6- Richards Weaner 3 p c h c θ S w ( 6-) θ θ S w = n 6- I II C dθ dθ C = = 6-11 dh dh c C(θ ) C(h c ) 181
6-3 ( J. Bear) ( 6-3) p c h c C(θ ) θ 4 µ t 6.1. 1. 1931 Richards Darcy k K ( ) 18
k K θ S w k(θ ) K(θ ) k(s w ) K(S w ) Darcy v =K(θ )J (6-1) k k( Sw ) γ p kr ( Sw ) γ p v = ( z) = k ( z) µ γ µ γ (6-13) k k(s w ) S w k( S w) k r (S w ) kr ( S w) = k µ θ S w θ S w 6-4 ( ) A S w θ n S w 6-4 ( Wycko Botset 1936) (1-65) n θ x y z x y z t ρ (6-14) 183
(6-1) (6-14) (6-15) (6-15) Richards θ H (1) θ H z-h c h c θ (6-15) 6-16 C θ C C(θ) D(θ) [L T -1 ] D(θ) (6-16) 6-18 6-19 z z () K=K(h c ) K(ψ) C C(h c ) C(ψ) 6-6-1 184
6- (3) p p H H = z + (6-14) γ v (6-13) γ ρg θ ns w 6-3 (6-4) 185
1 H = n h c = 1 z 6-5 R(t) s(t) s() L 6-5 - 6. 6..1 186
1. ( ). Fick 6-5 c s D d [L T -1 ] 187
6.. (REV) Fick Fick I D gradc D [L T -1 ] c I I D gradc D [L T -1 ] I c D D D 6-6 6-7 D= D + D 6-8 D I I I D gradc x y z 6-9 188
6-3 6-31 D xx D yy D zz 6-6 D L D d 6-3 Peclet u d Pe I II Peclet Pe.4 5 III D L /D d α(pe) m α =.5 1 M 1. IV Darcy D L /D d βpe β=1.8 V IV Darcy 189
6-6 ( J. Bear) D ' ij α ij,km 6-33 [L] u u k u m x k x m δ Pe (Pe δ ) (Pe δ ) 1 (Pe δ ) 1 ( x ) ( ) (Pe,δ ) 1 6-34 19
α L α T D ' xx D D ' zz u x ' yy u y =u z = 6-1 6-6-1 199 6-6..3 p x y z x p t 6-35 t c t t n x y z c n x y z t 6-36 t 191
6-37 ( ) ( ) 6-38 Ω [ T] α L α T (t ) Ω c c(x y z )= c (x y z) 6-39 c(x, y, z, t) = ϕ (x, y, z, t) <t<t 6-4 Γ 1 (x, y, z) Γ 1 ϕ (1) a b v Γ 1 6-41 c () vc D = L x v Γ c Γ 1 = 6-4 x 6..4 x D xx D L x u x u (6-38) 19
6-43 6-44 c x ut ux x + ut cr = erc + exp erc 6-45 Dt D L L Dt L x/α L c x ut c y cr erc = x ute dy 6-45b Dt L π Dt L (6-45) t x c R c c(x t) D L u α L ( ) 6.3 193
(Sea water intrusion) 6.3.1 r r s s h s h s +h h s +h = s h s γ hs = h γ s γ, 6-46 γ δ = γ s γ h s = h 6-47 1.5g/cm 3 s =145N/m 3 1.g/cm 3 s=98n/m 3 =4 h s =4h 6-48 4 6.3. 1. x M H Darcy dh q = K h x ( ) dx 6-49 K=K 194
H=H K H h s =d+h(x) h s = H d+h (x)= H dh 1 dh x = dx δ ( ) dx Kh x q = ( ) dh( x) δ K qdx = h δ dx ( x) dh( x) 6-5 6-51 6-5 K 1 q x = h ( x) + C δ 6-53 K C = δ M x= h(x)=m K[ M h ( x) ] q x = δ X h x d+h (x)= H h (x)= H-d q = K δ dh [ H d ] dx 6-54 6-55 q dx = K[ δh d]dh 6-56 q x = K H dh + δ [ ] C 6-57 x= H=H 195
δ C = K H dh 6-58 Kδ ( H H ) q x = Kd ( H H ) 6-58 x=l h= d+h=d= H H=d / 6-59 d Kδ H δ d ql = Kd H δ 6-6 q H x= d+m= h KH Kd KH Kd ql = ( d + M d ) + = ( M d ) + δ δ K ( M + d ) ( ) Kd KM Kd Kd = M d + = + δ δ δ δ δ KM q l = δ 6-61. q + wx = K ( h + h ) h x 6-6 h=δh q + wx = K ( 1+ δ ) h h x 6-63 ( q + wx) = K( 1+ δ ) h dh 6-64 196
h q x + 1 wx = K δ C = K H ( 1+ δ ) ( 1+ ) + C x= h =H 1 + = ( + ) H q x wx K 1 δ H h q x + wx = K ( 1+ δ ) x=l h = ql + wl H = K 1+ δ ( ) h 6-65 6-66 6-67 6-68 6-69 6.4 6.4.1 ( lmm 1min lcm h) 197
6.4. ( ) 6-7 T [ ] C C w J/(m. ) λ J/(m.d. ) (6-71) λc λv λ xx λ yy λ zz β u v xx v yy v zz (6-7) ( ) ( ) (6-7) (6-73) (6-74) D Γ 1 T ψ w i T ψ v λv λ λ e 198
199
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[4] Roger J.M. De Wiest, Geohydrology, John Wiley & Sons., 1965 [5] Jacob Bear, Hydraulics o Groundwater, 1979 [6] C.W. Fetter JR. Applied Hydrogeology, 4th Edition, Wharles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1 [7] Patrick A.Domenico, Frankin W. Schwartz, Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998 1