Ps22Pdf

Transcription

1 ( )

2 1997, 32 (CIP) : /,, ISBN : - - TE1-53 CI P (1999) ( ) ISBN / T E2207 : 4800

3 ( 1) 10 (46) (56) (68) (86) (93) ( 101) ( 111) ( 121) ( 130) ( 142) 1 ( 153) 91 ( 168) ( 179) 81 ( 189) ( 198) ( 212) 4 ( 221) ( 227) ( 234) ( 248) ( 261) ( 274) ( 282) ( 288) ( 298) ( 302) ( 316) ( 325) ( 347) ( 362) ( 375)

4 ( ) (, : ),,,,, 1996, 2437m, 1167m/, 52m/ h, 6414d, 1990,, 294 %, 185%, 635 %,, 140 ( 70 ),, 6 ;,, 700mm,,, 2010 ;, 10,,,,,, ( ), 1 (1 ),,,,,, ; ;,,,,, F MI,, : 1, 4560m, 4695m 110m, 273m,, 1

5 , 10,, ; FMI 85, 135 (), 315,, 11, 3200m, 4692m, m 3 / d ,, 7 ( 1 ), m 3 / d , 5810m, ( 4000m ), 3,, : a; b; c; d; e,, :,,,,, ( 2 ), 440 m/, 158m/ h, 12% , 372, m 3 / d (2 ),, (3 ), mm 34m, 4010m,,, 850m 3397mm, 50000m 3 ( 3000m 3 )29 129g/ cm m ( ),, 8, 97m 3011m, 2445mm,,, 2

6 3,,,, PCC DF PMN ad F + bpcc + cd T R + d + e + f + ( ), 21 5,, mm m, 3456m, 300m 3 / d, 195g/ cm 3, 199g/ cm m, 5, 188M Pa, 36MPa, 10, ( ) (3 ), 9, 9737%, 56506m 2,,,,,, 143, ( 4, 5) 5

7 ( % ) , , 143, 129, 90 %, 14, 10 % 121, 85 % ; 86, 60 % ; 50, 35 % 5 ( t/ d ) ( t/ d ) ( ) H W H W m 3 ( ) 4 TZ47H TZ427 H TZ437 H TZ47H TZ48H

8 ( t/ d ) ( t/ d ) ( ) M H H H ,, 128, 53317m, 57503m;, 170m, 655m, 2,, 4500m 5, t, 68,,,, 7, m, m, 16 t/ d, 510, 4,, 2, 1 ( TZ417H4 ), 1026t/ d m 3, 45, 5, t/ d, t/ d, m 3 / d, 32, d 130d, , 27 65,,, : ; 7

9 ; ; ; ; ; ;,,, ( 6) m 230t/ d m m m 1000 t/ d t t t/ d TZ4 17 H4 1026t/ d m 3 45, 4 ( ) 23593m, 6739m,, 30,, m, 5, ; TZ168, 350m,, , 6 3,,, 1996, 4000m 459, 25, 8

10 (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 6000m,,,, ,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

11 ,, 50%, 180d 40d, 20 d,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ),, 1,, 12, 80300m, ,, 1/ 31/ 2, 1/ 3,,,, 65053m,, 7010m 14 5,, 100% ; ; ; ; , 18,, 9,, PVT,, 127, 91%,, t,

12 45,,, 51, % 5 7, 45, m133 ( 20 ), m, ;, 7, , 0 30m, m, m m, t t ; ( 1 ), d, d3409d22d506d 383d, 9 22C1, 3522m/ h, ;, 1991, (1 ) ; ; 11

13 (2 ), 7,,, : 1990,,,,,,,,,,, 6h 45min + + PDC, (3 ) A, 20 (4 ) 6 (1 ),,,, ( 7 ), 60, ( ) 10,,,, 7 ( ) ( ) ( ) ,, 12

14 , ;,,,,,,,,, 18, 2159mm m ( 2), 4318mm, 127g/ cm 3,

15 ,,, 1996, m801600m m m 1 31m, 4773m, 6 (3),

16 , 1000m 1900m,, 1 7,, ( )(1000m 6000 m) ;,, 235g/ cm 3 ;, Cl mg/ L mg/ L, Ca mg/ L,,,,, 1, m 93, 77810m ( 4 ),,,, (2 ),, 11 10,, ( 8) 1996, 68%, 12% ( 9) mm2127mm 15

17 ,, t/ dmm Pa 093t/ dmm Pa, 22t, 722t; 05t, # 323t, 12 % 28 % ( 10 ) ; m 3 200, 5 8t 23 27t, m 3 ( 17 ) ; t, 4116 m 3, t, (15 ), 90, 43 m 3, 26km 2, t 147, 122t ( ) 29 2, 105 m 3, t/ d, 1004t/ d, 129t/ d, 532t/ d; 8t/ d 20t/ d, 5 % 30 % t 507t % 7925 % %, 408, 8 718t, t, t 344, 2 6, 10 % t, 39 % 16

18 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( S0) ( 0 < S < 2 ) ( 2 < S < 10) ( S > 10 ) ( % ) ,, 17

19 ,,, PTA FS1 JHY F873 QS1 QS2, 100 3,, :, 7,,,, :,,,,,,,, 887%, 1925d 1097d,,, t, 200km 2, 9% m; , t, 320km 2, 18

20 7% m (10), , 14 ( 6% 10%, m ), m ( ) m 3, 1990 YD102, 20 / m 01021m 3, m , 32 m 3, 315M Pa, 351 % 991 m 3, 9225 m 3,,, ( 11 ),,, ,, m 6928 m 3, m ,,, ;,, 107,, m 6 m 3, 1190ml 60ml,,,, 57t,,, Eq ,,, 2614m, 3 5, 9 88t, 4 2,,,,, , 127mm 22043m1397mm 1330m 1778mm 35026m,

21 ,, , 60 %, 6,, 5 6 ( ) , 4500m, ( 12 ) m, 2368m/, 1039m/ h, 1990,, 445%, 362% m, 20

22 1167m/, 52m/ h, 1990,, 294%, 185% 12 (13 14 ) ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h )

23 :,,,,,,,,, PDCBDC,, PDC,,, , , 16,,, 8000, ,,, 4,, 9, %, , 1994, 4,,,,, % %, 5,, 5, 14, 3, : 2,, FMI 3777m m m,, 3, CMR ( )MDT ( ),

24 m, 9% 18%, m 2, 0818g/ cm 3, T2 33ms, 5mm, 7238 m 3, 3248 m 3, 9,, ;,,, FMI,,,,, 1, 11, 3200m,, 500m, m 3,,,,, 741,,, 741,, , FMI,, III,, 80, FMI,,,, 6717t/ d,,, 6 10, mm, : 1991 YD89, 400mm; 1993 YD127, 700mm 1990,,, ( 15, 16, 17) , 285 % , 337 % 345% 364%, 5% 8% 4 69,, , 265, t 23

25 15 ( YD89 ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( t) ( m 3 ) ( m 3 ) P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P2X P1j ( m ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( / m ) ( mm ) WD WD73400 WD73400 YD 89 YD89 YD

26 ( mm ) WD YD ( / m ) ( mm ) , 1 147,,, 147,, 147 YD89, 16 / m,, 5t ; km , 147 6, 5 5,, t, 432km 2 7,, :, ; ; ; ; ( ), 1,,,, 49, ,,,, m 3, m km 2 25

27 m 3, 7 m G t/ d, 15 16,, 140, 60%,,,, m ( 3112mm ) 3,, g/ cm 3, m (2159mm ), 40, 99566m mm, 1524mm 6194m,, 38M Pa,,,,,, (), 19603m ( 25797m), 5, m 3, 168m m 3 128,,, 1500 km 2,,,, g/ cm 3, 5 m 3,, ( 10 m 3 ),, :,,,,,, : ; ; 2,,,, 26

28 ,,, 1997,,,, ,,, 1, (1 ) 7,,, 7 (2 ),,, 8 ( ),,,, ( 9),,

29 ,,,,,, : : ; :,,,, (3 ) 10 1,, mm 1,,,,, 2060, 7585, 28 1, 101m 356m, 0 315, 80kN 630m707m, m, 1m/ h, 3 h 1m12599m kn, 175, 27m/ h 1377m 1416m, kn, , 30m/ h 1416m1463m, kn, , 30m/ h 500m, 2, 104 ( 10 ) 175, 1

30 1 : a: ; b: 53 ; c: ; d: : 1 ( < 1415m ), kn, 15m/ h1415m 180 kn,, 30m/ h, 1476m, 2, 200 kn, 33m/ h,, 1639m, 47( 9 )2( 19 ) 19 1 ( m ) ( t) ( m/ h ) ( ) ( ) ,,,,,,,, , 20,,,, ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( d) : : , 2000 m,,,, 81, 1626m, 20006m, 2756m,, 29

31 4,,, 1996, 4 ( 11 ),, 127mm, 58066m 794mm 1016mm, 5973m, 1016mm 169m,, 127mm (1 ), 1990,,,, 50 80, 80, 30

32 ,,, 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 12 ): ,,,, (2 ) ( ) : : 235 g/ cm 3 ; : 275 g/ cm 3 ; : 1835 g/ cm 3 : > >

33 ( = 150 ), ( 21 ) 21 2 ( m) ( in ) , ( 13 ), 170g/ cm 3 140g/ cm 3 13 (14) :,,,, 188g/ cm g/ cm 3 () 6,,,,,,,,, 1778mm 1397mm 14,,,, 29 32

34 14 12mm 440t, m 3 ; 24, 4mm 168m 3 7 ( H2 S CO2 ),,,,,, 1995 APR,,, 22162,,,, 22 ( m ) ( ) ( M Pa) m 3 / d, H 2 S 144 % m 3 / d, H 2 S 17 % m 3 / d, H 2 S 375 % m 3 / d, H 2 S 072 % m 3 / d, 2646m 3 / d

35 4 3SB,, R TTS, ; 1 4, Q22 APR ; 1 1, CMD APR,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ) 1,, 1982, , 17529, 90 %, : , ; 4500m 5060 ( 15 ), m 90d, 5500m 110d, 6100m 140d, m , 21052d,,, 7000m, d, d; m d ( 16 ),, 15, :,,, 34

36 16,, 4445mm,, (3 ),, 2, 5000m ERD, 7500m, 7000m ERD 2000, 10000m ( 17 ), ,, 90,, m, 4000m; m, 8035m; 1997, 8062m, 3 80, 90,, 152,, 35

37 ,,, m, PDC 1963,, 143,, , , ,, ,,,,,,, , % 100%, % 20% 30 %, 43, 128,,, ( ),, 14,, 1,,,,,

38 , ; 1 115g/ cm 3, 09093g/ cm , 32, 60%,, 2,,,,,,,,, , 22, 19681m 3 8, m , : 1,,, 4445mm, 16m,, 30440m,, 10 ( ) 850m ( ) m 3, 0850m 177d, 127d mm,,,,,,, 834d 2 117g/ cm m, 318min/ m 38min/ m, 2m 3 120g/ cm 3,,,, 119g/ cm 3, 120g/ cm 3, 147g/ cm 3,,,,,,,, m, 127mm 6m; m, 1000m 3 ; m 20, ; m 153g/ cm 3, 155g/ cm 3,, 3,,, ( 85 ),,,, 37

39 : 2 > >, 311mm m, 406mm 297mm, g/ cm 3,, ,,, 120g/ cm g/ cm 3, 3112mm,, 33d, 2445mm (1846m), 075m/ h, 264m/ 4, ( 6, 9 ), 100m/ h, 04m/ h: mm 068m/ h, 270d;, 142m/ h105m/ h, 495d m, 0478m/ h, 3088m 5, 16986m, 55, 1190, ; 5580 ; 20 ; 6090, 2030 ; ; 1520 ; 1134 ; ,,,, : 1 58, 3111mm 2320m, 215mm 2964m, 4050kN, 0208m/ h, 9,, 6, 1 5,, 4 ( m ),, 1016mm,,,, 38 7, 30,

40 8%,,,,,,, ;,,, 8,,,,, ( ) 1 ( ) 231g/ m 3, 3 ( ) 244g/ m 3, 4 () 4006g/ m 3, 63 () 49149g/ m 3, 12 ( ) 987g/ m 3 2 1,, m (G105 ), 19, 80 kg, 272d 9, ( m), 1 200m, 1702m, 4445mm 05m/ h604m, 300m, 20d m, m, 50mm, 3792m,, 73838m1879m1881m ;,,,, m 20, 24d 10 : 4445mm,,,, 4445mm, 4445mm 2159mm 35%,,, 4445mm,,,, 2159mm,,, ( 23, 24),,,, ( 25, 19, 20) 39

41 23 ( mm) (cm 2 ) (cm 3 / m) ( % ) ( kn) ( kn / cm 2 ) ( r/ min ) ( % ) m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( m/ s) ( k W) ( kw/ cm 2 ) ( % ) ( % ) : 127mm 125g/ cm 3, 15m Pas ( M Pa) ( kg) ( mm 3 ) ,,, ( 26 ) 40

42 m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( mm) ( mm ) ( MPa) ( M Pa) : 125g/ cm 3, 15 mpas 11, 508mm 33973mm24448mm1778mm127mm ( 1397mm),,,,, mm 28, 8, 29%, 1000m 10, 80% , 5, 43d,, 1, 124M Pa, V150P110 NKT140,,, 1 1 BAKER, 8MPa, 41

43 ,, mm, 1 127mm, mm,, 1778mm,, 23, 95m,, mm ( mm ) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( m ) ( m) , , , , ,

44 28 ( mm ) ( m) ( d) m m m m 127 mm m m 134 m m m m,,,, 50,,, 13,,,, 14,, :,,, ; ; ( 29 ) 29 ( m ) ( ) ( ) ( d) ,,, a. ; 43

45 b. ; c. ; d. a. ; b. ; c. ; d. ; e. a. ; b. ; c. ; d. a., ; b., ; c.,, ; d., a. ; b. ; c. a. ; b. ; c. ; d. ; e. a. ; b. ; c. a.,, ; b. ; c. ; 44

46 d. ; e. a. ; b. ; c. 1 a. ; b. ; c :,,!, : 45

47 10 (, : ) () 1986, , 11, 8,,, 8 1 (1, 1950m ), 7 : ( m) ( ) ( d) ( d) / ( m) m 3 / d m 3 / d ,, 10,,,,,, ;, ;,, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 46

48 ,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, 10 : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 10 ( > 20g/ cm 3 )( > 150) 10, 6 ( ), :,, 47

49 ,, 508mm3397mm2445mm1778mm 127mm (1778mm 127mm ),, ( ),, 1, 6500m, 2127mm 6406m, 1778mm 1778mm 6403m, 6131m,,, 1778mm 295m 1778mm, 1778mm 127mm,, 2445mm,, 1778mm, 9,,, 1778mm, 2127mm, 1778mm 19446mm, 9mm, g/ cm 3,,, mm 1778mm mm 127mm,,,,,,,, (1778mm ),, 5,, 5200m, 127mm,,, (),,,,,,,,, 80, 80, ( CPAMCHMSP2 ) ( NW1CSW1 ), 1 97, 4674m, 6326m, 569 %, Ca mg/ L, 181g/ cm 3 160g/ cm 3,, 129cm99cm14cm, 637 %, 48

50 Ca 2 +,, m,,, 11217h,,,,,,,,,,,, 10 1, ( 2080 ),, 650m 707m, ,, 1175m 425, 12599m 175,,, 3397mm,,, ( 10),,, 1, : ( 4445mm) 6000m, 1500m 4500m, 1500m,,,,,,,,,, ( 6070r/ min), ( )9 1, : + ( mm ) ATJ22 ( ) R437 ( PDC) S248 ( TSP ) ( m ) ( m ) ( h ) ( m/ h ) ( % ) ( kn ) ( r/ min ) ( 6070 ) + ( ) ( M Pa) ( L/ m ) ( g/ cm 3 )

51 + ( mm ) S248 J519 ( mm ) ( m ) ( h) ( m/ h) ( % ) 6087 ( k N) ( r/ min) ( MPa) ( L/ s ) ( g/ cm 3 ) , ( ) TSP,, 60% 70%, 2,,,,,,,, 1, 4800m, 6000m,,,,,, 5286m, 6000,,, m, 5500m, 5808m1 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 50

52 ,,,,, ;,,,,, 1997 :,,, 10,,,,,,, 51

53 : 6 :, ;, ; API,, ; ( ) ( ) ; ;,,,,,,,, 1 1A 1B, ( mm 1778mm, mm 127mm ),,,,, 12, : 2, 1 (2) :, ( 5200m, 200, 100M Pa), 3 2, 2413mm 1778mm 1937mm,, 1937mm 1651mm 127mm, 1778mm 1524mm 1143mm,, 2413mm 2159mm 52

54 3112mm 2731mm, ;, mm, 2731mm 3302mm 3366mm, 2731mm m 80kg, 4000m, 320t, 6000m 450t, ;, 60t ( 2 ),,, : 3, 1 (4) :, 1 2,, 960L1 ( 5) 53

55 54

56 5 55

57 (, : ), 20, km 2, , 687, 411, 598 %, m 3, m 3,,, 4568m, (4062m) 506m, 408m/, ( 430m/ ) 539%, 145m/ h,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( 85 ),,,,,,,,, 30 85, 2030,, 2445mm 1864m, 264m/, 076m/ h (32d) m ( 5810m), ( 6, 9 ),, 100m/ h, 04m/ h,, ( ) 1, m,

58 2500m,,, 2,, ,, 3,,, 06 10g/ cm 3 (1 ), m211040m, g/ cm mm 48, m 3, 3650m 60, ( ) 1(14 ), :, ( ) 100;, ;, , ;, 120 2,,,, 6 170g/ cm 3, 61, 233g/ cm g/ cm 3, 155g/ cm 3 ; 60, 190g/ cm 3, 59 3 ( ) : 1 231g/ m g/ cm g/ m 3 ; : g/ m 3 ; ( ) : g/ m 3 ( ),,, 22, 28 ; 7, 52, m, 57

59 58

60 , 50m,, m () ( 85 ),,,, 30,, 20,,,,,,, ;,,,, ,,,,, ( ) 1,,,,, 1, 4560m, 4695m, 110m, 273m, ( ), m,, m 3 / d A 8,, 5, m 3 / d(1 ), : 71 ( KOP ) 4000m, 5810m; mm 3278m, 127mm 5809m, m; 1, 5625m, m; ,,,, 1992, 17 ( 2), 440m/, 158m/ h, 12 % , 4500m, 882m, 662m/, 209m/ h, % 144% , 3465, m 3 / d 59

61 ( ),,, 10 10,, 1, 2 123g/ cm m ( ), 7, 19420m 3326m ( 3 ), 2445mm 1 329, 2,,, ( 3) 3 ( kg/ m 3 m 3 ) ( kg/ m 3 % m 3 ) ( t) ( t) DT R ( ) DR T ,,,,, : mm 286m, 112g/ cm 3 131g/ cm m21104m, g/ cm 3,, 46d 20,, g/ cm 3 ( ),, 1,, 62

62 (1 ) mg/ L 6 8mL Pa/ mpa s 1530Pa 2040Pa 30 40g/ LpH 9 95 (2 ) 1800mg/ L 150mg/ L 2% 3% 6mLpH 995 2,,, ( 4) 4 ( ) < > ( ) 1, 50 % 65, 20 %, 2 10%, ( ), 3 17, CPFCUD ASC, ( ), 160g/ cm 3, 240g/ cm 3,,, 18205, m, 244m/ h mm 3FW175, 317m/ h ( ),, 63

63 ,, 9763%, m, 9, 9737% (5) 5 ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( m/ h) ( m/ ) DQ DQ ( ) ( ),,,,,, 1HOMCO,,,, 1 9 ( 6) 6 HOMCO ( ) ( m ) ( g) ( ) mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

64 ,,,, , ( ),, (, 3397mm m (1 )2445mm 4418m (1 )1778mm 4968m (64 )1778mm m ( 71 ) 127mm m ( 71 ),, 98% ( ),,,,,, ( 7) ( m ) 7 ( 10 4 m 3 / d) ( 10 2 m 2 ) ( m ) ( M Pa) ( 10 4 m 3 / d) ( 10 4 m 3 / d) ( ), g/ m g/ m

65 987g/ m g/ m 3 : APR APR,,,,, ( ),, CT34,,,, ( ),, : 3397mm 2445mm1778mm 127mm 508mm3397mm2445mm127mm, 2159mm 105mm 2445mm1778mm, 127mm, 105mm, 2445mm 3, 1778mm ( ), 127mm,, ( ),,,, ( ), ( ) ( ),, 66

66 [1 ], 1995 ( 3) : 1215 [2 ], 1989 ( 1) : 1821 [3 ], 1996 ( 2) :

67 (, : ) 4445mm,,,, :, PDC,,,,,,, m/ ; m/ h; 8505% 8629% 8549% 8712% 8504%, 1994,,, 1995, 1997, ,,,, :,, ; 4445mm,,,,,,,,, :,,, KL3 68

68 ( m ),, 05m/ h, ; TAI201 ( m) 1,,,,, 1 ( m) ( MPa) YH YH YH YH YH YH YH YH YH > 6 6 YH , KL3,, m m, 1650m, 30 %, 311mmR535 YH4 YH m 2551m, 278m/ h, YH m 157m, 052 m/ h, m 185m, 029m/ h,,,, KL3 DQ5,,,, 1997 PDC, 2 TAI201 TAI2 TAI mmG535 TAI2 3 PDC 8 (92345m), TAI h 53min, 087m/ htai mmG h, TAI h, TAI2 311mmG535 33d, 1275 / h, 101, 53, TAI mmG447 TAI (105721m), 051m/ h, 71d, 217, 69

69 38 TAI201, PDC HQ2TB1 TZ43, 311mmR535NA ( G526 ), 3, m, 4 311mmR535N m TB1,, 2 TAI201 TAI2 ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m/ h) T AI/ 2 T AI/ 201 N 12K N 1j E N 1j mmR mmH517 A m mb mmj mmS mmj mmH517 A mmb664 N mmS mmG m mg (311mmG526) ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin) ( m/ h) ( m ) 1 TAI N 2k HQ N 12k TB Q TB N 1j PDC,, : ( CSE) ( SEC) ( ECP ),, 70

70 ,,,,,,,,,, : PDC,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, (127mm 2000kN ),, 375%, ( 1500 h),,,,,, ;, 3m 3 / d;, 100kN,,,,, E,,,,,,,, 4 4,,,, 1000m,,,, 52,,, m, 90; m, ; 1, 3903m, 3834m 72,, 71

71 4,,, 1250min/ m, min/ m,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;, m, 10cm,, 1200kN, 152mmJ33 1,,, 1020min (0102m) 45m,, m, ,, m, ,, 1100kN 1700 kn, 3917m3928m3971m399988m,,,,,,,,? 4 165g/ cm 3, 1 235g/ cm 3, 145 g/ cm m, 2445mm m, m, 113g/ cm 3, 405MPa, 217g/ cm 3?,,, ;, g/ cm 3, 190g/ cm 3 173g/ cm m,, 182g/ cm 3, 3928m, 190g/ cm 3, m,,, kn 48min, g/ cm 3, 3959m 214g/ cm 3, 3971m 215g/ cm 3, 3998m 221g/ cm 3,, 221g/ cm 3, kN, g/ cm 3, 11,,, 17h 82h, 235 g/ cm 3,,,,,,, 72

72 ,,, 4 30min, 1 10min, 01m,, 20min, 45m, 1 56h, 1113h2030h, 50h 4 13h,,,,,,,, 1,,,, m, Ca mg/ L 760mg/ L,,,,,,, 70s 100s,,,,,,,,, g/ cm 3,,,,, m, 220g/ cm 3, m, 200kN 80 kn, 205M Pa 6MPa,,, 400 kn,,, 1, 4304m, m,, 120kN 40kN, 15MPa 4MPa,, 1200kN 1800kN, 2600kN, 7,,, :,,,,, KCl,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, : 73

73 a., b., c.,,, 0102m, 1020min, ; 68h,, d.,,, e., 2m, f., 100, 150,, g.,,,, h. 1min i.,, j.,, 1 k.,,, ( ) l., m., 12h,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , 6100m, , m 1524mm,, m 4, 4 (5 ) : ( m ),,,, ( 112g/ cm 3 ), ( 8m 3 / d ),,,,, 126g/ cm 3 137g/ cm 3,,,,,,, 74

74 ,,, ( ) ( m ) ( m) m 100kN, m 54 min, ( ) 25 min 152 m 3 diesel + 5 pipelax - w + 4 m 3 6 m 3 diesel + 5 pipelax - w + 30 m 3 10/ 36s 121/ 59 s ( m), m 52 min 13 m 3 diesel + 10 pipelax - w + 5m 3 130/ 46 s m, 1 2h10min 2min,,, 13m 3 diesel + 10 pipelax - w + 5 m 3 8 m 3 diesel + 7 pipelax - w + 3m 3 113/ 45 s 119/ 46 s m, 55476m, 1h37min 1700kN ( 1450kN ), 132m 3 diesel + 7 pipelax - w + 5 m 3 117/ 41 s,, 1, 6500m,, , , 6150m, mm, m, 75

75 2 1,,,, m m, 193, 204g/ cm 3, 206g/ cm 3 ; m ( ), 187, 189g/ cm 3, 191g/ cm 3,, 4 25, 3023m,,,, 11865m 3, 396m 3, 477m 2445mm 2159mm, 2445mm m, 187, 190, 2159mm, ( 002g/ cm 3 ),, 3 26, 14, m,,,, 4700m 308d, 623m 3, 266m , 5800m, g/ cm m, 57min 5min,,, 1005m 3,, 138g/ cm 3,,,, m, ; m,,,,, 76 7,, 138

76 140g/ cm 3, 152g/ cm 3 7,,, 465m 3 / h, m,,, (, 80m 3, Cl mg/ L ),, m, 3 1,,,,,, g/ cm 3, 34m 3 / h,,, g/ cm 3 ;,,, 16% ;, 2730m, 25%, 145g/ cm 3, 143g/ cm 3,,,, , m, 6 8, 6 13,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ( ),, 77

77 , :,,,,,, : 508mm 3397mm2445mm1778mm,, 1778mm, 127mm,, 3397mm2445mm 1778mm, 127mm, 1048mm,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,, ; 1,,, 2,,,,,, 78

78 3,,,, : Cl mg/ L,,,,,,,,,,,, Cl mg/ L,,,,,,, ;, ( ),, 127mm 105mm mm,, 4445mm,, 4445mm 5,, , mm, m, 10 19, 225d,,,,,,,, ( 5060 ), 1 ( 2 ), mm, m, 4 25, 152d,, ;,,,, ( 30 ),, 4, 6100m, , m, 9 14, 54d,, 100min/ m, 350min/ m m, 322m, 73m,,, 50120kN, 1, 4800m, 79

79 mm, ( m ), :, 55, 69, 21246m 3, mm 6, : mm ( m ) ( m ) ( ) ( m) ( hmin ) ( m/ h) ,,,, ;,,,,,, 4445mm,,,,,,,,, PDC, ;,,, ;,,,,,, :, 7, TAC1 6000m m/ h 7 ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m/ h ) ( g/ cm 3 ) 216mmH617 A mmH637 A TAC1 216mmH617 A mmH637 A mmd

80 ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m/ h ) ( g/ cm 3 ) JF 311mmH517 A m mh TZ 311m mg ,,,,, TZ162, m, 855 %, 3839m, 111g/ cm 3,, 129 g/ cm 3 24m 3,,,, H2 S , m, 25m, 8m 3,, 115g/ cm 3, 10MPa, 10 12MPa, ,,, 116g/ cm 3, 150MPa, 10MPa, H2 S 40mg/ L,, 7075M Pa, 910M Pa, ,, H2 S,, g/ cm m 3, 1648m 3,, g/ cm 3,, 13M Pa,,,, TAC1 6370m 140, 7000m 150; TZ162, 5452m 124; TZ m 128, TAC1,, 10m 3, H2 S TZ162, H2 S, H2 S 684mg/ LH2 S ( 7mg/ L),, H2 S,, TZ162 H2 S H2 S,,, ph,,, :,,, 7 TAC1 216mmD331, 037m/ h, TZ43 311mmG m, 194h10min, 1252m/ h,, 145h10min, 11221m (7 ), 229m/ h, 81

81 ( M ) PDC (Z ) PDC PDC,, ( 40 70kN) (7080r/ m),, ; (6080kN) ( r/ m ), ; ( 90120kN) (7080r/ m),,, TAC1 172g/ cm 3, 8, 17,,, g/ cm 3 H2 S, H2 S H2 S, TZ162 H2 S 111g/ cm 3, H2 S, 128, H2 S 135g/ cm 3, H2 S,,,,,, SPC MHR86 ( ) 130, 4 10m 3,,,,,,,,,,, 8 JF128, 13%,,, 8 JF128 ( mm ) ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( m ) ( m 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) , , , ( m) ( N1j EKJT CPDOTAnz ),,, 82

82 ,,,,,,,, 216mm 213mm, m, m, 959%, m, 71392m,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 701 1,,,,,,,,, LX4,, 1, S278 1m ; YD2 35m1m 1990, LN12 250m, 149mm 12, 1647m, 573m, 35 %,,,,,, :, ;, 115mm; 8mm; : 3040kN, 4555r/ min, 11L/ s; 1020kN 03m,, 02m,,,, LX4 JF126 JF127 YM201, ( 9) 9 ( mm) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) P ( ) P ( ) L N P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) 83

83 ( mm) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( ) L X ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) J F P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) J F ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) P ( ) YH P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( ), 5, :,,, : a ; b ; c,, 2030min,,, JF :,, ;, 03m, 84

84 ;, 03m,, 100kN,, 100kN,,, :,,,,,, TZ12 YT6, ( m) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) TZ O YT J, T ,,,, 1986,,,,,,,, 1997 PDC,,,,, H2 S,,,,,,, 85

85 (, : ),,,,,,, m,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, : 4445mm, 3397mm ; 3112mm, 2445mm ; 2159mm, 1397mm,,,,,,,, ( ), m, 4445mm m, 5000m 4445mm m, m,,, 3112mm, 24m/ h, 4445mm, 12m/ h,, 1m/ h, 05m/ h m, 16986m mm, 86

86 3088m, 0478m/ h (1 ) mm 4445mm m 3088 m 6467h 0478m/ h 55, 3112mm 1, 4445mm P1 P2 P3, XHP2 XH P3, 4445mm,,, 4445mm, 2,, 4445mm 3112mm, 4445mm 1m 3112mm 207%, 2159mm 424% 2 2, 4445mm ( ) 3112mm 50 %, 2159mm 35%, 4445mm 002, mm 4m/ h, mm 2m/ h,, 4445mm 3112mm,,,,, 2 ( mm) (cm 3 / m ) ( kn ) ( kn/ cm 2 ) ( r/ min) ( k N/ cm 2 r/ min ) % % % % % % 3, 4445mm 3112mm 429%, 2159mm 106%, 4445mm 3112mm 204, 2159mm 424,, 50 L/ s, 4445mm 127mm,, 87

87 , 4445mm, 3112mm 1/ 4, 2159mm 1/ 9 (3) 4445mm,,,,, m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( m/ s ) ( kw ) ( k W/ cm 2 ) % % 416 % % 175 % : 127mm, 125g/ cm 3, 15m Pas 4,,,,,, 5,,,,, ( ),,, 4 ( ),, 4, ( ) 0MPa 45MPa, 10, 23 ( ),, 4 ( MPa) ( kg) ( mm 3 ) ,,,,,,, ( ) 2159mm, 1397mm 127mm (2159mm, 127mm ), 1775mm 1492mm,, 88

88 ,,, (),,,,, (, ), ( ),,, ( ) 4445mm,, 4445mm PDC,,,,,, 4445mm 3112mm 7874kN/ m, 350kN, 4445mm, 4445mm,,, r/ min,, 127mm, 5060L/ s, 1397mm 1683mm, m,, m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( mm) ( mm ) ( MPa) ( M Pa) g/ cm 3, 15m Pas 89

89 ,,,,,,,,, H UGHES ATX 200r/ min, ATM r/ min, MAX 350r/ minsmith MF3H r/ min, M2SD 70280r/ min, ( r/ min),,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, PDC,, :,,, m, 2550m/ h,,, H136 H216H137H217, H537, 89mm 127mm,, 1397mm,,,,,, m 89mm 127mm, 127mm 89mm, 69mm 2729L/ s g/ cm 3, 7090MPa, 50%, 90 ( HJ517 HJ537)

90 (GA517 ) (GJ135), ( r/ min), ( ), 2159mm 30 % 60 %,,, kN/ m, 2159mm kN/ m, 2159mm,,, 80100h 1524mm, 2159mm,,, 2159mm 1524mm 1175mm ( ),,,,,,, 3112mm, 4445mm3112mm2159mm,, 2159mm, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2159mm,,,,, PDC,,,,,,,, 91

91 ,,,, 1683mm, 1397mm 127mm 127mm,,,, 25MPa,,, [1 ], 1996 ( 4) : 5355 [2 ] () ( ) :,

92 (, : ) (, : ) 1, mm,, 1,,,,,, :,,,,,, 2060, 2085,,, : ; ;,,, 1,,,, 1 231,,,,,, ( ),,, 93

93 ( ),, ; ; ;, ;, ; ( ), :,,, : ; ; ; : : ; : ( ),,, ( ) 1 ( 4445mm ) 1 101m 356m, 0315, 8t 630m707m, m, m, 1m/ h, 3 1m1, 1155m (425 ), 12599m, m (175 ) 1820t, 175, 27m/ h1377m 1416m, 20 22t, , 30m/ h1416m 1463, 2223t, 12505, 30m/ h, 8t 23t,, 500m, 175, 2, 104 ( 12 1 ) 94

94 1 1 ( m ) ( m) ( t ) ( h) mm ( ) ( t ) ( m ) ( h) ( m/ h ) ( % ) ( ) 1 ( 3112mm ) m m, 16, 56t, m, m 6t 20t,, 3300m, 1 ( 23 3 ) ( ) 231,, , m ( 0 ) 231,, 275, m/ h 1600m, 231,, 95

95

96 (3112mm ) ( ) ( m) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( kn ) ( r/ min) ( m ) ( ) ,,

97 ( ) ( m) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( kn ) ( r/ min) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( )

98 ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) ( ) , 53,, :,,, 2 1 ( < 1415m ), 10 12t, 40 min1415m 18t, 20min, 1476m, 2, 20t, 18min,, 1639m, 4 10( 9 ), 2( 5) 5 1 ( m ) ( t) ( m/ h) ( ) ( ) ,,,, ;,,,,, 99

99 ,, 1,,,,,, [1 ], :, 1990 [2 ],, 1993 [3 ], :,

100 (, : ), 5,,, 5, 6,, 3000m,, t m 3, 1910, m, t, 5 % ; m 3, 143% km 2,,, :,,, 79955, 32, 89302m, t 3,,,,,,, , 25, 70660m3 16, t, 40 52% , 9, 34109m,, ( ), 1994,,, mm 101

101 m, m, m; P110, 1199mm,,,, ;,,, ;, ,,, ( m ) ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( kn ) ( r/ min) ( L/ s ) ( M Pa) ( hmin ) ( m/ h) ( ) ( m ) m, t, m m4445mm 7030m 3112mm,, : ; (2263m )(103m/ h) ( ) , + PDC,, 102,

102 ,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,, 1 2 ( 463, 2535 ; 134, 1525 ),, 4, 30 (93m ) : mm mm ( 78m ) + 214mm mm + 127mm ; : m; : 60180kN; + 214mm + 127mm 103

103 : ; : m/ h ( m/ h ) m/ h; ( m/ h) ( ),,, 95% 1996, , 882m, 8267m, 9373 %, 100%, ( ), 3 1, 2000m 1026m, m,,,,, SMPSMCPFCSMT FCLS, SMP2SMCPFCSMT ( FClS) NTA, 4000m 14, 5000m 3, 2,,,, NH4 HPANHT201, 3 (1 ),, ph,, ( SMPH UCCHSPXY27 ) 104

104 85%, HTHP < 15mL, ph < 9, (2 ), 118, 150, 155g/ cm 3, m, 82m 3 / d; m, 260m m 3 (3 ),, m, 141g/ cm 3 157g/ cm 3 ; m, 124g/ cm 3,, 34mm9 3031m,, g/ cm 3,, 3169m, 181m 3, 6M Pa, 49MPa30min, 00015MPa/ m,, 8mm m 3 984m 3, ( ), , 100%, 100% m,, g/ cm m 35566mm, 1074% 2445mm : 240g/ cm 3, 298min ( 9569MPa), API 35mL/ 30min (7M Pa), 24h 31M Pa ( 130), 48h 167MPa (90), :, 5m 3,,, : V = Qt60 - V1 - V 2 V, L ; 105

105 Q, L ; t, min; V1, L ; V2, L,,, 839% ; 964%,, 1000,, 2772m2786m GFP , 3MPa;, 3 10M Pa ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) < MPa, 30min, m, 9, mm 3859m 2,,, 4445mm 3397mm 1803m, 3112mm 2445mm 3492m, 2159mm 1778mm 4302m m, 2159mm 4439m, 1778mm ; 49 ; 156g/ cm 3,,, 3,, ,, 106

106 ,,,, , ,,, 127mm 1778mm 28 5, 3712m 33 (), 100% 728 % ( ), 3 3 ( m ) ( / ) ( m/ h ) ( m/ ) ( d) ( d) , 4000m,,,,, ( ),, : 1 ( g/ cm 3 ) 96043m96341m,, 1267m, ( 170 g/ cm 3 ), 87954m, 400m m, ( 188g/ cm 3 ) 85d17h20min, m,, 5125h m 1607m, 4445mm 24, 136m/ h 107

107 ( ),,, ,, 4500m, 25,, 2900m 4060 kn, 13, 0610m/ s, , 4200m, , 3397mm 330m; 24447mm 2315m, 2050kN, 0208m/ h, 9, 538m/ ( ) 1,, 1,, 4500m 1200m, 50mm 3792m,, m 20 ( 11, 6, 3 ), 569 h100160kn, 118r/ min ( ), :,,,, 30% 60%,,, ( 22% ), m 2 ) 6923%,, ( ),, : ; ; ;,, 108

108 , 85%, M Pa/ m ( ),,,,,,, ( ) : ;,, : ( ), 51, , 27 :, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ;, ; 3000m,, ;,,, ( ),, ;,,, ;,,,,, ( ; ;, ),,, 109

109 ,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ;, 110

110 (, : ),, 91 15, 76,, 8,, 454, 6009, m, 112, 289, m,,,, 1996, t, m 3,,, 91,, ( ),,, 1,, Filliphono,, 1 1 ( m) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( % ) 2 J J J C C J J C

111 ( m) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( % ) 3 J C C J J C , 2592%, 048 % 2,,, 2 2 ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) J 1s J 1b C C C C C J 1s J 1b C C C , 194% 870 %, 444%, 3,,,,,,, 3,, 4,,, 112

112 ,,, 3 ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) T P 2W T T T T T ( ),,,, PDC,, 45 PDC, 6,, 27% 3384%, 1659%, 4 3K d < 4 4 K d < 5 5 K d < 6 6 K d < 7 7 K d < 8 8K d < 9 5 PDC ( m) ( s ) PDC K PD4HS R J 2X J 2X J 2X J 2X PD5 R437 B27m J 1b J 1b T 3b T 2K PD5 R437 B33m 113

113 6 K 1 3Kd < 4 ATJ05A T M05 J11 AT J11A T M11 J 2X 4Kd < 6 ATJ11X22 J22 A TJ22 J 1s J 1b 5Kd < 6 J22A TJ22 A TM22 J 3b T 2k 3Kd < 7 J22A TJ22 A TM22 T 2K C 8Kd < 10 A TJ22X33 ATJ33A T M33 J33, ( 1821MPa), m, m/ 049m/ h,, ( ), , :,,,,,, 9, 5, 7733,, ( ), 2 7, : HW101HW702, m, 4 HW101,, HW702,, : a ; b ; c ; d; e ; f; g ; h ; ; j; k i, ,,

114 ;,, 7, / 30m, 550m, 85, 5016m, 100%,, ( ),,,,,, 2445mm 3090,, KCl,,, 8 6 7, 1706m, 1010, 330, 23795mHW902, 255t/ d, 57,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23, 20% 30%, 20% 30%, , 10, 115

115 ( ) 2 2, 2,,,,,,,, 2 2 ( ) : ;, ;, ;,, ;,,, ;,,, 4, 192, 706, 588, 326, 37, 70%, 20089,, 2886, ( ) G G 8 : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 8, 2000 ml : 250mL ( 30min7MPa) ; 50mL (30min7M Pa) ; 20mL (30min7M Pa) n > 075, G 189g/ cm 3 225g/ cm 3 240g/ cm 3, 100, 1593, ( ) 140mm,,,,,, 127mm, 165mm, 140mm,, mm,,

116 ,,, 5, 2000m, 10, ( ), 215mm, 125mm, 290 5, 9564m, 98%, 100% ; 5306m, 986%, 100%, 978 % 5, ( ),,,,, 1000m 3,, 3600m,,,, 2/ 39/ 10,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1997, 2000, 2000,, ( ),,,,, 1500,,, QCX1 ST1ST2,, 42t/ d, 40%, ( ) MMH, MMH,,

117 , 200, MMH,, 800, 1996, ( ) 4 4, 1991, , 242,,,, 260g/ cm 3 SMP1SPNH, 10% KCl FA367,, XY27, 502g/ cm 3,, 256g/ cm 3, ( ) 4 4, 4, 2952m, 255g/ cm 3 4, 502g/ cm 3, D600D604D135D144 H,, 6, 270g/ cm 3,, 252g/ cm 3,,,, ( ) MTC MTC,, T8839, 3200m, 1397mm, 180g/ cm 3,,,,,, , 3 3,,,,,,,,, ( ), 4500m,,,,, 4, 137m/ h,,,, 118

118 ( ),,,,,,,, 2100m, 4445mm, 4, 4445mm m, 108d, 7, 39m/ h, ( 311mm) 93m/ h, ( ),,, 23255g/ cm 3,,,, 255g/ cm 3, ;,,,, ( ), 2 : > >, m, 1 4, 200g/ cm 3,, ( ) ( m),,,,, 1, 500m, 266m/ h, 505m 3,,, ( ),,,, m,,,,,, ( ),, ( 4 ),, m,,, 2, 1630m,,,,, 119

119 ( ),,, : ; ; ; ; ;,,,,,, 18,,,, 8,,,, 120

120 (, : ) (, : ),,,, 311mm,,,,,, , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, t, t, , , m 3192m, 5037m ( 2 ), 944m (1 ) ; 92d, 97d; 1247m/ ; 316m/ h; 8541% ; 4006% ; 414% ; 336% ; m, m, 9574% ; 9858% ; 100% (12 ) 1 ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( m) (d ) ( d)

121 ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( m) (d ) ( d) ( 1 7 ) ( h ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) (1 7 ) , ( ),, 122

122 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90,,,,,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 18 ZJ45,, 3NB1300, 3NB1000, 300kW,,,,,,,,,, ; t ;, 123

123 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 1, (1 ) J3q,, 2000m,,, 1 1 J2q, J3 X,, J1b 481m, 27m, 100m, 21m, ( 1 1 ) (2 ) 3112mm,,,,,, 2445mm 3000m 3500m,, (3 ) ( Esh K1h J2q J2 xj2 x J1 sj1b ) ( ),,, 124

124 , (4 ), 20MPa,,, 4,,, 4,,, 24, 4, ( ),,,,,,,, 3 3 ( m ) ( d) ( d) ( 17) ,, 4,, 1996, 1238mm1778mm1238mm1397mm, 125

125 ,,,,,, PDC, PDC ( 1 7 ) ,, 2, 3, 2 3,, 168, 158,, 168,,, J3q,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 812h,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 126,

126 ,,, ( ),,,,, 2 3,,,,,,, 23 6 ( 481m, 27m) 311mm, 311mm,, 311mm 2, 361m/ h, 1 145m/ h, 311mm m, 35h 311m, 52% 311mm J2 q PDC, 311mmPDC 38871m/, 4237%,,,, 101,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; 2 ; 127

127 , AP I ; ; AP I ; ; RC800, 50mL ;, ( ) 1,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 2,,,,, ZJ ,,,,, :,,, ZJ45 ( ) 1(311mm ), (311mm ),,,, : mm 311mm 311mm

128 ,, 311mm, PDC, 311mm 2,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 129

129 (, : ),,, PDC,,,, MTC, 1391km 2, t, t, m 3,,, ( 10km 2, 100m, 100m ) 1 1 ( km 2 ) ( k m 2 ) ( km 2 ) ( km 2 ) / / / / / / t 13, 1991, t,, (8687) 10 4 t,,,, 2621 / t,,, (2 1) 5, 5,,,,,,, 91,

130 10 4 m, m, t, ( 3 4) 2 ( 10 4 t) ( ) ( 10 4 t/ ) ( t/ m ) ( / t) ( ) ( 10 4 m ) ( 10 4 t ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( 10 4 t) ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m ) ( m/ )

131 4 ( m/ h) ( m ) ( m ) ( d) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1993,,, 2445mm 1000m, ; , 1600m,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 630m,,,,,, 132

132 ( ),,,, 2030mm,,, ( ) 250mm 450mm, 450mm,, ( ),,, ( ),,, 35min, 23, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),, 1,,,,,,,, 2, ;, 3,, ;, 4,, 5,,,, 133

133 ,,, ( ),,, % 438%, 1, 15,,, 2,,,,,,, ,,,, NaClKClCaCl2, NaClKCl, ; CaCl2 ;, 56km t, KHPANPHPJH488, CaCO3 PHP CMCSKY, ( 1015) 10 4 mg/ L,, % 3,,,,, 72 47,,, ; 57 4,,,, 134

134 , NTA,,, PDC,,, B461RBT + PDC,,,, 85%, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 728%, 146,,,, 70 ;,, ( ) 1,,,, PDC PDC,,,,,, PDC, FM4 PDC m,,, 3050kN,,,, J PDC,,, 2,, 2500m, 135

135 , PDC,, 532%, 468%, 20M Pa, m/ h m/ h, 2,,, 2 3, PDC,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,, ;,,,, 23, 1651mm,, : ; ; 136

136 , 130: : 3112mm12379m : 2445mm12330m : 184mm, 43507m, 1207mm + 889mm ; 1651mmPDC, m, 098m,, 1651mmATJ 1315m,,, 24 / 100m 182,, PDC,,,,,, 130,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ) d c,, dc,,,, ( ),,,,, dc,, 5%,, 11% ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,, 137

137 1,,,, 2,, 3, 50m, 55, 1800m,, 10, 1725m, 120g/ cm 3, 06m/ h,,, 128t ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, g/ cm 3, 48h,, ( ),,,,,, 2445mm1397mm,,, , 3, 2445mm 13970mm, ,,,,,,, 2445mm 1397mm, 5 138

138 5 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( ),,,,,,, 27 : 15 % OS + 03% Fe + 03% B + 01% Rs1,,, m, t ( ) MTC ( MTC),,,, MTC,,,, 8, MTC,,,, 160,, 1800km 2, 72%, 60,, 11, 4, 3 1,, ( ) 1,,,,,, 139

139 2,,,,,, : 3397mm mm mm ( ) 12,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,, 3,,,,, 12,,,, ( ), : ; ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,, 8,,, :,, ;,, ;,, ( ) ; 140, ;, ;

140 , ;,,,,,,, 141

141 (, : ),,,,, 5000m,,,,, 5,,,, 6, 14,, 4500m 5, 3, SHWO1SHW06SHW08,,,,,,, 4445m, 5000m, 149,,, 923m ( )265m ( ), 200m,, ;, ;, ;,, ;,, 142

142 07m/ h, ; 149,,, ; MWD ( 5000m),, ;,,,,, ( ), ( 1),,,, 1 / ( m ) N 1173/ K / J 2x 3180/ 230 J 1m 3445/ J 1b 3870/ 425 T 3b 4065/ 195 T 2k 4275/ T 1b 4320/ C 4550/ : 125g/ cm 3,, 130g/ cm 3,, 178mm,, SHW01, SHW06 SHW mm 500m, ; 2445mm 4000m, ; 2159mm, 1778mm mm ( 1) : 090,, ; 143

143 1,,,,, mm 500m 3112mm 4100m, 60, 2445mm 1778mm mm (2 ) : 2 311mm 2445mm,, 216mm,,,,,,,, ( ),, 144

144 ,,, 1,,,,, SHW001 SHW06 8 / 30m, 10 / 30mSHW01, SHW06 SHW08,,, 8 / 30m, 10 / 30m, 45, ( 34 ) / 30m,,, 2,,,, SHW m, 50m,,,, SHW m, 50m, T3b,,,,,, SHW m, ( ) ( BHA) mm T3 b, 216mm 1000m,,,,,,,, 145

145 2,,,,, 3BHA ( BHA), BHA (1 ) :,,,, ( ) :,,, ; 15175,, ( 2) 2 ( / 30 m) T 2k T 2k T 1b T 1b T 1b C T 3b T 2k T 3b,,,, SHW01, 146

146 , (2 ),, ( 350mm) ( 211mm208mm ),, ( 208mm),, 17 / 30m, 3 / 30m; 211mm,, 58 / 30m :, ( ), ; ; 3 3, 18 ( ),,,, (3 ),, SHW01 SHW08 P5LZ , SHW06, r/ min, 4060r/ min, 147

147 4 MWD ESS,, ESS, MWD ;,,,,, MWD,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1, 125g/ cm 3, SHW01, g/ cm 3, 132g/ cm 3, g/ cm 3, 2,,,,, ;,,,,, CaCO3,, kN,,, ;,,,, SHW01,,, m,,, 148

148 4300m,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, : ;,,, ; SHW01 SHW08, 4358m 4535m,,,,, 18, SHW08,,, 06513,, 10h, 346m,,,, ( 4) 4 ER = n + 1 u R i i = n 149

149 ER; Ri () ; u,,, ( ) 1,, 127mmS135, 69mm,,, 2226L/ s, 2159mm, 1m/ s ;, 1m/ s,,,,,,,, SHW01 SHW06 SHW06,,,,, SHW01, 4325m,, 3h, 1492mm 127mm, 4325m,,,, mm, SHW01 SHW08,,,,,,,,, 3, SHW m, 158g/ cm, MWD,,, 57m 3, 4470m,, 21m 3, 40m/ h, 158g/ cm 3, SHW m,,, 40min 36m 3, 47183m,,, 5min 16m,,,,, 24h,,,,,, 150

150 ( ) SHW01SHW06SHW08, A SHW , 11 14, 2445mm m, 62d, 242m ESS, 25, , 4060m, T3 b, m ( C, 67 ),, 4295m,, m,, , m,, 42m, 44847m, A, 89, 135, 43917m,,,,,, , 48001m, 903, 706, m, 31543m,, m, 1778mm m mm50367m, 1392mm m, m, 1397mm SHW06, , m, 10 30, m, 80899m, m88, 4397m, 844, 50 SHW01,, 7d SHW08, , 11 14, SHW01 SHW06,,,,, ( ) SHW10SHW16SHW04, B, SHW10SHW16,, SHW04,,,, 1778mm, 1524mm,,, 151

151 :,,,,,,,,,, 1778mm 2159mm,,,,, : + + MWD + +,,,,,,, 127mmS135,,,,, 152

152 1 (, : ) m,,,, m, 210, 2096m, 8675m, m, 74% d 8h ( ) 1 : : : 4445mm + 590mm mm mm mm mm : 302m : 508mm, J55, 127mm, 2987m:, G 90t 2 : : : 4445mm + 444mm mm mm mm mm : 2660m (4445mm 2600m, 3111mm 2660m) : 3397mm 1 1 ( mm ) ( m ) SM110 T T N SM110 T T :, 180t, 105t m 153

153 3 : : : 3111mm mm mm mm mm mm mm + 127mm mm 3111mm + 310mm mm mm mm mm + 127mm mm 3111mm + 267mm + 310mm mm mm mm mm + 127mm mm 2159mm mm mm mm + 127mm mm : m 3111mm m,, 2159mm m, mm m : 2445mm 2 2 ( m ) ( m ) SM110 T SM110 T SM110 T : m : 118m 3, 104m 3, m 4 : : : 2159mm mm mm + 127mm mm 2159mm + 214mm mm mm + 127mm mm 2159mm + 192mm + 214mm mm mm mm 2159mm + 192mm + 214mm mm mm mm + 127mm mm 154

154 2159mm mm mm mm + 127mm : 5502m 5 : : : m : 2159mm + 192mm + 214mm + 127mm mm + 127mm 200mm + 198mm + 127mm mm + 127mm 200mm + 165mm + 198mm + 127mm mm + 127mm 200mm + 165mm + 127mm mm + 127mm 200mm + 165mm + 198mm + 127mm mm + 127mm 200mm + 127mm mm + 127mm , 787d 8 h 1 ( ) 3 3 ( m ) ( m )

155 1 1 ( ) ,,,, ,, 1, 3000m, 3300m, m : g/ cm 3, AP I 1012mL, ph : 9, 22mL, cl - : ( 2530 ) 10 3 mg/ L 3000m : g/ cm 3, API 78mL, ph : 758, 156

156 15mL, cl - : ( 2631 ) 10 3 mg/ L 3200m : 16070g/ cm 3, API 812mL, ph : 89, 17mL, cl - : ( 612) 10 3 mg/ L 3400m : g/ cm 3, API 1214mL, 50mL, cl - : ( 1316 ) 10 3 mg/ L ph : 89, 3800m : g/ cm 3, AP I 1012mL, ph : 8, 90mL, cl - : mg/ L 4000m : g/ cm 3, AP I 89mL, ph : 8, 53mL, cl - : mg/ L 4200m : g/ cm 3, API 1213mL, 50mL, cl - : mg/ L 4580m : g/ cm 3, cl m : g/ cm 3, cl - : mg/ L m,, g/ cm 3, cl mg/ L ( ) 70, m, 79, m (4 ) 4 : mg/ L ph : 89, 8297m, ( mm ) ( ) 4445 X22 3 P XH P2 1 J22 8 PDC 4 BALAS 1 AT J22 8 AT J33 8 AT J AT J22 1 AT J33 25 AT J44 5 J F37A 2 HP54 2 HP61A 1 HP62 1 PDC

157 ( ) 250m, ; 10956m 9491m8660%, Y , mm, 1819g/ cm 3 ; mm ( ),,,,,, : 12951h35 min : 5944h25 min : 6854 % : 3146 % : 1111h34 min 5881 % : 1838h1min 973 % ( hmin) ( % ) ( ) 10,,,,,, 1 (1 ) , m,, mm,,,, 310mm J33 47h,, 14m 1990,, (2 ) ATJ22, m, 3 #, 70 h5min, 5459m,,, 158

158 (3 ) m, m, m, m 176kN,,, 1232 kn 1936kN, 1050, kN 4488kN,, m, 500A,, kN :,,, (4 ) ,,, 2898m28 219mm, kN, (5 ) 1800, 2445mm, (27305mm 2445mm 1 ) m, m ( ),, m429823m, m, 12067m,, 42,,,,,,,,, (6 ) m, 177 g/ cm , g/ cm 3, g/ cm 3, m ( 5903m) 15min, 1364kN,, 43248m436975m,, g/ cm 3, (7 ) m,, 25m,, 2305, 1232kN 616kN, , 92, m, 26627m, m 2159mmATJ33 ( 025m ) A10 ( 062m ) + 214mm 159

159 ( 131m ) mm 7 ( 19074m) + 4A10410 ( 049m ) mm ( 1198m) + 127mm 5 (13822m) + 127mm ( m) , m, , kN, 2320, 2107L/ s10mpa,, 903L/ s 14MPa, , 185g/ cm 3 35m 3, 2h, 1760kN,,, 17 25, 40,, 1719, L/ s 105MPa; , , S ;, g/ cm 3, 33m/ h g/ cm 3 51m 3, 68h ( ), 1225L/ min, g/ cm 3,, 47 60m 3 72h 2200kN, 1219, 21151m11 17, 97d 14h, m, m,, (8 ) m, m ( ), 1188kN 1408kN, 176kN1100kN 30, m, 4390m (),, 1408 kn m406025m4051m389884m 3893m, 484kN,, (9 ) m,, , 1012 kn 1760kN, 440kN 200mm, m,, 170g/ cm 3, kn10cm, kN 1276kN, 1760kN, 22m, kN,, 1760kN 160

160 ,, 2mm,, (10) , m, m, m, 5000lb 6 2 2,, (1 ) m493685m 17, 500 m 3 ( 6) 6 ( ) ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( m 3 ) m 3 / h (4 ) m , 80% (2 ) m,,,, m, m, 3793m,, 37997m 45kN,, 051m 2h 55min 161

161 m,, 2550m/ h, 190g/ cm 3 146g/ cm 3,,,,, 180d 2mm, 4,,, 500mm, 930g ( 130mm 110mm25mm),, A, 500A, 600A ( ),,,,,,, m, 12V NB1300,, 3 ;,,,,,,, ( ) 1, 12,, 05m,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 162,,

162 ,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 5, 2, 20min/ m,, ;, 1m 2m,,,,,, 510kN,,,, 03m ( ),, 3111mm,, 096m/ s ( ) 067m/ s; 2159mm,,,, 3397mm, 187g/ cm 3, 195g/ cm 3,,,,,,,, m,, 2810m,,,,, 163

163 ,,,, ( ) 1 :, ;,, 188g/ cm 3 ;,, 500mm ; 4445mm, 3397mm ; 3111mm, 2445mm,,,, 3397mm,, ; 2445mm,,, mm mm, , ( 70d) 2159mm m406025m, 39459m, m m m (, 3900m),, m (253mm177mm, 76mm)2 27, 5502m, mm, m, 3759m, m mm 10 1, 10,, (1 ) mm : 23kPa/ m, 25 kpa/ m ; g/ cm 3, 1 190g/ cm 3, 162g/ cm 3 ; P mm 38MPa ; MS110T 1105mm 401MPa, 1003mm 308MPa mm 7

164 ( m ) P110 MS110 T 1 ( mm ) ( ) ( m ) P110 MS110 T 2 ( mm ) ( ) (2 ) mm, 1, 10 1 ; (495d) 1 ( 255d),, d; 10, 1,,,, g/ cm 3, m 190g/ cm 3 162g/ cm 3, , 10,, mm,,,, : (3 ),, 508mm, ; 3397mm ; 2445mm,,, 2445mm SM110T, ( SM150G 15% 17% ), 2445mm,, 165

165 2159mm, 1105mm, 5600psi 1588 ( 20876mm ) 13700psi, 245,,,,, ( 1588mm 200mm ),, 2508mm127mm,,,,, ( ) 1,,,,,, g/ cm 3,, :, Cl mg/ L, MPa, SO mg/ L,, g/ cm 3,,,,,,,,, 2,,,, 190g/ cm 3, 0478MPa, 025M Pa,,,, 80 ;, 4%,,,,, 120,,, 1% 166

166 3,, 120,,, ( ) 1 DF 933% , 3600m CONTINENTAL EMASCO 70 C, 500 USton (4536t), 1143mm ft ( m ), 3912HP, 3 D398 2 FB m, 5807m,,,, ( ), XHP2 J22J33J44ATJ22AT J33ATJ44 PDC PDC,,,, J22 J33, ; J22 ; J33,,,, 2159mm,, 2857% mm, 4 M Pa, 25%,, ( ), 5000m 600A, 127mm ( S135 ) ( 1397mm 168 ), 127mm,,, G105, 167

167 91 (, : ),, ;, ; ;,, ( ) 91 91,,, 780m, 10m, 22km 2,,,, 30 %40% ( ) 10-3 m 2 : 39,,,,, ( ) 91 1, 2218m; 1150m; 7226 ; 1668m; m; m; 7622 / m; m; 146 1, : : 00; : : 00; : : 00; : : 30; : : 00; : : 00; : : 00; : 16d 14h; : 26d 12h; : 069 ; : m/ ;

168 : 1965m/ h; 91 ( ) 91, ( ), 9-1, :,,, ;, 230m,,,,,, ;, ; ( ), (), ;,,,, ( ),, ( 1) 1 ( m ) ( / 30m ) ( / 30m ) ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ,,, 91, 2 ( ),,, ( ), 2,,,,,, 150m, 169

169 ,,, 2 ( m ) ( / 30 m ) ( kn) ( % ) : 1 025, 035 ; 2, 04,, 1,, 2,, 1 91 ( ) 91 ( ), ( ),,,,,,, 91,, :, ( (56 ) / 30m ),, 170

170 2 91,, ;,,,, 035, 025,, 5 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 171

171 ,,, 91, 3,,, 5% () 3 ( m ) ( kn ) 035 ( kn ) ( % ) ,,, ( ) 91 1,,, 91, : ; (, ), : 91, ; 172 ;,

172 ; 2,, 91,,,, NO1 BHA NO2 BHA NO2 BHA ; NO3 BHA NO4 BHA NO4 BHA 1 125,, 91 ( 655m ), 2 ( 5LZ1977Y BHA NO1), ;, 3112mm 173

173 , 2 (5LZ1977YBHA NO2),, ( 1203m ),, 1(5LZ1657YBHA NO3 ),, ;, 125 ( 5LZ1657YBHA NO4 ),,, 391 (1 ) ( 260m655m), NO1 BHA, 25LZ197-7Y, 3050kN,,,,, MWD,, ;,, 30m, (2 ) ( 655m1392m) 2245mm 1200m, 6 / 3112mm 2165mm (3112mm ) 548m, 2165mm 189m655m 1045m, 70715, 10454m 12039m, 2 ( ), ,, 91, 1 ( NO3 BHA),, NO3 BHA, 2159m,,,, 1200m m m 1392m,, 712, 7231,,,,, (3 ) ( 1392m2300m) 05 / 30m, NO3 BHA,,, 16768m, m,, 125 ( NO4 BHA), 3112mm,,,, 5m10m, 174, 91

174 ,,,,, 91 ( ) 91,, :,, ;, ;,, ;, 191, ( ),,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,, : 103 % + 02% KPAM + 04% N H - HPAN + 15% SAS;, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, ;,,, :,,,,,, 91, 115g/ cm 3, ( n = 06, 175

175 k = 04 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 91, 2159mm 1097m, 977m, 89%,,, 100m,,,, 291,,, : ;,,, 91,,, : HRH101 HRH102, 91 : 018, , 391, 91,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,, 91 : ; 4, 91,,, : m 176

176 ,,,,, : m 108g/ cm 3 34s,,,, 1m 24kg, 12,,, : m, 1m 12kg, 12,, 91,, ( ) 91,, ;, ;, 1, 91,,,,,, 5%, 2, 91,, VBL,, (1 ),,, API 50mL ( 30min69MPa),, (2 ), 91 : ; 177

177 , ;,, ; ; ;, ; ; ; ;, ;, ; ;, ; ;, 178

178 (, : ), ; ( 1000m) ;, ;,,,, 5m 16048km 2, ( ) 2696km 2,,,,,,,,,, 10, ;,,, 25m,,,,, t, m 3 ; t, m 3 ; t, m 3,, 6189%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , ( 1000m ) 50, 179

179 192084m, m, m, 3453, 13475d, 10810d, 1500m 11, 2000m 4, F m, 4600m (731 )1, ( m) ( m ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( d ) ( 1000m) 2 ( 1000m),,,,, ; m, 180

180 105m, 1991, m, m,,, ;,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 3045,,,,, 3045, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 2 F F1 731 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( d) F , F1, 731, ( ), F1 F2100, m (4591 ), 281 F1 181

181 434m ( = 434m), 731 F1 89d ( = 89d) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,, 731 F (1 ) 400m 6 / 100m : 99074m : m : 17697m m m 3520 m 20037m N55 W 182

182 (2 ) , 4445mm 400m, MWD,, m 3520m m, 75d, 3 3 ( m ) ( mm ) ( h) ( m/ h ) ,,, 45, (3 ) 34 2F1 (1 ) 280 m 8 / 100m 25 / 100 m : 910m : 83188m : m : 3000m : m : m 2090 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m N55W 183

183 (2 ) F1 () , 4445mm 280m,, mm, m, 2445mm (125 ),,, : kn, : 63L/ s,, mm 2445mm m ( : m, : 354, : 35 ),, mm,, m 3300m261551m, 79d (3 ) 56 ( ),, 184

184 4 731 : MWD MWD,,,, MWD, F1,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,, 185

185 5 F1, :,,,,,, 300m 2030h,, 1 2 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 186

186 6 F1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 187

187 ,,,, 1715mm,, ( LWD) 188

188 81 (, : ) (, : ) m, 16264m, 20006m, 673, 131m, 1231,, 311mm, 81, 90,,, 21,, 60, 80:, : a b c d e,,, Ellwood Poole Wytcy Farm, Statfjord Gullfaks,, 243A m, 2985m, 80267m,,, 81,, 1650m, 2000m,,, 2km, 5000,,, 1980,,, 1650m 2000m 189

189 135, 2000m, 81 ( ),,,, 3 / 30m, 24 / 30m, 500m,, 81, 150m 500m, 1 1 KO P ( m ) ( ) 1650 m ( m) ( m) ( kn ) , KOP 500m, 150m, 14 %, 4555,, KOP 150m ( ) mm 50m mm 997m mm 2767m mm 3300m mm 3500m, ,,,,, 3397mm, ( 190

190 30m), 68m,,, 2445mm, 1778mm,, 60,, 1778mm, 1524mm,, 1778mm 1270mm 1270mm,, 2159mm,, 1270mm,, 1524mm,, 2445mm, ( ) MWD 125, 70m,,,,, 70m,,,,,,,,,, 2,,,,, mm 5 BHA mm DC ( 11m ) DC ( 11m ) mm DC ( 7m ) DC ( 11m ) mm DC ( 5m ) DC ( 11m ) mm + 203DC ( 7 m) DC ( 11m ) mm + 203DC ( 11m ) DC ( 11 m ) m, 2653m, 4, ,, 10 30, 45d ( , 50d), 2756m, 16264m, 20006m, 673, 131m ( 191

191 2), 100 %, 1231,, 117m/ h, ( ) mm 2 81, mm MWD, 70m ( 12 / 30m),,,,, 992m, 70m844m, mm 2159mm,, 992m 1975m, 1461m,,, 3 200m, 3 / 100m,,,, 3, 2500m,,,,, 2445mm 2159mm 2756m,, mm 2159mm mm mm M WD + 203N MDC + 127H WDP mm mm M WD + 203NMDC + 203DC ( 52 m ) + 127HWD P mm + 203DC ( 4m ) DC ( 11m ) DC (11 m) mm DC ( 5m ) DC ( 11m )

192 3, MWD,,,, : a 4445mm 3112mm,, 4445mm 3112mm, 70L/ s 55L/ s, 05m/ s 087m/ s b, 45s, c, 80m 100m,,,,,,, ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) AP I ( ml ) ( Pa) ( mm ) ( % ) / / / / / / / / / / %, 2%, 012/ 45min, 7% 8%, 0506,,,,, ( ), 3397mm 2445mm 98858m 3397mm, ( 150m), 838m,,, 2496m 2445mm, 60, 673,,,,,,, 193

193 ,,,, 10% H105,, 10min,, :, 10 %,,, 3397mm 2445mm, mm,, 2445mm m 673,, 3,,,,,,, m, m,, BHA 6 203mm, 52m, 5 127mm,, 4050kN 63, 203mm 36m, 4 093, 115, 022, 1200m, 36m1200m, 3( 4 ), kN, 140 kn, 1270mm 194

194 mm 216kN, 217mm 89kN,,, 140 kn, 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 2500m 4 203mm 3112mm, 200kN,, 300kN,,,,, 400kN,,,, 2500m 2445mm : 1h 1h, 80kN,, 200kN, 120kN, ( ), ( kn 120 kn ) 1200m 2500m 54, 2000m, 118 / 25m, 2000m 103 / 25m, 4 3 / 25m, 4 / 25m,,,,,,,,,,, 300kN,,,, 1626Nm, 19422Nm,, 3, 14000Nm,,,,, 2 10,,, 195

195 , 81 81,,,, 5258, ,, ( 1990 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,,,,,,,, ( BHA ),,, ;, 3112mm, ( 1683mm ),,,,,,, 81, ( 1900m ),,,,, 81,, 196

196 ,, 51, 10 81,, 81,, [1 ] 2445mm, 1997 (4 ) [2 ], 1997 (4 ) [3 ], 1997 (4 ) 197

197 (, : ), ; ( ), 50,,,,, 60,,,, 70,,,,,, ( ), 90,,,,, 1/ 4, 98%,,,, ( ), :, ;, ;,,, ;,, ( ) 5060,, 80, 198

198 , ,,,,, 108,, , 09, ( ),,, : 10MPa, ; 10MPa, ; ; ; ;, : ( : ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ) , G1137G1063GD1179 G m, g/ cm 3, G mm, 27, 3614m, m, g/ cm 3,, 12t GD mm, 40, 3875m, m, g/ cm 3, 3685m, 9 21, 5mm, 160t, : d p = m ( 1 - ) + ggd h ( 1) 199

199 ,, : g = go p Zr T r Po ( 2), : = Co ( Zr Tr po Qgo ) Ap Zr Tr po Qgo g ( Dout - Din ) 2 m m - go p Zr Tr po ( 3) F ( p) = Co ( Zr Tr po Qgo ) Ap g ( Dout - Din ) 2 m m - go p Zr Tr po ( 4) ( 2) (5 ) ( 1), : = Z r Tr po Qgo F ( p) ( 5) d p = m F ( p ) - Zr T r po Qgo F ( p) + go Qgo p F ( p ) gd h ( 6) ( 6), : p F( p ) p o m F( p) - Zr Tr po Qgo + go Qgo p d p g = H ( 7) ( 7),,,,,,,, :, ; z, m;, kg/ m 3 ; v, pfr = z D m/ s v 2 2, Retp,, = 64 Re ;, : 200 = Re 025 tp

200 Retp = Dev m g m m, Pa s; g, Pa s, : pfr = ( 1 - ) z D 2 m v 2,, : Retp = D m v m 1 1 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( M Pa) ( m 3 / s ) ( m 3 / s ) ( Pas ) ( Pa) ( Pas ) ( kg/ m 3 ) ( kg/ m 3 ( K/ m) ) ( m ) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( % ) , 2, 061MPa, 195%, 032M Pa 056 %,,,, 201

201 ,,,,,,, 2 3 ( m ) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( % ) ,, 305MPa, 677%,,,,, 100,,, ,,,,, :,, 141, 71, 100m 3 34, m 3 26, m 3 6, 1000m 3 4,,,,,,, 202

202 ,,,, ( ),,, :,, ; ( ) ; ;,,, ( ) 1, 35km,,, 290m t, 432km 2, 3 1,,,,, 600m, ( P 1 2x )( P 2 2x ) ( P 3 2x ),, 2,,,, MBT, K +,, 3,, 689 %, 1239 %, m 2, m 2 644%, m 2, 644 %, m 2, 4 : m 38% 46% ; < 0146m, 22% 203

203 ,, : :,, : :,, FMI :,,,, MPa, 1194, 777, 3777MPa, 1175, 802, CaCl2, Cl mg/ L, mg/ L, ( ) ;,, ;,,, 1 1 ( ), :, ;, 40mL/ min, 204

204 ;,,,,,,,,, 10000mg/ L12000mg/ L,,,,,,,,, Ca 2 + Mg 2 +, ph,,, ph ph,,, ;, ph,,,,, G1137G1063 GD1179 ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, m, 30MPa, 01g/ cm 3 ;,, 1,, 12 : 205

205 a; b; c, 13, 7MPa,,, ( ) G m : ( P 2 2x ) : ( P 1 2x ), 20m :, G1063 G2035 G2045, G1137 G m, GD , m, 3780m, 3875m, 35, 315m,, P2x : 30m : : G1137 P2 x m, ( ),,, G1137 G , GD G

206 3 G G

207 ( ) mm mm mm mm mm mm + 889mm mm ( ) (5 ) 2 : : : :, ( ),,,,, : : 113g/ cm 3, g/ cm 3 : H2 O + 02% Na2 CO % 02% KOH + 3% + 0% 06 % JT % KCl + 02% 03 % A % 08 % NPAN + 02 % 04 % XY27 + 2% 3% SPNH + 3% SMP + 1% 2% ( ) + 10% 20% + 03% 05 % ADSN + 05% 4 ( g/ cm 3 ) FV ( s ) FL ( ml ) K ( mm ) 4 AV ( m Pas) PV ( m Pas) < / Y P ( Pa) G ( Pa) ph K F ( ) : a,, b,, 208

208 , c24h d e,, g/ cm 3 f ( ),,,,,,, 6 6 ( ),,,,,,,,, 1MPa 209

209 G1137G1063 GD1179 ( ) G1137 G , , m 245m, 7692h, 3285m/ h: : 80100kN : 1415M Pa : 113M Pa : : g/ cm 3 : 4555s : 5mL,,,,, 038g/ cm 3, 8h,, 36h,,,,,, : G + 2% DS5 + 06% SXY+ 2% EP + 012% S T200R + 44 % ; 189, 067, K = 078, 310min, 24h 132MPa , 2135,, 163g/ cm 3, 134,, ( ) G1063 G , , m, 100m, 038g/ cm 3,,, G1063,, 206m ( ), 5 17, m ( 34104m ), 3382m,,,, G1063 G1137 ( ) GD1179 GD , m3875m 461m, 16125h, 285m/ h: 210 : kn

210 : 1318M Pa : 60r/ min : 11105g/ cm 3 : 4250s : 5mL : ( 20% ),,, 35m, 9 21, 160t,,,,,,,,,,,,, G1137G1063 GD1179, :,,,,,, 76%, 21%, 3 %,,,,,,, 211

211 (, : ), 21 8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 95%,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,, , ( ),, 212

212 ( ),,,,,,,,,, 310m,,, ( ) ( ), : ; ; ( 100m ) ; ; ; ( ) mm,, 10%,,,,,,?, 21,,, ( ) 1,,, 3912m, mm 3905m, m, 2 21,, 213

213 122g/ cm 3, 085M Pa, 235MPa 3 : (, ) + + : m ( ) + + +, Williams Tool Company 7000, 21MPa, 14MPa 1 4 1,, 900m, : 1493mm BDC mm mm mm mm + 889mm mm + 889mm mm + 889mm 214

214 70MPa,, 5, M941,, 6,, 7 150mm ( ), : 4060kN, 7080r/ min, 13L/ s, 19MPa, 122g/ cm 3,,, 3931m,,, 3931m,,, 122g/ cm g/ cm 3, ( m) 165 (,,,,,, 4190m,, ), 4112m,,, 133g/ cm g/ cm 3, 1 #, 133g/ cm 3, 10min, 133g/ cm 3, m,, 11m 3,,, 133g/ cm 3,,, m,, g/ cm 3,,,,, 4190m, (),,, ( ),,,, 025m 3 / h, 800m,,,, m 3,,,,, 215

215 , 21, ( ), ( m),,,, m,,,,,,,,, 8 10,,,,,, 10,,,, 10,,,,,,,, 8,,, ( ) 1 : 1000m; : 220mm 2 : 215mm mm mm m + ; : 97180m; : 97150m; : 3 : 22L/ s; ( ) : 255L/ s 444L/ s; : 65MPa 75MPa 4, 22L/ s 30min, 1000M Pa, # 255L/ s,, 48min, 216

216 , 880MPa, 0906,,,,, 30min 87M Pa, 0895, 444L/ s, 56min, 881MPa, 0906,,,, 8,,,, 8 ( ) mm m,,, 1778mm m,,, 1 (1 ) 35M Pa, 2; (2 ) 25MPa10m 3 / min ; 2 150mmBDC + 114mm mm + 114mm + 889mm mm mm + 889mm 3 : 12L/ s ( ) : 15L/ s ( ) : 125% : : 4060 kn : 65r/ min : 11 M Pa 4, 150mm,,,,,,,,,, 12L/ s,, 1 #,,, 10m 3 / min,,,, :,,,, 217

217 218

218 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, m, m, m, m,,, 123m 3, 2, m,,,, m 096m/ h, 027m/ h,, 10, 091, 21 8 :,, 21 8,,,,,,, 1524mm,, 219

219 [1 ], 1996 (6 ) [2 ], 1997 (1 ) [3 ], 1997 (6 ) 220

220 4 (, : ) ,, 4, 58066m 1016mm 5973m 4 196km,,, 4 4, 2159mm 5700m, ,, ( ),,,, ( 1 ),,

221 , 1270mm 1048mm 1270mm 5800m, 1048mm 58066m, 180g/ cm 3 115g/ cm 3, 1270mm 5144m, 1048mm, 125g/ cm mm, ( ) 603mm,,,, : 1016mm + 794mm ( ) ) 1270mm + 603mm ( 1200m ) + 999mm ( + 889mm ( 2100m) +,,, 9746Nm, 603mm 15229Nm,, 1 1 : 5800 m : : 1016 mm : 125g/ cm 3 : 2581 mm 2 : 794 mmm1x L : 953 mm : 20M Pa : : 99m Pas : 67Pa : 4 : ( mm ) ( kg/ m ) ( mm ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( m ) 1270 mmdp mm mm DP mm mm DP mm mm DC mm DC ( L/ min)

222 ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( m/ s ) ( kn ) ( W/ mm 2 ) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( m/ s ) ( kn ) ( W/ mm 2 ) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) ( m/ s ) ( m/ s) ( m/ s) ( m/ s) ( m/ s) ( ) :, 125g/ cm 3 ;, 20MPa; 2445mm1778mm1270mm,,,,,, ( 2 )PV YP,, (1 ),, PV YP,,, ( ) 1016mm 58066m, 59733m, 12 (2 ), 173m, 223

223 , 2 ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m) ( m/ h) ( L/ min) ( MPa) ( ) 1 M1XL mm ( S248 G8 ) 2 M1XL ( S225G8) ( S225G8 ) 4 M1XL ( S248G8) 5 M1XL mm, ( S248G8 ) 6 M1XL ( S225G8) 7 ADM ( D24GB) 8 ADM ( D24G8) 9 M1XL mm, ( S48G8) 10 M1XL ( S248G8) 11 M1XL ( D24G8) 12 M1XL ( S248G8) ( ) : (), 5 6 1, 051m/ h;, 0166m/ h, M1XL,,,,,, 1016mm 95100mm,, 0 480L/ min 20kN,,,,,,, 1,,, 0, ( ),, ;,, 224

224 ,, ( ), MI KCL HT PolymerKlagard,, ( 3 ), XCDX - CIDE207 KLAGARD,, PV YP, 3 4 : 125g/ cm 3 : 40 s P V: 10m Pas Y P: 8Pa CEL : 25/ 4pa AP I FL/ cake : 38 ml/ 05mm VS : 9 % O/ W ( % ) : 2/ 85 CS: 01 % MBT : 11g/ L ph: 85 PM : 04mL C1 - : mg/ L Ca 2 + : 150mg/ L, L/ min, 889mm 2445mm,, 024m/ s, 34m 3 115g/ cm 3 200s, ( 7Pa 95Pa 12Pa),,, 120,,, : 608h30min, 297h: ; XCIDE207, ; XCD, ( ), :, 3 2,, ;, 150mm 85mm,, ;, 480L/ min,,,, : 6t, 5t, 3t, 2t, 23t,,,, 225

225 1016mm, :,,,,,, ( ),, 4 :,,,,,,, m 1016mm,, 1270mm 226

226 (, : ),,,, mm,,,, :,,,,, m, m 200m, m, m, 1993,, ( ), 25M Pa,,,, 21, 100%, 3555m, 4750m, 1080m (1270mm ), 100%,,,,,, mm, 3397mm,,,,,,, 227

227 ( ),,, :, , 35,,,,, NSCCNK3SBFOX ( ) MTC,,, : MTC,, 31, 31g/ cm 3,, 1 API,, G ( ), :,,,,, 1,,, 100%,,,, :, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 228

228 ,, ( 1 ), : ; ; ; ; ; ;, ( mm ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( m ) ( mm ) , ,, ,, ,,,,,, ,,, ,,,, ,, ,,,,,,,, :,,, ( 2) :,,,,, 3970m, 229

229 285g/ cm mm,,,,, ; 1270mm 1778mm,,,,,, 2 ; ; ; ;,,,,, ;,,, 24g/ cm 3,,,,, 520L/ s,,,,, 6406m, 238g/ cm 3, 4800m, 1606m2127mm 1778mm, 5606m, 6131m, 230,, 8MPa, 1778mm, 1270mm,,, g/ cm 3,,, ( ),,,,, 230

230 ,, 3 3 ( mm) ( mm) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( L/ m ) ,, 1112m/ s,, ( ),, MTC,,, ( ),,,, 50% 70 %,, 24g/ cm ( ) 1,,,,, 2,,,, 3,,, 4,, 5,, 6,,,, 231

231 ,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,, mm,, CBL mm m, 1687m, 2445mm 34902m, m, 209g/ cm 3, 1074%, 2700m,, :, ; ; mm,,,, ( 45) 4 PV = 33 mpas, 53 YP = 13 Pa U 4min 80m 3 38M Pa 052 m/ s, 5 min, 839 %, 964 % 5 GF P,, 2772 m2786 m 196g/ cm 3 206g/ cm 3 GF P , 3M Pa, G FP , 30M Pa, 3M Pa 232

232 , mm (6 ),,, 839% 964 % 80m 3, mm CBL ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) , M Pa, 30min 233

233 (, : ), API, :, :,,,,,,,,,, ( 6481mm) 1778mm V150, , m,,,,,, ( ) 1API API AP I SPEC 5CT, , API,,, API,,, API,, API 60% 80%,, API, API 2,, AP I 86%, , 20% 50%,, : 234

234 ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; 1995,, 20%, 50%, 1 1 ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ,,,,, ( 6560m), 2mm,, , ( ) , 72 %, : ( BHA )

235 ,, 60%,,,, AP I,, API API, AP I API ( ) 17 API, AP I, 75 API, SM 5 23, SM, 4 33, 125Ksi, API V150,, Q125, SM125G150G, NKK NK , NT95DS150DS,,,,,,,, ( ), API,,,, 1 API : API 30% 40%,, 05%, 10%,,,,, AP I,, ( ),, SMTTNKK NTKSDHC 236,

236 ( ) 1 API : API, 100, : API 0152mm,,, ( 2 ),,,,,,, ( 3) ;,, VAMNSCCTMN K3SB,, , FOX (4 ), API,,, (3 ),,,, 237

237 2 API 3,, 3, 5 6 TM NSCC 238

238 4 FOX 3 ( ) Siderca ( ) Tamsa ( ) SEC, AN T AR ES, PJD, FL4S, STL, T C, M JO, Seal Lock HC, Seal Lock BOss T KC4040 SEC, AN T ARES, P JD, FL4S, STL, TC, N JO, Seal Lock HC, Seal Lock BOSS T KC4040 Dalmin e ( ) SEC, AN T AR ES, PJD Ma nn esmann ( ) BDS, T DS H PC, MUST, MID OM E GA, BIG OM E GA, MAT ( ) Vallaurec ( ) ( ) VAM, N EWVAM, VAMACE, T M, T MS W, VAM HW, VAMACE XS, VAMF JL VAMSL VAM, N EWV AM, VAMAC E, T M, VAMH W, VAMACE SC, VAM FJL VAM SL FOX NK K ( ) NK3SB, NK2SC, NK EL, NK FJ1, NKF J2, NK SL ( ) NSCC, NSC T, NS1 T, BDS, TDS, NSR1BT Hydril ( ) SE ALL OCK, A95, PH, T C, MAC, TY PE ( ), 100 % 9 % 25% 25%,, ( ), J55N80,, 239

239 5 TM,,, 240

240 ( ) 1,,, 2 34MPa, 3,,, 4,,, 6 NSCC,, 5, ( ),, ( ) 1,,,,, ( FAT T),,, API 54J ( 3/ 4 ) API SPEC 5D ( 1992 ), 54J,,,,, SHELL 80J, 7,,, 241

241 54 J, 100J,,,,, 7 G105 2 (1 ),,,,,,, 100mm, 300mm, API,,,, (2 ) 18,,,,,, 18 (3 ) GRANT MANESMAN, ( 8) 40 % 60 % 1,,,,, 242

242 H2 S 8 (4 ),,, AP I NC, API, API NC, (5 ),,,,,, (6 ), API SPEC 7, ( 9 ),,,,, 9 AP I (7 ) 2286mm,,,,, API SP EC 7 38 (1994 ) 2191mm API 243

243 , 10, 3,, 12, 4,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,, 10m,,,,, ( ) 1 70%, :,,,,, 2,, (11 ),,,,,,,,,, API,,, AP I,,,,,, ( 2032 ),

244 11, ( ), ;,,,,,, , :, ;,,,,,, ;, 5,,,, ( BHA), 6 ph, 3mg/ L,, ph 10 10,, API RP 7G 15 ( 1995 ),, 034kPa ph 10,, 245

245 ,,,,, 7, ; ;, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, AP I RP 7G, : 1200h ;, 450hBADale,,, 370h, 2800h,,,,,, m, 180, 10 8 Pa,, H2 S CO2 : ( BHA ) 300h, h, 1500h,,, ;,,, 8,, AP I, :,, :,,,, 246

246 , [1 ], 1997 (1 ) : 18 [2 ],, 1993 (1 ) : 512 [4],, 1997 ( 1 ) : 5052 [5 ] API Specification 5DSpecification for Drill PipeThird Edition, August 1, 1992 [6 ] K. E. Szklarz. Fracture Toughness Criteria for High - Strength Drill Pipe1990 IADC/ SPE Drilling Conference, February 27March 2, 1990, Texas, [7 ] API Specification 7Specification for Rotary Drill Stem ElementsThirty - Eighth Edition, April 1, 1994 [8 ] A. BaryshnikovA New Approach to the Analysis of Drill String Fatigue BehaviourSPE Anuual Conference, October, 1995, Dallas, 2225 [9 ] Kirk, W. L. Deep Drilling Practice in MissippiJ. Pet. Tech., June, 1972, 632 [10] APL RP 7GDrill Stem Design and Operating LimitsFifty Edition, 1995 [11] B. A. DaleInspection Interval Guideline to Reduce Drillstring Failures1988 IADC/ SPE Drilling Conference, February 28March 2, 1988, Texas, [12] A. BaryshnikovOptimization of Rotary Shoulered Connection Reliability1994 IADC/ SPE Drilling Conference, 1518 February 1994, Dallas,

247 (, : ) (, : ) : H 2 S,,,,,,,,,, m,, 90%, 4500m,,, T1 j MPa/ m, ; T1 j 2 3, MPa/ m, 00245M Pa/ m, ()340mm T1 s 2 ; 2445mm T1 j 2 3, ; 178mm,, :, 0508,, ;, 5, 20,, MPa/ m; M Pa/ s, MPa/ m, 00245MPa/ m; MPa/ m 6, 2445mm T1 j 3 2, 3112mm m, 3818m, 1778mm, 2159mm m, 1524mm 1231m,, m 3 / d m 3 / d; 520g/ m 3, 195g/ m 3, T1 j g/ m 3, 493g/ m 3 248

248 ,,, 215mm 1778mm 1027mm; 1524mm 127mm 555mm;,,,, 100,, 1/ (4055mm ), 160;,,,, :,,,,, ;,, : 340mm 27795m, 278t, 420t; mm m, 255t,,,, 23m,,,,, ;,,,, H2 S 60MPa, 4050MPaH2 S,,,,,,,,,, :, ; ; ;, 249

249 , : a ; ; c, ; b d,,,,, 001g/ cm 3, ( ),,, :,, 50m 3 / h,, ;,,,,,,,,, ,, m,,, H1 = p +p s V2 = ( H - H1 ) q2 k2 p, MPa; s, g/ cm 3 ; p, 115MPa; H1, m; H, m; q2, m 3 / m; k2, k2 = 11115; 250

250 V2, m 3, 100m,,,, m,, ;, m,,,,,,, :, g/ cm 3 ; 1, g/ cm 3 ; 2, g/ cm 3 ; H1, m; H2, m = 1 H1 - H1 - H2, ;,,,, 2 H2 : a.,,, ; b., U, ; c.,,,,,,,,,,,, : = h > 22cm < 2% < 300mL/ (70MPa30min) ( 90) 24 h > 10M Pa ( ) 1 :,,, 251

251 ,,,,, ;,,, m,,, MPa/ m, : ( 445 g/ cm 3 ) ( 42g/ cm 3 ), 245g/ cm 3,,, 230g/ cm 3 230g/ cm 3,,, 024,,,,,,, : ( 08085) ;, : +, 70MPa, 30min90, < 14%, 0 ( 115 ) h 150mL/ 100, 1, 24h 14M Pa 3,, : a. KQ SE P,, KQ, ; 02% 04%,,, b., < 20min ( 40BC 100BC ),, 1c., H2 S,,,,,, SY ,,,,, ;,,,, 252 : (40% )

252 : () : ( ), 00231MPa/ m ( 2 ),, 6 ( 1) SM VAM SM T M N K2SC NK3SB KOFOX NSCC ,,,,,, 6 SCC, 253

253 33% 50%,,, H2 S 1% H2 S, 05% 15% 049%, H2 S 93, 510 SD4150,,, : 2445m 1778m, 224M Pa 35MPa,, 4, m,, ;,,,,, 10% ;,,,,,,,,,, 115h : p= p- p- p( ) + p p, MPa ; p, MPa ( ) ; p, MPa ; p, MPa ( ) ; p, 23M Pa 5,,,, ( ), SY5334,, P 1 2,, mm, 1M Pa,,,, 30m ; 13, 40m ; 4,, AP I 254

254 6, 2445mm 1778mm,,,, ;,,,, 1991,, , : ; ; : 2445mm1778mm,,,,, :,, ( ), %,,, ; :, ;, ; ;,, ; 1, 1778mm m, 146t (71)3 : ; ; : ( 3) :,, 178mm, 14505kN, 33mm, 8mm1442kN,, 1450 kn, 1498kN, 08mm, 75mm; 1960kN, 21mm, 3mm,,,,,,,,, 15MPa,,,,, 255

255 3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; ,,,, 115MPa,,, 12m 3,,,,, : SD27, SN2, H1 SD , SD32 SD10 135, : 110: ZW1 + RC800 + SXY2 + SE P SN2 + SY7 + SXY + SEP SD10 + H1 ( HEDP ) + SD52 + SEP g/ cm : SD10 + H1 ( ) + SD27 + SD52 + SEP g/ cm 3,,,,,,, :,,,,,, mm, 68, mm, m, 210t,, :,, mm

256 ( ),, ;,,, ( 2 ), 2 ( g/ cm 3 ) ( min) ( % ) [ ml/ ( 70M Pa30min) ] G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L % + 2L 15 % ( 11 ) CDF % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L % + 2L 15 % ( 11 ) CDF % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L % + 2L 15 % ( 11 ) CDF % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L % + 2L 15 % ( 11 ) CDF % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L % + 2L 15 % ( 11 ) CDF %,,,,,,, 200t, 240t, 70% 92%,,,,,,,, 92%,,, ( ) 1778mm : 2159mm, 120g/ cm m, m 7 23, 353t, T2 l m, T1 j m, T1 f m, T1 f 1 p2 ch mm, p m3700m 165g/ cm 3 126g/ cm m, 139g/ cm m, m 49757m 4140m, 257

257 122g/ cm 3 :, m ;, m 135g/ cm 3, ; m 184g/ cm 3,, mm (151, 120) G : SEP G : SD27SD10 H1SD52 KCl SD27SD10 H1SD52 KCl (g/ cm 3 ) (cm ) [ ml/ ( 70 MPa30 min ) ] ( % ) ( min) h ( MPa) N/ K 092/ 01,, SY532288, 00231MPa/ m,, 40s : 185MPa, ; ( ) mm : 1,, 5700mm, 3112mm T1 j 2 3, 4132m, 340mm 31835m, 3112mm m,, J2 s 1 J1 z m, m, m, m, g/ cm 3, 15m 3 / h,, 126g/ cm 3, T1 j m :, 2445mm, 2700m, m,, 191g/ cm 3 60t, 189g/ cm 3 25t, 258,,

258 100200m, 185g/ cm 3 100t 1400m, m, 185g/ cm 3 D 70t : 25MPa,, ( ) mm : 16, 260min,, 5100m, 3112mm T1 j m, 340mm 18929m, 3112mm m : 134g/ cm m,,,, 120g/ cm 3 112g/ cm m,, 4,, 56m 3 / h; m,, 110g/ cm 3 109g/ cm m, 2548m 3 / h, m, 2, 12, g/ cm 3, 3518m 2445mm,, m,, : 2700m, 2700m 140g/ cm 3,, 76t, g/ cm 3 ; 45t, g/ cm 3 ; G 8t, 182g/ cm 3 :, 25MPa, ; ( ) mm : 2159mm 175g/ cm m, P 3 1 m, m 3 / d, g/ cm m, 2, 16t, 205g/ cm 3, 210g/ cm 3, 200g/ cm 3, g/ cm m, P 1 3 m 1778mm, 45195m : 186g/ cm 3 D 10t, mm,, G 20t, 190 g/ cm 3, 70min, [D : ( 11) ] 62t204g/ cm 3, 80MPa 120MPa, 65MPa 259

259 NKK110, 3SB :, ;, 62M Pa, ;,, m 3 / d, 60MPa [1 ].., 1995, 15 (2 ) [2 ].., 1996, 13 (6 ) [3 ].., 1997, 17 (3 ) 260

260 (, : ),,,,,,,,, ;, ; ;,,,,,,,, 80, ( ) : 04m,,, m,,,,,,,, ( 1) ( % ) ( % ) ( m )

261 , ( ) 1 12m, 48mm, 124mm, 76mm 2159mm 1397mm,,,, 2 2m,, (60mm40mm),,,,, 35r/ min ( ) 1,,, 2 2 ( % ) ( m/ s) ( % ) , 40%, ; 50 %,, 1 3,, 36 % 2,, 05m, 07MPa, 16h, 9mm ( ),, 12m/ s, 3 : 12%,,,, ; 15%,,, 262

262 3 ( % ) ( m/ s) mm mm mm mm % 3 30%,,,,,,,,, v, 1, v, 1 vv, :, v v,, 35r/ min, v v5 :, S0 - S, RF T, 20,, 100%,,, ( ), 1 7M Pa 35M Pa 35MPa, 2,,, 263

263 2,,,,,,,,, 2,, (4 ) 4 ( min) ( ml/ min ) (m 2 ) ,,,, 3 7MPa, MPa, MPa, 5 5 ( min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ,,,,,, ( ), : ( pc ) ( pf ) ( pw ), : pc + pf > pw,, pc ;, pf,, 10m,,, 3 264

264 1,, K 2,, 2, K KK,, pf,, K,, K, K 3 K, t K, K K : pc K + pfk > pw, pf K = 0, : pck > pwpc w/ pw > 1pcw pw PSFPSF > 1, PSF, ( ) : PSF = p c K pw = cg Lc + m g Lm + sg Ls pw - 2 ( K + A ) pw ( D - d) Lc c m slc Lm Ls, kg/ m 3 m; 4 g, 9. 8m/ s 2 ; D, m; d, m; 4, 6,, K, Pa; A, KK, Pa e K, K tk K A 6 A t K, K ( ) t K ( min) K ( Pa) e t = 245 t e 0051 t = 38 t e 0065 t = 465 t

265 ( ) RF T, 19,, ( m ) p w ( M Pa) ( m ) p h ( Mpa) p ck ( M Pa) PSF ( % ) S S S S S S S S S J S S J S J S S S S S S P ,, 1 1 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 266

266 ( ) ( ) ( ),, 8, ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) / ( % ) / ( % ) / ( % ) :,,,, 1, 8 1, 6, ( ), 1,,,,,, A 7, 7,, 1, 2,,, 9 267

267 ,,,, 1h 30min,, ; 7h 30min,,,,,, 3, ( s ) ( MPa) ,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( s) ( MPa)

268 11,, 3, 8,,,, 2, (8 ),, 1992, 263, 9544%, 8,,, ( 12 ) 12 ( m ) ( ) ( ) ( t ) ( m ) ( % ) Pi Pi S S 3 80, 32, 50 %60 %,,,,, ( ),,,, 1,, 269

269 ,,, 2, 1397mm, 30 40mm, mm, 20M Pa, 4, 80mm, 90 ( ) A,, 14MPa,, 200mm,,, 0, :,,,,,,,, 1521mm;, 2536mm,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), :,, ( G Pa) ( 10-1 J/ cm 3 ) ( MPa 1/ 2 ) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) 1 + sxy02 % # 4 % + sxy20 % # 5 % + sxy25 % # 03 % + sxy05 % # 07 % + sxy05 % # 12 % + sxy05 %

270 ( G Pa) ( 10-1 J/ cm 3 ) ( MPa 1/ 2 ) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) 7 2 # 03 % + 20 % + sxy05 % # 07 % + 5 % + sxy05 % # 10 % + 20 % + sxy05 % # 12 % + 20 % + sxy05 % , 5 # 136M Pa, A ( 14M Pa), :,,, DSF GSN DTC DSK, OMH, ( ) 1DSF SAPP DSF,,, DSF,, DSF, 2SAPP SAPP,, SAPP Na + P2 O - 4 4,,, SAPP, Cl + Mg +,,,, 3DMH DMN,,,, 271

271 ,,, ( ), GNS DTC DSK DSK,, 14 1DSK DSK, 14 DSK ( min) ( 45 ) 8h ( MPa) 3d ( M Pa) ( 60 min) (m 2 ) A / DSK / , DSK A : DSK, 8h 19 DSK, 34min, A 90minDSK DSK,,, DSK,,, 3d A 19,, DSK, 60min 03% 9 9 DSK 7MPa, 63MPa, 07M Pa 80min, A, DSK, DSK 1993, ,, % 2 DLS, 272

272 DLS,,,,, 015m, Ca (OH)2,,, DLS,, DLS, K,, DLS DLS ( % ) ( W/ C) (g/ cm 3 ) ( cm ) ( g/ cm 3 ) (83 ) ( hmin) AI P ( 63 ( MPa) 70 MPa) ( min ) ( ml ) ( MPa) s ( Pa) K ( Pa s n ) / / / /

273 (, : ),, CBL,,,,, 1993, 1996, 29,,,,,,, 60, 70, CBLVDL, 80 CET ( PET ) SBT, CETSBT,, CBL,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ),, A0, A A0, I = A/ A0, I < 20 %, ; I = 20% 30 %, ; I > 30%, : AMP, ( G G ) AMP,,, ; 274

274 ;,,,,,, 1993,, 1996, 29, CBL 5700SBT,,, ( ) 1992, 1740m 2 22m, 7 1m16m, 20t, 17m, 6, : 3 ( 1397mm mm 1 ) ; 1 ( 1397mm 2445mm ) ; 1 ( 1270mm 1778mm ) ; 1 ( 1270mm1397mm 1778mm ) ( ) 6, ( ) ( ) ; CBL PETSBT :,,, : G,, G ; : 044, 050, 056, 066 ; : 17mm25mm31mm42mm51mm77mm, CBLPET SBT, , CBL PET, mm 1778mm 1397mm 2445mm 1270mm 1778mm, ( 772mm805mm ),,,, 275

275 ,,, ( ) ( ),,,, G,,,,,,,,, 2 28, 3t, 56 25m 80cm, 5, 15m, 56, 25m,,,,,, ( 1),,,,,,,, CBL, 5700 SBT, ( 2) ( ) 1 11, 1778mm, 6, 6, 08m25m, 155m, 25mm51mm77mm, G 2 G, 2551mm CBL SBT 51mm, G, 77mm,, 276

276 1 277

277 278 2 ( )

278 ( ) 2 12, 1397mm 6, 6, 155m, 25mm51mm, G 2 G 51mm,, 25mm, 51mm,,, ( ) 3 13, 1270mm1778mm, 5, 6, 155m127m, 31mm, G, mm,,,, G 31mm, 100%, 50% (), ( ) 4 14, 1397mm2445mm, 5, 6, 155m 15m, 44mm, G, ,, G, 42mm, 6 (125m), 0% ( 360 ) 25% ( 270 ), CBL, 50%, 75%, SBT (180 ), CBL, ( 90 )875% ( 45 ) 937 % ( 225 ),, SBT 50% 75% 875%, 935 % ( 225 ),, G, 42mm,, ( ) 5 15, 1397mm, 6, 6, 279

279 155m, 51mm, G G, 04m) 2 ( 01m02m03m, G, 45mm, 5, CBL,, SBT,, G, 51mm,,,, G, 51mm,, CBL,, SBT, CBL ( ) ( CBL ), 29,,,,,, ( G G ) AM P, ;, SBT,,, ( ) :,,, G G :,, ( ), :,,,, ;,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, 280

280 ,,,,, ,,,, :,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; G ; ; ;,,,,,,, 281

281 (, : ),, G60G60S, G64H88 H98, GRO, 190,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, : 2545h, 46h,,,,, 282

282 , 100mL, 30mL,,,,,, ( ), : G60 G60S, ; GRO, ; G64 H88H98, H88H98 ; 35% 40%, ;,, 2025g/ cm 3 310g/ cm 3 ( ),, G 1 G60 ( G60S ), G60 ( ) ( ) BHCT ( ) BHST ( ) G601 G602 G603 H98S A A A A A A (g/ cm 3 ) BHCT ( min) AP I ( ml ) 48h ( M Pa) BHCT BHST 93 ( ml ) (cm) (93 ) 300/ 200/ 100/ 6/ 3 A / 38/ 22/ 5/ 4 A / 41/ 23/ 6/ 5 A / 29/ 18/ 7/ 6 A / 34/ 22/ 9/ 8 A / 30/ 18/ 8/ 7 A / 33/ 20/ 7/ 6 283

283 1 2, 30Bc 100Bc H98 3, H98 1 A3 2 A6 3 H98 ( ), : 1 3 G60S G64, G60S G64 ( ) BHCT ( ) BHST ( ) G60S G64 GRO G603 B B B : G60S G64 ;, GRO 284

284 4 3 ( g/ cm 3 ) BHCT ( min) ( 30Bc) ( min) API ( ml ) BHST 24h ( MPa) ( ml ) ( cm ) B B B G64 H88H98,, 2 5, G60S H , G60S H98 ( ) BHCT ( ) BHST ( ) G60S H98 GRO G603 C C C C C C C : G60S ;, H98 GRO 6 5 ( g/ cm 3 ) BHCT ( min) ( 30Bc) ( min) API ( ml ) BHST 24h ( MPa) ( ml ) ( cm ) C C C C C C C H98 G64 H88,, 285

285 4 C3 5 C h ( g/ cm 3 ) ( min) ( MPa) ( ml ) ( cm ) D1 306 ( M Pa) 235 ( MPa) D2 306 ( M Pa) 428 ( MPa) D3 280 ( M Pa) 296 ( MPa) : D1 : ; D2 : D3 : ; G60 JZ202 10, 200, ( JZ92 1 ), 1500m 3000m ( ), ( BZ342P7 )CBL VDL,, 361A 14 ( 581, m ), 13 G60, 100% G60, KL1111KL1021D ( BP ) CFD231 G60S G60 H m, 130 J, 189g/ cm 3, 4055h, 100mL, 3648h,, G60S GRO G64,, 286

286 , 240g/ cm 3, 67h, AP I 30mL, 235g/ cm 3, 230g/ cm 3, 781, 4560m, 2200m, 142, 115, G60S H88 G603 G60S 50mL ; H88 ( ) G ( HSR ) 35%, 24h, CBLVDL 31,,, m, 282g/ cm 3,, 306g/ cm 3, 4h,, 310g/ cm 3,,, G60 G60S,, ( BHCT = 70190), ; BHCT BHST ; AP I 30mL ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 287

287 (, : ) (, : ) ; ;,,, km 2, 70 ;, m 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3, 25 % 50 % 80%, 80% 99% ; 781% 777%, ( ),, m, 350m ( 1874% 2522 % ), ( m m 2 ),,,, 288

288 155g/ cm 3, m,, g/ cm 3 ; g/ cm 3 130g/ cm 3,, m, 50200m; m, m,, m,, ( 56m/ h ),, m, 35m,,,, ;,,, 600m, 300m,,,,, 11115, 09510, 600m 3, ;, ;, 4, G FDN SAF QJ625HN1H3 BO3 PAC141, : 20% 28%, 12 % 21 % ;, 4% 14 %,, g/ cm 3,, min, 10h, 48h 2MPa ; min, 48h 06MPa,,,,,,, ; 48h,,,, 289

289 , ( ),,, :,, ;, ;, ;,,, ( ) 1,,,,,, 2,,,,, , 627MPa, 10MPa, 015g/ cm 3 025g/ cm 3,,, 19 ( ), :, ;, AP I (, ) ;, ; ; , 478, 3000m, 2 ( ) 290

290 ( g/ cm 3 ) 1 ( MPa) k ( % ) ( ml/ 30 min) n ( min) ( Pas n 24h 48h ) ( hmin ) ( hmin) < > < > < > 14 > < > 10 > > > > 13 > < ( m) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) , Rec Rea vrcvm ax : Rec = n Rea = v2 - n ra ( Dw - de ) n n k ( 2 n + 1/ 3 n) n 038 ( n ) vrc = 001 [ k ] n [ 8 n + 4 n ( D w - de ) ] n 2 - n vm ax = ( 095 Pdl - Pha ) ( Dw - de ) L Rec ; Rea ; n; k; D w, cm; de, cm; vrc, m/ s; 291

291 vm ax, m/ s; pdl, ph a, L, m MPa; MPa;, = 146g/ cm 3, n = 069, k = 0412 Pas n ; = 19g/ cm 3, n = 056, k = 159Pas n, 10 %, Dw = 2375cm, de = 1397cm, vrcl = 153m/ s, v rc2 = 213m/ s; 44L/ s 61 L/ s 00155MPa/ m, 0021MPa/ m, 1000m, 1600m, 210m, cm 3, 222m/ s, 116g/ 392m/ s, 33L/ s, 06115m/ s,,, m,,, : ; ; ;, :, m ; ;,,, 3,,, : ; 00135M Pa/ m, ; sl = puh/ Hy + m se = ( puh + GfyHr ) / Hr se > sl Hy + sh ( Hr - Hy ) Hr pw h, 292, g/ cm 3 ; MPa;

292 m, g/ cm 3 ; sl, g/ cm 3 ; se, g/ cm 3 ; sh, g/ cm 3 ; Hy, m; Hr, m,, ,, : ts () > 167 ts (),,,,,, ( ) 1, 02% 03%,, < 30mPa s, < 5Pa7Pa, 10min 3Pa5Pa,,,,,,,, 2,,,, :,, ;, 13min,,,,, 29 L/ m, 33 L/ m, 18 L/ s200250m, 68m 3, 611, 37min 40L/ m, 60L/ s, 40L/ s 810m 3, 16m 3 ; 34L/ s, 12m 3, 293

293 610min,,,, 3,,, : ; ; U ; ; ; ;,,,,, ( ) X Ca 2 +, G : Ca ( OH)2,, Ca ( OH)2 C1 - HCO - 3 Mg 2 +, Ca (OH)2 G, CAH ( ), Ca (OH)2, Ca ( OH)2,, G, :,, Ca ( OH ) 2, Ca ( OH)2,, Ca ( OH)2, Ca ( OH)2 ( ), Ca ( OH)2 CSH ( SiO2 ) ; ( 160g/ cm 3, ) :,,, Ca ( OH)2 ( ),, ( FMH),,, 130g/ cm 3 160g/ cm 3 294

294 1 3, X,, 3, Ca 2 +, 35, g/ cm 3,, 1m, g/ cm 3, 150g/ cm 3 10g/ cm 3, 050g/ cm 3 065g/ cm 3 ;, 02g/ cm 3 03g/ cm 3, 48h, 0, m 2,, 3,,,,,,,, ( ) : 255% 80%, 71 % 50% ; 713 % 95% ; 817% 95%, 48 % 75% (3 ) 3 ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( 7) 184 (18 ) 255 ( 25 ) 745 ( 73) ( 8) 30 ( 18 ) 433 ( 26 ) 567 ( 34) ( 16 ) 323 (9 ) 893 ( 25 ) 107 ( 3) ( 13 ) 359 (19 ) 604 ( 32 ) 396 ( 21) ( 54 ) 406 (52 ) 828 (106) 172 ( 22) ( 47) 337 (33 ) 817 ( 80 ) 183 ( 18) ( 31 ) 383 (23 ) 90 (54 ) 10 ( 6 ) ( 15 ) 393 (11 ) 929 ( 26 ) 71 ( 2 ) ( 39 ) 188 (10 ) 924 ( 49 ) 76 ( 4 ) ( 100 ) 210 (27 ) 99 ( 127 ) 09 ( 1 ) : ( ) 295

295 ( ) 27, 546% 889 %, 273% 667%, ; 727% 100%, 9% 777% (4 ) 4 ( ) ( % ) ( 3 ) 273 ( 3 ) 546 ( 6) 454 (5 ) (6 ) 333 ( 4 ) 833 ( 10 ) 167 (2 ), (9 ) 167 ( 2 ) 919 ( 11 ) 83 (1 ) (3 ) 100 ( 3) (18 ) 222 ( 6 ) 889 ( 24 ) 111 (3 ) ( 1) 636 ( 23) 727 ( 8) 273 (3 ) (9 ) 25 (3 ) 100 ( 12) (9 ) 25 (3 ) 100 ( 12) (3 ) 100 ( 13) (21 ) 223 ( 6 ) 100 ( 27) 0 : ( ) 34, 100%, 80% ( ) ; 290 ; ; , 18, [1 ], 1994 (1 ) [2 ],, 1979 ( 1) [3 ], :,

296 [4 ] :, 1993 [5 ] API Spicific Public. Cementing P ractice in the World [6 ], 1983 (1 ) [7 ] :,

297 (, : ),,, 51, 100%, 100 % 20,,,,,,,,,, SNC,,,,,,, 120g/ cm 3,,,,, 190g/ cm 3, ( 120g/ cm 3 ),,,,,,,,,,, 120g/ cm 3,,, ( ) 1,, 3 298

298 (1 ) 07g/ cm 3,,,,,,,,, g/ cm 3,,, (2 ) 07g/ cm 3, 315g/ cm 3,,,,,, (3 ),? : 30MPa 60MPa 15h,, 4% 7%, 90%,,,,,, 2,,, 1 1 ( % ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( 80 30M Pa) ( min) ( 48h 95 21M Pa) ( M Pa) ( 80 ) ( ml ) 1 J HC C203 3 % + C404 1 % + PZ 35 % J HC C % + C404 1 % + PZ 35 % J HC C203 3 % + C % + PZ 60 % , ( ) 1,, 35, 100%, 100 %, 80%, mm 3900m, 130g/ cm 3,,, 135g/ cm 3,, 299

299 8, 2445mm 4100m, 140g/ cm 3, 1300m, 150g/ cm 3, 1600m,, 1360, 1778mm 2400m, 115g/ cm 3,, 1000 m 3,, 120g/ cm 3, 950m,,,,,,,,,, pf pp, pp pf, pf > pp ;, pf - pp,, pf - pp, pm > pp,, pf > pm,, pp pf, pf - pp,,,,, pf - pp,, pf - pp,,,, U,, pf,, pm > pp,,,,,,,,, :, SNC + H20, 8m 3 + 2m 3, m 16,, 100%, 300

300 , U 301

301 (, : ),,,,,,,,,,,, , 1989,, 17, 185km 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 50, 70,, 80, 90, 1 ;, ; 2 CT ; 302

302 3, ( LWD) ( SWD) 4, 1995, 2000,, 5 ;,,,, MMH,, 6, 7, ( ) 50 60, 70 80,,, 10, 9 :, 7, 4, ;, ; 7, 3 28, 1200, ;, ; ; 303

303 ; 38 ;, ; , t, m 3, t, 245,, : ;,, ; 15, ;, ;, ; FS1, ; MMH,, ; ( ), 1200mm ;, (, ), ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ), ; ; ; ; 304

304 ,,,,, 1,,,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,, 2, m 2, m 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 3, ( ) 10-3 m 2,,, ;,,, 305

305 4,,,,,,,, 10m,, ;,,,, :,,,,, ;, 5,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ( ) ( ) : ( ), 1, :, 10 (1 ), 306

306 ,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 2% 3 %,,,,, (3 ), ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ), 4,,,,,,,,, 307

307 ,,,,,,, (4 ),, 089g/ cm 3,, (5 ) 2m,, 1024g/ cm 3, 2m,,,,,,,, (6 ) ( ),, (7 ),,,,,, 308

308 , 3000,,,, (8 ) ( FA367 ) ( XY27 ),,, (9 ) MMH, MMH MMH MMH,, 1990 MMH, MMH, 10 MMH 1000, ( ), MMH ; ;,, (10) ( ),,, 1723g/ cm 3 150,, 309

309 ,, () 2,,, ;,,,,, :, ;, :, ;, :,, ;, ;, ; : ; ; ; ;,,,,, 30% 40%, 24m 3 / h,, ( ) ( )(),,, : 310

310 , ;,, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, :, 06g/ cm 3,, ;,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,, 4 ( ), :,, ;, ;,, ;, ;, 200,, ;,, ; ;, ;, ; 10,, ( ),,, 311

311 ,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1 :, ; ; ;, (1 ),, 4,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,,, 312

312 2 : ; ; ;, (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),, 3, (1 ),, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,, 313

313 4,,, : ; ; ; ; ( ),,, 1,, : ; ;,, ; ; ; ; 2,,,, : ; 3,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 314

314 4,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; 315

315 (, : ), 10,, MMHMMH,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 61,, 5000m, m 2 15% 25%,,,,,, ( ) , X,,, , 2 : Nm Ed Ng Ng Es3 Nm Es3 NgEs2 ; Es3 Es2 Es2 Es3 Es3 Es3 ; Es4 Es , 6

316 ,,, 1 1 XLS, 21 K < 30 > 80 < 30 < < 30 > 80 < 30 < 50 > 80 > < 50 < < 30 < 30 > 80 < 50, 80 %, ( ),,,, 40,, 8 1 8,, 85% ( ) 37, 14, FcLsPAMPAMNPANN PANMMHMMHLS1, JHDS,, , : FcLsPAM 50 % ; PAM NH PAN 56% ; MMHN HPAN 752%, 88 % ; MMH LS1 95 %, ( MMHNHPANMMHLS1 ) 37 ( ),,, S3 S4 ( S m; S m; S m; S43350m ) : S1 140, S2 120, S3 S4 105, S3 S4, 135g/ cm 3, 2200m,, g/ cm 3 S3 S4,, m 3 317

317 : S1,,,, ,, g/ cm 3, 810h,, ( ) 40, 0530m 2/ 3, ( ZD1 5) ;, : ZD ZDi 3%, 10% 15%, 50100m, 100m, ZDi 100kg50kg ( ) ( ), + +,,,,,,, :,, :, ( ), ( m ) K o K od K rd p o p max / p o

318

319 ( m ) K o K od K rd p o p max / p o Ko, m 2 ; Kod, m 2 ; Krd, % ; poko, M Pa 26 : Krd 778 %, 65% 12, ( ) DKS 42, 3 3 ( m ) S DR

320 ( m ) S DR : 5, 3, 3248%, 81% ; 1996, 289, 321

321 101, 50, 522%, 173%,,, 100 ( ) ( m ) S DR T/ D MMH MMH,,, ,, 23, t, t, 28km ,, 21, MMH,,,, 100t64t, t t, 140km 2,, t ( m ) ( ) ( m) / ( t) ( g/ cm 3 ) / / / /

322 ( ) ( m) / ( t) ( g/ cm 3 ) / / / / / / / MMH / MMH 3 90, 099,, 145, m ,, 150g/ cm 3,, / ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( t ) / / / / / , MMH 501,, 17t,, t, 4,,,,, 323

323 ,,,,,,,,,,,, [1 ] :, 1995 [2 ] :, 1996 [3 ] :, 1993 [4 ], 1992 (2 ) 324

324 (, : ),,,,,, ,, 1997, 221, m,,,,,,,, 1 1 : m m, NaPAN PAM ; m KCl ( NaPANPAM) ( PSCF T1) ; m KCl PSCF T1SMP,,,, ( ),,,,,, ,,, ( ) 1,

325 ,,, 2 1,,, 3 1,, 7 ( 3400m ), 4 KCl,, 1992, KCl, 5 1, 3 3,,,, ( ),, : ; ; J T900PSC2LFD2 ; 20 ; ; ; ; ; ; 1,,, ( m ) ( m/ h) 1 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( / 10 4 m ) ( % ) ( / m ) / /

326 ,, ( ),, 300m, ;, J3q; J3q J2 q J3x, 2500m 2 :,, 20% 30%,, 10% 30%,,,, 2 ( % ) ( % ) , 40 10, / 42/ 3 1/ 41/ ( ) < 028 ( 3 ) : J2q,,, ; J2 s,, ; J2 xj2 sj2b,,,,, J2s,,,, : 327

327 3 CEC V R D S S I/ S I K C ( m ) J 2q 2000,, > 16 > 16 > 800 > 7 10 < 40,, J 2 x 2500, J 2q 2000, > < 10 < > > J 2 x 2500,, < 8 < 10 > 800 < 40 J 2 x 3000,, 90 6 < 35 < 12 < 10 > 90 < 500 < 5 > > 10 > J 2 x J 2 x J 2s 2500,, ( ) J 2b ; ; J3k J3q /,, J3q J2q, J2 x, ; J2q J2 sj2x < 10, ,,, ;, ( ) 1 (1 ) 1, FA367, PV YP FA367 03%, PV, 1, FA %, 1 FA367,,, 1, 90, PV 328

328 YP, J3q 4, FA367 03% 04%,,, 4 FA367 ( % ) ( ) : 5 % + 03 % NH 4 PAN + 02 % XY % LFD2 + FA367 (2 ) 5, 2 3,, 150/ 16h ( 4 ),, , AV 30%, 5 ( ) ( g/ cm 3 ) AV ( mpa. s ) P V YP G E I API ( mpa. s ) ( Pa) ( Pa/ Pa) ( ml/ mm ) ph HT HP ( ml/ mm ) # / / / h / 35 38/ / 20 2 # / / / h / 35 44/ / 20 3 # / 48/ / h / 20 50/ 05 / 4 # / 45/ h / 40 70/ 05 / : 1 # : 45 % + 04 % K PAM + 1 % SP NH + 05 % NH 4 PAN + 5 % P SC % XY % LFD2 + 3 % QCX + 10 % BaSO 4 2 # : 45 % + 04 % FA % SP NH + 05 % N H 4 P AN + 5 % PSC % XY % LFD % QCX + 10 % BaSO 4 3 # : 5 % + 04 % 80A % NaPA N + 2 % P SC2 + 2 % SMC + 3 % LFD2 + 3 % QCX + 15 % BaSO 4 4 # : 5 % + 04 % FA % S PN H + 02 % JT % N W1 + 2 % PSC2 + 2 % SMC + 01 % XY % LFD % QCX + 15 % BaSO

329

330 4 HTHP AV (3 ) 5,,, API HTHP,,, (4 ) 6 KCl 6 KCl ( g/ cm 3 ) T ( s ) B ( ml ) K ( mm ) GeI ( Pa/ Pa) PV ( m Pas) Y P ( Pa) MBT ( g/ L ) Cl - ( mg/ L ) % / KCl KCl 2 1 # + 10 % PSC / P SC2 3 1 # + 15 % KCl / # + 15 % KCl / # + 10 % PSC /

331 ( g/ cm 3 ) T ( s ) B ( ml ) K ( mm ) GeI ( Pa/ Pa) PV ( m Pas) Y P ( Pa) MBT ( g/ L ) Cl - ( mg/ L ) 6 5 # + 1 % KCl / # + 1 % PSC / % QS % BaSO 4 6, KCl, PSC2 2,, ( 7) 7 ( % ) (8 12 ) K PAM ( 03 05) NH 4 PAN (0305 ) XY27 LFD2 F A367 ( 03 04) JT 900 ( 0305 ) SAS 80A51 / KP AM / P AN KNaCaN H 4 JS90 FA367, JT SK ( 0305 ) ( 03 05) ( ) ( 2 5 ) PSC2 PSC SM P ( 05 1) + SMP + SMC S PNH + ( 3 5 ) Q S (2 4) + KCl ( 35 ) ( s ) ( ml ) ( mm) P V ( mpas ) ( Pa) Q 1 Q 10 ph ( g/ L ) K f H T H P ( ml ) < < < < < 015 < < 5 05 < 015 <

332 ( ) X,,, (),,,, 1 ( 9),, : 9 ( m/ d) ( mg/ L ) \ : > > > > \ : > > > \ K 1h : > > \ J 2s : > > > \ : > > >, ; ph (11), ;,,,,, 2 :,,,, 20MPa,,, 10% 333

333 ,, 90%,, ;,,, 60% 70% ;, 50% 20M Pa,, 30% 40 %,,,, 300m; 80m, 1300m 3,,, :,,,,, ( ) :,, : p, p,, p,,, ( ),, p LF1EP1,,, ( ),,,,,, 4 (1 ), 2/ 3,, QCX2, ( 1012) :, ;,, ;

334 2cm, 5 QCX2 10 ( h ) ( ) ( MPa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) HH HH S N HN HN : K ; K 1 ; K 1 / K ; : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO % K PAM + 04 % NaHPAN + 03 % XY % JT % FT1 + 2 % SMP + 2 % PSC2 11 ( h) ( ) ( M Pa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) SN % QCX HH % QCX HH % QCX H H % QCX MX % QCX SM % QCX : : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO % K PAM + 04 % NaHPA N + 03 % XY % JT % FT1 + 2 % SM P + 2 % PSC2 335

335 12 ( h ) ( ) ( M Pa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) (cm ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) SN % QCX PB % QCX PB % QCX HN % QCX : : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO % K PAM + 04 % NaHPA N + 03 % XY % JT % FT1 + 2 % SM P + 2 % PSC2 (2 ) HL2 ( 50) F T1 ( 80) ( 13 ), HL2, F T1 13 HL2FT1 ( h ) ( ) ( MPa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) SB30158 K + 3 % QCX FT % QCX K + 3 % QCX K + 3 % QCX SB301109K + 3 % QCX H L2 157K + 3 % QCX K + 3 % QCX SB30158 K + 3 % QCX : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO % KP AM + 04 % NaHPAN + 03 % XY % JT % FT % SMP + 2 % P SC2; : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO % KP AM + 04 % NaH PAN + 03 % XY % JT % HL % SMP + 2 % P SC2 (3 ) (m ) ( ml/ min) ( M Pa) ( min) ( ml ) ( M Pa) ( ml/ min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 40 ( MPa)

336 (m ) 15 +3% + 004% ( ml/ min) ( M Pa) ( min) ( ml ) ( M Pa) ( ml/ min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 40 ( MPa) # % + 015% (m ) ( ml/ min) ( M Pa) ( min) ( ml ) ( M Pa) ( ml/ min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 40 ( MPa) %+015%+ 2%EP1 K oo ( 10-3 m 2 ) K w ( 10-3 m 2 ) K d ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( MPa) ( M Pa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( % ) ,, 15, 004%,, 16, 015 %, 17, E P1,, 70%, EP1 337

337 ( ) 1, : + Na2 CO3 8% 12% 05% 07% Na2 CO3 50s 01 % NaOH :, ;, 2 J3q, : , Na2 CO3, 4060 g/ L,,,, :,,,, %, 11 3 J3q, : + +,, J3q PSC2 ( ) CaCO3, XY g/ L,,, : J3q,, 338,,,

338 ,,, PSC2 SPNH SMP + SMC PSC1 + SMP,, RT443 4,,, KCl ( 3% 5% ), KCl,, PSC2SPNH,, ( ), 50100m,,, 3% ( WCX2 )15% 2 % ( HL2 F T1 )1 %, 3% ( LF1 )2% ( EP1 ), ph,,,,, XY27 ( 05200m), ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( 18 ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % )

339 1994 : ; ; ;, ;, ( 1921 ),, (6 ), (22), (79), : 6277% 470% 420 % ; 268% 151% 110% ; 89h23min75 h2min 74h40min; 1103% 970% 544 % S ( % ) J 2 x J 2s J 2 x J 2q J 2 x J 2s J 2 x J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2 x J 2q J 2q J 2s J 2s J 2q J 2q J 2 x J 2s J 2s

340 S ( % ) J 2q J 2s J 2s J 2 x J 2q J 2 x J 2s J 1s J 2 x J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s T S ( % ) J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2 x J 2s J 3k K 1h J 2s J 2 x J 2 x J 2q

341 S ( % ) J 3k J 2 x J 2s J 2s J 2s K 1h K 1h J 2s J 2s J 2s J 2s P S J 2 s J 2q

342

343

344 ( hmin ) ( % ) ( hmin ) ( % ) ( hmin) ( % ) ( hmin/ ) ( hmin ) ( d/ 10 3 m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) , : 1 3 ; , ; 68, 65,, t, 65 38t, 42%,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 345

345 ,,, 346

346 (, : ),, ( ),, 1966 ( 6, m ), m (),,, : : ( ) ( FClS ) ( CMC) ( NaC), 6 ( m)2 ( 5006m) ; 57 ( 5127m ) ; 2 ( 5163m ) : 70 ( SM P ) ( SMC) ( SMT ) ( 6011m) (7175m) : 70 80,, ( PHPA KPHPANH4 PHPA ) ( KCl), 347

347 ( CPAMCHMSP2 ) ( NW1CSW1 ),,,, : ; :,, ;,,,,,, YK1 YK1 3112mm (1 ),,,,,, 3900m (124d), 891%, ( m ) 1832%, 4802m (230d),, m 1987%, ( m ) 1056 % 6327% 1 YK1 (2 1) ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) Q UA FEL CA L GYP O T H I/ S ILL CH L C/ S I/ S C/ S

348 ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) Q UA FEL CA L GYP O T H I/ S ILL CH L C/ S I/ S C/ S : QU A: ; FEL : ; CAL : ; GY P: ; O T H: ( ) ; I/ S: /, I LL : ; CHL : ; C/ S: / 2 YK1 ( mm ) ( m ) ( d ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( g/ cm 3 )

349 ,,,, YK1 2127mm m 83d, 5440m ( 51d),, g/ cm 3,, 129cm 59cm 14cm,,,,,,, ( 2 ),, :,,, 1 YK1 3112mm2127mm,,,,, 350

350 :,, 3, ;,, (2 ) ;,,, 3 TAC1 ( % ) ( m ) ( % ) ( ) ( ) TZ18, ( 127g/ cm 3, FV = 50s ) m, (2159mm 4318mm, 3 ),,, m, TAC1 4001m, 6105m 2445mm 2159mm (112g/ cm 3 ) 5558m,,,, 6097m mm, mm (2) 63928m,,, ( m 308 ),, 351

351 2 TAC m, : 160g/ cm 3 ;, ;,, 352

352 3 TZ18,,, ( 2), : 353

353 ,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 1, H4 : H m m 2445mm 3080m, 109g/ cm 3, m,, ( 112g/ cm 3 113g/ cm 3, FV 42s 6080s, Cl mg/ L mg/ L),,,, ( 45) g/ cm 3, 5804m, 4 H4 ( m ) ( m 3 / h) ( m 3 ) : 06t 3t 15t t ( 10M Pa)

354 5 H4 ( m ) , t , 175t t t 5 165t 195t , 1030t, 185g/ cm 3, 7, 5475m,, 193g/ cm 3,, ( 6) 6 H4 ( g/ cm 3 ) ( hmin) m m 18t m 15t m 20t m 20t m , N K1 : NK1 2445mm m, 2127mm ( m ), 180m, 70m,, 17m ; m ( 7) 7 NK1 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m )

355 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) , 7, 6, ( 6 ) 90670m, m, 540d, 635 NK1 8 8 NK1 Cl - (g/ cm 3 ) ( mg/ L ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) , 4, 4 23, 1588 mm 127mm, ,,,,, 200t ( 138t),,, ,, ; 3 47m 3, ; ; ,,, 142t 200t250t ;, 5,, t, 208t ,,,,, , 4789 m 185MPa 28M Pa,,,, ;, 30220t, 238t,, ( 90m 3 ),,,, 356

356 3, YK1 : YK1 3112mm 4802m, 2445mm m2127mm 6406m m ( 1),,, 181g/ cm 3 160g/ cm 3,, Ca 2 +, 300mg/ L 1940mg/ L,,, ( 9 ),,,,, 4802m5832m ; Ca 2 +, ( ) ; m,,,,, m 112h,,, 9 YK1 Cl - Ca 2 + ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( mg/ L ) ( mg/ L ) ,, :,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 357

357 ,,,, ; YK1, m 93, 78810m,,, ( ) 6198m : g/ cm 3 65s m,,,, g/ cm 3 ( 6198m, 194g/ cm 3, : FV : 55s, PV: 30mPas, YP : 25Pa, GELS: 16/ 34Pa, AP I FL : 40m, HTHP F L: 114mL, Cl - : 80000mg/ L, Ca 2 + : 4600mg/ L ), 10,,, 225h 10 YK1 FV PV Y P GELS A PI FL H T H P Cl - Ca 2 + ( m ) (g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( m Pas) ( Pa) ( Pa) ( ml ) FL ( ml ) ( mg/ L ) ( mg/ L ) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

358 FV PV Y P GELS A PI FL H T H P Cl - Ca 2 + ( m ) (g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( m Pas) ( Pa) ( Pa) ( ml ) FL ( ml ) ( mg/ L ) ( mg/ L ) / / / / / / / m : 221g/ cm 3 ( FV : 76s, PV : 75mPas, YP: 10Pa, GELS: 5/ 20Pa, API FL : 20mL, HTHP FL : 68mL) m, m,,, 230g/ cm 3, 4791m ( m ), ( 105m 3 / h ) 236g/ cm 3,,,,,, 5080m, ATJ33, 233g/ cm 3 235g/ cm 3, :, ; m,, 160g/ cm 3, 235g/ cm 3,, ; (17min ),,, 19329m, 2064mm 19248m, 244g/ cm 3, 1050h ( 221g/ cm 3 ) : : 130g/ cm 3, FV : 38s, Cl - : mg/ L, Ca 2 + : 28000mg/ LYK1 ( : m m ), : Cl - : mg/ L, Ca 2 + : 30525mg/ L, Mg 2 + : 1600mg/ L,,,,, TZ m, m, 122g/ cm 3 129g/ cm 3,, 3110m, 7m, m,, 448m, 128g/ cm 3 397m 3 ; ( 7m 3 ), 108g/ cm 3 20m 3,,,,,, 29079m, 41521m, 127mm 2902m,, 3519m, 359

359 2445mm m, 1584 h,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 382, 45, 117%, 10, 8, ( ) MC1, 3784m,, 43d, 1326 TG1 3660m, 1400 m 3, 100d, 095g/ cm 3,,,, 1997,, : a:,,, b :,,,, c :,,, d :, e,, 360

360 ,,, a,,,, b,,,,, c,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( ), ;,,,, 1Changhao Piao, Licao Qin, Danqing Shen and Yingmin Li, RIP ED, CNPC. Study on HD CDF and its Application in Troublesome Ultra - Deep Well. SPE 38056, 1997 SP E Asia Pa cific Oil and Gas Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1416 April ,,.. :,

361 (, : ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ;,,,,, ( 450m ) ( m ), 70%,, 110g/ cm 3,,,,, ASS 4,,,,,,,,,,,,, 28m/ h 6m/ h, 177d 70d, ASS4, 362

362 ( ),,, ; 1,,,, : ,, 67h25min 37h,, a: 4 10 ( ), 34% 68 %, I/ S 38 %66%, CST 73183s, V 2h 17% 29%, V 24h 27 % 42%, CEC mmol/ 100g, 25 %, CEC 655mmol/ 100g, V2h 112%, V24h 277 %,,, 13cm b:, c: 5 8,,,,,,,, 25m,,,, : , 2000 m 3, 450 h,,,,, 113g/ cm 3 :,,, %, 37% 44%,,,,,,,,,,, : , 2,, 363

363 2,,, : vm = e 10539/ ( R = 0889 ) ; : vm = 1739PV ( R = 090) ; : vm = 0202FL ( R = 0891) ; : - vm = ( R = 088 ) vm, m/ h;, g/ cm 3 ; PV, mpa s; F LAP I, ml ; ( ), mpas,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1,, :,,,,,,,,,, 2, : ( 0450m ) :,,,, 364

364 ( m) :,,,, ( ) ( m) :, :,, : 3, ( ), : a: + FA % 03% + CaCl2 01% 02% ; b: ( 3% 6% ) + FA % 03% + XY27 02% 04% + JT41 01% 05% + ( F T342 3% ) () : + PHP 01% 03% + CaCl2 01 % 02% (KCl 05% 1% ) : a: + CPAM 1% 2% (65 % ) + TDC15 02% 05% (60% ) ; b: + CPAM 1% 2 % ( 65 % ) + TDC15 03% 05% ( 60 % ) + HEC ( DT1 ) 03 % 05% + HPS 03% 1% + QS2 1 % 3% 1 1 ( g/ cm 3 ) u FV ( s) q FL ( ml ) C T ( mm ) A V ( m Pas ) P V ( m Pas ) Y P ( mpas ) ( mpa s ) ph R 30 ( % ) R 30 ( % )

365 ( g/ cm 3 ) u FV ( s) q FL ( ml ) C T ( mm ) A V ( m Pas ) P V ( m Pas ) Y P ( mpas ) ( mpa s ) ph R 30 ( % ) R 30 ( % ) ( ),,, : ;,, ;, ;,,, ( ), : SB Kg1 Kg2 Kg 1, 2 2 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 p T Z ) ( MPa) ( h : m ) ( L/ S ) K g2 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K = K g1 - K g2 K g1 100 % CaCO KCl KCl + CS

366 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 p T Z ) ( MPa) ( h : m ) ( L/ S ) K g2 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K = K g1 - K g2 K g1 100 % KCl CaCO : ,, 2,, ( 35M Pa),,,,,,,,,, 12cm ( ) 1,,,,,,,, 2,, 3 3 ( ) S w ( % ) 30 min/ 60 min S w ( % ) S w K g ( 10-3 m 2 ) S w = 0 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K g0 - K g K g0 100 % ( % ) min min min 367

367 ( ) S w ( % ) 30 min/ 60 min S w ( % ) S w K g ( 10-3 m 2 ) S w = 0 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K g0 - K g K g0 100 % ( % ) min min min min min min 3, 80%,,, 781%, ( ),,,,, 4 4 SB ( 10-3 m 2 ) K v K w K K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) : K 1 K 2 K MPa SB ; K 6 24h K 5 SB ; K v : K w ; K 368

368 4,,,,,, mg/ L, ( ),,,,, Kg, 5 5 ( 10-3 m 2 ) ,, Kg,, 2 2, 200MPa 276 ( ) PH PKPAMCMCSMCSMPSMT, ph,, ( ) 1, ( ),,, ( ) ( ), 6 6 ( MPa) ( % ) > 90 % ( % ) ( % ) ( % )

369 ( MPa) ( % ) > 90 % ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) , 35M Pa,,, ; 60MPa, ;,,,,,,,, 2,, % EA S w0 S w1 S w1 S w2 S w1 S w2 S w1 S w : S w1 30min ; S w2 60min 7, 5 % EA, 30min, 341% 2686 %, 60min, 141% 311%, EA,,, 7% 13% 3,, ;,,, 8 8 SB ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( % ) K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 1 K 2 K YH % T DC15 05 % T DC15 05 % BCS851 ( ) 05 % 370

370 SB ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( % ) K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 1 K 2 K YH % T DC15 05 % BCS851 ( ) 05 % : K 1 K 2 K 3 K MPa SB ; K 5 24h K 4 SB ; K 1 ; K 2 ; K 3 8,, TDC15 4,,,,,,,, :,,,, ; EA,, ;, ;,,,, ASS4 ( ) 1991, 30, (51 ASS4 ) , ,,,,,, mL,,, 371

371 , ASS4,,,,,, QS2, ( ),,,, g/ cm g/ cm 3, 15 18s, 13mPa s3257m ( ),, g/ cm 3, FV 1516s,,, 70 %,,, 110g/ cm 3,, HTHP ( 14 16mL),,,, 9, ( m 3 ) ( h) ( h) ( h) ,,,,, m/ h, m/ h, m/ h, m/ h 2915% 5461% 6738 %, d m/ h, 372

372 70d ( ) H ( m ) H ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( m Pas) ( m/ h) v m ( % ) ( d) ( d) ( ) 51 ASS4,, ;, ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) % ASS , ASS4,,,,,,

373 12 ( ) ( 10 4 m 3 / d ) + FD % HCl % HCl % HCl % HCl % HCl ASS % HCl 29479,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 3300 m,,,,,,,,, ( ), 3000 m,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 374

374 (, : ),,,, 1965 ( 2 ) , 1977, 1988,, t/ a (,,,,, ), :, ;,,,, 80, 26,, S1 () 100%, ) 75%, S < 0 (,, ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 375

375 ,,, vfd p m d v d x : vfd = fd0 + ( p m ) d v d x, V A t KCcCm : K ( Cc - 1) Cm V = A pt,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),, g/ cm 3 ;,, ( ),, 125g/ cm 3 ;,,, g/ cm , 1011,, 0205,,,,,, 80,, 26,,, Eq4,, 3t/ d,,,,,,,, : +,, 80% 90% ;, ( NaClKClCaCl2 ),,, ;,,

376 1213 S , DR1,,,,, 1993,, ( ) 6900km 2, ( ),,, ( ) : 1966, 10, 16, 14, 3, : 1967, t/ d,, , 2, 05km 3,,,, 1975, , : 1978, ,, 1, :, 1993, 24 ( ) , 160,,,,,, 75%,,, ( ), :,, 567 %, 34 %, 87% ; 84%, 34%, 42%, 49%, 9 % : 1781%, m 2,, 273m, ( ) 10 4 mg/ L, CaCl2, Ca 2 + ( 46) 10 3 mg/ L 1011, :,,, () ( 4993 ) 10 4 mg/ L, 24, (80 ), 377

377 , NaKNaOH, : ( ) 125g/ cm 3, 13g/ cm 3 ; ; 810mL ; ph 912 ; mg/ L, :, ( 085g/ cm 3 ),,,, 122d,,, ( ) 1993,,, m (),,,, 55t/ d, 5, t/ d 28301,, ( 1600m ) (),, < 105g/ cm 3 ( 115g/ cm 3 ), (), ( 20% ), g/ cm 3,,, 3112mm, 80%,,,,,, ,, 129g/ cm m () :,,,,, 129g/ cm g/ cm 3,, ph,,,,, ( - 237, 013), 27,,, 27 27, ,, ( ) 130g/ cm 3, 378

378 72 ( ),,, 0316,, 24 ( ),,,,, ( ),, ( ph ),, AP I HTHP,,,,,, ,, ( ) : : a, 16 % 4% ; b 40% 70%,, ; c, : ( ), 1, : a,, 30, b,,,,, c, ( ),, 10 (5 ),,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ), 100% ( ),,,,,, : 20% 70% 379

379 , 65%, 43% 72 %, 1 1 ( d) (d ) : : ( ) : , 10d ( ), K K1, 80% (2) 2 ( m ) K / K 1 ( % ) , 60%, (83% ) 83% ( ) ( S, DR ),, ( ) 380

380 3 3 ( m ) S DR 1 41 Ex Eq Eq Eq Eq Eq Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex S0 S1 S > ( g/ cm 3 ) ( M Pa) S :, S0 75%, S1 100%,,,, ( ), S0 485%, S1 576 %, ( S > 0 515%, S 769) 3, ( ),,,, 02, 410MPa,,, ( ) 381

381 ,, ( NaCl),,, KClCaCl2 ph,,, ( ) ( ),,, (),,, : ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, [1 ], :, 1993 [2 ], :, 1995 ( 317 ) 382