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1 1 93 ( ) ( ) 2 ) 49 3 ( ) 4 1 Ns

2 ( ) -- ( ) Bauman Bauman Bauman Bauman Aries (The Tame Death) Zygmunt Bauman,

3 Bauman Bauman ( 2001) (2003) 8 9 Philippe Aries, L Homme devant la mortp Margaret Lock, 2002, Twice Dead, p319 3

4 4 (2000)? 10 10

5 5 11 Pearson.I.Y(1995) (2001) 11 Kubler-Ross

6 6 Kubler-Ross 12 12

7 7 ( ) Aries ( ) ( 2001) Watts(1977)McDonald(1981)Rublee & Yarber(1983) ( 1990)Dickinson (1980) (200315)

8 8 -- Laura Epstein (2005) Foucault Foucault Foucault Foucault Laura Epstein 8

9 9 (2002) ( )

10 10 14 Aries -- Bauman ( )

11 11 Bauman Aries Aries ( ) Foucault

12 Foucault Foucault Laura Epstein 15 Laura Epstein Foucault (1) (2) Foucault (discipline) 16 Foucault (Punish and discipline) Foucault Laura Epstein Graham Burchell et al.,1991, The Foucault Effect,p83 12

13 White Michael (consensual validation) White 18 Foucault (Sophist) Laura Epstein 2005 White Michael White Michael 19 13

14 Foucault 20 Foucault Mckerrow 21 (doxastic knowledge) 22 (1993) 23 ( ) (Sophist) (Protagoras) Foucault Foucault p247 Foucault 21 (2000)

15 15 ( ) ( ) ( ) 88

16 () () ()

17 17 OPO OPO () () () 24 OPO 13

18 18? Foucault (economic) (Population) (Statistics)

19 25 26 empowerment Solomon Graham Burchell et al.,1991,govermmentalitythe Foucault Effect, p99 26 Laura Epstein Solomon 19

20 White Michael?? (1998)

21 21 Laura Epstein(2005) Epstein, Laura

22 22 OPO

23 30 ( ) 31 Neil Bract ( ) Neil Bract 23

24 24 (Bs)

25 25 Steven Poter ( 2000) Bauman

26 26 Bauman Bauman Bauman Bauman

27 27 Bauman 34 (1988) (David Sudnow)Passing OnThe Social Organization of Dying

28 28 35 Aries

29 (thanatology) Herman Feifel(1959)Kubler-Ross(1969) Kubler-Ross Jenny Hockey David Clark,1993, The sociology of Death theory, culture, practice, p131jenny Hockey The acceptable face of human grief 29

30 30 39 Jenny Hockey Dickinson & Pearson(1980) 39 p131jenny Hockey ( )

31 31 (2000)?? (1997) (2000) 40 ( 1995) ( 2003) 40 16

32 32 ( 1992) 41 ( 1990) ( 1993) ( 1981)

33 33 42 (2003) 43 Laurence J. O Connell (Myth) (Religion) (scientific)

34 (Meaning) 44?? 82?? Laurence J. O Connell et al., 1996, Organ TransplantationMeaning and Realitie, p28 The Realities of Organ Transplantation 34

35 35 ( 1997; 2000) ( )15. ( ) ( ) ( ) ;

36 36 () () () 47 ( ) ( ) () (

37 ) () (1) (2) (3)

38 ()

39 39 * *** *** *** *** *** *** *

40 (OPO) *** *** *** *** *** *** ()

41 (Ms) Foucault Graham Burchell et al.,1991, The Foucault Effect, 41

42 42 (Bs) () Ms Bs

43 43?? Kubler-Ross?? Foucault

44 52 Laura Epstein Kubler-Ross Elisabeth Kubler-Ross(1969)?? 53 Foucault 52 Michel Foucault Foucault Henriette Cornier Henriette Cornier Henriette Cornier Henriette Cornier Henriette Cornier 53 Laura Epstein

45 45

46 46?? OPO OPO OPO?? OPO

47 As Bs Cs Ds Es Fs Gs Hs Is Js Ks Ls Ms Ns Os OPO (coordinator) 54 Ac Bc OPO (coordinator) 47

48 Af Bf (OPO) (ICU) 55 ( ) ( )

49 49 * OPO

50 50 (Brain Death)?? (CPR)

51 51 Margaret Lock(200235) 60 60

52 52 ICU (As) condition ( )

53 53 (Ac) ( ) (Bs) (2002)

54 54?? Goffman(199224) (Bs) Foucault

55 55 61 DM (As) (Bs) 61 Michael Foucault

56 56 62 (ICU ) (As)

57 57 ICU (As) (Bs)

58 58 (Af) ( ) ( ) (Cs)

59 59 ( ) (Cs)

60 60 19 ( ICU) 64 ( ) (Cs) 64 OPO

61 61 (Bf)

62 (As) Kubler-Ross(1969) Kubler-Ross Kubler-Ross Pilsecker (inevitable) 65 Kaufmann(1976) Kubler-Ross Pilsecker Kubler-Ross 66 David ClarkThe Sociology of Death: theory, culture, practice, p73. Jane Littlewood The deanial of death Kaufmann Kubler-Ross 62

63 63 (BS) Foucault

64 64 (key person) 67 Ac key person 67 key person

65 65 Bs (1999) Cs

66 66 Key person (Ac)

67 67 19 (Cs)

68 68 (2000).. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

69 69 ( ) ( ). ( ) () (Bs) ()

70 70 () (As) OPO ( ) Bs ( ) Cs

71 71 26 (Ac)????

72 72 Is ( ) ( ) (Af) Aries Aries

73 73 ( ) Ms

74 74 (As

75 75?? Foucault

76 76???? (1996) 69 Bauman 69

77 77 Aries Foucault ( ) (2002)

78 78

79 79 (2002) 70 Mckerrow Foucault Sonja Foss et al

80 McKerrow (naming) 72 White Foucault (Social availability of preferred stories) 73 (1999) (2000) Laura Epstein

81 74 ( ) () 75 Laurence J.O Connell?? Laurence J.O Connell 76 (Cs) O Connell, Laurence J. et al., 1996, Organ TransplantationMeaning and Realities, p34. 81

82 82 Laurence J. O Connell p26

83 83 (Ds)

84 84 20 (Cs) OPO OPO

85 85 (Cs)

86 86 (Es) ( ) (As)

87 87 (Cs)

88 88 (Bs) ( ) ( ) (Bf)

89 89 Mckerrow

90 90 () (Bs) ( )

91 91 (Bs) () (As)

92 92 Bs (Cs)?? 78 Bauman 78

93 93 (Cs) (200363)

94 94 (As) Goffman Erving Goffman,1992

95 95 ( ) (Cs) ( ) (Is)

96 96

97 Laura Epstein 2005

98 98

99 99 (Js) 1. Bauman

100 Foucault

101 101

102 p ( ) ?? ??

103 ()

104 (2004/5/30) /news/ / htm Bauman, Zygmunt Epstein, Laura. Irving, Allan & Chambon, Adrienne S Foster, George. M. 104

105 1992 Foucault, Michel Foss, Sonja.& Trapp, Robert Goffman, Erving Worden, J. William 1995 (Grief Counseling & Grief Therapy) Aries, Philippe (1981) The Hour of Our Death. New YorkOxford University Press. Burchell, Graham. Gordon, Colin & Miller, Peter (1991) The Foucault effectstudies in governmentalitywith two lectures by and interview with Michel Foucault. ChicagoUniversity of Chicago press. Clark, David(1993) The Sociology of Deaththeory, culture, practice. Oxford Blackwell. Dickenson, Donna. Johnson, Malcolm & Katz, Jeanne S.( 2000) Death, Dying and Bereavement. LondonSAGE Publication. Feifel, Herman (1959) New Meaning of Death. New YorkMcGraw-Hill Inc. 105

106 Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth(1969) On death and dying. New YorkMaxwell Macmillan international. Kaufmann, W. (1976) Existentialism, Religion and Death. LondonNew English Library Lock, Margaret (2002)Twice Dead- - Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley and Los AngelesUniversity of California press. MacDonald, G.W. (1976) Sex, Religion, and risk-taking behavior as Correlates of death anxiety. Omega, 7(1), p Pearson, I. Y.Bazeley, P.Spencer-Plane, T.Chapman, J. R. &Robertson, P. (1995) A Survey of Families of Brain Dead PatientsTheir Experience, Attitude to Organ Donation and Transplantation.in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 23(1), p Rublee, D.A. & Yarber, W.L. (1983)Instructional units of death educationthe impact of amount of classroom time on change in death attitudes.in Journal of School Health, 53(7), p Sudnow, David(1967) Passing OnThe Social Organization of Dying. Englewood Cliffs N.J.Prentice-Hall. Watts, P. R. (1977)Evaluation of death attitude change resulting from a death education instructional unit.in Death Education, 1, p O Connell, Laurence J. Fox, Renee C.& Youngner, Stuart J. ( 1996) Organ TransplantationMeaning and Realities. MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin Press. 106

1998 91 Goffman 1980 1980 2

* Hui-Ping Chen * [email protected] 1998 91 Goffman 1980 1980 2 1 Susan R. Whyte Benedicte Ingstad 1995 9 1 11 3 2 3 1943 4 Claire H. Liachowitz 1998 28 1980 2 1992 840-841 1996 107 3 Susan Reynolds