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1 Powador 2500xi 3600xi 4000xi 4500xi 5000xi Operating instructions Operator Skilled and authorised electrician The next generation of transformerless inverters with an integrated DC disconnector.

2 The installation instructions for authorised electricians begin after the operating instructions Intended for use by the operator Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi General Notes About This Documentation Retention of documents Symbols used in this document CE marking Name plate Safety Instructions and Regulations Notes on Installation and Operation Intended use Factory warranty and liability Service Operation Overview of controls and displays LED displays Keys 1 and Level 1 menu - Display menu Level 2 menu - Confi guration mode DC disconnector Night start-up key The serial RS232 interface The RS485 interface Display Troubleshooting Recycling and Disposal Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 3

3 Section 1 About This Documentation General Notes By purchasing an inverter from KACO new energy GmbH, you have opted for a reliable, high-performance technology and will profi t from KACO new energy GmbH s many years of experience in the fi eld of current inverter technology and power electronics. The Powador 2500xi, 3600xi, 4000xi, 4500xi and 5000xi inverters are transformerless, fanless, robust, high-effi ciency inverters. Using the illuminated display and intuitive menu navigation, you can display the most important information pertaining to the inverter s grid feed. The mounting plate that is included provides for optimal and simple installation on a wall. The inverter s data can be transmitted over the serial interface to a PC, where it can then be visualised. With protection class IP54, the units are ready for operation in all ambient conditions. The inverters can also be used without hesitation in agriculture and industry. 1 About This Documentation The following notes guide you through all of the documentation. Additional documents are applicable in conjunction with these operating and installation instructions. We assume no liability for any damage caused by failure to observe these instructions. Other applicable documents When installing the inverters, be sure to observe all assembly and installation instructions for components and other parts of the system. These instructions are delivered together with the respective components and additional parts of the system. 1.1 Retention of documents Please pass these operating and installation instructions on to the plant operator. These documents must be stored next to the system and must be available at all times. CAUTION Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner may lead to minor or moderate bodily injury or to serious damage to property. ATTENTION Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner may lead to damage to property. Useful information and notes. NOTE ACTION This symbol indicates that a certain action is required. IMPORTANT Failure to observe this information may result in reduced convenience or impaired functionality. 1.2 Symbols used in this document When installing the inverter, observe the safety instructions provided in these installation instructions. DANGER Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner will directly lead to serious bodily injury or death. WARNING Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner may directly lead to serious bodily injury or death. 1.3 CE marking Danger due to lethal voltages. The CE marking is used to document that the Powador inverter shown on the name plate fulfi lls the fundamental requirements of the following relevant directives: Directive concerning electromagnetic compatibility (Council Directive 2004/108/EC) Low Voltage Directive (Council Directive 2006/95/EC). 1.4 Name plate The name plate showing the exact designation of the unit is located on the support plate on the underside of the housing. Page 4 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

4 Section 2 Safety Instructions and Regulations Section 3 Notes on Installation and Operation 2 Safety Instructions and Regulations Danger due to lethal voltages. DANGER Lethal voltages are present within the unit and on the power supply lines. Therefore, only skilled and authorised electricians may install and open the unit. Even when the unit is switched off, high contact voltages may still be present inside the unit. Thoroughly inspect the inverter upon delivery. If you discover any damage to the packaging which indicates that the inverter may have been damaged, or if you discover any visible damage to the inverter, notify the responsible shipping company immediately. If necessary, your solar installer or KACO new energy GmbH will assist you. Damage reports must be received by the shipping company in writing within six days of receipt of the goods. When transporting the inverter, the original or equivalent packaging is to be used, as this ensures safe transport. 3 Notes on Installation and Operation Accident prevention regulations The inverter must be installed by an authorised electrician, who is responsible for observing existing standards and regulations. The proper and safe operation of this unit requires proper transportation, storage, assembly and installation, as well as careful operation and maintenance. The inverter may only be operated by persons who have read and understood the operating instructions. Modifications Modifi cations to the inverter are generally prohibited. Always consult an authorised electrician for modifi cations to the surroundings of the inverter, as they are qualifi ed to undertake such work. CAUTION Risk of damage due to improper modifications. Never modify or manipulate the inverter or other components of the system. Transportation The inverter is subjected to extensive testing and inspections in our test fi eld. This is how we ensure the high quality of our products. Our inverters leave our factory in proper electrical and mechanical condition. Special packaging provides for a safe and careful transportation. However, transport damage may still occur. The shipping company is responsible in such cases. 3.1 Intended use The unit converts the DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic (PV) modules into AC voltage and feeds this into the power grid. Powador inverters are built according to the state of the art and recognised safety rules. However, improper use may cause lethal hazards for the operator or third parties, or may result in damage to the units and other property. The inverter may only be operated with a permanent connection to the public power grid. The inverter is not intended for mobile use. Any other or additional use is not considered the intended use. The manufacturer/supplier is not liable for damage caused by such unintended use. Damage caused by such unintended use is at the sole risk of the operator. Intended use also includes adherence to the operating and installation instructions. Your authorised electrician undertakes the registration with your power supply company and obtains approval for your photovoltaic installation from the supply grid operator on your behalf. Some of the documents that you require in order to register your photovoltaic installation and have it approved are included in the installation instructions. 3.2 Factory warranty and liability KACO new energy GmbH issues a warranty of seven years on the Powador inverter starting from the date of installation, but at most 90 months after shipment by KACO new energy GmbH. During this time, KACO new energy GmbH guarantees the proper operation of the units and to undertake repairs at the factory free of charge in the event of a defect for which we are responsible. Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 5

5 Section 3 Notes on Installation and Operation Section 4 Operation Contact your specialty dealer or installer if your unit exhibits a defect or fault during the warranty period. Warranty claims are excluded in the following cases: Use of the units in ways not intended Improper installation and installation that does not comply with standards Improper operation Operation of units with defective protective equipment Unauthorised modifi cations to the units or repair attempts Infl uence of foreign objects and force majeure (lightning, overvoltage, severe weather, fi re) Insuffi cient ventilation of the unit Failure to observe the relevant safety regulations Transport damage. 4 Operation Incorrect use is prohibited. CAUTION The grid feed process begins in the morning when suffi cient light is available, and, therefore, when a certain minimum voltage is present at the inverter. The inverter enables grid feed after a country-specifi c start-up time (see Installation Manual, section 4, Technical Data ). If, as nightfall approaches, the voltage drops below the minimum voltage, the grid feed mode ends and the inverter switches off. All warranty claims must be handled at the premises of KACO new energy GmbH. The unit must, where possible, be returned in its original or equivalent packaging. The costs for these services cannot be borne by KACO new energy GmbH. KACO new energy GmbH will only perform warranty services if the defective unit is returned to KACO new energy GmbH together with a copy of the invoice which was issued to the user by the dealer. The name plate on the unit must be fully legible. If these requirements are not fulfi lled, KACO new energy GmbH reserves the right to deny warranty services. The warranty period for repairs or replacement deliveries is six months after delivery. However, it continues at least until the end of the original warranty period for the delivery item. 4.1 Overview of controls and displays Service We place special emphasis on the quality and longevity of our inverters, starting with the product development phase. More than 60 years of experience in the fi eld of current inverters support us in this philosophy. However, despite all quality assurance measures, faults may occur in exceptional cases. In such cases, KACO new energy GmbH will provide you with the maximum possible support. KACO new energy GmbH will make every effort to remedy such faults in an expeditious manner and without a great deal of bureaucracy. In such cases, contact our service department directly by telephone at +49 (0) Figure 4.1: Overview of the Powador Legend 1 Display Displays measured values and confi guration parameters 2 LED displays Display the operating status 3 Control keys Switch between the display and confi guration of parameters 4 Cable fitting for AC connection 5 Night start-up button For activating the display after nightfall 6 DC disconnector 7 RS232 interface 8 Cable feedthrough for RS485 interface cable 9 Cable feedthrough for DC connection 4.2 LED displays During normal operation, the photovoltaic modules generate voltage as soon as the insolation is suffi cient. If this voltage is present in the inverter at a certain level for a certain time, the inverter begins to feed into the grid. The inverter is equipped with three LEDs, which give information about the various operating statuses as follows. Page 6 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

6 Section 4 Operation ok! Wait approx. 10 minutes to see if the fault is only temporary in nature. If this is not the case, notify your authorised electrician. If the fault is cleared, the grid feed begins once again after a country-specifi c waiting period (see Installation Instructions, Section 4, Technical Data ). Figure 4.2: LED displays LED (1) (green): The LED begins to light up beginning with a photovoltaic module voltage of approx. 300 V and goes out again if the module voltage is lower than 250 V. The OK LED indicates that the inverter and the inverter control are active. If this LED is not lit, the inverter cannot feed into the grid. In normal mode, the LED begins to light up in the morning (if there is enough sunlight) and goes out as nightfall approaches. LED (2) (green): The LED lights up every time the inverter feeds into the grid. For this to happen, the photovoltaic module voltage must exceed 400 V (factory setting) and suffi cient power must be provided by the PV generator. If the grid feed is interrupted because the power is too low, the inverter waits for a country-specifi c length of time before it begins feeding into the grid once again. LED (2) can, therefore, light up only when LED (1) is already lit. In a normal state, the inverter begins feeding into the grid in the morning and stops feeding into the grid as it becomes increasingly darker. On cloudy days and in the winter months, the grid feed can - depending on the PV generator and the current grid feed power - be temporarily interrupted and subsequently re-started. This process can repeat itself several times, especially in the morning and evening. This is in no way an indication of defective operation, but instead constitutes normal operating behaviour. LED (3) (red): The LED indicates that the grid feed was stopped due to a fault. The following faults activate the LED (3): Grid overvoltage or undervoltage on one of the three phases Failure of one of the phases L2 or L3 Generator power is too high Shutdown due to the temperature being too high Fault in the unit Leakage current is too high (RCD type B) Overfrequency or underfrequency Insulation fault Communication error Fault in the DC grid feed Fault in the voltage transformer Selftest fault Fault in the RCD type B module. Check whether the fault in question relates to a general power failure or whether the fuse between the meter and the inverter has failed. If the fuse has failed, notify your authorised technician. If there was a power failure, simply wait until the fault has been cleared. The system automatically re-starts. 4.3 Keys 1 and 2 IMPORTANT If the grid feed phase fails (power failure on the public grid), LED (3) does not light up. If this happens, all LEDs and the display go out. The inverter is shut down completely. The inverter can only resume its normal operation when the grid feed phase is available once again. Figure 4.3: Powador control keys Key 1 is used to switch between the various displays for measured values and data. With key 2, settings such as those relating to the shutdown value can be confi gured. Here, menu navigation is divided into two levels. In level 1 (display mode), measured values such as the solar generator voltage and yields can be read. Here, only key 1 is activated. In confi guration mode, key 1 is also used to navigate through the individual displays, and settings are confi gured with key 2. ACTION By pressing key 1 for approx. 1 second, you can choose which measured value is to be displayed. The menus are continuous, which means that when you arrive at the last entry in a menu, the fi rst entry is displayed once again the next time key 1 is pressed (see Figure 4.4). Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 7

7 Section 4 Operation 4.4 Level 1 menu - Display menu The display menu is displayed once the Powador inverter has started up. Measured values and all of the meters are displayed here. Key 1 is used to navigate through the individual menu items. Inverter type display Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi Start at 410 V Generator voltage (V) and current (A) Line voltage (V), current (A) and power (W) Daily peak capacity Temperature inside Counter yield (clear using key 2 ) Yield today The inverter waits until the voltage exceeds 410 V. One minute later, the grid feed begins. The current voltage and current of the solar generator connected to the inverter. The current line voltage, line current and the power that is currently being fed into the grid. The current day s peak power (in watts) that was fed into the grid over a short time. A display of the current temperature inside the unit, in C. The inverter limits the grid feed power depending on the temperature of the semiconductors. This meter totals all yields until it is reset again. The customer can confi gure the time periods for this meter, e.g. as a monthly meter. The power that has been fed into the grid on the current day in watthours (Wh). Total yield (Total) economy of CO 2 Counter oper. hours (clear with key 2 ) Operating hours today The power that has been fed into the grid since start-up of the inverter. Shows the CO 2 savings of this PV installation compared to the German electricity mix. The CO 2 savings are calculated from the total yield meter and can also be cleared with this meter. The customer can confi gure the time periods for this meter, e.g. as a monthly meter. The procedure for resetting meters is explained at the bottom of the page. Today s hours of operation. As soon as the inverter is in standby mode (i.e. when LED (1) lights up), the running time is added up. Total operating hours Hours of operation since start-up of the inverter. As soon as the inverter is in standby mode (i.e. when LED (1) lights up), the running time is added up. Figure 4.4: Display mode menu Explanation of the menu items in display mode Counter yield and Counter oper. hours can be cleared separately from the other meters. When Counter yield or Counter oper. hours is displayed, you can reach the Clear counter? display by pressing key 2. Key 2 must now be used to select yes. Press key 1 to confi rm the clearing. The display jumps back to the meter that was cleared. Counter yield and the Counter oper. hours are always cleared together. Therefore, clearing one meter suffi ces to clear both. Page 8 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

8 Section 4 Operation 4.5 Level 2 menu - Configuration mode Software version Clear the grid feed meter Select the interface and confi guration of the RS485 address S0 interface pulse rate Immediate start ACTION To switch to confi guration mode, keep key 1 pressed down while at the same time pressing key 2, until the software version is displayed in the confi guration mode. Pressing key 1 now switches to the next menu item, and changes can be made in the respective menu item by pressing key 2. The set value increases each time key 2 is pressed. If the maximum value has been reached, the value jumps to the minimum setting choice. The various settings are highlighted in fi gure 4.5. Choice of interface and address setting Using the menu item Interface, you can use key 2 to switch between the RS232 and RS485 interfaces. If the RS485 interface is activated, you can reach the address setting by pressing key 1. By pressing key 2, the address can be set in a consecutive manner from 1 to 32. The address then jumps back to 1. The RS485 interface is used to communicate with the Powador-proLOG. When several inverters are connected to a Powador-proLOG, each address may only be used once. It is, therefore, possible to monitor 32 Powador inverters with one Powador-proLOG. S0 interface pulse rate The S0 interface is designed as a galvanically isolated transistor output. This interface is designed according to DIN Current interface for transmitting pulses from a pulsing meter to a tariff metering device. The S0 interface pulse rate can be chosen in three unit intervals: 500, 1000 and 2000 pulses/kwh. Due to these tolerances, the emitted pulse yield may deviate from the values on your supply grid operator s grid feed meter by up to 15 %. ACTION Settings are saved only upon exiting confi guration mode. If 2 minutes elapse without a key being pressed, the confi guration mode is automatically exited. The confi guration mode can also be immediately exited by pressing both keys. As a confi rmation, Settings saved appears on the display for 4 seconds. The settings are now permanently saved in the Powador inverter. Figure 4.5: Configuration mode menu Clearing the grid feed meter When the grid feed meter is cleared, all meters ( Counter yield, Yield today, Total yield, Economy of CO 2, Daily peak capacity, Counter oper. hours, Operating hours today, Total operating hours ) are reset to zero. To clear the meters, select Yes with key 2, and confi rm your selection by pressing key 1. The required code is 2 and is entered using key 2. By means of an additional confi rmation with key 1, all meters are cleared. A display indicating that the grid feed counters have been cleared confi rms this action. NOTE Meters can only be cleared.it is not possible to set the meters. Immediate start The inverter can also be started up without any waiting period for the purpose of testing or for the purpose of acceptance by your power supply company. If the inverter is already feeding into the grid, this menu item is not available. ACTION Keep key 2 pressed down for a short time until the inverter switches on (relays switch audibly) and the green grid feed LED (2) lights up. If there is insuffi cient solar generator power, the inverter stops feeding into the grid after a short period of time. Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 9

9 Section 4 Operation 4.6 DC disconnector The serial RS232 interface Operating data can be transmitted to a computer (e.g. notebook) over a galvanically isolated serial interface (see fi gure (7)) from where it can then be individually processed further using standard spreadsheet software. A standard serial 1:1 interface cable is all that is required for connecting the inverter to the computer. The cable length should not exceed 20 metres. The data from the inverter is sent unidirectionally as pure ASCII text over the serial interface. The data is not checked for errors. Figure 4.6: Underside of the Powador Powador Sub-D Signification Bedeutung PC Sub-D male 9-pole 9-polig female 9-pole 9-polig 2 TXD 2 3 RXD 3 4 RTS 4 5 GND 5 The inverters include an internal DC disconnector, which allows for the inverter to be disconnected from the photovoltaic generator in case of repair or fault. To disconnect the inverter from the photovoltaic generator, turn the internal DC disconnector on the underside of the inverter from the ON (1) position to the OFF (0) position (see fi gure 4.6). When delivered, the inverter s internal DC disconnector is in the OFF (0) position. 4.7 Night start-up key The unit switches off in the evening as nightfall approaches. The display is no longer shown. In order to retrieve the values from the current day, (daily yield, daily hours of operation and max. grid feed power) after the display switches off, the unit can also be activated during the night by pressing the night start-up key on the underside of the inverter. ACTION To do this, press the night start-up key (see fi gure (6)) on the underside of the unit for approx. 5 seconds until a display appears. You can now scroll through the menu and retrieve the saved values. If over one minute elapses without a key being pressed, the unit switches off automatically once again. The Counter oper. hours, Total operating hours, Counter yield, and Total yield data are permanently saved and totaled. This data remains in memory even if the inverter is switched off for a long time. The daily yield, daily hours of operation and the max. daily grid feed power are available until the following morning and are cleared when PV generator voltage is present again. Table 4.1: RS232 interface pin assignment The RS232 interface has the following parameters: Baud rate Data bits Parity Stop bits Protocol 9600 baud 8 none 1 none Figure 4.7 shows, as an example, a few of lines of transmission via the RS232 interface. Data can be received with any terminal emulator, which comes with every operating system, or with the KACO-viso visualisation tool. NOTE The KACO-viso visualisation software can be downloaded from Together with the Powador inverter, KACO-viso takes over the role of a data logger. It saves the data from the inverter and displays it in various diagram types as a daily or monthly representation. The PC, however, must also run continuously. Because of the amount of energy used, this type of monitoring only makes sense over limited periods, such as during a fault analysis. For permanent monitoring, we recommend the optional accessories (see section 5). NOTE With the optional accessories (see section 5), you can also implement wireless data transmission over long distances between the inverter and your PC. Page 10 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

10 Section 4 Operation The interface of the PC or laptop that is connected must comply with the standard for RS232 interfaces. Some computer manufacturers do not fully adhere to the standard. In such cases, problems may occur during data transmissions. NOTE The measured data for current and voltage istainted with the specifi ed tolerances (see Installation Instructions).This data is not suitable for measuring effi ciency or compiling yield data.its sole purpose is to monitor the basic operation of the system. 4.9 The RS485 interface Powador inverters are also equipped with an RS485 interface (see Installation Instructions, fi gure 6.7) in order to enable remote monitoring of your photovoltaic installation. Several inverters can be monitored over this interface at the same time. Using the Powador-proLOG series, you can receive yield and operating data as well as error messages by SMS (text message) or . This monitoring option is especially recommended for situations where you are unable to check the functionality of the installation on-site at regular intervals, e.g. if you live far away from the installation site. In addition, you can use the Powador link within your installation to bridge long distances between several inverters or between an inverter and the Powador-proLOG by means of a wireless radio transmission. Contact your installer if you wish to integrate remote monitoring into your system Display Inverters in the Powador xi series are equipped with a backlit LCD (see fi gure (1)) which displays measured values and data. In normal mode, the backlighting is switched off. As soon as you press one of the keys, the backlighting is activated. If approx. 1 minute elapses without a key being pressed, it switches off once again. IMPORTANT Due to measuring tolerances, the measured values may not always correspond to the actual values. The inverter s measuring elements have been selected to ensure maximum solar yields. Due to these tolerances, the daily yields displayed on the inverter may deviate from the values on your supply grid operator s grid feed meter by up to 15 %. Column Spalte :05: :05: :05: :06: :06: :06: :06: :06: Figure 4.7: Excerpt from the protocol of a transmission via the RS232 interface Column Explanation Column Explanation 1 Not in use 6 Generator power in W 2 Daily operating time 7 Grid voltage in V 3 Operating mode (see table 4.3) 8 Grid current, delivered current in A 4 Generator voltage in V 9 Grid-feeding power in W 5 Generator current in A 10 Device temperature in C Table 4.2: Explanation of the individual columns Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 11

11 Section 4 Operation Operating statuses Status Explanation Comment 0 Inverter has just switched on Only for a brief time after the inverter first switches on in the morning. 1 Waiting to start Selftest is complete, the Powador will switch to grid feed mode in a few seconds. 2 Waiting to switch off Generator voltage and power is too low. The status before it changes over to night shutdown mode. 3 Constant voltage regulator When the grid feed begins, a constant generator voltage is fed in (80 % of the measured no-load voltage) for a short period. 4 MPP regulator, constant search movement 5 MPP regulator, without search movement 6 Wait mode before grid feed, testing the grid and solar voltage 7 Wait mode before selftest, testing the line and solar voltage In cases of low insolation, the grid is fed into while the MPP regulator is searching. In cases of high insolation, the grid is fed into while the MPP regulator is stationary so as to maximise yields. The inverter has stopped the grid feed because the power of the PV modules is too low (e.g. twilight). If the generator voltage is higher than the switch-on threshold (410 V), the inverter begins the grid feed once again after a country-specific waiting period (see Installation Instructions, section 4, Technical Data). The inverter waits until the generator voltage exceeds the switch-on threshold and begins the selftest of the relays after a country-specificwaiting period (see Installation Instructions, section 4, Technical Data). 8 Selftest of the relays Testing line relays prior to beginning grid feed. 10 Overtemperature shutdown If the inverter overheats (heat sink temperature >85 C) due to the ambient temperature being too high and inadequate air circulation, the inverter switches off. 11 Power limitation Protective function of the inverter when too much generator power is supplied or the heat sink of the unit exceeds 75 C. 12 Overload shutdown Protective function of the inverter when too much generator power is supplied. 13 Overvoltage shutdown Protective function of the inverter when the line voltage L1 is too high. 14 Line failure (3-phase monitoring) Protective function of the inverter when the measured values of one of the three grid phases are beyond the permitted tolerance. Reasons for line failures are: undervoltage, overvoltage, underfrequency, overfrequency, a fault in the phase conductor. 15 Changing over to night shutdown Inverter switches from stand-by to night shutdown mode. mode 18 RCD type B shutdown Residual current is too high, the integrated AC/DC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker has registered an unduly high leakage current to the PE. 19 Insulation resistance too low Insulation resistance from PV-/PV+ to PE <1.2 MOhm. 30 Fault in the voltage transformer The current and voltage measurements in the inverter are not plausible. 31 Fault in the RCD type B module A fault has occurred in the AC/DC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker. 32 Selftest error An error has occurred during the line relay test, a line relay is not functioning correctly. 33 Fault in the DC grid feed The DC feed into the grid was too large. 34 Communication error An error has occurred in the internal data transmission. Table 4.3: Explanation of the operating states Page 12 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

12 Section 4 Operation Fault signals Display Line failure Undervoltage Lx Line failure Overvoltage Lx Line failure Phase conductor Line error overvoltage L1 Line failure Underfrequency Line failure Overfrequency Error DC grid feeding Error current switch-off Error RCD module Error Selftest Error Measurement Error isolation generator Temperature too high inside Failure PV overvoltage Line failure Average voltage Explanation The voltage of a grid phase is too low, the grid cannot be fed into. The phase in which the fault occurs (undervoltage) is displayed in each case. The voltage of a grid phase is too high, the grid cannot be fed into. The phase in which the fault occurs (overvoltage) is displayed in each case. The phase shifts of the phase voltages are incorrect. A proper three-phase supply network is not present. Overvoltage shutdown due to a voltage boost caused by increased line impedance of the grid connection L1. The line frequency is too low. The line frequency is too high. The DC feed into the grid has exceeded the permitted limit value. This grid feed can be impressed from the grid on the Powador inverter so that no inverter fault exists. The current and voltage measurements in the inverter are not plausible. This can be caused by very dynamic weather conditions, if there are quick changes between low grid feed power (e.g. 200 W) and high grid feed power (e.g. the inverter s maximum grid feed power). An operational fault has occurred in the AC/DC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker. The internal grid separation relay test has failed. The current and voltage measurements in the inverter are not plausible. This can be caused by very dynamic weather conditions if there are quick changes between low grid feed power (e.g. 200 W) and high grid feed power (e.g. the maximum grid feed power). The insulation resistance on the DC side is <1.2 MOhm. The grid cannot be fed into. The insulation resistance of the PV modules must be tested. The temperature in the unit has become too high (>85 C). Starting from an internal temperature of 75 C, the inverter limits the power and levels off between 75 C and 80 C.An internal temperature of 85 C is only achieved if convection cooling is impeded by external factors, e.g. by covering the cooling fins. The power of the modules was too high for a short time. This can occur during times of very dynamic weather conditions. The power limiter usually prevents too much power at the input of the inverter so that the inverter does not shut down. The average line voltage measurement over a 10 minute period according to EN has exceeded the maximum permitted limit value. Table 4.4: Fault signals Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 13

13 Section 4 Operation Fault signals When these error messages are displayed, the grid feed is interrupted, the red LED (3) lights up, and the fault signal relay has switched. This error correction takes a country-specifi c length of time (see Installation Instructions, section 4, Technical Data). Afterwards the red fault LED (3) goes out, the fault signal relay drops out again, and the display signals that it is ready to feed into the grid once again. If the fault is no longer present, the Powador inverter begins feeding into the grid once again after a preset waiting period (see Installation Instructions, section 4, Technical Data). Many of these fault signals point to a fault in the grid, and are, therefore, not an operational fault on the part of the Powador inverter. The minimum triggering levels are determined by applicable standards (e.g. VDE ), and the inverter must switch off if the permitted values are exceeded. Automatic display during operation Display Selftest in progress Explanation The grid separation relays are tested for proper operation. Table 4.5: Display Page 14 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

14 Section 5 Troubleshooting 5 Troubleshooting In line with our ever-growing quality assurance system, we endeavour to eliminate all errors and faults. You have purchased a product which left our factory in proper condition. Endurance tests as well as extensive tests for the purpose of assessing the operating performance and the protective equipment have been successfully undertaken with each individual unit. If your photovoltaic installation does not function properly, we suggest the following troubleshooting procedures: The fi rst step is to check that the solar generator and grid connections are properly connected to the Powador. In doing so, observe all the safety instructions specifi ed in this manual. Monitor the inverter closely and, where applicable, make a note of display indications and LED displays. The following faults may occur and should be remedied as described. Fault Cause of fault Troubleshooting / explanation Inverter displays an impossible daily peak value Daily energy yields do not correspond with the yields on the grid operator s grid feed meter The line fuse trips The display is blank Faults in the line voltage. Measuring elements tolerances in the inverter The line fuse capacity is too low Damage to the inverter s hardware The unit is in night shutdown mode There is no line voltage The solar generator voltage is lower than 300 V DC switch is at 0 Inverter continues to operate as normal without losses to the yield, even when an erroneous daily peak value is displayed. The value is reset overnight. To immediately reset the value, the inverter must be switched off, disconnected, reconnected and switched on again. A measurement error occurs due to the measuring elements tolerances. The daily energy yield may deviate from the yield on the grid feed meter by up to 15 %, and even more in cases of low insolation. In cases of high insolation, the inverter can, depending on the solar generator, exceed its rated current for a short period. For this reason, the capacity of the inverter s pre-fuse should be somewhat higher than the maximum grid feed current. The line fuse immediately trips if the inverter switches to grid feed mode (after the start-up period is complete). In such a case, there is damage to the inverter s hardware. Should this be the case, the unit must be repaired by KACO new energy GmbH. The inverter switches off overnight. If the display does not light up during the daytime, check the grid feed meter to see if the grid is nevertheless being fed into. If the grid is being fed into, the display module is faulty. The inverter must be repaired by KACO new energy GmbH. If the grid is not being fed into, check to see if there is any line voltage and if the solar generator voltage is greater than 300 V. If both are the case and the display is still blank, the unit must be repaired by KACO new energy GmbH. The inverter does not start up, LED (1) is off The unit is in night shutdown mode There is no line voltage The solar generator voltage is lower than 410 V DC switch is at 0 The inverter switches off overnight. The display and all three LEDs are off. If the inverter does not start up during the daytime, check to see if there is any line voltage and if the solar generator voltage is greater than 410 V. If both are the case and the inverter still does not start up, the unit must be repaired by KACO new energy GmbH. Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 15

15 Section 5 Troubleshooting The inverter is active but does not feed to the grid. Display shows: Start at 410 V meas.: xxx V The inverter is active but does not feed in the display shows: Start at 410 V meas.: xxx V (measured voltage is greater than 410 V The inverter stops the grid feed mode shortly after being switched on, although there is sufficient sunlight. Noise emission from the inverter. Not enough generator voltage available. The measured voltage is lower than 410 V The inverter has interrupted the grid feed due to a fault. Faulty grid separation relay in the inverter Unusual ambient conditions After sunrise, at sunset and when there is not enough solar insolation due to bad weather conditions, the generator voltage or the generator power that comes from the roof may be too low to be able to feed in. If the inverter has switched off because the power is too low, it waits a country-specific length of time (see Installation Instructions, section 4, Technical Data) before attempting to feed in once again. After an interruption to the grid feed due to a fault (line fault, overtemperature, overload, etc.), the inverter waits a countryspecific length of time (see Installation Instructions, section 4, Technical Data) before switching over to grid feed mode. With faulty grids, the inverters may even shut down during the day. Notify your solar installer if the inverter shuts down regularly over a period of several weeks (more than 10 times per day with error messages). Although there is sufficient sunlight, the inverter feeds into the grid only for a few seconds before switching off again. During the short grid feed period, the inverter shows a fed power of between 0 and 5 W. If the inverter is definitely receiving sufficient generator power, the grid separation relay is presumably faulty, thus preventing the inverter from connecting. When there are unusual ambient conditions, the units may emit audible noises. The following reasons may be determining factors: Line interference or a line failure caused by particular loads (motors, machines, etc.) that are either connected to the same point on the grid or may be spatially situated nearby. In cases of dynamic weather conditions (frequent switching between sunny and cloudy conditions) or strong insolation, a light hum may be audible due to the increased power. With particular grid conditions, resonances may form between the unit s input filter and the grid which may even be audible when the inverter is switched off. For people with very sensitive hearing (particularly children), it is possible that the high-frequency hum caused by the inverter s operating frequency of approx. 18 khz is audible. Such noise emissions do not affect the operation of the inverter. They also cannot lead to reduced efficiency, failure, deterioration or a shortening of the unit s service life. Table 5.1: Troubleshooting If the measures described in this guide do not assist in clearing the fault, please notify your installer. In order to enable our factory customer support team to respond in an appropriate and expeditious manner, some details are imperative: Details pertaining to the inverter The unit s serial number Model A short description of the fault Is the error or fault reproducible? If yes, how? Does the error or fault occur sporadically? What type of insolation conditions existed? Time of day Details pertaining to the photovoltaic module Module type, manufacturer (if available, also send the data sheet) The number of modules in series The number of strings Generator power Page 16 Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

16 Section 6 Recycling and Disposal 6 Recycling and Disposal For the most part, both the inverter and the corresponding transport packaging are made from recyclable raw materials. Device Do not dispose of faulty inverters or accessories in the household waste. Ensure that the old unit and, where applicable, any accessories are disposed of in a proper manner. Packaging Ensure that the transport packaging is disposed of in a proper manner. Operating Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 17

17

18 Intended for use by authorised electricians Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi 1 About This Documentation Retention of documents Symbols used in this document CE marking Name plate Safety Instructions and Regulations Notes on Installation and Operation Intended use Factory warranty and liability Service Technical Data Device Description Scope of delivery Dimensioning the PV generator Protection concepts Installation and Start-up Selecting an appropriate place for installation Installing the inverter Electrical connection Connecting the fault signal relay The S0 output connection The RS485 interface connection Starting up the inverter Programming - Confi guration mode menu Switching the Inverter Off Powador as Part of a PV Installation Design of installation Installation with multiple inverters Notes specifi c to the Powador 5000xi Documents EU Declaration of Conformity Declaration of Conformity...25 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 3

19 Section 1 About This Documentation Section 2 Safety Instructions and Regulations 1 About This Documentation The following notes guide you through all of the documentation. Additional documents are applicable in conjunction with these operating and installation instructions. We assume no liability for any damage caused by failure to observe these instructions. Other applicable documents When installing the inverters, be sure to observe all assembly and installation instructions for components and other parts of the system. These instructions are delivered together with the respective components and additional parts of the system. 1.1 Retention of documents Please pass these operating and installation instructions on to the plant operator. The plant operator retains the documents. The instructions must be available whenever they are needed. 1.2 Symbols used in this document When installing the inverter, observe the safety instructions provided in these installation instructions. DANGER Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner will directly lead to serious bodily injury or death. Useful information and notes. NOTE ACTION This symbol indicates that a certain action is required. IMPORTANT Failure to observe this information may result in reduced convenience or impaired functionality. Danger due to lethal voltages. Risk of fatal injury from fire or explosions. Risk of burns from hot housing components. Disconnect the inverter from all power sources WARNING Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner may directly lead to serious bodily injury or death. CAUTION Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner may lead to minor or moderate bodily injury or to serious damage to property. 1.3 CE marking The CE marking is used to document that the Powador inverter shown on the name plate fulfi lls the fundamental requirements of the following relevant directives: Directive concerning electromagnetic compatibility (Council Directive 2004/108/EC) Low Voltage Directive (Council Directive 2006/95/EC). 1.4 Name plate The name plate showing the exact designation of the unit is located on the support plate on the underside of the housing. ATTENTION Failure to observe a warning indicated in this manner may lead to damage to property. Page 4 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

20 Section 2 Safety Instructions and Regulations 2 Safety Instructions and Regulations Danger due to lethal voltages. DANGER Lethal voltages are present within the unit and on the power supply lines. Therefore, only skilled and authorised electricians may install and open the unit. Even when the unit is switched off, high contact voltages may still be present inside the unit. Standards and regulations IEC :2002: Requirements for special installations or locations Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems. Technical rules The installation must be suited to the on-site conditions and comply with local regulations and technical rules. Accident prevention regulations The inverter must be installed by an authorised, skilled electrician who is approved by the supply grid operator. The electrician is responsible for observing existing standards and regulations. The proper and safe operation of this unit requires proper transportation, storage, assembly and installation, as well as careful operation and maintenance. Only skilled electricians who have read and fully understood all safety instructions contained in these operating and installation instructions, as well as other instructions concerning assembly, operation and maintenance, may work on this unit. When the unit is operating, certain parts of the unit unavoidably carry hazardous voltages, which can lead to death or serious bodily injury. The precautions listed below must be followed in order to minimise the risk of death or injury. The unit must be installed in compliance with safety regulations as well as all other relevant national or local regulations. To ensure operational safety, proper earthing, conductor dimensioning and appropriate protection against short circuiting must be provided. All covers on the unit must remain closed during operation. Prior to performing any visual inspections or maintenance, ensure that the power supply has been switched off and is prevented from being inadvertently switched back on. If measurements must be taken while the power supply is switched on, never touch the electrical connections. Remove all jewellery from your wrists and fi ngers. Ensure that the testing equipment is in good and safe operating condition. When working on the unit while it is switched on, stand on an insulated surface, thus ensuring that there is no earthed connection. Follow the instructions contained in these operating and installation instructions exactly, and observe all danger, warning and caution information. This list does not constitute a complete listing of all measures required for the safe operation of the unit. Contact your specialty dealer if any specifi c problems arise which are not suffi ciently covered for the purposes of the buyer. Modifications Modifi cations to the inverter are generally prohibited. Changes to the surroundings of the inverter are only permitted if they comply with national standards. CAUTION Risk of damage due to improper modifications. Never modify or manipulate the inverter or other components of the system. Transportation The inverter is subjected to extensive testing and inspections in our test fi eld. This is how we ensure the high quality of our products. Our inverters leave our factory in proper electrical and mechanical condition. Special packaging provides for a safe and careful transportation. However, transport damage may still occur. The shipping company is responsible in such cases. Thoroughly inspect the inverter upon delivery. If you discover any damage to the packaging which indicates that the inverter may have been damaged, or if you discover any visible damage to the inverter, notify the responsible shipping company immediately. If necessary, KACO new energy GmbH will assist you. Damage reports must be received by the shipping company in writing within six days of receipt of the goods. When transporting the inverter, only the original packaging is to be used, as this provides for a safe transportation. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 5

21 Section 3 Notes on Installation and Operation 3 Notes on Installation and Operation 3.1 Intended use The Powador inverter converts the DC power generated by the photovoltaic (PV) modules into AC power and feeds this into the power grid. Powador inverters are built according to the state of the art and recognised safety rules. However, improper use may cause lethal hazards for the operator or third parties, or may result in damage to the units and other property. The inverter may only be operated with a permanent connection to the public power grid. The inverter is not intended for mobile use. Any other or additional use is not considered the intended use. The manufacturer/supplier is not liable for damage caused by such unintended use. Damage caused by such unintended use is at the sole risk of the operator. Intended use also includes adherence to the operating and installation instructions. Some of the documents that you require in order to register your photovoltaic installation and have it approved are included in the installation instructions (see section 9). 3.2 Factory warranty and liability KACO new energy GmbH issues a warranty of seven years on the Powador inverter starting from the date of installation, but at most 90 months after shipment by KACO new energy GmbH. All warranty claims must be handled at the premises of KACO new energy GmbH. The unit must, where possible, be returned in its original or equivalent packaging. The costs for these services cannot be borne by KACO new energy GmbH. KACO new energy GmbH will only perform warranty services if the defective unit is returned to KACO new energy GmbH together with a copy of the invoice which was issued to the user by the dealer. The name plate on the unit must be fully legible. If these requirements are not fulfi lled, KACO new energy GmbH reserves the right to deny warranty services. The warranty period for repairs or replacement deliveries is six months after delivery. However, it continues at least until the end of the original warranty period for the delivery item. 3.3 Service We place special emphasis on the quality and longevity of our inverters, starting with the product development phase.. More than 60 years of experience in the fi eld of current inverters support us in this philosophy. However, despite all quality assurance measures, faults may occur in exceptional cases. In such cases, KACO new energy GmbH will provide you with the maximum possible support. KACO new energy GmbH will make every effort to remedy such faults in an expeditious manner and without a great deal of bureaucracy. In such cases, contact our service department directly. Telephone +49 (0) During this time, KACO new energy GmbH guarantees the proper operation of the units and to undertake repairs at the factory free of charge in the event of a defect for which we are responsible. Contact your specialty dealer if your unit exhibits a defect or fault during the warranty period. Warranty claims are excluded in the following cases: Use of the units in ways not intended Improper installation and installation that does not comply with standards Improper operation Operation of units with defective protective equipment Unauthorised modifi cations to the units or repair attempts Infl uence of foreign objects and force majeure (lightning, overvoltage, severe weather, fi re) Insuffi cient ventilation of the unit Failure to observe the relevant safety regulations Transport damage. Page 6 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

22 Section 4 Technical Data 4 Technical Data Input - Electrical data Model 2500xi 3600xi 4000xi 4500xi 5000xi DC rated power 2710 W 3600 W 4600 W 4800 W 5730 W Max. PV generator power 3200 W 4400 W 5250 W 6000 W 6800 W MPP range No-load voltage Monitoring input voltage DC voltage ripple V Max. 800 V Stand-by from Ue > 300 V Night shutdown from Ue < 250 V < 3 % eff Max. DC input current 8.6 A 12.0 A 14.5 A 15.2 A 18.0 A Polarity safeguard Short-circuit diode Output - Electrical data Model 2500xi 3600xi 4000xi 4500xi 5000xi AC rated power 2600 W 3600 W 4400 W 4600 W 5500 W Maximum power AC 2850 W 4000 W 4800 W 5060 W 6000 W Line voltage See section 4 - Technical Data - Country-specific parameters - page 9 Rated current 11.3 A 15.6 A 19.1 A 20.0 A 23.9 A Max. current 12.4 A 17.5 A 20.9 A 22.0 A 26.0 A Power factor 1 Frequency See section 4 - Technical Data - Country-specific parameters - page 9 Distortion factoraccording to EN Fault signal relay S0 output <3 % at rated power <5 % over the entire range Potential-free NO contact (make contact), max. 30 V / 1 A Open collector output max. 30 V / 50 ma Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 7

23 Section 4 Technical Data Inverter Electrical data Model 2500xi 3600xi 4000xi 4500xi 5000xi Max. degree of efficiency 96.4 % 96.4 % 96.4 % 96.3 % 96.3 % Euro. deg. of efficiency 95.8 % 95.8 % 95.8 % 95.3 % 95.3 % Internal consumption Minimum grid feed power Circuit design Clock frequency Principle Grid monitoring Night shutdown: 0 W Operation: 11 W ca. 35 W Self-inverted, transformerless 18 khz Single-phase full bridge with IGBT technology Redundant 3-phase monitoring according to VDE Inverter - Mechanical and technical data Model 2500xi 3600xi 4000xi 4500xi 5000xi Visual displays LED: PV generator (green) Grid feed (green) Fault (red) LCD (2 x 16 characters) Controls DC disconnector 2 keys for operating display Integrated DC disconnector with continuous function Connections Ambient temperature Temperature monitoring Cooling PCB terminals inside the unit Cable supply through cable fittings C (> 40 C power derating at high ambient temperature) >75 C temperature-dependent impedance matching >85 C Disconnection from the grid Free convection (no fan) Protection class IP54 according to EN Noise emission Housing < 35 db (noiseless) Aluminium wall-mounting housing Dimensions W x D x H 340 x 200 x 500 mm 340 x 220 x 550 mm 340 x 220 x 550 mm 340 x 220 x 600 mm 340 x 220 x 600 mm Weight 19 kg 21 kg 26 kg 28 kg 30 kg Page 8 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

24 Section 4 Technical Data Country-specific setting of parameters Parameter Country Line voltage range [V] Line voltage according to EN [V] Standard frequency range [Hz] Start-up value after a re-start [s] Reset time after insufficientgrid feed power [s] Reset time after a fault [s] Germany V > 60 > 180 > 30 Spain > 180 > 180 > 180 Italy > 180 > 180 > 30 France V > 60 > 180 > 30 Cyprus (GR) > 180 > 180 > 180 Greece > 180 > 180 > 180 South Korea > 360 > 360 > 360 Czech Republic V > 60 > 180 > 30 Portugal > 60 > 180 > 30 Bulgaria > 60 > 180 > 30 The switch-on times after a re-start, a fault or after insufficient grid feed power are approximate values. Country-specific grid connection table Parameter L 1 L 2 L 3 N PE Comment Country Germany X X X X X With phase conductor monitoring Spain X X X Italy X X X France X X X X X Cyprus (GR) X X X Greece X X X South Korea X X X Czech Republic X X X X X With phase conductor monitoring Portugal X X X Bulgaria X X X Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 9

25 Section 4 Technical Data Country-specific parameter menu Parameter menu Country Germany Spain Italy France Cyprus (GR) Greece South Korea Czech Republic Portugal Bulgaria A X X X B X X X X X X X Parameter menu A Max. line voltage EN Parameter menu B Minimal line voltage Voltage to metering Maximum line voltage Minimal line frequency Minimal line frequency Maximum line frequency Maximum line frequency Start at solar voltage 410 V Start at solar voltage 410 V Page 10 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

26 Section 5 Device Description 5 Device Description Incorrect use is prohibited. The transformerless Powador xi units are currently available for fi ve different power ratings. The appropriate inverter type is selected according to the maximum output of the photovoltaic modules that have been installed. The maximum output values can be found in the data sheet (see Technical Data, section 4). Your inverter s designation is located on the front side, above the display and on the name plate. 5.1 Scope of delivery Powador Wall bracket Installation kit Documentation CAUTION 5.2 Dimensioning the PV generator The selection of the PV generator is of central importance when dimensioning a PV installation. When doing so, you must be sure that the solar generator is also compatible with the inverter. Observe the data provided in the data sheet (see Technical Data, section 4) when dimensioning the solar generator. NOTE KACOCALC Pro, a dimensioning program for the easy selection of PV modules, can be downloaded at no cost at the following address: Dimensioning the PV generator The number of PV modules connected in series must be selected in such a way that the output voltage of the PV generator stays within the permitted input voltage range of the inverter - even during extreme outside temperatures. In Central Europe, module temperatures between -10 C and +70 C should be assumed. Depending on the way in which the modules are installed and the geographic location, +60 C or +70 C should be used when calculating the voltage. The temperature coeffi cients of the solar modules should be taken into account. The following criteria must be met for calculating the voltage of the PV generator: U 0 (-10 C) < max. input voltage (800 V). Even at very low outside temperatures (-10 C), the no-load voltage of the connected string must lie within the permitted input voltage range. If the temperature falls from 25 C to -10 C, the no-load voltage in 12 V modules increases by approx. 2.8 V per module (5.6 V for a 24 V module). The no-load voltage of the entire string must be less than 800 V. U Mpp (+60 C) > min. input voltage (350 V). Even at very high outside temperatures (+60 C), the MPP voltage of the connected string should lie within the permitted input voltage range. If the temperature increases from 25 C to 60 C, the MPP voltage in 12 V modules decreases by approx. 3.6 V per module (7.2 V for a 24 V module). The MPP voltage of the entire string should be at least 350 V. If the MPP voltage moves outside of the permitted input range, the installation still functions properly. In this situation, the maximum possible amount of power is not fed into the grid; instead, a small amount less is fed. Provided that the input voltage is within the permitted input voltage range, the inverter will not be damaged if a connected PC generator provides current that is above the max. usable input current. If the PV generator briefl y provides more than the inverter s max. PV generator power, especially with changing cloud cover and relatively low module temperatures, the inverter may switch off due to safety reasons and automatically switch on again after a country-specifi c waiting period (see section 4, Technical Data). The overload status is shown by a red LED and as plain text on the display. Under normal circumstances, the dynamic control of the inverter ensures that the inverter continues to operate without interruption. The solar generator still represents the largest factor in the cost of a solar installation. For this reason, it is extremely important to obtain maximum energy yields from the solar generator. To achieve this, solar generators in Central Europe should be oriented to the south at an angle of inclination of 30. They should never be shaded. This orientation is quite often not possible due to structural reasons. In order to achieve the same energy yield as an optimally oriented solar generator (south, 30 angle of inclination), the solar generator power can be increased. For roofs with an east-west orientation, we recommend a two-string PV installation. To achieve an optimum yield from the installation, the fi rst string must be installed on the east side of the roof; the second string on the west side. For exposed locations in mountains or in southern regions, we recommend that the power generator be reduced appropriately. Please consult with us or your specialty dealer about this matter. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 11

27 Section 5 Device Description Section 6 Installation and Start-up 5.3 Protection concepts The following monitoring and protective functions are integrated into Powador inverters: Redundant 3-phase grid monitoring in order to protect the operator and to avoid islanding. Overvoltage conductors/varistors to protect the power semiconductors from high-energy transients on the grid side. Temperature monitoring of the heat sink. EMC fi lters to protect the inverter against high-frequency line interference. AC/DC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker RCD type B switch (Residual Current protective Device), which monitors the leakage current from the Powador s grid connection to the PV generator and interrupts the feed to the grid when the residual current exceeds 30 ma. The RCD type B switch triggers when a cable has a fault in the insulation, a frame fault or an earth fault. 6 Installation and Start-up WARNING Risk of fatal injury from fire or explosions. The Powador s housing may become hot during operation. Do not mount the Powador on flammable materials. Do not install the Powador in areas which contain highly flammable materials. Do not install the Powador in areas where there is a risk of explosion. CAUTION Risk of burns from hot housing components. Install the Powador so that unintentional contact with it is not possible. 6.1 Selecting an appropriate place for installation NOTE Powador inverters meet the requirements of protection class IP54 if all cable feedthroughs are used or suitably closed off. The units should be installed in areas that are as dry as possible in order to extend their service life. In addition, be sure that the units are installed in climate-controlled areas in order to protect them from overheating. This extends their service life. When selecting the inverter s place of installation, attention should be paid to the following items: Ensure good access to the unit for installation or any service work that may later be required. Maintain the following minimum clearances around the unit: 200 mm side clearance to other units, 700 mm clearance to other stacked units, 500 mm to cabinets, ceilings, etc. The unit has been designed for vertical wall installation. Air must be allowed to circulate freely around the housing and through the heat sink on the rear side. Page 12 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

28 Section 6 Installation and Start-up If the inverter is built into a switching cabinet or similar, provide forced ventilation to insure that heat is suffi ciently dissipated. The heat sink may reach a max. temperature of 90 C. Therefore, mount the inverter only on walls made from heat-resistant material. Ensure that the wall has adequate load-bearing capacity and use appropriate installation material. In areas prone to fl ooding, be sure to install the inverter in a suffi ciently elevated place. Installation at eye level makes it easier to read the display. IMPORTANT Due to the high system voltage, the current that fl ows on the DC side is lower than that fl owing on the AC side. If the cable cross-sections are the same, losses on the ACside lead are, therefore, higher than those on the DC side. For this reason and due to thermal factors, it makes sense to position the inverter near the meter. An installation kit consisting of four anchors and four 70 mm screws is shipped with the inverters. Check the composition and condition of the wall before installation. If necessary, use an installation kit other than the one shipped with the inverter. ACTION Drill the holes for the anchors at the selected installation position to match the cut-outs in the mounting plate. Place the anchors into the holes. Use the screws to mount the mounting plate onto the wall at the selected location. When doing so, be sure that the arrow cut into the mounting plate points upwards. Mount the inverter on the mounting fi xture so that the pegs in the heat sink rest in the notches. Lock the safety catch. To do this, slide the upper end of the safety catch towards the wall until the groove runs parallel to the wall (see fi gure 6.2). 6.2 Installing the inverter Anchor Notches for mounting the Powador M5 screw Figure 6.2: Safety catch open (left) and closed (right) 6.3 Electrical connection General information After the inverter has been installed in its fi xed location, the electrical connection to the unit can be established. Figure 6.1: Powador wall bracket DANGER The Powador may be installed only by trained and authorised specialists. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 13

29 Section 6 Installation and Start-up All mandatory safety regulations, the currently required technical connection specifi cations of the responsible electrical supply company, as well as other generally applicable local regulations are to be adhered to. When connecting the inverter, the AC and DC sides must be disconnected from all power sources and secured against being inadvertently switched back on. The connection of the PV generator and the grid connection are established via PCB terminals in the connection box of the inverter (see fi gure 6.3). ACTION The door of the housing must be opened to do this. The door is held shut with two Phillips recessed-head screws on the front of the housing. NOTE At the AC and DC connection terminals, the maximum conductor cross-section that can be connected is 10 mm² for fl exible conductors and 16 mm² for rigid conductors. Strip off 10 mm of insulation. Tighten the terminal with a torque of 1.2 to 1.5 Nm. Grid connection The inverter feeds in single-phased at terminal L1. However, the grid connection is established in various ways, depending on the country (see section 4, Technical Data). There is an appropriate cable fi tting on the underside of the housing for inserting the leads. We recommend the following conductor cross-sections for cable lengths up to 20 m: Powador 2500xi / 3600xi: 2.5 mm² Powador 4000xi: 4.0 mm² Powador 4500xi / 5000xi: 6.0 mm² Larger cross sections should be used for longer leads. In accordance with VDE 0100 part 430 Protection of cables and cords against overcurrent, when NYM cables are permanently laid, with an ambient temperature in the B2 laying system (multi-conductor lead in the pipe or duct, either on or in walls or fl ush-mounted) of 25 C, the cables should be secured as follows: 2.5 mm² 20 A 4 mm² 25 A 6 mm² 35 A NEOZED fuses (gl) should be used. NOTE Be sure to use cables with a suffi ciently large cross-section to avoid excessive line impedance between the building s distribution box and the respective Powador unit. When the line impedance is high, i.e. long AC-side leads, the voltage at the line terminals of the inverter will increase as power is being fed in to the grid. The inverter measures this voltage. If the voltage at the line terminals exceeds the line overvoltage limit, the inverter will switch off due to line overvoltage. This must be taken into consideration when wiring the AC and dimensioning the AC lead. DANGER Figure 6.3: Powador connection box AC/DC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker RCD type B The inverter is equipped with an AC/DC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker. If there is an impermissible residual current, the inverter is disconnected from the grid. An external residual current circuit breaker is, in compliance with the applicable directives in the respective country, not required if a corresponding low-resistance earthing of the unit is possible. Risk of electric shock at live connections. Check that the power lead is voltage-free before inserting it into the unit. Page 14 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

30 Section 6 Installation and Start-up ACTION Guide the lead, which has been stripped of its jacket and insulation, through the cable fi tting. Connect the lead, which has been stripped of its jacket and insulation, as is shown on the label on the left side of the PCB terminal. CAUTION Check that the leads are properly connected. Exchanging L and N will destroy the inverter. ACTION ACTION Before connecting the PV generator to the Powador, check that the PV generator is not earthed. Measure the DC voltage between the protective earth (PE) and the positive lead and between the protective earth (PE) and the negative lead of the PV generator.if stable voltages can be measured, there is an earth fault in the PV generator or its wiring. The ratio between the measured voltages gives an indication as to the location of this fault. This fault must be remedied before taking any further measurements. Measure the electrical resistance using a tester according to DIN VDE0100 (a megohmmeter) between the protective earth (PE) and the positive lead and the protective earth (PE) and the negative lead of the PV generator. Low resistance (< 2 MΩ) indicates a high-ohm earth fault of the PV generator, which must be remedied before further installation. Once again, check that all connected leads are firmly connected. Tighten the cable seal of the cable fi tting. PV generator connection The PV generator leads are connected in the connection box on the right side. CAUTION The voltage of the solar generator must be measured before connecting the DC leads to the inverter terminals. The DC voltage must not exceed 800 V. Connecting to a higher voltage will destroy the unit. DANGER To ensure maximum protection against hazardous contact voltages while assembling photovoltaic installations, both the positive and the negative leads must be strictly isolated electrically from the earth potential (PE). The PV generator can be connected in the following ways: Cable fi ttings Tyco plug connectors MC plug connectors When delivered, the cable fi ttings are already installed. As an option, Tyco and MC plug connectors can be delivered with the inverter. ATTENTION Risk of damage. Ensure that the polarity is correct when connecting the unit. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 15

31 Section 6 Installation and Start-up Connecting the PV generator using cable fittings ATTENTION To achieve protection class IP54, unused cable fi ttings must be closed off by using the included blind caps. ACTION To do this, unscrew the cable fi ttings until you can insert the cables through the fi tting, and screw the ends of the cables into place in the connection terminals labelled PV+ and PV-. When doing this, ensure that the polarity is correct. Tighten the cap of the cable fi tting. Figure 6.4: Installing Tyco sockets The assembly of the Tyco and MC plug connectors is shown in fi gure 6.5 and fi gure 6.6 respectively. Connecting the PV generator using MC or Tyco plug connectors As an option, MC and Tyco plug connectors can be delivered with the inverter. These can be used instead of the cable fi t- tings that were already installed upon delivery. These preinstalled cable fi ttings must fi rst be removed before installing the appropriate plug connectors. WARNING Figure 6.5: Assembly of the Tyco plug connectors Always disconnect the inverter from the PV generator by operating the integrated DC disconnector before pulling apart the plug connector. Failure to observe this may cause arcing, which can result in a hazard to health and to the unit. ACTION Unscrew the cable fi ttings from the cut-outs in the base plate of the inverter. Insert the Tyco or MC sockets from the outside through the cut-outs, and secure them from the inside using the black plastic nut. Figure 6.6: Assembly of the MC plug connectors Page 16 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

32 Section 6 Installation and Start-up 6.4 Connecting the fault signal relay The solar inverter is equipped with a potential-free relay contact in order to signal faults. This contact closes if a fault occurs. Powador A B A B Powador A B A B Powador A B A B PowadorproLOG A B Telefon 230 V~ Maximum contact load: 30 V / 1 A. R a max. 32 Powador IMPORTANT In the event of failure of the grid feed phase (power failure on the public grid), the relay will not trigger. If this happens, all LEDs and the display go out. The inverter is shut down completely. A failure signal cannot be sent. Figure 6.8: Connection diagram for the RS485 interface Figure 6.8 shows a terminating resistor (Ra) with 330 Ω on the left inverter. For proper signal transmission, the last inverter in a chain must have a terminating resistor. The terminating resistors (switch 1 ) in the other inverters in the chain must be deactivated. Switch 1 is located on the control card to the left of the RS485 terminals and is labelled Term. (fi gure 6.7). Figure 6.7 shows the factory setting with an activated terminating resistor (switch 1 is on and switch 2 is deactivated). The control card is installed on the rear of the door of the inverter. Switch 2 must always be off, as is shown in fi gure 6.7 (Term.). With a bus system such as RS485, each device sharing this bus must possess a unique address, regardless of whether it is an inverter or a current sensing device (Powador-go). Inverters may have an address range from 1 to 32. The address for each inverter can be specifi ed using the confi guration menu (see Operating Instructions, section 4.5, Choice of interface and address setting). Figure 6.7: Connections IMPORTANT Ensure that the A and B wires are properly connected. Communication is not possible if the wires are exchanged. 6.5 The S0 output connection The inverter is equipped with an S0 pulse output. Items such as a large display can be connected to it. The pulse rate is adjustable (see section 6.8, Parameter programming). 6.6 The RS485 interface connection On the inverter s control card (rear panel of the door), there are four terminals labelled RS485 A and B (see fi gure 6.7). To connect several Powadors, terminal A of one Powador is connected to terminal A of the other Powador. Terminal B is connected in the same manner. A twisted, shielded data cable is required for this. The connection to the Powador-proLOG is established similarly to the interconnection of inverters. A connection diagram is displayed in fi gure 6.8. The length of the RS485 wiring should not exceed a total of 250 m. 6.7 Starting up the inverter After completing the mechanical and electrical installation, the inverter is put into operation as follows: NOTE The inverter can only be put into operation under daylight conditions (i.e. at a solar generator voltage of > 300 V). If no daylight or solar generator voltage is present, the inverter can be activated by pressing the night start-up key on the underside of the inverter (see Operating Instructions). However, normal operation is not possible in this condition. The values can only be read off the display. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 17

33 Section 6 Installation and Start-up ACTION Switch on the line voltage (via the external circuit breakers). Switch on the solar generator using the DC disconnector (0 1). The uppermost green LED (1) lights up if the generator voltage is greater than 300 V. The display now shows the inverter type for 4 seconds, followed by the current generator voltage: Start at 410 V meas.: xxx V. If the measured voltage is greater than 410 V, the unit begins feeding into the grid after a country-specifi c time period (see section 4, Technical Data). This country-specifi c start-up period is required in order to ensure that the generator voltage is continuously above the power delivery limit of 410 V. An quick start routine is provided for start-up and test purposes. This routine circumvents the start-up period. This quick start routine is found in the confi guration mode menu (see Operating Instructions). During the start-up procedure, the line power relay audibly switches on and power delivery starts. This is signalled by the green LED (2). The display now shows the power being fed to the grid. Key 1 can now be used to display the various measured values (see Operating Instructions). If the inverter stops feeding into the grid because the power is too low, it waits a country-specifi c length of time before resuming power delivery (see section 4,Technical Data). Quick start The inverter can also be started up without any waiting period for the purpose of testing or for the purpose of acceptance by your power supply company. 6.8 Programming - Configuration mode menu Various operating mode parameters can be set in the confi guration mode menu of Powador xi units. WARNING Incorrect parameter settings will lead to a loss of function, render your Safety Certificate invalid, and result in the loss of the safety functions. Modifications may only be made in exceptional cases and only after having consulted with the manufacturer and the power supply company. In order to switch to the confi guration mode menu, hold key 2 pressed down for 15 seconds until the display changes and displays the fi rst parameter. Use key 1 to scroll through the various menu items. The menu is continuous. When you reach the end, the display automatically jumps back to the fi rst item. The parameter menu is country-specific. Details can be found in: Section 4 Technical Data Country-specific parameters. Figure 6.9: Configuration mode menu ACTION To do this, switch to the confi guration mode menu by pressing both keys at the same time. Press key 1 to move through the menu until you have reached the Quick start with key 2 menu item. When you have reached this menu item, keep key 2 pressed down for a short time until the inverter switches on (relays switch audibly) and the green grid-feed LED (2) lights up. If the solar generator voltage is too low, the inverter switches off again. ACTION Use key 2 to change the parameter that is shown. When doing so, the value increases or decreases, depending on the parameter. The values here are also continuous, i.e. after you reach the maximum value, they jump back to the minimum value. Page 18 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

34 Section 6 Installation and Start-up Section 7 Switching the Inverter Off Explanation of individual parameters: Max line voltage EN 50160: The line voltage is averaged over 10 minutes. If the set value is exceeded, the inverter is disconnected from the grid. The voltage threshold can be set at 244 V or 253 V under MAX LINE VOLTAGE EN Under VOLTAGE TO METERING, the limit value can be set between 0 V and 11 V in 1 V increments. This voltage drop between the inverter and the grid feed meter is added to the limit value of Max line voltage EN With a line voltage of 253 V and a voltage drop of 5 V, the Powador switches off if the average line voltage over a ten-minute period is greater than 258 V. Minimum and maximum line frequency: The line frequency is also monitored. If the frequency drops below the value set in MINIMAL LINE FREQUENCY or exceeds the value set in MAXIMUM LINE FREQUENCY, the inverter switches off. Both limit values can be set in 0.1 Hz increments. (Section 4, Technical Data, Country-specifi c setting of parameters). Start at solar voltage: After sunrise, the inverter begins to feed into the grid once the voltage has reached 410 V (display: Start at 410 V ) This setting enables safe operation in any solar generator confi guration. In exceptional cases, it may be necessary to adjust this starting voltage threshold. At a low generator voltage (few modules connected in series), the starting voltage may be reduced to ensure a safe start-up, even during unfavourable weather conditions. At a high generator voltage, the starting voltage may be increased to ensure that the inverter does not switch itself on and off too often with low power. The starting voltage may be set within a range from 370 V to 500 V, in increments of 10 V (factory setting: 410 V). 7 Switching the Inverter Off The inverter must be switched off to adjust settings and for maintenance and repair work. This is done as follows: DANGER Risk of fatal injury by electric shock at live connections. Lethal voltages are still present in the inverter even after the electrical connections have been disconnected. Wait 30 minutes before reaching into the inverter. When working on the photovoltaic modules, you must always disconnect the DC disconnector at all poles in addition to disconnecting from the grid. Disconnecting the line voltage is not enough. ACTION Disconnect the line voltage (switch off the external circuit breakers). Disconnect the photovoltaic module using the DC disconnector (1 0). Check and ensure that the grid connection terminals and the DC connection terminals of the inverter are voltagefree. ACTION After the parameters have been changed, the confi guration mode must be exited so that the settings are permanently saved in the inverter. To exit, press both keys at the same time until the display shows Settings saved. This display changes back to the normal display after 4 seconds. The parameter settings are now saved. If 2 minutes elapse without either key 1 or 2 being pressed, confi guration mode is automatically exited and the parameters are automatically saved. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 19

35 Section 8 Powador as Part of a PV Installation 8 Powador as Part of a PV Installation 8.1 Design of installation A sample design of a grid-connected PV installation using a Powador is shown in the following overview circuit diagrams. PV-Generator PV-Generator + - clamping point DC-Klemmenstelle - + Powador reference Bezugszähler meter zur UV to UV - + Neozed redelever meter Rücklieferzähler Selektiver selective circuit Hauptleitungs breaker Schutzschalter Neozed HAK HA cable HA Kabel Figure 8.1 Single-pole overview circuit diagram for an installation with one inverter PV-Generator PV-Generator Netzeinspeise-Wechselrichter grid feeding Inverter Powador grid feeding Inverter Netzeinspeise-Wechselrichter Powador Powador Wohnung home NEOZED NEOZED reference Bezugszähler meter KWh KWh Rücklieferzähler redeliver meter main switch Hauptschalter selective circuit breaker selektiver Hauptschalter HSA Figure 8.2 Single-pole overview circuit diagram for an installation with two inverters Page 20 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

36 Section 8 Powador as Part of a PV Installation A summary of the components: DC terminal point: Two generator strings are connected in parallel either at a DC terminal point between the solar generator and the inverter or directly on the inverter (terminals for three strings are provided on the inverter). Of course, you can also connect the strings directly to the solar generator and then run just one negative and one positive lead to the inverter. DC disconnector: In order to be able to disconnect the inverter on the generator side from sources of voltage, the inverter comes equipped with an integrated DC disconnector. As a result, the installation of an external DC disconnector is not required. Line fuses: In order to protect the lead, the inverter s power supply lead should be secured with NEOZED fuses. The fuses that are used should be appropriate to the length and cross-section of the leads and fulfi l applicable standards and directives. Grid feed meter: The required grid feed meter is specifi ed and installed by the responsible power supply company. Some power supply companies also allow the installation of your own calibrated meters. In this case, you do not need to pay rent for the meter, but the power supply company may require that the meter be periodically calibrated. Selective main switch: Contact your power supply company if you have questions concerning the required main switch. Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 21

37 Section 8 Powador as Part of a PV Installation 8.2 Installation with multiple inverters Observe the following regarding installations with multiple inverters: Asymmetric grid feed: The power should be distributed as equally as possible over the three phases. In Germany, the asymmetry between the phases may be a maximum of 4.6 kw (according to the VDEW guidelines concerning the connection and parallel operation of independent power generating plants on the low-voltage grid, 4th edition, 2001) n PV-Generator PV-Generator Wechselrichter Inverter L3 L2 L1 N PE L3 L2 L1 N PE L3 L2 L1 N PE L3 L2 L1 N PE fuse Sicherung L1 L2 L3 N Figure 8.3: Grid-side connection for installations with multiple inverters Electrical connection: The Powador is equipped with 3-phase monitoring, but it only feeds in on one phase. In order to avoid asymmetries in the grid, installations with multiple inverters should be designed so that the inverters feed into the grid in differing phases. The inverter feeds into the phase that is labelled L1 on the inverter s terminals If you have multiple inverters, connect the actual phase L1 to terminal L1 on the fi rst unit. On the second unit, connect phase L2 to terminal L1. On the third unit, connect phase L3 to terminal L1. Continue as above. This distributes the power optimally. Figure 8.4: Electrical connection Connection L1 feeds into the grid. Connections L2 and L3 are just monitored. Page 22 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

38 Section 8 Powador as Part of a PV Installation 8.3 Notes specific to the Powador 5000xi NOTE The Powador 5000xi is designed for installations with several inverters, and, at 5.5 kw, is above the limit for singlephase feed into the grid. It, therefore, may be operated only together with at least two additional inverters in order to ensure that the asymmetry is not greater than 4.6 kw (in Germany). For this, the inverters are distributed over all three phases (according to VDEW). Sample confi gurations: L1: Powador 5000xi L2: Powador 5000xi L3: Powador 1501xi Asymmetry: 3.7 kw L1: Powador 5000xi L2: Powador 5000xi L3: Powador 2500xi Asymmetry: 2.7 kw L1: Powador 5000xi L2: Powador 5000xi L3: Powador 3600xi Asymmetry: 1.9 kw L1: Powador 5000xi L2: Powador 4000xi L3: Powador 4000xi Asymmetry: 0.8 kw L1: Powador 5000xi L2: Powador 4000xi L3: Powador 4500xi Asymmetry: 0.6 kw Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 23

39 Section 9 Documents 9 Documents 9.1 EU Declaration of Conformity Name and address KACO new energy GmbH of the manufacturer: Carl-Zeiss-Str Neckarsulm, Germany Product description: Photovoltaic grid-tied inverter Powador Type description: Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi This is to confirm that the devices stated above are compliant with the protection requirements set forth in the EU Council Directive as of 15 December 2004 for the Harmonization of Legal Stipulations of the Member States concerning Electromagnetic Compatibility (2004/108/EC) and the Low Voltage Directives (2006/95/EC). The devices are compliant with the following standards: 2006/95/EC Directive concerning electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits 2004/108/EC Directive concerning electromagnetic compatibility Safety of the device EN :2006 EN 50178:1997* * regarding clearance and creepage distances Interference immunity: EN :2007 EN :2005 Emitted interference: EN :2007 EN :2007** ** regarding radiated emission Secondary effects on the grid: EN :2005 EN :2000 Therefore, the types stated above are labelled with the CE marking. Any unauthorised modifications to the supplied devices and/or any use for other than for the intended purposes shall render this Declaration of Conformity null and void. Neckarsulm, 01st February 2009 KACO new energy GmbH ppa. Matthias Haag Head of Grid-Coupled Systems Division Page 24 Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN

40 Section 9 Documents 9.2 Declaration of Conformity Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Services GmbH Businesspark A Türkheim Germany + 49 (0) cps-tuerkheim@de.bureauveritas.com Certificate of compliance Applicant: Product: Model: Kaco new energy GmbH Carl-Zeiss-Str Neckarsulm Germany Automatic disconnection device between a generator and the public low-voltage grid Powador 2500xi, Powador 3600xi, Powador 4000xi, Powador 4500xi und Powador 5000xi Use in accordance with regulations: Automatic disconnection device with three-phase mains surveillance in accordance with DIN V VDE V : for photovoltaic systems with a single-phase parallel coupling via an inverter in the public mains supply. The automatic disconnection device is an integral part of the aforementioned inverter. This serves as a replacement for the disconnection device with insulating function which the distribution network provider can access at any time. Applied rules and standards : DIN V VDE V (VDE V ): and Generator at the public low-voltage grid, 4th edition 2001, guideline for connection and parallel operation of generators in the public low-voltage grid with VDN additions (2005) from the German Electricity Association (VDEW) and Association of network operator (VDN). The safety concept of an aforementioned representative product corresponds at the time of issue of this certificate to the valid safety specifications for the specified use in accordance with regulations. Report number: 05KFS087-VDE0126 Certificate nummer: U Date of issue: Valid until: Andreas Aufmuth Installation Instructions Powador 2500xi / 3600xi / 4000xi / 4500xi / 5000xi_EN Page 25