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Transcription

1

2 ,,,,,,, C, SMA,

3 Gonglu Liqing Lumian Shigong : : : ( ) : / 16 : : 1 : : ISBN 7 114

4 : : : ( )

5 , ,,,,,,,

6 ,, 1999, km, 1.1 km,,,,,,,, 7080%,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),,,,,

7 ( Superpave) SHRP

8 ( SMA) ( SAC)

9 SMA 189 3

10 189 SMA 190 SMA 192 SMA 194 SMA 195 SMA ( )

11 ( ) () ( ) A 267 B SMA 273 C 276 5

12 D 278 E 279 F

13 , 600,, 1850, 1854 ( L.MaLo),, 6% 10%,,, 1850,, 1871, ( E.J.Desdment), 19 50,,,, 20,,, ,,,, 60, 70,, 90,,,,, ( ),,,, 70,,,,, 80,, 90,,,, 1

14 , 4, ( ) () 3cm,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60 ( 2 3cm),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80,,,, 2

15 ,,, ( ) ( 2.5mm 5mm ),,, 6% 15%, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 20mm25mm,,,,,,, 3

16 20,,,,, 4.75mm ( )5 mm( ),, :,, ( 1/ 10mm) , 120 C160 C,, , 60 C80 C, 15d C60.5 = 70130,, + 10 C 48, 30d90d, :, 2% 5% ;, 6% 10% ;, 20%,, 4 :, 4.75mm 26.5mm 5mm 31.5mm (, ) ;, 4. 75mm16mm 4.75mm19mm ;, 4.75mm9.5mm 4. 75mm13.2mm;, 4.75mm, LH (), AC LH30 30mm I II I, 2% 5% ; II, 6 % 10 %,,,,,,,,,, II,,,, 4

17 ,, I,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 45, : ( 55% ), ( 35% 55% )( 35 % ) ( JTJ03294 )I,,, : (1 ), (2 ),,,, (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ),, (6 ),,, 1. 5

18 5% 3% 6% 2., ( )2 %, 20 %, 30%,,, 10, 35mm40mm, 20mm 3. ( ) SMA, SMA 70% 20% 10 % () 7% () 2% 4% SMA SMA, ( )SMA ( ), ( ),, SMA, SMA, SMA,,,, SMA, ( ), SMA SBS PE EVA, 4. ( HRA), HRA HRA SMA, HRA ( 0.075mm ) (4060), 30% 35 % HRA, 7 %, 0.075mm 8% 12% ( )HRA, HRA, 20 mm 14mm HRA 50% 100 %, HRA, 5 %, 20%, ;,, 6

19 ,,, 10t 11t 13t,,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,,,,,,, 40t 50t, 96t 120t, 1491 ( 3 12 ) 100t 120t, 20t, MPa 1.0MPa, 2.,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, 4. 7

20 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40, 50,, 20%,, 7500, 80% % 8%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80 EVA, 80 SBS, EVA, SBS EVA,, 1991, SBS 40%, EVA 19 %, SB 14%, NOVOPHALT 3%,, PE EVA, SBS,,,, 1 % 1%,, EVA PE,,, SBR,, SBS, 8, ( Superpave),,

21 ,, ( SHRP ) 1987, , SHRP, SHRP ( Superpave), ( FHWA) Superpave, 2000 Super pave SHRP Superpave 21, 10, 3, 8, 1 1 SHRP Superpave :,, Superpave : Superpave ; Superpave ; Superpave ; Superpave ; 1. Superpave (1 ) Superpave 9

22 , Superpave : ; ; ;, ;, ;,,, Superpave, 70 PG64-22, ; - 22,,,, (2 ) Superpave Superpave, :, Superpave Superpave 50mm, 4.75mm ; 2.36mm ; 5 ; 4.75mm ; ; 0.075mm (3 ) Superpave 10% ; Superpave, ( 2.36mm ) ( 0.075mm ),, (0.45) ( 2.36mm) 0.3mm,, ; ( VMA),,,, VMA 10

23 ,,, Superpave mm Superpave 2. Superpave Superpave, ; ; ; (1 ), 1 1 Sup erpave, (2 ) Superpave Superpave 1 2 ( mm ) ( ) 37.5mm 25.0 mm 19.0mm 12.5 mm 9.5mm Superpave 1 3 ( mm ) ( ) 37.5mm 25.0 mm 19.0mm 12.5 mm 9.5mm , Superpave, 11

24 Superpave 4, 2,2, Superpave,, Superpave ( HMA) Superpave 1 4 ESAL ( 10 6 ) N N N, 0 < < < ,,,,, Superpave HMA 1 5 ESA L S ( 10 6 ) ( % ) N N N ( % ), mm ( % ) < < < < : ESAL 20, 9.5mm, ESAL, VF A 73 % 76 % 25.0 mm, < ESAL, VFA 67 % 37.5 mm, V FA 64 % VMA VMA 2 %, ( 7 ) ESAL ( N ini ) ( N des ) ( N m ax ),, ESAL ,, 89%, 11%,, 98%, (3 ),, Superpave 12

25 ,, Superpave Ndes, 4%, 1 5 HMA (4 ) AASHTO T % 1%,,,, ( TSR) 80% 3. Superpave Superpave,,, : (1) Superpave, 1, 2,, (2 ) Superpave,,,, (3 ) Superpave, ,, (4),, : ;; (5 ), Superpave 3,, 4. Superpave, Superpave,,, 1 2,,,,, :,, 1 2 Superpave,,,, 13

26 5. SHRP SHRP SHRP, ( J TJ05293 ) SHRP 1 6 AAS H TO TP 5 AAS H TO TP 1 AAS H TO TP 3 AAS H TO T 240 Brookfield AAS H TO P P 1 AAS H TO TP 48 AAS H TO T 48 SHRP 1 7 Superpave AAS H TO TP 7 AAS H TO TP 9 Superpave AAS H TO TP 7 AAS H TO T AAS H TO P P 2 AAS H TO P P 2 14

27 Superpave 1 8 Superpave 1 Superpave AAS HT O M P1 2 AASH T O T227 T AASH T O P P1 4 AASH T O P P6 5 AASH T O TP3 6 AASH T O TP1 7 AASH T O TP5 8 AST M D2872 T AASH T O TP48 10 AASH T O T 2 T AASH T O T 27 T mm AASH T O T AASH T O T 37 T AST M D AASH T O TP33 16 AST M D4791 T AASH T O T176 T AASH T O T 96 T AASH T O T104 T AASH T O T112 T AASH T O T P AASH T O T 84 T AASH T O T 85 T AASH T O T 85 T AASH T O T100 T Superpave AAS HT O M P2 27 AASH T O P P2 28 AASH T O P P19 29 Superpave AASH T O P P28 30 AASH T O TP6 31 AASH T O TP7 32 AASH T O TP9 33 AASH T O TP4 34 AASH T O T209 T AASH T O T166 T AASH T O T283 15

28 SHRP, Superpave,,, Superpave : Superpave,,,,,, ;, ;, ; (150mm ), ( 2550mm);,, ;, ;, ; Superpave,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( Netlon) Tensar AR1,,, ( Bay Mills ) Ha Telit,,,, 1. :,, :, 16

29 , 01618MPa GPa, 15, 1014MPa M Pa 0,,,, ( MPa) ( MPa) , ( M Pa) ( HDPE) ( PE) ( P P ) ,,, 12.5mm12.5mm, : :, 20,, :,, 4% :,, : 1000,, :,, :, ( kn/ m) ( MPa) ( % ) ( )

30 (1 ),, 1.5,,,,,, (2 ) 5 cm5cm25cm,,,,,, ( 5% ),,,,, (3 ) S.F.Brown, 1/ 4, 1,, 9,, 36% (4 ),,,, 3/ 4, 4.,,, :,, ;,,, ;,, ; 20,,, ( SMA),,,, SMA, SMA, SMA,,, 1mm 2, 18

31 24 2 5

32 1. : (1 ),,,, (2 )SMA,,,, (3 ) SMA ( )( ),,, (4 ),,,,, (5 ),,, 2. SMA,,, ( Methyl Cellulose, MC) 250,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) SMA :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SMA 0.3%, 0.4 %, 0.1%,,,,,,,,,,, 19

33 , 3. SMA,,, 10mm, 0.05mm, 0.5%, 1060mm, 30100, 0.1% 1.0%,,,,,,,,,, 60% 40%, 2,,, f l 1/ 250, 3,,, 1.5% ( ), 60mm 20

34 , :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ,, 2 2,,,,,,, 4,,,,, :,,,,,, - 20 C, 21

35 2 3,,, ,,,,,,,,, 2 3 ( % ) 2 1 AH AH AH AH AH AH ( 1987 ) AH ( 1985 ) AH ( 1988 ) A A A A A , :,,,,,,,, 22

36 , 3, 2 4, 2 4 a) ; b) ; c) :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 5,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ; ( ),,,,,,, 23

37 ,, ( ),,,,,,, 2 2 ( ) 2 2,, ( ),,, C 5 60,,,,,,,,, C ,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1.,,, ( )

38 2 3 A H90 AH ( 87 ) ( 83) 90 ( 84 ) ( 106 ) ( 87 ) ( 87) 70 ( 85 ) 70 (69 ) 70 ( 89 ) 20, ( 10 5 ) , ( 10 4 ) , ( 10 3 ) , ( 10 2 ) , ( 10) , ( 10-1 ) , ( 10-1 ) PVN (1 ) 25 C ; (2 ) ( 2 4 ), ( ), 60 C 135 C,,,, :,,,,,, :, 1/ 10mm (dmm ), 25 C, 100g, 5s, 300, 300,,,,,,, 25 C, C, 135 C,,, : ;, ;, 0.1 C 2., ( 26

39 ) P TI P I PVN (1 )P TI ( P TI), : P TI = P( 46.1 C, 50g, 5s) - P(0 C, 200g, 60s) P(25 C, 100g,5s) (2 1) : P( 46.1 C, 50g,5s ) C, N ( 50 g ), 5 s ( 1/ 10mm) ; P( 0 C, 200g,60s)P(25 C, 100g, 5s) (2 1) PTI,, (2 )P I 25 C (1/ 10mm) ( C), : : n ; Ti; P I = Pi A A = T ilg Pi - (Ti) (lg Pi)/ n T i 2 - ( Ti ) 2 / n - 10 (2 2) , 90, T R &B ( C) A PI : PI < - 2, ; PI = ; PI >

40 PI,, 80100, PI , P I , OCT PI , P I (3 )PV N ( 2 3 ) (2 4) : 25 C P 135 C ( mm 2 / s ) lg P - lg PVN = g P 5 (2 3) 25 P 60 ( PaS ) lg P - lg PVN = lg P (2 4) PV N , PVN , PVN PVN 2 3,, 70,, 70, 4.1%, 3% 3. (1 ),,,, ph 28

41 ,,, ( 2 6 ) 2 6 ( 0.1mm ) ( % ) a),,, ; b),, ; c), 2 7, 80 :, 4 5,, ( ) 4, 4 3 ; (, % ) (2 ) : 510mm 5.5% , 1618 h,, 95% :, 10mm, 3min, 5 :,,,,, 4. 29

42 ,, ( ) () ( ) () ( ),,,,,,,, ( ) (25, 1/ 10mm ) 25 ( ) 0 78 > , , 2 7,,,, ( 2 8, 5 3 % 12 % ) , ( T FOT ) ( RT FOT ),,, min,,,,,

43 (1 ),, (), ; (),, ( ) ( ) SE A.B. 25 ( 1/ 10mm ) 25 (cm ) 25 ( 1/ 10mm ) 25 (cm ) , , (cm ) 15 C 5 C ( ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( cm ) ( ) > > > > > > 150 > > > (2 ),,, 31

44 ,,, 2 9,,,, ( ) (3 ),,, ;,, 2 9, ;, ( S )( t) ( T ) ( ) () S = t.t ( Pa) (2 5) :,,,,, 1s,, = 0 sin( ), 1 (4 ), : C = lg- lg lg (2 6) C, 25, C = 1.0 ; C < 1.0 C,, C,,, C,,

45 2 11 A A A A A A - 60 A - 60 ( 25, 100g, 5s ) ( 0.1 mm ) ( 25, 5 cm/ min) (cm ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) , 5h ( % ) ( % ) (COC) ( ) : cm, cm, 2 12 AH AH AH - 90 AH - 70 AH - 50 ( 25, 100g, 5 s) ( 0.1mm ) ( 5cm/ min, 15) (cm) ( ) ( ) (COC) ( ) 230 ( ) ( % ) 3 ( 15 ) ( ) ( % ) 99.0 ( % ) ( % ) h ( 25) (cm ) ( 15 ) (cm ) :, 60 ( Pas) 135 ( mm 2 / s), ;,, 15, 2 14 : 33

46 2 13 A L ( R) AL ( R) AL ( M) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( M ) AL ( S ) AL ( S ) AL ( S ) A L ( S ) A L ( S ) A L ( S) C 25.5 < 20 < 20 < 20 ( s ) C > 20 > 15 < 10 < 7 < 3 < > 35 > 30 < 35 < 25 < 17 < 14 < 8 < 5 ( % ) 360 > 45 > 35 < 50 < 35 < 30 < 25 < 20 < 15 < 40 < 35 < 25 < 20 < 15 < 5 ( g, 5s ) ( 0.1 mm ) ( 25, 5cm/ min ) ( cm ) > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 > 60 ( 50) ( S) < 20 > 20 > > > 45 > 50 ( T OC ) > 30 > 30 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 70 > 70 > 100 > 100 > 120 > 120 ( % ) :, C 1 ( ), 2 ( mm ) 34

47 2 14 A A AH - 90 AH AH - 90 AH A A A A AH A A AH A A T - 5 T - 6 T - 6 T - 7 T - 6 T - 7 T - 7 T - 8 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A A AH - 90 AH AH - 70 AH - 90 A A A A A A A - 60 A T - 6 T - 7 T - 6 T - 7 T - 7 T - 8 T - 7 T - 8 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A - 60 A A A - 60 A A AH - 50 AH - 70 AH - 90 A A - 60 AH - 50 AH - 70 A - 60 A T - 6 T - 7 T - 7 T - 7 T - 8 T - 7 T - 8 T - 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : ; - 10 C ; 0 C- 10 C ; 0 C (1 ) ( 25), ( ), ( ),,, ; (2 ),,,, : (1 )( ), 25,, 60; (2 ), ; (3 ), ; (4 ),,, 35

48 ,,, PI,,, T800 : AK (2 2) T 800 = lg800 - K A = K A (2 7) T1.2 10, 10,5 T 1.2 = lg1.2 - K A = K A, 10 (2 8),,, 2. ( ),,, 1 1 ;, ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) > 30 C 3020 C < 20 C 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) < - 37 C C C > - 9 C 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) > 1000mm mm mm < 250 mm

49 2 10 ( ) 37

50 ( )

51 , AH 1 - AH 2 - A H ( C) > < 20 ( C) ( 25 C) 0 < > < > ( 15 C,30 C 5 C) T 800 T C, ( ) ( ) TF OT ( 163 C, 5h ), ( % ) ( 10 C) ( cm ) ( C) 230 ( ) ( % ) 3.0 ( 15 C) ( g/ cm 3 ) A H 1-4 AH 1-3 AH 1-4 AH 1-2 AH 1-3 AH 1-1 AH 2-2 AH 2-1 AH 2-4 AH 2-2 AH 3-2 AH 2-3 SHRP SHRP 5,, SHRP, SHRP, : 1. 39

52 , ( G ) () superpave, : G / sin 1.0kPa,, ;, G / sin 2.2kPa, ;,, G sin 5000kPa 2., :, ; m, 3., 0-36,,, superpave 2 12, 135C < 3Pa s F PF > 230C G * sin> 1. 0kPa (RTFOT ) G * sin> 2. 2kP a ( PAV ) G * sin< 5000kP a 60 s 30600M Pa m > , 60 s S < 3000M Pa m > > 1. 0% 2 12 superpave :,, ;, 40

53 ,, ( 25um), ( ), :, 160 C180 C,,,, ;,,,,,,, 10% ;,, ;,,,,,, :, :,, ( ) ; :,, ( ) ; :,,, ; :,, (OH) (O) ( COO Na) ( ) ( OSO 3 Na) ( SO 3 Na) ( ) RNH + CH 2 CH 2 COO RN + (CH3) 2 CH 2 COO 41

54 2 13,,,,, C1619 ( NOT )C16 (1631), NOT,, 410,,,, : 0.3% 0.8 % 0.3% 0.6 % 0.3% 0.6 % 0.05 % 0.2%,, ( ) : 2 14 ( 1621) ( JSA - 3 ) ( 1631) ( O T ) ( JSA - 2 ) N ( NO T ) N ( AS F ) ( J SA - 1 ) RH - CO L HY ph ASF ASF ASF AS F

55 ph J SA J SA J SA NO T ,,,, ( 2 15a),,,, ( 2 15b),,,,,,,,,,, ( 2 15c),, ( ), 2 15d),,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 43

56 2 15, ;,,,, : (1 ) (, ) ;,, () (2 ),, ( CaCO3 ) HCl, H2 CO3, H2 CO3 CO3 2 -,, :, ;,, ;, ; ( ) 44,,

57 1.,, 1 %,, 30% 70%,, (2 16 ),, ;,,,,, 2. ( ),,,, 0.3% 5%,,,,,, ;,,, 3.,, : 2 16 (1 ):, (2 ),,, 4.,,, PH,, PH, PH,, PH PH,, PH PH, 45

58 5.,,, PH,,,, 30% 70% ,,,, : RC ( ), SBR ( ), SBS ( ), EVA( ) SIS ( ) EEA,, : 1., (2 17 ), (1 ):, ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ); (5 ) ,, 3 : (1 ):, ( 0.5mm),, (5000r/ min 12000r/ min),,, (36um ), 46

59 2 20 ( % ) ( % ) C 1619 NO T % 35 % 67 % 70 % , 0.5 % ;, J SA - 1 J SA - 2 J SA - 2 J SA HCl FeCl J SA %,, = ( % ) 47

60 (2 ) :, r/ min,, (3 ):,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 120 C 140 C, 60 C70 C, 80 C : ( ),,,,,,, 10 : ( T0651 ), ( T0652 ), ( T0653), ( T0654 ), ( T0655 ), ( T0656 ), ( T0657 ), ( T0658 ), ( T0659), 2 21, ( JTJ05293),, BS434 ( 9984 ), A K, 14,,, 4070 K170 70%, : P B, C A, 13 PC1,, BA2,

61 2 21 ( T 0651) ( T 0652) ( T0653 ) ( T 0659) ( T 0655) ( T 0656) ( T 0657) ( T 0665 ) ( T0654 ),,,,,,,,, 2 22 PC - 1 PA - 1 PC - 2 PA - 2 PC - 3 PA - 3 BC - 1 BA - 1 BC - 2 BA - 2 BC - 3 BA - 3 ( % ) 0.3 ( + )/ ( - ) C 25.3 ( S ) E ( % ) ( 100g, 25 C, 5 s) (0.1mm ) ( 25 C) ( % ) 80 ( ) ( % ) d ( % ) 1d ( % ), 2/ , 1.18 mm ( % ) - 5 ( - 5 C) 5 1 :, C C 3 mm, E C ; 5 d, 1d ; PC PA BC BA ; BA3 55 % 49

62 :,,,,,,,, () SMA 40, 50, 2 18, : : : : : SBR C R EPDM : SBS SI S : PE E VA AP P P VCEP OXY ( ) : ( ) ( ) : : 2 18,,, (2 23 ) : : ( NR ) ( SBR ) ( CR ) ( BR ) ( EPDM ); :, ( SBS), ( SIS) ; :, ( PE) ( EVA)(APP) ( PVC) ;, ( EP ) 2 23 ( NR) ( SBR ) ( CR ) ( ABR) ( IIR ) ( BR ) ( IR) ( S IR) - - ( SBS ) - - ( SIS ) 50

63 ( EVA ) ( PE) ( EPS ) ( PP ) ( EE A) ( AP P ) ( EP) ( % ) SBS SBR EV A PE ( ) 2.0 ( ) ( ) 3.0 ( ) 3.0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.0 ( ) ( ) 2.0 ( ) 3.0 ( ) 1.0 ( ) 3.0 ( ) 5.5 ( PE ) 4.0 ( PE ) 3.0 ( PE ) ( PE) 5.5 ( PE ) ( PE) 6.0 ( PE ) ( PE) ( ) ( E VA) 2 24, SBS SBR EVA P E, 2 19, SBS SB,, , 7%, SBS 90, 47 %,, SBS ,,,,

64 2 25 SBS SIS E VA PE 0 + :+,0, 2 26 SBS ( ) SBS ( ) E VA PE, SBS PE EVA,, 5 C, SBS E VA PE

65 , SBS,, PE EVA ; PE, SBS ; EVA PE, P E, SBS; SBS,, :, ;, ;,, 1.,, SBS PE EVA ;,, SBS SBR,,,, SBS, ( 2 27) 2 27 SBS E VA PE 2.,,,, SBS SBR ;,,, SBS PEEVA, (SBS + P E) 3.,,,,,,, ;,,,,, SBR, SBS, 4. SBS, ;, SBSPE EVA,,, 53

66 : ( ) : SB R : SBS : SBS PE EVA AP P : :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ( ) LG8,, RF NOVOPHALT,, :,, :,,, (SBS), 5., : ; ( ) ; 4cm, 23m, kg/ m 3, 5.2% ( 6% ), 120t, 2300t, 2 28,,, 110 / t, 2 28, SBR, EVA,, SBS PE,, 54

67 SBS PE SBS + PE SBR E VA ( ) 4.5 % 6 % 3 % + 3 % 5 % ( ) 5 % ( / t) / ( / t ) ( / t ) ( / t ) ( / t ) ( / k m) SBS SBR EVA PE,, 1. SBS, SBS 40%,, (1 ) SBS SBS 1995, SH/ T SBS, : PB PS ( 2 22 ), SBS SBS, 2 22 SBS 55

68 , PS, SBS, PB,, PS,,,, SBS,, SBS Phillips solprene( )shell carifler ( ) SBS SBS, SBS SBS; SBS,,, SBS, SBS,,, ;,, SBS S/ B (PS / PB ) 3/ 7, SBS,,,, SBS,, SBS,, SBS, :, SBS,,, 5%, S/ B, SBS SBS, 300% SBS,,,, (2 ) SBS SBS,, (2 29 )SBS : ; 160 C,, 90,,, ;,, ;, 2. PE (1 ) PE PE,, g/ cm 3, (55% 65 % ), ( MZ = ),, ( PE) 56

69 ,,,,,, ; 5% (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) PE PE (2 29 ): SBS PE EVA % SBS 5 % PE 5 % E VA ( 25 C) 1/ 1 0m m , C C, cm > 200 > , C , C C, % PI (10 C ) ( MPa) , Nm , % , % C, cm C 60 C, T800 ; T1.2, 5 C, (25 C) ; PI PI, ;, ; 3. SBR SBR,,, 57

70 , :,,,,,,,, ; (2 30 ) :,,, ( 25 C ), 5 C,, ;, ;,, ; ; SBR C 25 C 15 C ( mm ) ( ) 25 C, Ncm 95 C 60 C A % SBR EVA (1 ) EVA EVA, EVA, ;,,,, EVA 5% 60 % ( ), EVA, EVA 1% 5% ( ),, EVA, EVA, VA ( ) MI( ) EVA,, VA MI ( )EVA ;, VA MI,, MI( ) VA( ) EVA EVA (2 ) EVA EVA 2 29, : 58

71 ,, ; ; 5. PE,,,, SBS SBR PE, SBS SBR PE, SBS SBR, SBS P E,, SBS PE SBS SBS PE,, SBS PE ;, P E 2 31,, ( SBS + PE) SBS, SBS + PE SBR + PE,, SBS SBS + PE 2 31 ( ) 6 % SBS 3 % SBS + 3 % PE 15 C dm m C dm m C dm m C cm C cm C P I C C ( 25 C) % 20 > % TFO T (25 C ) % C ( 5 C) cm ,,, 59

72 ,, 60, F.S.,, 1986 C.L.,,,,,, 15% 25%,,,, ( 0.5 % 1.0% ), ( ),,, : ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ), 1.,, SBR,,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,, AH , AH - 90, AH - 90, AH (2 ),

73 AASHTOAGCARTBA ( 1991 ) 2 32 SBS SBR PE, E VA I - A I - B I - C I - D II - A II - B I I - C III - A I II - B II I - C III - D III - E 25 C, 100g, 5s min ( 0.1 mm) max C, 200g, 60 s min C, 5 cm/ min (cm ) min C( p) min C(cst) min 150 max T R &B ( C) min ( C) max ( % ) min , ( C) max C( cmkg) min C( cm kg) min RTF OT TFO T ( % ) max C( % ) min C, 200g, 60 s min C( p) max C( cm ) min C( cmkg) min C( cmkg) min

74 AASHTOAGCARTBA ( 1991 ) 2 33 SBS SBR PE, E VA I - A I - B I - C I - D II - A II - B I I - C III - A I II - B II I - C III - D III - E 25 C, 100g, 5s min ( 0.1 mm) max C, 200g, 60 s min C, 5 cm/ min (cm ) min C( p) min C(cst) min 150 max T R &B ( C) min ( C) max ( % ) min , ( C) max 2.2 ( in lbs.) min (inlbs.) min RT EO T TE OT ( % ) max C( % ) min C, 200g, 60 s min C( p) max C( cm ) min 25 8 ( in lbs.) min 110 (inlbs.) min 75 62

75 (3 ) ( SHRP) SHRP,,, ( JTJ03698),,, T800 T1.2 2.,,,,,, ( ) AASHTO , 2 37 ( 190 P37 ) 2 34 I I I ( ) 25 C ( 0.1 mm) > 50 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 ( C) > 80 > 68 > 75 7 C ( cm ) > C ( cm ) > 30 > 50 > 30 > 50 ( C) > 260 > 260 > 260 > 260 > 260 T FO T ( % ) < 0.6 > 0.6 > 0.6 ( % ) > 55 > 65 > 65 > 65 > 65 ( C) < - 12 ( Nm ) > 5 > 8 > 20 > 16 > 20 ( Nm ) > 2.5 > 4 > 15 > 8 > 15 ( 15 C) ( g/ cm 3 ) 6 0 C ( 104 Pas) > 2.00 > 0.15 > 0.30 ( C) ( C) ( % ) < 5 63

76 ( P mmb) C 0. 1 mm C C C cm C cm C % , C 2 RTF OT % % % % 95 C ( BMV ARS17/ 91 T LP MB) 2 36 PmBA P mbb PmBC 80 A 65A 45A 80B 65 B 45B 65 C 45C 25 C, 100g, 5 s mm T R &B C C C cm C cm C cm C g/ cm C 200 % 50, C 2.0 % 1.00 C 6.5 C

77 % PmBA P mbb PmBC 80 A 65A 45A 80B 65 B 45B 65 C 45C 40 % 10 7 C cm C cm C cm % C, 100g, 5 s( 0.1 mm ) SBS( I) SBR ( II ) E VA PE( III ) I - A I - B I - C I - D II - A II - B II - C II I - A II I - B III - C III - D PI [ 1] C, 5 cm/ min (cm ) T R &B ( C) C ( Pas ) [ 2] 3 ( C) ( % ) , ( C) [ 3] C ( % ) ( Nm ) ( Nm ) RTF OT [ 4 ] ( % ) C ( % ) [ 5] C ( cm ) : P I 15 C 25 C 30 C, lgp = A T + k, A, PI = A, R A 135 C ( JTJ052 ) ( ),,, 60 C,, ( RTF OT ) ; ( TFO T ),,,, ; : (1 ), AS TM 65

78 (2 ) SBS SBR EVA PE,, (3 ), PI - 1.0, - 1.0,,, (4 ),,,,,, A B C D A D,,, : SBS 5 C, SBR 5 C EVA PE, (5)( ) (6), :,,, ; ( );, SBS, SBS 3% 5%, 3% 4%, 5% ; EVA PE, EVA PE 4% 6%, 4% 5%, 6%,, 15 C 25 C 30 C, PI, 25 C, 2 37,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, (700 C ) (450 C700 C ), 66

79 ,,,,,,,,,, 10% 15%,, 10 C,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, ( ), (, ),, : (1 ),,, ( ),, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,, : 170 C 270 C 300 C (4 ) 67

80 ,,,,,,,,,, 2 38 ( JTJ03294) 2 38 T - 1 T - 2 T - 3 T - 4 T - 5 T - 6 T - 7 T - 8 T - 9 C 30, ( s ) C 30, C 60, C 60, ( % ) 170 C C C C ( C ) ( ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) :, C ( C), ( mm ) 90%,,,,,,,,,, 20, 20 40, 15, 58,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 68

81 2.36mm, 2.36mm, 0.075mm ( ) 1.,,, 2.,,, ( % ) ( % ) ( t/ m 3 ) ( % ) ( % ) 12 - ( % ) < 0.075mm ( % ) 1 1 ( % ) 5 5 ( BP N ) 42 ( % ) 28 ( % ) : ;, kg/ m 3, 3 %, ;,,, ; 3 %, 2 % ;,, 69

82 1., 25%,, 1216mm 150mm, 10min 400kN, 3mm,, mm, < 2.36mm 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,, ;,, 1% 2%,,,,, 1.5% 2%, 3% 4 %, 4.,,,,,, SiO2 SiO2 65%, ; SiO2 52 %, ; SiO2 52 % 65 %, ;, : 70

83 (1 ), 5% 35%, 53 ; (2 ), 20% 85 %, 31,, : 2%, 2 % 4% ; ; 0.3% 0.4%,,,,,,,, 3 3,, mm,, ( ) mm,, 1. ( ), 2., 3., ( ),, 15% 4. 2%,, 5. 60% ( ), 0.075mm3%

84 2 40 ( t/ m 3 ) ( > 0.3mm ) ( % ) 12 - ( % ) : ;, 0.075mm ( ), 3 %, 5 % mm,, :,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) ( ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) ( ),,,, 72

85 ,,,, ( t/ m 3 ) ( % ) 1 1 < 0.6mm ( % ) < 0.15mm ( % ) < 0.075mm ( % ) < 1, 10 % 20%, 4,, ;,, 50 %, 4 73

86 1. : ;,,, (),, 10%, ; 10%, 3 % 6% I,, 4% 10%,, :, 4.75mm31.5mm(, ) ;, 4.75mm19mm ;, 4.75mm13.2mm ;, 4.75mm LH, AC ( mm ) ( mm ) - AM LS AC - 30 AM L H - 40 LH - 35 LS - 40 LS AC - 25 AM L H - 30 LS AC - 20 AM L H - 25 LS AC - 16 AM L H - 20 LS

87 ( mm ) ( mm ) AC - 13 AM L H - 15 LS AC - 10 AM L H - 10 LS AC - 5 AM L H - 5 LS AK LK AK LK ,, 2. : (1 ), 30 % 40%,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),, ,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 75

88 ,,, 10mm, (cm ) AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AM - 13 AC AC - 20 AC AC - 20 AC - 20 AM AC - 25 AC - 25 AC AC - 30 AC - 30 AC - 30 AM AM - 25 AM - 30 AM - 25 AM - 30 AM - 25 AM AM - 40 AM - 40 AK - 13A AK - 13A AK - 13A AK - 13B AK - 16A AK - 13B AK - 16A AK - 16B AK - 16B AK - 16A 1.,,,, 3 2,, : c + tg (3 1) :, : c ; ; 3 2 ( tg) (c), c, R r 2. (1 ), :, 76

89 , ( ) ( ),,,,,, ( ), (2 ),.A.,,,,,, ;,,, (3 3) 3 3, 77

90 ,, ( ),,,, ( 0.02mm ) ( ),,,,,,, 3. (1 ),,,,,,,, ( 3 4 ),, ( VMA) (2 ) 3 4,,,,,,,, ( 3 5) (3 ) ; (4 ), 78

91 3 5 R20; R50 4. : ;,,,, : (1 ), ; (2 ) ; (3 ); (4) :,, ;, ; ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) PA1 0.4 % , 85 % AST 0.3 % 4 BA3 0.4 %, ,,,,, 2h 2 %, 24h 20%, 48h 30 %, 72h 34%, 79

92 ,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),, : ; ;, ;,,,,,, ,, S ( 2s)E 3 4 ( ) ( MPa) ( ) S( M Pa) E ( M Pa) ,,,, 1. :, ;,,,, ( ),, 80

93 , 90% mm 1. ; 1. ( 1. ; 2. ; ) ; ; 2. ( 3. ; 2. ; 2. ( ) ; 4. ; ; 5. ; ( ) ; ) ; ( ) 2. : (1 ),,, ( % ) ( % ) ( ) ( M Pa) (2 ), :, ;,,,,,,, % 17.00%, ( 2% ), (3 ), ( Dm ax 1/ 2 Dm ax ),, 60%,, ( VMA), (4 ) 81

94 , 1% 3% 3.,,,,,,, :,,,,,, SHRP, (1 ) 300mm300mm50mm,,,, RP DS(1mm ) ( ) ( % ) ( cm ) h h h ( mm ) DS ( mm ) DS ( mm) DS :h 82 :, DS,

95 ; h DS,, h, DS DS, 1.5%, DS 45 ;, ; (2 ) SHRP,,, / () ( ) ( ),,,,, 3 9,, C, 3 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 6, 15cm, ( Pa) 5cm ( Pa) 54.6% ;,, 9cm,, 10MPa, 15cm 7.8%, 12cm,,, Pa, 15cm 35.3%,, 12cm,,,, (100 kpa), (100kPa),,, (1 ),,,,, 83

96 , ( ) (2 ) :,, ,

97 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30mm 35mm 250mm, 0, 1MPa ( 0 ), 1h,, t1 t2 1 2, sp eed, J2 J1 spee d = 1-2 = J 1 - J2 t1 t1 - t2 - t2 (3 2) 3 10,, (cm ) T 1.2 ( ) ( 1/ s/ kpa) AH AH A A A A A , 0.5mm0.75mm, 50,,,,, 85

98 ,,,, : ( < 5cm ),,, ; ( > 15cm ),,,,, 3 8,, 3 8, % % ( ) (1 ), ( ) (3 9), (2 ),,,,, (3 ), 3 10, 1% (100 % ),,, (4 ),,, 86

99 3 9 (5 ),,, 3 11 (6 ),, (3 12 ),, ( 15cm),,,, 3 10 ( 5cm),,,,, (80100 ),,,,,,,,,,, 35,, 87

100 135 4h,, 85 5d, (1 ),, (2), 21 22kg/ m 2, h5min,, 4h, 2. (1 ) :,,,, (2 )16h, (3 ), 853, 5d( h), (4 )5d, 16h,, 88 (1 ):,

101 ,, (2 ):,, (3 ): ( ),,,, 3% 6%,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (4 ):, 0.5%,,, (5 ):,,,, ;, ;,,,, ;,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,

102 3 12 > 15cm ; 5cm,, < 0.15mm,,,, 3 13 ( JT J03294 ) 3 13 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AC - 16 AC - 13 AC - 16 AM - 13 AC - 5 AC - 10 AM - 5 AM - 10 AC - 20 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 25 AC - 30 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 30 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 30 AM - 25 AM - 30 AC - 13 AC - 20 AC - 25 AC - 25 AM - 25 AM - 30 AM - 40 AC - 25 AC - 30 AC - 30 L H - 15 L H - 20 L H - 25 L H - 25 L H - 30 L H - 30 L H - 15 L H - 20 L H - 30 L H - 15 L H - 20 L H - 25 LS - 15 L H - 5 L H - 10 L H - 15 LS - 30 L H - 30 LS - 5 LS - 10 LS - 30 L H - 35 L H - 40 L H - 35 L H - 40 L H - 30 L H - 35 AM - 30 AM - 35 LS - 35 LS - 40 L H - 35 LS - 30 LS - 35 LS - 40 LS - 35 LS - 40 LS

103 : (1 ), (2 ), I, (3 ),, I (4 ),, (5 ) 1/ 2, 2/ 3 (6 )I 1. (1 ),,,,,,,, :,,, (), 3 13 a b (3 13 a),,,,,,, 3 13 (3 13 b),,,,,,,,, 91

104 ,,, ( ),,, (3 13 d ),,,,, (2 ), ( JTT03294 ) ( ) , : a) NO.4 NO.16, ; b),, 30%, 15% 20%, 20 % 25 % c),, 5% 7%, 1.5% 2%, 2%, a) n, A.N.Tabol (), Px = 100( d/ D) n (3 3) : Px ( )d ; d( ) ( mm ) ; D ( mm ) N = 0.50, ( Fullers), n = , n = , n = 0.45, b) i, Px = 100 i x (3 4) 1/ 2, d D : d = D/ 2 X, X, : X = 3.32log( D/ d ) (3 5) (3 4) i, d = D, 100%, d = D/ 2, 100i, d = D/ 4, 100i 2, n, i = 0.5 n, i = ; i > 0.8, ; i < 0.7, ; i = 0.75 c) k, 92

105 ( ) 3 14 (, mm) ( % ) AC 30I II AC 25I II AC 20I II AC 16I II AC 13I II AC 10I II AC 5I AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AK 13A AK 13B AK

106 ( ) 3 15 (, mm) ( % ) L H 40I L H 40I I L H 35I L H 35I I L H 30I L H 30I I L H 25I L H 25I I L H 20I L H 20I I L H15 I L H 15I I L H 10I L H 10I I L H LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LK 15A L K 15B L K

107 ( ASTMD ) 3 16 D max ( mm ) ( mm ) ( % ) ( % ) in 1 ( 1/ 2 )in 1in 3/ 4in 1/ 2in 3/ 8in NO.4 N in 1 ( 1/ 2 )in 1in 3/ 4in 1/ 2in 1/ 8in NO I 9.5 I I : 1in = 2.54 cm 95

108 3 17 (cm ) D max ( mm ) ( mm) ( % ) ( % )

109 n = 3.32log( D/ ) (3 6) PX = 100(1 - kx - 1 k n - 1 ) (3 7) X = 3.32log( D/ dx ) (3 8) k = , k = 0.7, k = 0.75, k > 0.8,,, 2% 5%,,,,,,, 15% 22% ;,,,,,,,, 10 %,,,,, , ( GB )11.2 (3 ) SUP ERPAVE SUPERPAVE, (10%, ),, ( 2.36mm ) (0.075mm ) ; 0.3mm,, VMA,,, ( mm ) ( mm ) ( % ) ( 1 )

110 3 19 ( mm) ( mm) ( / ) ( % ) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 18.7,, : I, II,,,, SU PERPAVE,,, < 0.074mm , 90100;, ; 0.075mm, , 3 20 :,, LH20I LH20II, LH20I,,, ; LH20II,,,,,, LH20I, 3 21LH20I LH20II LH20I( 3 14) ASTM

111 3 20 ( mm ) (, mm) ( % ) (2 4 ) (2 4 ) (2 5 ) (2 5 ) (3 5 ) (3 6 ) : 1,

112 (GB ), : 3 21 (, mm ) ( % ) ( mm ) ( % ) a), I, b),, AS TM, AS TM, ; c)gb , 5mm, 5mm I,, ( 3 22) 3 22 (, mm ) ( % ) / / / / / 24 (4 ),,,,,,, C,, :, 3 15a),,, ( ),,, 3 15b) 3 15b ),,, : ( A B ), A B ( a = a ), ( ) 100

113 3 15 : (B C ), : ( C D ), ( b = b ),,,,,,,,,,, (5 ), 0.075mm 2.36mm 4.75mm ;, (), (),,,, ( ) 100%,,,,, 2. (1 ),, ( ), 0.5 % 56, 4,, (2 ), (3 ), 3 23 ( GB )

114 3 23 ( ) ( kn) I > 7.5 > 5.0 > 3.0 I I > 5.0 > 4.0 ( 0.1 mm ) I I I ( % ) I I I > 10 > 10 ( % ) I I I ( % ) I > 75 > 75 > 75 I I > 70 > 70 : 1kN ; I 2 % 6 % ; ( VMA) ; ( mm ) VMA ( % ) ,, ; (4 ),,,,, : 3 24 ( E AL < 10 4 ) ( 10 4 < E AL < 10 6 ) ( E AL > 10 6 ) , 3336 (2300 a ) 5338 (2300 a ) 8006( 3400 a ) ( N) ( 2224 b ) ( 3336 b ) ( 6675 b ) ( mm ) 2 4 (2 5 ) 2 4 (2 4 ) ( 24 ) ( % ) 3 5 (3 5 ) 3 5 (3 5 ) 3 5 (3 5 ) ( ) ( 38 ) ( 38 ) ( 38 ) : a 1981, b

115 / 13 ( 13 ) (13 ) 20/ 13F 13 F 13F 13F 13 C 75 B ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( kg) > 500 > 500 > 750 > 500 > 350 > 500 > mm : ( 750kg ) C 75 ;, 75 % I ; I II I ; 2% I II ; a1, a2, ( )a3, OAC1 OAC1 = ( a1 + a2 + a3 )/ 3 (3 9) 3 20 OACmin OACm a x, : OAC2 = ( OACmin + OACm ax )/ 2 ( 3 10) OAC1 OAC2 OAC,, ; a) OAC1 OAC2 (OAC), b),, OAC2 OACmin, OAC2 0.5 % c), OAC2 OACm a x, OAC2 0.3 % 3.,,, (OAC), 600.7M Pa,, 800 / mm, 600 / min,, ( OAC ) ( OAC1 OAC2 ), OAC OAC1 OAC2,, OAC 103

116 3 26,, / 800 / mm 500 / mm / 1000 / mm 800 / mm / 1200 / mm 1000 / mm / / mm 4., ( 251), 48h,,, 97.3kPa(730mmhg), 15min,,,, 15min, ( ) 48h,, 3 20,, OAC OAC1 OAC2, OAC OAC1 OAC2,, OAC, ( ),,, ( ) > < 20 ( / mm ) < > ( ) (, 1M Pa, 1/ S/ M Pa) ( mm ) > < 250, , ( % ) , ( % )

117 : , ( SMA) 1. SMA( stone mortar asphalt ), 60 splittmastixasphalt,, 90, SMA, SMA SMA, 1997 SMA 100 SMA SMA, PE SBS 1997, SMA, SBS SMA, :,, 90% SMA 4mm, 25% SMA,, SMA,,,, SMA,, 5 SMA,, SMA 40% SMA,, 2. SMA SMA : ( ), 2.36mm, SMA 4.75mm ;, (1 ), 16mm19mm, 25mm,, 4.75mm 25% 28%,, 105

118 ( % ) AAS H TO 96 < AST M 479 < 20 < 5 AAS H TO 85 < 2 ( 5 ) AAS H TO 104 < 15 < > 100 > ( % ) ( 5 ) AASH T O 7104 < 15 < 20 AASH T O TP33 > 45 AAS H TO 789 < 25 AAS H TO 790 (2 )0.075mm 8% 13%, 0.02mm 20%,, 4 (3 ) SMA, SMA 5.0% 6.5%, SMA 5.5% 7.0 % 0.3%, 0.6%, (4 ) SMA,, ( ), 6mm, 0.3% 0.4%, 10% SBS, 5 % 8% ( ) ARBOCEL221 TECH NOCEL VIATOP ARBOCEL 228/ 1 : % 80% PH m 250 ( % ) 0.3%

119 3. SMA 70% 20% ( 11)10%, 2mm 70 % 80 %,2mm0.09mm 12% 17%, 0.09mm 8% 13% SMA ( 1995 )SMA 3 30 SMA ( mm ) ( % ) ( B65) ( % ) SMA 3 31 ( mm) ( % ) mm 14 mm SMA , 30% 4.75mm,20% 2.36mm, 10% 0.075mm, 1994 SMA (3 32) SMA 4.75mm 30 %,, ( VMA), SMA AASHTO SMA (, T27 T11) ( % ) ( ) < 3 : SMA, 20mm, 11mm16mm, SMA, 19mm26.5mm 3 33 SMASMA, SMA (4.25mm, 2.36mm) SMA SMA SMA 3 33 ( mm ) ( % ) ( % ) SMA SMA

120 4. SMA SMA,,, SMA ( VMA), AI( ) SMA : (1 ) SMA ; (2 ); (3 ) VMA ; (4 ) OAC, ; (5 ) SMA 3 16 VCA DR C 4 75 mm 22 % 4 75 mm 25% 475 mm 28%, VMAVCA,, 3 16 SMA (1 ) 3 32, 4.75mm, 108

121 :22% 25 % 28%,,0.75mm 10%, VMA, VMA 17 %, Gsb, : Gsb = P1 G1 + P 2 G P 3 : P1 P2 P3 Pn, 100; G3 + + P n G1 G2 G3 Gn (2 )VCADR C Gn ( 3 11) VCA ( ) VCAD RC ASTM T19 ASTM C29 (3 ) 2.75, 6.0 % 6.5 %, 2.75, (4 ), VMA VCA,, 4, , 1 ( AASHTO T209 ), 3 AASHTO T245 50, 100 AASMTO T166 Gmb, AASHTO T209 Gm m, W, VMA VCAVFA VV = ( 1 - Gmb Gmm )100 ( 3 12) VCA = ( 1 - G mb PC A )100 ( 3 13) Gca VMA = ( 1 - G mb Ps ) 100 ( 3 14) Gsb VMA - VV VFA = 100 ( 3 15) VMA : Ps( % ) ; PC A, 4.75mm ( % ) ; Gsb ( % ) ; Gca ( % ), VCA < VCADR CVMA 17%, 4.75mm (5 ), Va,,, Va Va 3% 4%, 4%, 3.5%, 6 % 2.75, 109

122 6% 3, 4, 12,,, SMA 3 34 SU PERP AVE % > 6 + > 6 + % VM A % > 17 > 17 VCA % < VCA DRC < VCA DRC N > 6.2 mm 24 TSR % > 70 > 70 ( ) % < 0.30 < 0.30 : + > 2.75 (6 ) SMA, 0.075mm, SMA, SHRP ( ), PG, 3 35 SMA 3 35 DSR, G / sin kpa > 5 R TFO T DSR, G / sin kpa > 11 PAV BB R, MPa < 1500 (7 ) SMA SMA TSR,,,, 5. SMA SMA, 6. SMA (1 ) SMA 4cm 16mm SMA16, AH90, 4% PE 2 % SBS, SMA 0.4 %, 6.0%,

123 SMA 3 36 ( mm ) % (2 ) SMA 6cm, 7cm, AC25I, 8cm AC25I, AH90, 3% PE 3% SBS,,, VIATOP66, 0.3%,, 66%, 33 % 3 37 SMA 3 37 ( mm ) % ( % ) ( % ) SMA (0.7MPa, 60) 2953 / mm, 6.5 %,, 6.3% (3 ) SMA 4cm, 6cmAC25I, 8cmAC25II SMA ( )90 ( ), 4% P E + 2% SBS 5% P E + 1% SBS, 0.4%, 3 38 SMA ( mm ) ( % ) (4 ) SMA 4cm, SBS Caribit, 6.0 %, 0.3%,, 21, 3.3%, 6.93kN, 2.85mm( 3 39) 3 39 ( mm) (5 ) SMA 4cm, SBS Caribit, 6.5%, 3.36 %, 0.3%, 6.4kN, 4.65mm 2.534kg/ cm 3, / 111

124 mm, 3 40 SMA 3 40 ( mm) SMA ( FHWA) SMA, SMA, :, 90 % 30 ; 65 % SMA, 4.75mm 65% 75 %, 50 % 60% 4.75mm 72% 80% ; 65% SMA 0.075mm 9% 11%, 50% 0.075mm 8% 10% ; 90% SMA VMA 15% 30%, VMA, 1996 VMA 19.2 % ; 65% ( ) 6.0% ; 30 % SMA 7 %,30% SMA 5%, 5% 7% ; SMA,, :,,,, 90% 4mm, 65% 2mmSMA ( 6mm) 4.75mm 1. (DGFC),, 15% 30%, : (1 ) : ; ;,,,, 67db( A) 34db (A), 3 23db( A), 5db( A), 20 %, ( 5.3% ),, 020mm 45.5db(A) (2 ) 112

125 ( ),,,, ( 3, 11.5 ) (3 ),,,,40mm 8mm : (1 ), 5, 25% (2 ),, 2. : ( 1) ; ( 2), ; (3 ); ( 4) : (1 ) 3 41 SMA, 2.36mm 9.5mm, 20%,, 4.75mm 75%, 2% 5%, ( ), ( 60/ 70), ( mm ) ( % ) (2 ) 113

126 ,, (3 ),,,, 25 % (3 17 ) 3 17,, 1h,,,, (3 18 ) 4,, 300, ( ) (3 17), 114

127 ( ) 491 4,, 12h,, ( ) 300,, 3. (1 ) 3 18, Pavebond Special 11, 3% (2 ) ARB, 2% 10% 15% 20% ARB ( ), : a) (SBS), 4.0% 5% ; b) ( ), 5.5% 6.5%, EVA 80/ 100,, ( SAC) 1. ( SAC),,, 4.75mm()5mm() LH20I, 3 % 6%,,, 0.3mm LH20II,,, 6 % 10%,,,,,,,,,,,, ( SAC)

128 , 3 42 LH 20 II, (10mm 5mm 2.5mm) LH20II, ( 0.3mm 0. 15mm 0.075mm ) LH20I ( mm) L H 20I L H20II SAC (1 )0.5mm, LH20I 5%, (2 )LH20I ( 5mm 42.5 % ) ( 5mm 59% ) 50, , ( SAC20) LH20I ( 1) 248km, SAC16, 3 43, 3 44, 3 45 ( mm) ( % ) SAC SAC ( mm ) ( % )

129 SAC ( ) / ( kn) ( 0.1 mm ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ,, 200m ( ),,, , 0.70mm, 1.06mm, 0.84mm0.92mm 3 46 ( mm ) ( mm) ( mm ) ( % ) , 200,,, 3 47,, 3 47 ( % ) (2 ) 83.5km, 3 43, 3 48, 117

130 3 49 SAC ( mm ) ( % ) ( % ) SAC16 (22 ) 3 49 ( kn ) (0.1mm ) (g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 10 6 Pas, 40 ( 1/ 10mm) ( ), ( 3 20):,,,,,, :,, ( ) () (, 10 % 18 % ) ; 118 (0.41.2, 1.5 ) ; 1.5 ; :, Pa s ; ;

131 ,, (25 ) ( Pas ) 25 ( % ) ( 10-3 N/ m ) ( / ) < , 3 52, 3 53 ( ) 3 51 L M H 60( Pa.s ) AST M D ( ) AST M D92 72 > 177 > 177 > 177 AST M ( ) D16061 > 149 > 149 > % > 191 > 191 > % > 210 > 210 > 210 ( N/ P) AST M D > 70.5 > 0.5 > 0.5 AST M D ( N + A1)/ ( P + A2 ) AST M D70 72, L = 46, M = 88, H =

132 3 52 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) C 5 60 ( S ) 5 13.( % ) (160 h) ( ) > 190 > Pas (25) ( % ) ( 10-3 N/ m ) / < < < < 3 3. (1 ) : ; ;, ;, ;, : ;,, ; ; ;, (2 ) : P = G 0 100% ( 3 16) GR : P ( % ) ; G0 ; GR, ( 30 % 40 % ) ; 120

133 , ( 50 % 80 % ) ;, ;,,, ;, (3 ), 0.5Pas ; Pas, : X ; 0 ; b ; k log k = X a log b + (1 - X ) a log 0 ( 3 17) F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 (4 ),, : Pb, 1/ 10mm; log Pb = 1 X a [log Pk - (1 - X ) a (log P0 - A ) - A] + A ( 3 18) Pk, 1/ 10mm; P0 1/ 10mm; X, ; A, A = X : X; i R( % ) ; i0 ; P ( % ) X = i R - i0 P F 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 (5 ) ir,,, ; (6 ),, : a) PR = Pm (1 - V ) 1 + ir ( Pm - 1 ) ( 3 19) 121

134 : P R, g/ cm 3 ; Pm, g/ cm 3 ; ir, % ; V, % b) : Gk, g; Pk, g/ cm 3 ; V, cm 3 c) : G0, g; P, % d) Gk = Pk V ( 3 20) G0 = GRP 1 - i R 1 - i0 ( 3 21) abc, a, bc e) Gb = GR [ ir : Gb gr : gb = Gk ( 1 - ir ) b ( 3 22) gc = Gk ( 1 - ir ) c ( 3 23) - Pi0 1 - i R 1 - i0 gr = G0i0 X 1 - X : X,, ] ( 3 24) ( 3 25),, : ib = ir : ib, % ; - Pi0( 1 - ir ) ( 3 26) 1 - i0 ir,, % ; P, % ; i0, % 122

135 ,,,, , t/ h 40100t/ h t/ h 400t/ h 123

136 ,,,,,, 4 2,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, :, ( 45, 4 ) 45, ( ),,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11,,,,, :,,,,,,, 124

137 2., :,,,,,, ( ) () ( ) ( ),, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11,,,,,,,,, 30% 40%,,, 3.,60,,

138 :,,,,,,, 70,, ( ) () ( ) ( ),,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ( ) () ( ) ( ),,, 4 7, :, 126

139 ,, :,,, Q( t) 1. Q = ngj K b ( t/ h) ( 4 1) 1000 : Gj ( kg ) ; n; Kb, Kb = : n = : t1 ( min ) ; t2 ( min) ; t3 ( min) 2. Q = : GL ( kg) ; 60 GL Kb t1 + t2 + t3 t() ( min ) ( 4 2) ( t/ h) ( 4 3) ( ) = m/ s, :, min;, 1.53min,, = m/ s,, (),,, 10%,,,, ( ),, 1, 1/ 3 10 (10 ), 10,,,,, 400t, t/ h 300t/ h, 200t/ h 127

140 ,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 2h, 7 m,,,, 4 2 ( t/ h ) ( ) ( kg) 4 2 ( m 2 ) ,,, ( ),, 35d,,,, 57m, 2030m, 2.53m,, 2. :,, ; ;,,,, 3.,,,

141 4 3 kg/ ( t/ h) ( mm ) ( t) ( kw ) HHB25 ( 25) < 0.5 % 13.6 ( ) DH NB80 ( ) < 0.5 % LJB1000 ( ) LB (30 ) LB ( 6080 ) % 1.0 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % LB ( ) % M ( ) % L QB (100) < 0.5 % 320 L QB (200) < 0.5 % 600 Q LB60 ( 60) 75 L QC (160) % 0.33 % 0.33 % 440 LJ ( ) % 0.5 % 0.5 % 129

142 4 4 ( t/ h) ( kw ) ( m ) ( k W) ( kg) ( kw) NP PT , N P M , 4 N P PT N P PT , Niigat a N P A , N P A N P , 8 NA PU , N IKKO NA PU NA PU NA PU , DM ,, DM E rmot DF DF DF ,, CM CM CM ,, MARI NI Bernardi BARBE R GREE N E L I NT EC Amomat ic MAP M95 E M380 E MIC S E220 BA CSD C :, 130

143 ( RCC),,, ; 2 ; 3; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13, ( )10,, 6 (),,, ;,, ;,,, ;,, 4 5,,,, 131

144 , 73,,,,,,,,, 4 5 < 50t/ h 50100t/ h t/ h > 400t/ h,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.6 m, 4 6 m, 7 9 m,, 10m, 85 % 90 %,, 90 %,,,, ;,,, Q, ( 4 4 ) Q = hbv0kb ( t/ h) ( 4 4) : h ( m) ; B( m) ; v0 ( m/ h) ; (t/ m 3 ) ; kb, kb =

145 4 6 ( m ) ( mm ) ( kw ) ( m/ min) ( m 3 ) ( t) LLT LT U LT Y LT 6CA LT6CB L T L T Y G TL Y LT LT LZ L TL L T U L T U L T U L T U LT L LT LT T IT AN T IT AN LT Y

146 4 7 ( m ) ( cm ) ( m/ min ) ( k m/ h ) ( t) MF - 45 ( ) MF - 90 ( ) AF - 4S ( ) NF - 130V ( ) NF - 220V ( ) NF - 330V ( ) NF ( ) P F ( ) Blow P F ( ) knox P F - 35 ( ) ( ) P F - 65 ( ) Ba rber - Green e ( ) P F ( ) SA - 150( ) SA - 145( ) SA - 199( ) SA - 111( ) SA - 170( ) IOW A ( ) BS F ( ) BS F ( ) BS F ( ) T I T AN ( ) ABG T I T AN ( ) T I T AN ( ) T I T AN ( ) Super ( ) Super ( ) V ogele Super ( ) Super ( ) Super ( ) ,, : 1.,, 200t/ h, 100 t/ h,, 134

147 ,,, 2., 79m,, 10 12m,, 7 9m,, 3. : ;68t; :812t, 1215t ; :1220t, 2025t ; :26t, 614t ;,, : :12t; : 180kg, 3000 / min ; 4. 15t, 18 20t,, 20%, 45 5.,,, ( JTJ03294),,,,,,,,, SMA,,,,,,, 4.75mm 2.36mm 0.075mm () 135

148 ,,,,,,, 8% ( 4% 96% ),,, Superpave SMA,, 4%, ( JTJ03294 ),,,,,, SAC, AK, SMA,,,, ( JTJ03294 ), I,,,, II,,,,,, :,, 0.5%, ,,,,,,, ( JTJ03294 ), ,, 1/ 2, 2/ 3 1/ 3, 136

149 ( ) 4 8 ( mm ) ( % ) SAC SAC ( SAC) 3 SAC SAC SMA SMA ( SMA) SMA SMA SMA SMA P AC ( OG FC) 12 P AC P AC

150 ( ) 4 9 ( mm ) ( % ) SL H SL H ( SAC) 3 SL H SL H SMA SMA SMA ( SMA) 8 SMA SMA SMA P AC ( OG FC) 12 P AC P AC

151 , 48h ( 60) 30m in45m in m ax m ax 4 9 OAC1 OAC2 OAC 2.,,,,,,, ( JTJ03294 ), : (1 ), ( ) (2 ), 0.5%, 5,,, 6, : min mm1.3mm 139

152 (3 ), (4 ) 4 10,,,, 4 10 :, a 1 = 6.35 %, a 2 = 6.2 %, a 3 = 5.7 %, OAC 1 = 6.08 %, OCA min = 5.4 %, OAC max = %, OAC 2 = 5.90 %, OAC = 6.0 % (5 ) a1, a2 ( ) a3, ( 4 5 ) OAC1 OAC1 = ( a1 + a2 + a3 )/ 3 ( 4 5) (6 ) OACmin OACm a x, ( 4 6 ) OAC2 OAC2 = (OACmin + OACm a x )/ 2 ( 4 6) (7 ) OAC1,, OAC1 OAC2 OAC,,, (8 )OAC1 OAC2 OAC, : OAC1 OAC2 OAC; 140

153 ,, OAC2 OACmin, OAC2 0.5 % ;, OAC2 OACm ax, OAC2 0.3% ( JTJ032-94) ( kn ) I > 7.5 > 5.0 II > 5.0 > 4.0 ( 0.1 mm) I II ( ) ( % ) I II 36 4 ( 6) 10 > > 10 ( % ) I II I > 75 > 75 ( % ) II > 70 > 70 : 1kN; I 2 % 6 % ; 60,, ; ; ( VMA), 4 11, +, ,, 141

154 , 60 C 0.7MPa,, ( JTJ032-94),, 800 / mm,, 800 / mm, 1500 / mm,,,,,,,,,,, :, ; ; ;, ; 60 C,, 4.,, 48h,,,,,,, 35, (35 ),,,,,, 10,,,,,,, , 1.,, 142

155 , 2.,, 3.,,,,,,,, 4.,, 0.3% 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , : () 143

156 , ; ; ; ( ) ; ; : 40 20, ;, () 30, 40 ( 15,, 4, ) ; 5,,,,,,,,,, 45,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 2,,,,

157 :, 200t/ h,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35min,,,,,,,, 2.,, (1 ),, (2 ),,,, (3 ) 3060s, 5 s,, (4 ),

158 ( ) 4 12 AH - 50 AH - 70 AH - 90 A - 60 AH AH A A A A T - 8 T - 9 T - 5 T - 6 T , 5 10, 15 ( ) 8 ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , : ( JT J ) ; ;,, ; 3.,,,,,, ( 1h),, 146

159 1. (1 ):,, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ) :,, 3060s ( 5s), 2. (1 ), :, ( ),,,,,,,, :,,,,, 7%,,,,,,,, (2 ), 147

160 , 15cm,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, 3,, 250 t,, 6h,,, ( JTJ03294) ( mm ) ( mm ) % 2 % % 7 % % 8 % 0.3 % 0.5 %,,, ( JTJ03294 ),,, :,, (4 ), 4 14, 148

161 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 4 14 B B B B B B B B B B B A A A A ( ) A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B A A A A B B B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B C C C C C C C B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C B B B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A : A - ; B - ; C - 149

162 ,,,,, 15t( 1820t), n (4 7) : n = k( t1 + t2 + t3 )/ T ( 4 7) : t1 ( min ) ; t2 ( min) ; t3 ( min) ; T( min), T = 60 C/ G( min) ; C( t) ; G( t/ h) ; K,, K = , ( ), 45,,, 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 150

163 1.,, m,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 23, 68m, 10m, 610cm,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,, ,,, C 10 C, 9 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1m,, 151

164 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 2.,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0.1%,,, 152

165 ,,,, 1. 3, (1 ),,,, 90%,,,,,,, ;,,, 2 500mm 3000mm,,, ( mm) 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 500mm, ( mm ) 4000,4500, 5000,, 12.5m, 16m,,,,,,, 2500mm 3000mm;, 2500mm 3000mm,, 1250mm 1500mm 4750mm 5750mm,, 9m, 153

166 3mm,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, B n ( 4 8 ) : : B( m ) ; b( m ) ; n = ( B - x ) / ( b - x) ( 4 8) x ( m ), x = 2.58cm :, n,,, ( ),,,,, 30cm,, 10cm (2 ),, ( mm ),,,,, ;,,, 23mm, 35mm (3 ) 510cm,,,,,,,,,,, () 154,,,,

167 ,, mm,,,, 5m,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 10cm 30mm,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ) (5 ),, 030cm,, 1012cm (6 ) (),,, ( ), 412mm 155

168 ,,,,,,,,,,,, 5mm, 1, (7 ),,, : 10cm,, mm,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 38m,,,,, 212m/ min, 20 m/ min; m/ min,,,,,, 30 m/ min, 60 m/ min,,,,, (1 ) : V = 100 QC/ ( 60 bh ) ( 4 9) 156

169 : V( m/ min), Q( t/ h), b( m ), h( cm ) ( t/ m 3 ), = 2.35t/ m 3, C, 0.9 (2 ), 210m/ min,, 610m/ min,, 6m/ min,,,,, 1m, ,, 80,,,, 100 C,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 10min;,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 2., (), ( ) 157

170 ,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 80 % 90%,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, ( 3m/ min),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 2030cm,,,, 158

171 , ( ),,,,,,,,, 4.,, ( ),,,, (),, 515m ( 1075m, 15 30m ),,, m,,,,,,,,, 5., : ( ),,,,,,,,, 6. (),,,, (1 ),,, : 159

172 , 510cm 510m,,,, 15cm,,,,,,,,,, 510cm,,,,, 2cm (2cm ), (2 ),, :, 1m, 3m,,,,,, 1m,,,,,,, 1m,,,,,,, 10min( 30min),,, 5cm,,,,,, 1520cm,,, 3m,,,,,,,, 1520cm,, 160

173 ( ),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, L B 5,,,,,,,, (5 ) (),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 161

174 ,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( JTJ03294 ),,,, 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 510m,,,,,,, 12mm, ; 23mm,, 2mm, 200m N, m,,,, m, 10m N,,, :, 12km,,, N ;,, 162

175 (2 ),,,,,, 3040cm,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, : ( ), 78m,,,,, ( ),,,, (3 ) :,,,,,, : 4, ( ), ( ),,

176 , 4 13, 4 ( ), 2 3m,, 4050cm,, A 1/ 8,, 1/ 16, 2cm, 1 1.2mm, ,,, 65cm35cm,,, 1012 m,,,,, (610m),,,,,,,,, ;,, 23mm,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 0.2% 0.02 %, mm,,, (,,, ),,,, 10min,, 1015m, : ( ) 164

177 ,,,, 3.,, (6m ),,,,,,,,,,, 5m,, ;, ( 1m ),, 2m ( ) 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),, 2. : (),,,

178 200 ( 0.074mm ) 4 15, : (1 ),,, (2 ),,,, ( ),,,, 1/ 4 (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ),, 166

179 ,,,,, ;, mm (5 ),,,,, C,, ;,,,,, 0.074mm,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (6 ),,,,, (7 ) (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 167

180 , 23 ( ),, (8 ) ( MPa),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( JTJ03294 ),,,, ( JTJ03294),, 46,,,, 96%,, 1986, 44%, 38%, 12%, 6 % : 92 % ( 93 % ), 96%, 99 % 168

181 : Dma x Dms, Dd, K1 K2 K1 = K2/ (1 - V )K2 = K1 ( 1 - V ), VK1 = 96 % K2 = 92 % V = 4.17% ( % ) K 1 ( % ) K 2 ( % ) ( % ) % ( ) = % ( ) = % ( ) = % ( ) = % ( ) = / ( ) = / ( ) = / ( ) = / ( ) = / ( ) = , 4.17%, 96%, 92%,, 4.17%, 96 %, 92% 8 %, 96 %, 88.3%,, 92%, 100% 4%, 96 %,, 96 % 92% 96% 97% 98 %, 96% 97 %,,, Superpave,, 92%, 93 %,,,, ( ),,,, ( 25t),,,,,,,,, 169

182 2, Superpave 3, mm, 4cm, 2.5,, 3, 5cm 4cm 13mm,16mm, LH - 20,, 16mm 22.4mm, 19mm 56cm 26.5mm 1/ 2, 2/ 3,, AC - 30 AC - 25,, ( ),,,,,,, 90 %,,,,, 4 17, 3 13mm, 4cm, 16mm 4.5cm; AC - 20I, 6cm; AC - 25I, 8cm 18cm,, AC - 25I, 810cm, 4 17 ( AC.AK.AM.SMA ) ( mm ) ( mm ) (19 ) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( 38 ) : 22.4 mm, 19mm 16mm, 22.4 mm 16mm 95 % 100 %, 90 % 100 %, 16 mm 14 15mm 1., (1 ),,,, t,,, 170

183 ,,, t,,,, (2 ), 511,, 530 t,, ( ), (3 ), ( ) 2.,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, N/ cm 350N/ cm 33 55Hz, mm, ( 25300mm),, 6cm mm (26 t ),, ( 6cm), (0.61.0mm)(610 t), 10cm,,,, : 171

184 ,, 3., CC21 1 DD t 3 V V150 1 CC t 3 DD110 1, 4 19 :, : (15 C )4050 m; ( < 10 C)2040m; ( > 20 C )5080m; ( > 30 C)100m 4 19 ( m ) ( km/ h) 2Y8/ YL Y12/ Y8/ ,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,, 140 C,, 68t 610t ( ) 2km/ m 23, C, , 510, (),,,,,, 2.,,,, C ( 172

185 ) 16 t,,,, 6 3.,,, ( JTJ032-94) 70,,, 90,, 100, ( km/ h) ( k m/ h) ( km/ h ) / / ( k m/ h ) ( km/ h ) ( km/ h ) CC DD t 6 6 VV CC t 5 9 DD CC t 5 9 DD , 1/ 2,, 30cm,,, 20m,,,,,

186 4 15 :, ( ),,,,, 12t 5., :, ; (), ;,,, 1m, ;,,,,, ; ; ( ),,, 1.,,,, 1520cm,, 174

187 ,,, 20cm, 20cm,,, 2. (1 )( ),,,, ;, 1020cm,,,,,, (2 )( ) : 20 cm,,, 1.,, ( ) ( ),,,, 2., 3040cm(, 20cm ),,,, 10cm 3.,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,, 175

188 ,,,,,, ( ),,, 70 C,,,,,,,,,, ,, ( ) 4 22 ( ) B B B45 140, 90 C, ( JTJ032-94),,,,,,,,,, 4 15min (15 C/ min ),,,,, 25%, 50%,,, 2.,,,,,, ( 3050 m, 45m ), 2.5km/ h,,, 3.,,, 176

189 ,,, 4050Hz,,,,,, mm 4., 4 23, 4 23,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 2,,, 1 1,, 1000t,, 2,,

190 ,,,, ( ),, 2.500g/ cm 3, 4%, 2.400g/ cm 3 2%, g/ cm 3 96%, g/ cm 3, 10mm 0.6mm, 10cm 6mm cm 4 24 ( % ) ( mm) ,,,,,,,,,, ( % ) ( % ) I 3 % 6%, g/ cm g/ cm 3, 3% 6%, g/ cm g/ cm 3 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) , 7%,,, 2%, 7% 95%,,, ( ), 178

191 2., ( JTJ032-94),,,, 1 1,, 1000t,, 46,,,,,, AC - 25I,, ( ), ( mm ) ( % ) (35 ) ( 20) ( 6 ) (2.5) , 6 20% 36%, 10 %,,, 5,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 179

192 ,,,,, 6%, 7%, 92 % 96% 3.,,,,, 24h,,, 24 h,,,,,,,,, 35min,,,,, : 35min,?, I II,, 1min,,, 1min,,,, AC - 25 I, 5%,, 7%, 2%,,,, I II,, 180

193 -, 22km, : 4cmAK - 13A 5cmAC - 20I 7cmAC - 30I +, 1.,,,,,, (1 ) ( ) ( t/ m 3 ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( % ) Lvs( % ) S PV , ( D) ( h), h/ D,, 181

194 , h/ D,,, h/ D < 2, (2 ) : AH - 90, AH - 90, ( 25, 100g, 5s ) 1/ 10 mm ( 15 ), cm > 150 > 150 ( ) ( ), > 245 > 260 ( ), % , % ( 15 ), g/ cm % , 5h % ( 25) > 150 > 150 ( 15) 150 > 150 (3 ):, (4 ) : t/ h t/ h C R561 1 CC Y L DD DV - 8 ( ) L

195 : : 1 : 4 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 20 : 30 : 30,,,, ( JTJ ), 1. : AC - 30I : 1030 mm 1020mm 510mm 05mm 30 % 15% 25% 15% 10 % 5% ( % ) ( kn ) ( 1/ 10mm ) ( % ) ( % ) ( t/ m 3 ) ( % ) , 4.5%, 183

196 ,,,,,, 4.4% 2. (AC - 20I ) : : 1020mm 510mm 05mm : 41% 19% 20% 15% 5% ( mm) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( kn ) ( 1/ 10mm ) ( % ) ( % ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) %,,, 887 / mm, 3. (AK - 13A ) (1 ): : SFC54 Fb45( ) ; L ; 3m < 1.2mm; : 5.5 kn, 2040( 1/ 10mm), 3% 5%, 65% 75% ; : 75% ; : 800 / mm; : 98% ; : < 7 % ; : % - 0.2% ; : 0.7mm,,, 9,,, 184

197 (2 ) mm 510 mm 0 5 mm / (3 ) ( 4 36) 4 36 (mm ) (4 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) ( % ) ( mm) (5 ),,,, CC - 21,, 99.5%, 98.5 %,,,,, 954 / mm, 1.,,,, : (1 ),,,, 185

198 (2 ) ( ),, (3 ) ( ),,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 20% 30%, : A B 75% C 50% D 25%, : A 3535mm mm B 2222mm 3 722mm C 77mm 2 37mm D 33mm 1 03mm,,, 1 03mm :, = 1511, :, :,, 240t/ h,,,,,,,,,,

199 4 38 ( % ) ( % ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) ( kn) ,,,,,,,,, 25%, 1,,, 0.075mm 0.075mm 50 % 70 % 3.,,, ,,,,,,,, 2cm, 5cm,,,,, 2m/ min 3m/ min, 4m/ min,,,, 100,,, 6m,,,,, kg/ m 2, :,,,,,,, CC - 21,, 5, 7%,,,, (1) :, CC - 21, 2 km/ h, :, CC - 21,, 4km/ h, :, CC , 3km/ h, 187

200 80 (2 ) : 98%,, DV - 8, : , CC , 2km/ h :, , DD , 4km/ h, 4, 4km/ h, DV : CC ,, 3km/ h, 80 6.,,,,, 1.,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, 21, % ,, ( JTJ03294),, , : g/ m 3, 1.34 %, 30% 188

201 ,,,, 4.,, :, I II,,,,,,, 5,,,, 3, 5/ 650, 5 SMA SMA, SMA,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SBS,,, 189

202 , SMA SMA, : 1.,, ,,,,, 2., SMA ( AC) SMA,,, SMA 5mm 75%, 10%, 15% 5mm,,,,,, ( ),, SMA - 16 AC - 25I 4 40, 1020mm 510mm 2,,, AC - 25I, 4, SMA - 16, 4, ,, 4 SMA - 13 SMA - 10, 510mm,, SMA 16mm,,,, SMA,,, SMA,,, ( ) 4 40 AC - 25 I S MA SMA, 190

203 SMA mm : 510mm ,, 8 %,,,,,,,,, 4. SMA 2,,,, 5., SMA,,,,,, 11.5h,,,,, 4%,,,,,,,,,,, SMA AC / 3 NBD - 120A - U AC t/ h, SMA 80t/ h,,, 0.075mm 8 % 10 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6. SMA,, SMA,,,,,,,,,,,, 510s,,,,,, SMA,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Interfibe, 191

204 ,,, 7. SMA,, SMA,,, SMA,,,,, SMA,,,,,, SBS, , 200,,,,,, SMA, ( HMA),, ( JTJ03698), SMA,,, 4 41 SMA SMA ( ) 4 41 SBS SBR E VA PE SMA ( ) , 1353 Pas,,,,,,,, 192

205 ( JTJ ) T0702, 135,, ASTM D1559, mm 2 / s, 28030mm 2 / s, 8510s, 14015s SHRP Superpave, Brookfield ,, 1Pas = 1 000mm 2 / s, Pas, Pas Superpave,, 170, ( AI) 177,,, 175 Superpave , , 93( ),,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ,,,, 200, SMA,,,, 24h SMA,, 100 SMA 10 SMA, 165, 170, 205, ,,, ( ) SMA,,,,, 193

206 , SMA,,, ABG, 1.05,,,, SMA,,,, 34m/ min, 12m/ min,,, ;,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, SMA,,,,,,,,,,, SMA,,,,,, mm (3m ),,,,, SMA,, BLAW - KNOX, 16.7m, 212 ( ),, 4 8,,,, 0.6mm (3m ) SMA,,,, SMA 194

207 ,,, 130 SMA,,, (1 ) SMA,,,, ( ),,, SMA,,,,,, SMA,, SMA, SMA, SMA,,,, (2 ) SMA,, SMA,, 10t 12, 34, 23, (3 ) SMA, 70%,,, 85%,,,,, SMA, SMA, 180, 30, SMA,,, SMA SMA :,, 180,,,,, 45 km/ h, SMA,,,, SMA SMA CC21 CC25 DYNAPAC INGERSOLL RAND, INGERSOLLRAND,,, SMA SMA,,,, : 195

208 (),,,,, 20t,,, 5km/ h,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20m,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. SMA ( JTJ036-98), SMA, ( JTJ ), SMA,, 200m,,,,,,,,, ( JTJ ), 196

209 , 4 43,,,,,, 4 43 SBS SBR E VA PE 1 2 / 1 2 / / SBR, SBR,,,,, 100,,,,,,,, SBS P E, 110m,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. SMA SMA,, : 197

210 (1 ),, (2 ),,, SMA, % 4 44 ( ) SMA ( ) ( mm) ( % ) ( mm ) ( % ) (3 ) ( ),,,, 0.3 % (4 ) SMA,, VMA VCA VFA, SMA,,,,,,,,, SMA,, 3. SMA SMA,, (1 ), ( P E),, P E,, 5% PE, PE 5%, 95%, 5% 95% = 4.75% (2 )SMA, VMA VCA VFA,,,,, (3 ),,,, SMA 198

211 ,, (4 ), 96%,, 4 %, 92%, SMA, 94 %, 6%, 98 %, SMA 2%,,, ( ), ;, ;,,,, ;,,,, SMA, SMA,,, SMA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SMA (5 ), SMA,, SMA, ( J TJ ),,,, SMA,, SMA,,,, SMA 4. SMA SMA,, : (1 ) SMA,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SMA, 199

212 ,,, SMA, SMA,, SMA,,, mm (), (2 )SMA, SMA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ), 130,,, (4 ) SMA,,,,,,, 200

213 , 3 cm,,,,, : ; ; : : 1.5t, :, :, ;,, :,,, :,,, :,, ;,

214 ,,, (ALD) ALD 5 2 :, 50% 200 ALD ( A LD), ALD,,,, ALD,,, ALD (5 1), 5 3, ALD, ALD AB 5 1 / >

215 5 3 1.,,,,,,,,,,, 203

216 ,,, ;,, 20%,,, S12 ( 5 10mm), S14 ( 3 5mm ), 1000m 2 23m 3, 2., :, , 15% 20%,,, ( ), 10% 20%, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 68t 810t,,,, 204

217 ( ) 5 2 (cm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( kg/ m 2 ) 1.0 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S12 S : 15 % 20 % ; 2 3m 3 / 1000 m %, 5 % 10 % 205

218 ( ) 5 3 (cm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( kg/ m 2 ) 1.0 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S13 ( S14 ) S S S13 ( S14 ) S S S S8 ( S9 ) 2022 S10 ( S10) 911 S12 S : 15 % 20 % ; 2 3m 3 / 1000 m %, 5 % 10 % 206

219 ,, 2.,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, 3., 5 4,, cm ;,, cm;,, cm,,, 5 5 ( ) 5 5,, : (1 ),,,,, (2 ),, : 207

220 , , 80120,,, 60,,,,,,,,,,, 11.5m, 1015cm,,, (3 ),, :,,,,,,,,, 1015cm, (4 ) :, 6 8t, 30cm,,,, 3 4 2km/ h,, 810t, S12( 510 mm ), S14 (35mm ), m 3 / 1000m 2, ( 20km/ h ),,,,,, 20km/ h, 208

221 (5 ),,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,, ),, 23cm,,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,, 209

222 1., , 5 8, 50%, 1000m 2 23 m 3, ( ) 5 4 ( : : m 3 / 1000m 2,: kg/ m 2 ) (cm ) S14 35 S S13 ( S14 ) S12 67 S11( S10) S11 ( S10 ) S10 ( S9 ) 1214 S S8 ( S6 ) S S S3 ( S2 ) (cm ) S13 ( S14) 4 6 S13 ( S14 ) 46 S14 46 S S S14 56 S S10 ( S11) S10 ( S11 ) 1113 S12 78 S S6 ( S8 ) S6 ( S8 ) 2022 S S S S1 ( S2 ) S S : 15 % 20 % ;, 60 % ;, 5 % 10 % 210

223 ( : : m 3 / 1000m 2,: kg/ m 2 ) ( ) 5 5 (cm ) S14 35 S S13 ( S14 ) S12 67 S S11 ( S10 ) S S S S S S4 ( S3 ) (cm ) S13 ( S14) 4 6 S13 ( S14 ) 46 S14 46 S S S14 56 S S10 ( S11) S10 ( S11 ) 1113 S12 78 S S8 ( S9 ) S9 ( S8 ) 2022 S S S S S S : 15 % 20 % ;, 60 % ;, 5 % 10 % 211

224 ( : : m 3 / 1000m 2,: kg/ m 2 ) ( ) 5 6 (cm ) S12 56 S12( S11) 7 9 S12 ( S11 ) S10 ( S9 ) 1214 S S8 ( S7 ) S S S3 ( S2 ) (cm ) S S S S10 ( S11 ) 810 S S S6 ( S8) 1820 S S S2 ( S3) 8090 S S : 15 % 20 % ;, 60 % ;, 5 % 10 % ; ( ) ( ) 212

225 ( : : m 3 / 1000m 2,: kg/ m 2 ) ( ) 5 7 (cm ) S12 56 S12( S11) 7 9 S12 ( S11 ) S10 ( S11 ) 1214 S S S S S (cm ) S S S S10 ( S11 ) 810 S S S9 ( S8) 1820 S S8 ( S9 ) S4 ( S3) 8090 S S : 15 % 20 % ;, 60 % ;, 5 % 10 % ; ( ) ( ) 213

226 , , , , , 15% 20%,,,,,, 1., 68t 1012t, 2.,, 5cm, 3., 15, :, , 214

227 , 68t, 2km/ h, 30cm,,,,, 1012t ( 1215t ), 1/ 2, 46,,,,,,,,, 60,,,,, 812t, 1/ 2, 46,,,,,,, 68t 24,,,,,,, 23m 3 / 1000m 2,,, : 4cm,,, 5cm,,, ( < 5cm) cm,, 215

228 , 6cm,, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3. (),,,,, 4. ( ) :, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,, 216

229 , 1.,,,,,, : 6 3 ( 15 25, 50 % 80 % ), 24h, 20 ; h, 24h, 60, 50,, 25,,, 25,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,, 110, , h, 95 %, ,,,,,,, 5 9, 217

230 ,,,,,,,, 4.5% 7.5%, 8% 16%,, 2.,, 25mm : (1 ),,,, (2 ) ,, mm (), 1 : ;,,,, 3 (1100g1200g ),, ( ),, (63.5mm1.3mm ), ( 5 1 ): 218

231 : G (g ) ; G' (g ) ; H (cm) (3 ) G = 6.35 G H ( 5 1),,,, 1%, (5 2) : : P( % ) ; P = 0.06 A B C ( 5 2) A2.5mm ( % ) ; B mm ( % ) ; C0.074mm ( % ),, 1% 35, 6,,,, ( ),,, 1min, 1min,, 3 24h; h, 24h (4 ), ( ),,,,,,,, ( 5 3 ) : W : W ( g/ cm 3 ) ; S (g/ cm 3 ) ; = S C ( 5 3) C, 1.02 ; 1.03, min ; min (5 ) 219

232 (5 10 ), ,,,, 1% 1.5% kn (1/ 10 ) mm % % ( ) g/ cm , 20 1 ;, 60 1 ( ) g/ cm , 220

233 15% 20%, ( ) 3,,, 1. 3cm 4cm5cm, 5cm7cm (1 ) 3,, 1000 / d ( mm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( mm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( mm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( 0.5 cm ) ( 1.0 cm ) ( 3.0 cm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( 0.5 cm ) PC ( 1.0 cm ) PC PC ( 3.0 cm ) PC PC PC : ; ;, a) : ( )PC3 b) :,, c) :,, 221

234 (2 ), ( ),, / d, / d, :,,, 5, 4, (3 ), : PC2,,,, 11.2kg/ m 2, ;,, PC3, kg/ m 2,,, (),,,, 68t,, 1012t, 5 10 ( cm ) ( mm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC : ; ; ;,, 222

235 5 11 ( cm ) ( mm ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) ( m 3 / 1000 m 2 ) PC PC PC PC PC PC PC : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3m,, ( 5 4 ) : = W M ( 5 4) :( m/ min) ; W ( kg/ min) ; M( m) ; ( kg/ m 2 ), ( 5 5 ) L = Q M ( 5 5) : L( m) ; Q ( kg) ; M( m) ; ( kg/ m 2 ), ( 5 6 ) = P P ( 5 6) 223

236 : ( kg / m 2 ) ; ( kg / m 2 ) ; P ( % ) ; P ( % ),,,,,,,,,,, 60,,, 68t,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 20 km/ h),,, 2., ( ),, / d (1 ) : BC - 1 BC - 2 ; PC - 2 ; PC - 3 ; PC - 1 : : RL I R L II RL - 10 RL ( mm ) ( % ) : RL,, I, I I 224

237 (2 ) (3 ),,, : a),,,, b),,, 30s( ) ; 60s, c),,, 3 % 5%,,, (15 ),,,, : (i), BC - 1 BC - 2, (ii) 1% 3% ( ) (iii)0.1 % 0.2% OP % 0.3% NOT,,, 25,, ; 30,,,,,,,, 225

238 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 24cm,, 20, 37d,,,,, ,,,, : Q( t) ; : L = Q m HB m ( t/ m 3 ) ; H( m ) ; B( m ) ( 5 7),,, a),, 6t 12,,,, b), c),, 1020t,,, 12 4cm, d),, (25) e),,,,,,,,,,,, PC1, kg/ cm 2, 35mm (), 68t,, ( 20km/ h ), ,,,

239 3., ( ), ( ),,,, :,,,,, 5 ( 10) 15mm,,,,,,,,,, PC2, kg/ m 2, 227

240 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ( ) < 1500 L 1500 L3000 L 3000 L10000L > L 7.5 m, L, 30L/ min, 400 L600 L,, 30L/ min,, 1500 L,, 228

241 , : 1. ( ) 2., ( ),, 3. (300500kPa),, 4.,,,, :,, ,,,, (, ),,,,,,,, ( 2530 ), 25cm,,,,,,, 1015cm, 2030cm, 5 10m,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;, ;, ; 229

242 , U ( ) ; () ;,,, ; MPa ;,, ; 7 m, ; 1.,,,, ; ;,,,, 2.,,,,,, 10m 15m,,, ;,,,,,, 6 2 ( ) 230

243 6 2 ( L/ m 2 ) ( L/ m 2 ) ( L/ m 2 ) PC - 2 PA AL ( M) AL ( S) T - 1 T PC - 2 PA AL ( M) AL ( S) T - 1 T (1 ) :,,,, 23 ( ),,, ;,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 10,,, ; 231

244 ,,, (2 ) :,, 24m 3 / 1000m 2,,,, 10% S13 S14, 0.6mm 5% S , S S13 S ( mm ) (, mm ) ( % ) S S cm,,, (3 ), 68t 12,,,,,,, 24h (4 ), 7, 12h, 5km/ h,,, (7, ),,,,,,,

245 6 4 ( L/ m 2 ) ( L/ m 2 ) ( L/ m 2 ) PC - 3 P A AL ( R) A L ( M ) T - 3 T - 4 T PC - 3 P A AL ( R) A L ( M ) T - 3 T - 4 T : 6 2,,, 10,,,, AH - 90 AH AH AH AH A A A A A A PC - 3 PA - 3 BC - 3 BA - 3 PC - 2 PA - 2 BC - 2 BA - 2 T - 5T - 6 T - 7 T - 4T - 5 A L ( M ) - 5 A L ( M ) - 6 A L ( S) - 5 A L ( S)

246 (cm ) ( m 3 / 1000m 2 ) ( kg / m 2 ) S S S S S12 79 S S13 58 S S S S S , ( AC - 5), 1.0cm,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),, , ,,,, 60,,,,,,, m,, 1015cm (3 ) (), (, 234

247 ),,,, 1015cm,,,,, (4 ) (), 68t, 30cm, 34 2 km/ h, (5 ),, 20km/ h,, (, ),,,, 2. :, 15,,,,,,,,,,, mm, 36mm,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 235

248 , 56h,,,,, 15min, 4590min ( JTJ03294) ( mm ) ES - 1 ES - 2 ES ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( mm ) ( kg / m 2 ) > 8 :, ; ES - 1, ES - 2, ES - 3, 800g/ m 2 ; 600g/ m 2, 23cm 1.,,,,,,,, 65%,,,, ,,, 3.,, : (1 ), ; (2 ), 236

249 57%, (3 ),, 10% (4 ),,,, (5 ),,,, (6 ), (SBS EVA PE ) 4.,,,,,,,,, mm,,,, 1% 6., : ; ;, ;,, ,,, ( s) > 120 ( mm ) 89 + ( 2030) ( WTAT ) ( g/ m 2 ) < 800 ( LWT ) (g/ m 2 ) < 600 CT ( Nm ) :,, 30 min, 60 min : 1 h 538g/ m 2, 6 d 807g/ m 2 237

250 BC3 6 4 (1 ): ; (2 ) : ; (3 ) :, ; (4 ) :, ; (5 ):, 2. :, : (1 ) : 6 9 (2 ) : 325,,,, 1 %, 45min 238

251 ( ) 6 9 ( mm ) ( % ) (3 ) : 100, ( 25, 100g,5 s) ( 0.1 mm ) ( 25, 5cm/ min ) ( cm) ( ) ( ) (4 ) : MQK, MQ K ( ): : 60% : 40% :1 % ( ) (5 ) : MQK, ( JTJ03294), % % % % 5d % min / 3 BC - 3 (6 ): CaCl2,, = , (7 ) : = g/ m 2 ; 30min 164Ncm; 60min 253Ncm; ISSA, 30min 120Ncm 60min 200N cm,

252 2. (1 ) (2 )10 (3 ), (4 ),, BC3 (5 ),,,,, (6 ),,, 6 5,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ;, (7 ),, (8 ),, (9 ),, (10) :, 3.,,,,,,,,,, 2/ 3 240

253 , km/ h, 1/ 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35m 4.,, :,, 5.,,,,, 241

254 , ( )(),,, 20%, 10 % 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, Superpave,, 0.4 % 0.8%, 1.6%,, 1%, 10% 12% 10%, 2%,,,,,,,,,, 242

255 ,,,, 50%,, 25%,, 1,,, 0.075mm,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 4 kg,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 7 1, t 8 10t, 6 8t 8 10t 1012t 243

256 ( ) 6 8t 8 12t 1215t 1220t 2025t 2 6t 6 14t ( ) 6 8t 1215t 1012t 1215t 10 12t, 7 2 ( ), 3., ():,,, 244

257 ,,, 4.,, m,,,,, 1.,, (), 7 3, 7 3 ( ) < 0.075mm 100 t 1 100t 1 100t 1 100t 1 50t 1 100t 1 50t 1 100t 1 50t 1 100t 1 :, ;,, 245

258 ,,,,,, 0.5%, 0.3%,, ,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1km, (, ),,,,, : (1 ) ( ),,, (2 ),,, ( ) ( ), (3 ) ( 7 1 ),,, ( 7 2),, 246

259 7 4 ( ),, 1 2 / 1 2 / 1, 3 m 1 / 1 / : ( ) 0.075m m 2.36mm 4.75mm 12 / 2 % 6 % 7 % 2 % 7 % 8 % ( ) 12 / 0.3 % 0.5 % :, ;,, mm 2.36 mm 4.75 mm 5 : 9.5 mm, 13.2 mm, ( ) 12 / 2000m 2 1, %, 96 %, 99 % 99 % ( ) ( ) 1 / ( ) :, 247

260 7 5 ( ) ( ) 2000m 2-5mm 10 mm 30mm 0.5 % ( ) 3 m ( ) 2000m 2-8 % - 5mm 8 mm 30mm 0.5 % 3 m 2000m m 2-8 mm - 4 mm - 8 % - 5mm - 4mm, ( ) 3 mm 5 mm 5 mm 7 mm 3m 2 cm 2cm 15 mm 20mm 0.3 % 0.5 % : ;, > 60 mm, ; 60 mm, 248

261 (4 ) 7 1 X CL, UCL LCL,, ( 7 1 ) (7 6) : X : CL = X (7 1 ) UCL= X + A2 R (7 2 ) LCL= X - A2 R (7 3 ) R : CL = R (7 4 ) UCL= D4 R (7 5 ) 7 1 LCL= D3 R ( 7 6) : CLX - R ; UCLX - R ; LCLX - R ; X X ; R R ; A2, D3, D4, d 2 d 3 A 2 D 4 D d 2 3 n d 3 / d d 3 / d 2 (5 ) ,, (6 ) ,,, (7 ),,,, 249

262 7 2 a) ; b),,, 1. (1 ),, (2),,, 2. (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), 34, 2km/ h, ( ) ( ),,, ,

263 7 7 68t t t 2 4, 1. (1 )3050s, 5s (2 ),, (3 ), 72h (4 ) 2. (1 ), 15 t, 20t (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 3. (1 ) :,, (2 )4 12,, ( JTJ032-94),,,, 80, 90 (3 ) : 10 5 (4 ),

264 (5 ), 26m/ min, : : v, m / min; v = D, kg / m 3 ; Q, kg / h; W, m; T, cm ; 100 Q 60 DW T C ( 7 7) C,, (6 ), 4. :, t 6 10t ( ) t 12 15t 20 25t 4 6, 6 8t 6 10t ( ) 2 4, 7 10 ( km/ h ) 7 10 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) 45 ( ) 4 5 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 5 ( ) 252

265 , 1/ 31/ 2,,, 3550Hz, mm, 1020cm,,, 4 12,,,, 1015m, 1 m, ;,,, 50 C,,,,,, 1. ;, 2., 30 s, 60s ; 3.,,,, t 812t

266 12 15t 10 12t 12 15t 10 12t , 68t 812t 24 24,, ( TRRL),,,,,, 80kg/ h,,,,,,,,, 1mm XLPY,, 2060km/ h,, % : ; (, ) ;,, : ( BM ),,,,, 254

267 13km/ h,,,, ( 3. 6m 5.4m 7.2m ),, ( FWD),, FWD,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 100km/ h ),,,,,,,,, 255

268 , 13km, ,,,,, 8 1 ( ), 200 m m 1 1km 10, 10 1km 20 1km 20-5 mm - 10 mm 4.5 mm 10mm 3 cm 3m 3m 1km mm 1km % 1km % 1km 1 5 %, 200 m m 1-5 mm - 8 % - 15 mm 1km 10, mm 8mm 3m 3m 1km 20 1km 20 1km 20 1km 20 3 cm 20 mm 0.5 % 1km % 1km % : 6cm,, 6cm, ; 256,

269 8 2 ( ) 1km 5 1km 5-8mm - 15 mm - 5mm - 8 % - 10 mm - 15 % 1km 5-4mm 1km 5-10 %, 1k m 10, 1.8mm 10 1km 20 1km 20 1km 20 1km 20 1km 1 1km 1 2cm 15 cm 0.3 % 0.3 % 2.5mm 5mm 3cm 3m 3m 20mm 0.5 % 0.5 % 1km 5 95 % ( 98 % ) 94 % ( 98 % ) 20m 1 5m 1 1km 5 ( ) 1km 5 :, ;, 6cm,, 6 cm, ;,, ;,, ;, ;, : (1 ), (2 ) ( ),,,, (3 ) , (4 ), 8 3 (5 ), 100m 257

270 , 8 4 (6 ), mm 100 m 1 ( ) 5mm 7mm 200 m 2, 10 3 m - 2cm 200 m % 100 m m mm ( ) ( ) 1.8 mm 2.5 mm 3 m 3 mm 5mm 3 m 100m m 2 96 % 100m % 100m mm mm 100 m 2 20m 3 mm 100 m 5 3 mm 100 m 5 10mm 100 m 5 25M Pa 1km 1 95 % 1km 1 ( ),,,, ,, 258

271 ,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2.,,, 13km 3.,, 259

272 , ( 10 km ( 13 km ) ) : ( JTJ ) A, 2 ;, 1, 100,, 1.,, 100,, (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),, (), ( % ) = () () 100 = (8 1) (8 2), C D E (3 ),,, (4 ),,, : 260

273 ,,,,,,,, ( ), 1 2, : = [ ] ( 8 3) 3. = [ ] ( 8 4), ( % ) = 100 (8 5), ; ; 70,,,, 2., 85,, ;, 85, 85,, ;, 3., 85,, ;, 85, 85,, ;, 261

274 4. () (), ( ) (), ; (), 80%, ( ) 85, ;, ( ) () (), :,, ( ),,,,,,, () 8 7 ( ) ( % ) 95( 98 ) 94( 98 ) C, 200m ( mm ) IRI ( m/ km ) h( mm ) : 100m IRI 3m : 200m (0.01 mm) E : 200m 1, 4 : : 200 m

275 : - 5 > 60 5 ( mm ) : - 8 % H 60 D 200m > % H 6 ( mm ) 20 : 200 m ( mm ) : 200 m ( mm ) : 200 m ( % ) : 200m :, 60mm, - 5mm - 10mm ; > 60mm, - 8 % - 15 % H,, :,,, (, 0.2m, ) 0.03%, 0.05 % 0.03% 0.05 % 2,, 10m 1,,, 12 ( ) ( ), 263

276 :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 8 8 ( ) 8 8 ( mm ) 3.5 : 100 m 1 IRI ( m/ km ) h ( mm) 5.8 IRI 8 3 m : 200 m ( 0.01 mm ) E 20 3 ( mm ) - 8 % H - 5 mm - 15 % H - 10 mm D 200m ( kg/ m 2 ) 10 % ( T0982 ) ( mm ) 30 : 200m ( mm) 15 : 200m ( mm ) 30 : 200 m ( % ) 0.5 : 200m 4 5 : 6cm, ; < 6 cm, H ( mm ) ( JTJ ) ( T0982 ),, ( ) : ( ),, 0.2% 0.2% 2, 12,,

277 , :,,,,,,, ( mm ) IRI ( m/ km ) h ( mm ) 4.5 : 100 m 7.5 IRI 10 3 m : 200 m ( 0.01 mm ) E 20 3 ( mm ) D 200m ( kg/ m 2 ) 10 % ( T0982 ) ( mm ) 30 : 200m ( mm) 15 : 200m ( mm ) 30 : 200 m ( % ) 0.5 : 200m 4 5 : ( JTJ ) ( T 0982 ),,, 265

278 ,, 0.2% 0.2% 2, 12,,

279 A 1. p ( j), pi( j ) ( xi ) : i, i = 1, 2,, k; j, j = 1, 2,, n : Pi( j ) xi = P( j ) p 1 ( 1 ) x1 + p 2 ( 1 ) x2 + + p k ( 1 ) xk = P ( 1 ) p 1 ( 2 ) x1 + p 2 ( 2 ) x2 + + p k ( 2 ) x k = P( 2 ) (Gauss): p 1 ( n) x1 + p 2 ( n ) x2 + + p k ( n ) xk = P ( n ) (P1 ( j ) P1 ( j) ) x1 + ( P1 ( j ) P2 ( j) ) x2 + + (P1 ( j) Pk ( j) ) xk = P1 ( j ) P( j) (P2 ( j ) P1 ( j) ) x1 + ( P2 ( j ) P2 ( j) ) x2 + + (P2 ( j) Pk ( j) ) xk = P2 ( j ) P( j) (Pk( j ) P1 ( j) ) x1 + (Pk( j ) P2 ( j ) ) x2 + + ( Pk ( j ) Pk ( j) ) xk = Pk ( j) P( j) x1, x2,, xk 2., C, TU RBO C2.0 : # include math.h void gjswap(float s1, float s2) {float temp; temp = ( s1) ; ( s1 ) = ( s2 ) ; ( s2 ) = temp; } void guassjordan (float coefary, float constary, int numcol, float solcoef, float invary, float det) { int pivlst[50] [2 ] ; char pivchk[ 50 ] ; int i, j, k, l, lerow, lecol, ll; float piv, t, leval; ( det) = 1; 267

280 for(i = 0; i < = numcol - 1; + + i) { pivchk[ i] = 0 ; for(j = 0; j < = numcol - 1; + + j) { invary[i numcol + j] = coefary[i numcol + j] ; } } for(i = 0; i < = numcol - 1; + + i) {leval = 0.0; for(j = 0; j < = numcol - 1; + + j) {if(! ( pivchk [j] ) ) { for( k = 0; k < = numcol - 1 ; + + k) { if(! ( pivchk[ k ] ) ){ if(fabs (invary[j numcol + k] ) > leval){ lerow = j; lecol = k ; leval = fabs(invary[j numcol + k] ) ; } } } } } pivchk[ lecol] = 1 ; pivlst[i] [0 ] = lerow ; pivlst[i] [1 ] = lecol; if(lerow! = lecol){ ( det) = - ( det) ; for(l = 0; l < = numcol - 1; + + l){ gjswap( & invary[lerow numcol + l], & invary[lecol numcol + l] ) ; } gjswap( & constary[lerow], & constary[lecol] ) ; } piv = invary [lecol numcol + lecol] ; ( det) = ( det) piv; if( ( det) > 1.0e + 20 ){ ( det) = 1.0e + 30 ; } invary[lecol numcol + lecol] = 1.0; for(l = 0; l < = numcol - 1; + + l) { invary[lecol numcol + l] = invary[lecol numcol + l]/ piv; 268

281 } constary[lecol] = constary[lecol]/ piv; for(ll = 0 ; ll < = numcol - 1; + + ll){ if(ll! = lecol){ t = invary[ll numcol + lecol] ; invary[ll numcol + lecol] = 0.0; for(l = 0; l < = numcol - 1; + + l) { invary[ll numcol + l] = invary [ll numcol + l] - invary[lecol numcol + l] t; } constary[ll] = constary[ll] - constary[lecol] t; } }} for(i = 0; i < = numcol - 1; + + i) { l = numcol - i - 1; if( pivlst[l] [ 0]! = pivlst[l] [1 ] ) { lerow = pivlst[l] [ 0] ; lecol = pivlst[l] [1 ] ; for( k = 0; k < = numcol - 1 ; + + k) { gjswap( &invary [ k numcol + lerow], &invary [ k numcol + lecol] ) ; } } } for(i = 0; i < = numcol - 1; + + i) { solcoef[i] = constary[i] ; } } void matmath (int n, int m, float p[10] [20], float r[20], float x[ 10 ] [ 10 ], float y[ 10 ] ) { float bp[ 10 ] [ 20 ] ; int i, j, k; for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ for(j = 0; j < n; j + + ){ bp[i] [j] = p[i] [j] p [i] [ j] ; }} for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ for(j = 0; j < n; j + + ){ x[i] [j] = 0.0; }} for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ for(j = 0; j < n; j + + ){ x[i] [i] = x[i] [i] + bp[i] [j] ;}} 269

282 for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ for(j = i + 1 ; j < m; j + + ) { for( k = 0; k < n; k + + ){ x[ i] [j] = x[i] [j] + p[i] [ k ] p[j] [ k] ; x[ j] [i] = x[i] [j] ;}}} for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ y[i] = 0.0; } for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ for(j = 0; j < n; j + + ){ y[i] = y[i] + p[i] [j] r[j] ;}} } # include stdio.h main ( ) {FILE fp; int i, j; int n, m; float a[ 10 ] [ 20 ], shai[20], b[10], p[10] [20], x[10] [10], y[10], z[ 10 ], x1 [100 ] ; float inv[10] [10], matdet, c[ 20 ] ; fp = fopen ( in1.dat, r ) ; fscanf(fp, %d % d, & n, & m) ; for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ) {fscanf( fp, % f, & shai[i] ) ; } for(i = 0; i < n; i + + ) for(j = 0; j < m; j + + ) {fscanf( fp, % f, &a[ i] [j] ) ; } for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ) {fscanf( fp, % f, &b [i] ) ;} matmath( m, n, a, b, x, y) ; for(i = 0; i < n; i + + ){ for(j = 0 ; j < n; j + + ) { x1[i n + j] = x [i] [ j] ; }} guassjordan( x1, y, n, z, inv, & matdet) ; fclose( fp) ; fp = fopen ( out.dat, w ) ; 270 fprintf(fp, \ n ) ; for (i = 0 ; i < n; i + + ) { fprintf(fp, %d # = %7.4f %, i + 1, y [i] 100 ) ; }

283 fprintf(fp, \ n ) ; fprintf(fp, \ n ) ; for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ fprintf(fp, %5.2f, shai[i] ) ;} fprintf(fp,\ n ) ; fprintf(fp, \ n ) ; for(i = 0; i < m; i + + ){ fprintf(fp, %5.2f, b[i] ) ; } fprintf(fp,\ n ) ; fprintf(fp, \ n ) ; for(j = 0; j < m; j + + ){ c[j] = 0.0; for(i = 0; i < n; i + + ) } {c[j] = c[j] + y[i] a[i] [j] ;}} for(j = 0; j < m; j + + ){ fprintf(fp, %5.2f, c[j] ) ; } 3., n = 0.40, A 1 4 ( mm ) A ( % ) (in1.dat) : (: out.dat) : 271

284 # = % 2 # = % 3 # = % 4 # = %

285 B SMA, 78, 810,, AC - 20, ( 0.3% ) 78 : 810 : 3 : No.1 78 :810 : M F = 84: 6: 10 N : 810 : MF = 80: 10: 10 No.3 78 :810 : M F = 76: 14: 10 3 B 1, 4.75mm 22%, 25 %,28% 3 Gs 3 Gsb B 1 ( mm ) MF No.1 No.2 No G s G sb AASHTO T 19 3 VCAD RC, B 2 VCADRC B 2 VCA DRC ( % ) ( kg/ m 3 ) No No No ,,,, 3, VMA VCA 6.3%,, 1 AASHTO T

286 Gm m, V a VMA VCA, B 3 SMA B 3 G mb G mm V a ( % ) V MA( % ) VCA( % ) No No No B 3, 3, VCA VCAD RA,, No.1 VMA 17%, No.1 Va 2.1 %, 3% 4%,,, Va, 6.3% 2.1%,, 3% 4%, 5.9% 5.5%, B 4 SMA B 4 ( % ) G mb G mm V a ( % ) V MA( % ) VCA( % ) , B 1 5.9%, 5.9%, 2.84, 2.75, VMA 17%, OAC 5.9% B 1 274

287 No.1 5.9%, AASHTO T 283, 8, 5% 7%, 6% 1 % ;, TSR 94.4 %, 70% 152, 15, % 0.06 % 0.09%, 0.30% AASHTO TP 5 TP 1, (DSR ) ( BBR), B 5, SHRP PR SHRP B 5 ( ) DSR, G / sin kpa > 5k Pa R TFO T DSR, G / sin kPa > 11k Pa PAV BBR, M Pa < 1500MPa 275

288 C ( GB ) F ( JTJ ) B 13km,, Ki ( C - 1) : Ki = 100% ( C 1) 0 : K i, % ; :, g/ cm 3 ; 0, g / cm 3 ( C - 2) ( C - 3 ) ( C - 4 ) K0 = K 1 + K2 + K3 + + Kn N ( C 2) S = Cv = ( K1 - K0 ) 2 + ( K2 - K0 ) ( Kn - K0 ) 2 N - 1 S K0 ( C 3) ( C 4) : K0, % ; S, % ; CV, % ; K1, K2,, Kn, % ; N, N - 1 ( ) ( C 5) : ta s K = K0 - ( C 5) N : K, % ; tat ( ), C 1 : KK0 1, ;KK0, 1, K < K0,, 276

289 t a / N C 1 N ( 95 % ) ( 90 % ) N ( 95 % ) ( 90 % ) :, 95 % ;, 90 % 1 1,, ( 46 ),,,,,,

290 D ( JTJ07198 ) H,,,, : X L = X - ta : XL ( ) ; X; S ; n; S n (D 1) tat ( a), C 1 95% 90%, ;,, 23, 278

291 E ( J TJ07198 ) I ( 1 km ) 80100,,, : lr = l + Za S ( E 1) : lr ; l; S ; Za, ( JTJ01497 ), : Z a , l( 23) S,,,,,, 5cm, 20 2,, ; 279

292 F F 1 ( ) F 2 ( ) 280

293 F 3 ( ) F 4 ( ) 281

294 F 5 ( ) F 6 ( ) 282

295 F 7 ( ) F 8 ( ) 283

296 1.. ( JTJ07198 ) :, ( JTJ01497 ) :, ( JTJ05293 ) :, ( JTJ03698 ) :, ( GB ). :, :, :, :, :, :, :, :, ,.. :, :, :, :, SMA. :, :, , Vol.6, Sup.No. 1, , Vol.12, No.1, , 19, 2 3, SMA SMA., SMA., Vol.15, No.4, SMA., 18 5,

297 , 12 3, , , Vol.15, No.1, , 12 2, S13 ( S14 ) S13 ( S14) S13 ( S14) ta t a ta t a 285