( ) ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch (bimonthly ) Mar.2013 Vol.45No.2 Evans Levinson * 胡旭辉 : Evans Levinson,,, :,, : [ 中图分类号 ]H0-06 [ 文献

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1 ( ) ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch (bimonthly ) Mar.2013 Vol.45No.2 Evans Levinson * 胡旭辉 : Evans Levinson : : [ 中图分类号 ]H0-06 [ 文献标识码 ]A [ 文章编号 ] (2013) Chomsky Behavioraland Brain Science Evans Levinson( E&L) :(1) ;(2) : ( Baker Pesetsky Rizzi Croft Goldberg ) ; 2010 Lin- * IanRoberts 276

2 胡旭辉 Evans Levinson gua ( Hudson Longobardi& Roberts Abels & Neeleman ) Lingua Rizzi Chomsky 3 E&L :(1) E&L ;(2) 2.E&L 2.1 对语言共性论的反对 E&L 4 (SubjacencyPrinciple) (BindingPrinciples) wh- wh- : (1) 5 a.wheredidjohnsaythatwehadtogetofthebus b.didjohnsaywhetherwehadtogetofthebus c. * WheredidJohnsaywhetherwehadtogetofthebus (1c) where whether : (2) * WheredidJohnsaywhetherwehadtogetofthebus E&L A (anaphor) (reflexive) (reciprocal) ; B (normalnon-reflexive) ( ) (3) (3a) B(3b) A (3c) A 277

3 (3)a.Johnxsawhim y. b.johnxsawhimselfx c. * HimselfxsawJohnx/himx. 6 : (4)Hexsawhimx y B him he E&L : ( ) (constituency) (recursion) (pivot) ; Dyirbal (5)a. Thewomanslappedthemanand laughed.( ( ) ) b.dyirbal yibingguyarabunjun miyandanyu Thewomanslappedthemanandthemanlaughed ( ( ) ) E&L : (6)Ultima Cumaei venit iam carminis aetas. Last(Nom) Cumae(Gen) came now song(gen) age(nom) ThelastageoftheCumaeansonghasnowarrived ultima (last) aetas(age) (embedding) E&L BininjGun-wok [Theystood[watchingus[fight]]] theystood/theywerewatchingus/wewerefighting 278

4 胡旭辉 Evans Levinson eachother E&L 2.2 E&L 的语言观 : 语言多样性与文化 - 生物双轨进化机制 E&L - - (bio-culturalhybrid) E&L E&L E&L (populationgenetics) (evolutionarysynthesis) ( ) 2.3 E&L 对语言研究新体系的总结与建议 E&L E&L : 1) : 2) :(a) ;(b) 3) (possiblelanguages) 4) 5) 6) 279

5 ) : ; 7 3. E&L E&L E&L Freidin(2009) E&L :Chomsky( ) (boundingdomain); NP CP TP Rizzi (1978) E&L TP CP Reuland & Everaert(2010) E&L ( ) E&L (structuralcase) (bundling) Baker (Baker ) ( V-S-O ) V-S-O Longobar- di& Roberts(2010) Everet Pirah (Everet ;Nevinsetal.2009ab) Zwart(2011) Chomksy (2013) UG 280

6 胡旭辉 Evans Levinson : ( [SpecTP] ) E&L Dyirbal (ergative) ( Baker Pesetsky Rizzi ) E&L E&L E&L E&L : Baker ;Longobardi& Roberts(2010) ;Reuland & Everaert(2010) Longobardi& Roberts(2010) E&L E&L ( ) ; Longobardi& Roberts(2011) 语言学研究方法 E&L :(1) 281

7 (2)E&L E&L (3) 4.2 对语言共性的理解 E&L E&L ( Greenberg1963/2007;Haspelmathetal.2005) E&L (MinimalistProgram) (VP) 8 T : (PF) (Roberts&Roussou2002) T (head movement) (Roberts2010) :(1) ;(2) 4.3 语言学研究的层面 E&L 282

8 胡旭辉 Evans Levinson E&L E&L (Roberts2007) E&L E&L 5. : 5.1 功能形式互动下的语言变异阐释 Chomsky ( ) (UG) ( p rimarylinguisticdata) ( p rinciplesnotspecifictolan- guage) 283

9 ( ) ( ) (Roberts& Roussou2003;Roberts2007;Roberts& Holmberg2010) 5.2 语言进化研究中的功能形式互动 E&L ; Chomsky (Chomsky2013) UG E&L Chomsky ( 2013) : Chomsky Chomsky (Chomsky ) : ( ) (event structure) (Borer2005ab) 284

10 胡旭辉 Evans Levinson 6. E&L : ; ( 2006) Cognitive Linguistics Goldberg ( Lids& Wiliams 2009) E&L 3.Lingua E&L E&L 4.E&L Greenberg E&L 5. E&L 6. (4) E&L 7. E&L 8. (lightverbphrasevp) T vp VP Foli&Harley ( 2007) AbelsK.& A.Neeleman.2010.Nihilism masqueradingasprogres [J].Lingua 120: BakerM.2001.AtomsofLanguage:The Mind s Hidden Rulesof Grammar [M].New York:BasicBooks. 285

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12 胡旭辉 Evans Levinson 189. LongobardiG.&I.Roberts.2010.Universalsdiversityandchangeinthescienceoflan- guage:reactionto Themythoflanguageuniversalsandcognitivescience [J].Lin- gua120: LongobardiG.&I.Roberts.2011.No-argumentsaboutnon-universals[J].LinguisticTy- pology15: NevinsA.D.Pesetsky& C.Rodrigues.2009a.Pirah exceptionality : A reasesment [J].Language85: NevinsA.D.Pesetsky&C.Rodrigues.2009b.Evidenceandargumentation:Areplyto Everet(2009)[J].Language85: Pesetsky D.2009.Againsttakinglinguisticdiversityat facevalue [J].Behavioraland BrainScience32: ReulandE.& M.Everaert.2010.Reactionto: Themythoflanguageuniversalsandcog- nitivescience EvansandLevinson scabinetofcuriosities:should wepaythefee [J].Lingua120: RizziL.1978.Violationsofthewh-islandconstraintinItalianandthesubjacencycondi- tion [J].Montreal WorkingPapersin Linguistics11: RizziL.2009.Thediscoveryoflanguageinvarianceandvariationanditsrelevancefor thecognitivesciences[j].behavioraland BrainScience32: RobertsI.2007.DiachronicSyntax [M].Oxford:OUP. RobertsI.2010.Agreementand Head Movement:CliticsIncorporationand Defective Goals [M].CambridgeMA.:The MITPres. RobertsI.&A.Holmberg.2010.Introduction [A].InT.BiberauerA.Holmberg I. Roberts& M.Sheehan (eds.).syntactic Variationinthe MinimalistProgram:The NulSubjectParameter [C].Cambridge:CUP RobertsI.& A.Rousou.2002.Thehistoryofthefuture [A].In D.Lightfoot(ed.). SyntacticEfectsof MorphologicalChange [C].Oxford:OUP RobertsI.&A.Rousou.2003.SyntacticChange:A MinimalistApproachto Grammati- calization [M].Cambridge:CUP. ZwartJ.2011.Recursioninlanguage:Alayered-derivationapproach [J].Biolinguistics 5: = [J] (2):64-72 : ; :Dept.ofTheoreticalandAppliedLinguisticsUniversityofCambridgeSidgwick AvenueCambridgeCB39DAUK. 287

A B A B S + V + Pt or Complement + Num-MP + O a b SVO c 2 9 * 10 * X Y

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