虚拟现实1-2章.doc

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2 2 DVENET DVENET 863 DVENET DVENET DVENET DVENET DVENET / ISBN I. D II.III. IV. TP391 CIP (2005) / * / / ( )

3 2002 DVENET DVENET 2000 DVENET (1) HLA HLA/RTI DIS HLA/RTI (2) (3) ( ) (4) DVENET

4 ii DVENET

5 iii DVENET DVENET DIS HLA RTI DVENET DIS HLA DVE_RTI DVE_RTI DVE_RTI DVERMP RTI DVE_RTI RTI HLA DVE_FM

6 iv DVENET DVE_FM DVE_RR DVENET DVENET DVE_RR DVESG DVESG DVESG DVESG L

7 v DVENET AE AE AE / / / Internet Internet Internet

8 vi DVENET XML X3D XML X3D/VRML X3D X3D DVE_FM DVE_RTI

9 1 (virtual reality VR) (virtual environment VE) (distributed virtual reality DVR) 863 DVENET (distributed virtual environment networking) IEEE DIS (IEEE Std 1278 IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation) 2000 IEEE HLA (IEEE Std 1516 IEEE standard for modeling and simulation high level architecture) IEEE HLA IEEE DIS DIS HLA IEEE DIS DARPA(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) SIMNET(simulation networking) SIMNET IEEE DIS

10 2 DVENET BFTT(Battle Force Tactical Training System) Wright Patterson JMASS(Joint Modeling And Simulation System) TMA STRICOM CATT(The Combined Arms Tactical Trainer) NPSNET DIS IEEE HLA DARPA USACOM STOW(Synthetic Theater of War) HLA ( ) STOW JSIMS(Joint Simulation System) HLA ( ) ( ) 21 WARSIM2000(Warfighter Simulation 2000) IEEE HLA IEEE DIS DIS HLA (PIU) DIS HLA RDE 1st Application 2002 DREN (DIS/ HLA) IEEE IEEE DIS RDE 1st Application

11 CJ21 UFL 2002 ( ) JDPE(Joint Synthetic Battlespace Experiment) (synthetic natural environment SNE) ( ) SIMNET CCTT(Close Combat Tactical Training) STOW AFRL EOTDA(Electo-Optical Tactical Decision Aid) Server Weather Server TAOS(total atmospheric ocean services) JETS(JSIMS Environment Tailor System) JSIMS 15min METOC(meteorological and oceanographical) UE-98-1 JWARS JWARS (ocean acoustic environment) HLA DIS

12 4 DVENET AFRL EOTDA Server Weather Server TAOS DVW(dynamic virtual worlds) TAOS CGF(computer generated force) 60km T-72 EOTDA CGF 54km T (augmented reality AR) (augmented virtual reality) (real environment RE) (virtual object)

1 5 ( ) 1-2 1-2 (Naval Research Laboratory NRL) Julier ( ) (wearable augmented reality system,

13 1 5 ( ) (Naval Research Laboratory NRL) Julier ( ) (wearable augmented reality system, WARS) (3D interactive command environment, 3DICE) (wireless LAN) Touring machine DARPA Bajura Neumann

14 6 DVENET Milgram SMART(Sensori-Motor Augmented Reality for Telerobotics) Piekarski (GPS) (compass) ( ) C4ISR(command control communication computer intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance) (M&S) C4ISR M&S Old Dominion C4ISR M&S Old Dominion C4ISR S&M Web Service XML SOAP(simple object access protocol) 1-3 C4ISR M&S USJFCOM(U.S. Joint Forces Command) (Millennium Challenge 2002 MC02) C4ISR

15 1 7 C4ISR System Simulation Service Interactions Simulation Metadata Execution Control Visualization Data Collection Simulation Effects Non-Persistent Data Orders Reports Imagery Tracks Unit Data Persistent Data Mission & Plan Information Communications Plan Weather Data Terrain Specification Simulation System Simulation Control Module Visualization Module Simulation & Models Module Behavior Models Physical Models Communication Models Environmental Models Run-Time Framework Simulation Engine C4ISR System Service Interactions System Health/Heartbeat/Status Component Service Protocols Simulation DB Scenario DB 1-3 C4ISR M&S 3 24 DARPA CoABS(Control of Agent-Based Systems CoABS) (Naval Research Lab.) Agent C4ISR M&S Agent-Mediated Interface DMSO (Defense Modeling and Simulation Organization) HLA/RTI C4ISR M&S CMDR (Critical Mission Data Over Run-time Infrastructure) CoABS - (CMU) C3I M&S NATO C3I (BOM) HLA C4I M&S JSIMS C4I M&S JSIMS C4I M&S 2002

16 8 DVENET m NII (GIG) GIG GIG GIG 1997

17 1 9 ( GIG ) 1.2 DVENET DVENET DVENET DVENET ( 2002) 2000 DVENET 2000 DVENET HLA RTI DIS HLA/RTI ( ) DVENET DVENET VR 1-4

18 10 DVENET RTI HLA DVENET ( ) DVE_FM DVE_FM DVENET 1-5 / DVE_FM 1-5 R T I DVE_FM

19 1 11 ( ) HLA DVE_RTI DVENET HLA DVE_RTI DVENET HLA/RTI 2.0 DVE_RTI DDM RTI 1-6 DVE_RTI RTI DVE_RTI DVE _ FM / HLA RTI L 4 DvePolice RTI DVE _ RTI Console AP I L 1 LRC API L 2 RTI L 3 Manage Service 1-6 DVE_RTI 2.0 ( ) DVE_SECURITY DVENET

20 I/O 12 DVENET ( ) DVESG DVESG DVESG API DVESG API OpenGL DirectX API DVESG Scene Graph DVESG Scene Graph 1-7 DVESG DVESG DVESG DVESG DVESG OpenGL Win DVESG ( ) DVESG (visibility culling) scene graph (view frustum-culling) (back face-culling)

21 (occlusion-culling) DVESG ( ) DVE_NOWA DVE_NOWA DVENET Open Flight DVE_NOWA (core) ( DB) ( plugin manager) (I/O I/O rapper) ( script parser) I/O Wrapper C++ (plugin) DVENET ( ) (1) (2) FED HLA DVENET FED FED 1-8

22 14 DVENET Fed Fed OMT XML 1-8 Fed Editor (3) XML(extensible markup language ) ( ) (1) DVENET (2) IPVData IterrainApplication IupdateData IinitialData Original flt dem dlg Abstract Data Abstract Data Core Resoning (3) ( ) DVENET HLA/RTI AutoUNIFY AutoUNIFY

23 1 15 HLA/RTI 1-9 E2 E1 A 1 A 2 E 3 B 1-9 ( ) DVENET DVENET HLA ( ) DVENET 1-10 ( ) (1) DVENET

24 16 DVENET 1-10 (2) Doretto (dynamic textures) 3D ( ) DVENET DIS HLA/RTI DVENET (2.0 ) DVENET DVENET 1-11

25 ( ) ( 24 ) ( ) 1-11 DVENET

26 18 DVENET DVENET IEEE 1993 IEEE DIS(IEEE Std 1278 IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation) 2000 IEEE HLA(IEEE Std 1516 IEEE Standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) high level architecture) DVE_RTI HLA DVE_FM ( DVE_RR ) DIS SIMNET DIS DIS SIMNET DIS (protocol data unit PDU) DIS BFTT (Battle Force Tactical Training System) JMASS (Joint Modeling and Simulation System) TMA CATT (The Combined Arms Tactical Trainer) DVENET DIS DVE_Link DIS PDU PDU PDU DIS IEEE 1998 IEEE DIS DIS DIS DIS

27 2 19 DIS HLA HLA RTI SIMNET DIS ALSP ( CGF ) 1995 (M&S Master Plan MSMP) HLA HLA IEEE 2001 HLA ( ) HLA HLA HLA (HLA rules) HLA (interface specification) (run-time infrastructure RTI) HLA (object model template OMT) OMT (federation object model FOM) (simulation object model SOM) HLA (federation) (federate) 1. HLA HLA (1) FOM HLA OMT RTI RTI HLA RTI (2) HLA OMT SOM / SOM / SOM

28 20 DVENET SOM 2. HLA HLA HLA 3. HLA HLA HLA HLA OMT OMT ( ) HLA HLA FOM HLA SOM FOM SOM ( ) HLA OMT HLA ( ) RTI RTI HLA HLA HLA RTI 1995 DMSO HLA RTI HLA RTI HLA RTI 1. (1) (2) (3)

29 2 21 (4) 2. HLA / (1) RTI (2) RTI RTI (3) (4) (5) (6) 3. (best effort) (reliable) (1) (2) Local Delete Object Instance (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) RTI Provide Attribute Value Update (10) Update Attribute Values 4. /

30 22 DVENET (1) (2) (3) (4) HLA RTI RTI DMSO-RTI prti ( ) HLA HLA ( 2-1) HLA DIS (DIS ) HLA ( ) HLA HLA ( ) DIS HLA HLA

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,,.,, : 1),,,,, 2),,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,, [6].,,, ( ),, [9], : 1), 2),,,,, 3),,, 2.,, [10].,,,,,,,,, [11]. 2.1,, [12],, ;, ; Fig. 1 1 Granular hier 36 7 Vol. 36, No. 7 2010 7 ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA July, 2010 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2,,,,,,, DOI,,, 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2010.00923 Distributed Simulation System Hierarchical Design Model Based on Quotient Space