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2014.6.10. Beijing Content 1. Background 2.

1 Non road mobile source emission inventory development VECC of MEP Beijing Content 1. Background 2. Non road mobile source emission inventory development 3. Further works 1

2 1.Backgroud Current situation of non road mobile source ownership Variety of non-road engines have exceeded 50M in More than 14M diesel engines were produced in 2012(including 2M agricultural vehicles) 2

3 Consumption of non road mobile source diesel Annual diesel consumption is nearly 100 million tons. All kinds of diesel engines except diesel vehicles consume over 60million tons each year. Consumption situation 3

4 Non road mobile source management requirements The latest Five Year plan for pollution prevention in critical ii area implement non-road mobile source pollution prevention carry out non-road mobile source survey, master the pollution status of mobile source including construction machinery, locomotive, marine, agricultural machinery, industrial machinery and aircraft establish management of daily account for mobile source air pollution Air pollution prevention action plan carry out pollution control for non-road mobile machinery and marine 2N 2.Non-road mobile source emission i inventory development 4

5 Classification of non road mobile source Non road mobile includes: construction Machinery agricultural machinery small general machinery marine locomotive aircraft Calculation approach for engineering machinery emission inventory Discharge of engineering machinery: Q = EF Pop A 3600 Q:quantity,g/year EF:emission factor,g/s Pop:sorting device ownership A:sorting device activity level, hour/year 5

Classification and ownership of engineering machinery according to the China construction machinery industry yearbook, engineering machinery can be divided into 13 types.

6 Classification and ownership of engineering machinery according to the China construction machinery industry yearbook, engineering machinery can be divided into 13 types. Loaders, excavators and forklift is the main model of engineering machinery in China, it occupies 80.1% of total. Besides, road roller, bulldozer, grader also account for about 4.4% population. This research divide engineering machinery into seven types. Average working time 美国 NONROAD 模型全负荷寿命与负载因子表全负荷寿命 (hrf) 负载因子 (LF) 装载机挖掘机叉车压路机推土机平地机摊铺机 Construction machinery working.1 hours per year 工程机械类别年均工作时间 ( h) 1 挖掘机装载机叉车推土机平地机压路机其他 565 工程机械年均工作小时数由公式 (3-7) 获得 hrm f LF * Ym (3-7) 其中 :hrm 实际年工作小时数 ; hrf 全负荷设计寿命 ; LF 工程机械负载因子 ; Ym 平均使用年限, 假设 15 年 hr 6

7 2014/6/6 The actual emission test Transient emission characteristics of excavators and loaders excavator loader 7

8 2014/6/6 Transient emission characteristics of road roller, land leveler & bulldozer road roller bulldozer land leveler Transient emission characteristics of forklift 8

2014/6/6 机械类 Operating conditions of engineering machinery 时间比例测试工况测试工况加权系数 (%) 型怠速发动机低转速(通常为 600-800r/min) 挖掘机处于静止状态对外无功率输出挖掘机行走在测试地点移动但作业部分保持静止 0.05 0.

9 2014/6/6 机械类 Operating conditions of engineering machinery 时间比例测试工况测试工况加权系数 (%) 型怠速发动机低转速(通常为 r/min) 挖掘机处于静止状态对外无功率输出挖掘机行走在测试地点移动但作业部分保持静止工程机械处于行走状态并利用铲斗进行挖掘作业动斗翻斗等作业活动怠速发动机低转速(通常为 r/min) 装载机处于静止对外无功率输出装载机装载机在测试地点自由移动但机械作业部分保行走持静止状态作业怠速行走及利用铲斗进行起斗掘进翻斗等作业发动机低转速(通常为 r/min) 压路机处于静止状态对外无功率输出压路机作业怠速压路机开始行走同时利用碾轮进行碾压作业发动机处于低转速状态(通常为 r/min) 推土机处于静止状态对外无功率输出推土机推土机开始行走同时利用推土刀铲削并推送作作业业怠速发动机处于低转速状态(通常为 r/min) 平地机处于静止状态无功率输出平地机作业怠速平地机行走同时利用刮刀平整作业发动机低转速(通常为 r/min) 货叉处于最低位置并保持静止状态叉车在测试地点前行或后移货叉处于空载状叉车空载行走况 0.30 叉车处于静止状况利用货叉对货物进行上升下抬举降此工况模拟货物的装卸作业 0.30 real emission factors of engineering machinery loader land leveler Etc. excavator forlift 9

10 Emission inventory of engineering machinery Calculation approach for agricultural machinery emission inventory Discharge of agricultural machinery: Q = EF Pop A 3600 Q:quantity,g/y EF:emission factor,g/s Pop:sorting device ownership A:sorting device activity level, hour/year 10

2014/6/6 Classification of agricultural machinery According to the The agricultural machiner industry machinery ind str yearbook, earbook agricultural agric lt ral machinery can be divided into 9

11 2014/6/6 Classification of agricultural machinery According to the The agricultural machiner industry machinery ind str yearbook, earbook agricultural agric lt ral machinery can be divided into 9 types and 38 classes. The photo above shows the diesel engine power of the 38 classes of agricultural machinery in A single average power more than 30 kw are 18.4 to 58.8 and 58.8 kw+ large & mediumsized tractors, combine harvesters Tractor Harvester Other Typical operating condition & activity level of agricultural machinery 机械类型测试工况怠速工况介绍发动机低转速状态(通常为 r/min) 拖拉机处于静止状态对外 r/min) 拖拉机处于静止状态对外无功率输出拖拉机在农田中自由行走旋耕犁处于提升或静止状况作业机构对旋耕拖拉机行走外无功率输出拖拉机在农田一边行走一边为旋耕犁提供动力使其逐行对土壤进作业行细碎和平整地面作业怠速发动机低转速状态(通常为 r/min) 且联合收割机处于静止状态对外无功率输出功率输 Working time of agricultural machinery Types time hours 1 Tractor Combine Others 380 联合收割机在农田中自由行走且收割脱粒等作业部件处于静止状联合收割机行走态主要作业机构无功率输出联合收割机在农田一边行走一边进行作物的收割分离茎杆脱粒作业和清除杂物等作业工序 11

12 2014/6/6 Transient emission characteristics of combine Transient emission characteristics of tractor 12

13 Emission factors of tractors and harvesters medium & large tractor small tractor combine other Emission inventory of agricultural machinery 13

Calculation approach for inland ship emission Calculating approach for marine emission: E=V EF V: annual turnover volume of passenger and goods(ton. km/year, people.

14 Calculation approach for inland ship emission Calculating approach for marine emission: E=V EF V: annual turnover volume of passenger and goods(ton. km/year, people.km/year) EF:Comprehensive pollutant emission factor Testing program testing area and route Route 1:The Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Hangzhou grand canal Route 2: Zhujiang&Guangzhou section 14

15 Test equipment installation Testing operation for inland ship 测试工况进港巡航离港停泊工况介绍指从船舶巡航速度开始减速到靠岸为止船舶以一定的速度平稳行驶静止开始加速到巡航速度为止船舶靠岸后利用发动机为船上日常生活供电 15

16 2014/6/6 Transient emission characteristics of Zhujiang cargo ships Transient emission of Zhujiang cargo ships 16

17 Emission factors of inland ships Marine emission inventory 17

18 Calculation approach for aircraft and locomotive emission Aircraft LTO emission calculation: T=EFLTO LTO T: quantity of pollutant emission EFLTO: pollutant emission factor,kg/lto LTO,LTO amount of civil aircraft Locomotive emission calculation: T=EF W T: quantity of pollutant emission EF: pollutant emission factor,g/kg fuel W: fuel consumption of locomotive,ton Emission of civil aircraft Standard LTO cycle regulated by ICAO engine operation engine operation Operating time/min take off 100% 0.7 climb 85% 2.2 approach 30% 4.0 taxi 7% 26.0 Civil aircraft LTO cycle emission factor/kg LTO -1 Tpyes CO HC NOx PM SO 2 China China China China China China 中国香港

19 Aircraft movements (/ 10k times) in China s major airports Year Airport sin China Beijing Guangz hou Shang hai(pu dong) Shenzh en Shang hai(ho ngqiao) Cheng du Kunmi ng Xi an Chong qing Hangz hou Hongk ong Calculation of diesel locomotive consumption daily output of freight locomotive = total freight volume/ (unit * day) total freight volume rotation volume of goods transport total freight volume = rotation volume of goods transport + Vehicle weight Vehicle weight is about billion ton km in 2011,less than 4% of rotation volume of goods transport. Z 货合 = 365 (RC 货内 T 货内 + RC 货电 T 货电 ) Z 货合 /RC 货合 = 365 (T 货内 + T 货电 ) Z 货合 : total daily output of electric freight locomotive RC 货合 :total daily output of freight locomotive ;RC 货电 :daily output of electric freight locomotive; RC 货内 :daily output of diesel freight locomotive T 货电 : unit * day of electric freight;t 货内 : unit * day of diesel freight locomotive; Z 货合 RC 货合 RC 货电 RC 货电 are known parameters,can be obtained by related yearbooks 19

20 Emission inventory of Aircraft and Locomotive Aircraft LTO emission Locomotive emission Calculation approach Calculation approach for the quantity of small general machinery pollutant: Q=EF*Pop*Power* A*LF/10 6 Q: discharge,ton Pop: ownerships Power: rated power,kw; A: activity level, hour; EF: emission factor,g/kw.h; LF: load factor 20

21 Ownership and classification of small general machinery Considering the small ownership of handheld engine (SH1&SH3) and hands-free engine (FSH1&FSH2), This study only involves SH2,FSH3 and FSH4. 发动机类别代号工作容积 V/cm 3 The average working time of SH2, FSH3 and FSH4 are 300, 500 and 1000 respectively. SH1 SH2 SH3 FSH1 FSH2 FSH3 FSH4 V<20 20 V<50 V 50 V<66 66 V< V<225 V 225 Small general machinery emission factors & inventory 小型通用汽油.1 发动机排放因子 HC(g/kW.h ) CO(g/kW.h) NOx(g/kW.h) SH2 FSH3 FSH4 SH2 FSH3 FSH4 SH2 FSH3 FSH4 Pre China China Ⅰ China Ⅱ

Non road mobile source emission contribution 图 8.1 2011 年非道路移动源排放比例 (CO) 图 8.2 2011 年非道路移动源排放比例 (HC) 图 8.3 2011 年非道路移动源排放比例 (NOx) 图 8.

22 Non road mobile source emission contribution 图年非道路移动源排放比例 (CO) 图年非道路移动源排放比例 (HC) 图年非道路移动源排放比例 (NOx) 图年非道路移动源排放比例 (PM) Contribution proportion 图年移动源排放比例 (CO) 图年移动源排放比例 (HC) 图年移动源排放比例 (NOx) 图年移动源排放比例 (PM) 22

23 Further works Engineering machinery, agricultural machinery, marine emission factor test are lack of test data of different power section. Currently, there no program for coastal vessel emission test. We need to constantly carry out non-road machinery emission test, and improve emission factor database. Considering the policy requirements for evaluating non-road mobile source GHG and PM2.5 emission effect, we should utilize existing data to supplement CO2 and PM2.5 emissions factor. We should establish contextual models for different emission standards, carry out emission inventory forecast, and provide policy suggestions for non-road mobile source emission control. 谢谢聆听! Thanks for your attention! 23

<4D F736F F F696E74202D DB7C7B5C0C2B7C5C5B7C5C7E5B5A5BFAAB7A22DD6D0C3C0B9FABCCAD1D0CCD6BBE12E >

<4D F736F F F696E74202D DB7C7B5C0C2B7C5C5B7C5C7E5B5A5BFAAB7A22DD6D0C3C0B9FABCCAD1D0CCD6BBE12E > 非道路移动道路移动源排放清单开发环境保护部机动车排污监控中心 2014 年 6 月 10 日北京主要内容一背景介绍二非道路移动源排放清单开发三下一步工作 1 一背景介绍非道路移动源保有现状我国各类用途的非道路发动机在 2011 年的保有量已经达到了 5000 余万台 2012 年我国共生产柴油机 1400 多万台, 其中仅有 500 多万台用于柴油车 ( 包括 200 万辆左右的农用车