898 ( ) 17 ;,, (quantity-qualitytrade-of) Gary Becker BeckerandLewis(1973) [Wilis(1973) ], (budgetconstraint) (creditmarketfailure),,, ( ),,, (Glicket
|
|
|
- 麇肝 局
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.17,No.3 April,2018 1*, %,,,,,,, DOI: /j.cnki.ceq ,, 20 70,,,,, (,2008;,2013),,, (,2011;,2010),, :, * 1, ;, :, 305,98195; : ; zogcee@gmail.com, cczhuang@uw.edu ( ) (16JDLJB001)
2 898 ( ) 17 ;,, (quantity-qualitytrade-of) Gary Becker BeckerandLewis(1973) [Wilis(1973) ], (budgetconstraint) (creditmarketfailure),,, ( ),,, (Glicketal., 2005;Lietal.,2008;RosenzweigandZhang,2009;Hatonand Martin, 2010;Liu,2014), (Blacket al.,2005;park and Chung,2012) (Qian,2009; LordanandFrijters,2013), Blacketal.(2005),,, ;,, ( ) ParkandChung(2012) MHSS,, ;,,, (, ) Qian (2009) CHNS ;, LordanandFrijters(2013), ( ),,,,
3 3 : 899 ;,,, (IV), IV (Glicketal.,2005;Liet al.,2008;angristetal.,2010;hatonand Martin,2010) (Qian,2009;ParkandChung,2012;Cameronetal.,2013),,,,, IV, IV :,,, ;,,, (regressiondiscontinuitydesign,rdd) RDD,,,,, IV,RDD,,, RDD,, RDD (natural experiment), % RDD, 20 80, Q-Q RDD RDD, (DID) :(1) (RDD), ;(2) BeckerandLewis(1973) Wilis (1973), ;(3)
4 900 ( ) 17, ; (4), : ; ;, ; ;, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) 1975 ( ) ( ) ( , , 4 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1995 1, 14 ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) 2013, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : (2003) (2010),
5 3 : 901, :,, :, ;,, RDD ; 1 1, RDD, RDD 20 70, : (Zhang and Spencer,1992;Li,1995;,2003;,2010; Cameronetal.,2013) (,2003)2 2,, :, ( );,, 3 10 (Banister,1987;Cooneyetal.,1991;LiandCooney,1993) 3 3 :, 4 4, 1979 (, ), 1980 (,2014),, (complier),, ,, ;,, (Ebenstein,2010) 4 4, ( )
6 902 ( ) 17,,, % , 1 :, ; (RDD) (DID) RDD,, (treatmentefect) ( ) 0 1, (AngristandLavy, 1999;VanderKlaauw,2002;,2010;,2011; Chenetal.,2013)
7 3 : 903 (assignmentvariable)x ( ) 1 5, (outcomevariable)y ( ), (treatmentvariable)d ( D=1, D=0) (1) ( ) : τ= lim x c lim x c E[Y X]-lim E[Y X] x c E [ D X ]-lim E [ D X ]. (1) x c Wald c, c c ( ±h),, (1) (complier,,, 26 ) (localaveragetreatmentefect,late) (1), (IV), (ImbensandLemieux,2008;LeeandLemieux,2010) RDD ( T, T=1, T=0), T D IV, (2SLS) D Y 37 : Y =θ+τd +f(x -c)+ε, (2) D =γ+δt +g(x -c)+u. (3) (2) (3) 2SLS,δ ;γ θ ;f( ) g( ), ; X T D, f( ) g( ) ;u ε, T, τ : 5 1, (bin) 6 2, (defier), (monotonicity) ;,,, 7 3, RDD,γ=0,α=0, δ=1
8 904 ( ) 17 τ= N i=1 N i=1 (T i - 珡 T)(Y i - 珚 Y) (T i - 珡 T)(X i - 珡 X) = E [Y c< X c+h]-e[y c-h X c] E[D c< X c+h]-e[d c-h X c]. (4) (4) (1), ( ), (kerneldensity estimation), (one-sided kernel regression) (pointestimate), Wald : lim x c lim x c lim x c lim x c E[Y X]= E[Y X]= E[D X]= E[D X]= Y i K((X i -x)/h) i:x i >c K((X i -x)/h), ( 5) i:x i >c Y i K((X i -x)/h) i:x i <c K((X i -x)/h), ( 6) i:x i <c D i K((X i -x)/h) i:x i >c K((X i -x)/h), ( 7) i:x i >c D i K((X i -x)/h) i:x i <c i:x i <c K ((X i -x)/h). (8) (5) (8) h ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) (mean squarederror) (optimalbandwidth) K ( ) (kernelfunction), (trianglekernel) (FanandGijbels,1996;LeeandLemieux,2010),, (rectangularkernel) RDD, (,covariate, W ), LATE (LeeandLemieux,2010), RDD :, RDD,, RDD ;,
9 3 : 905 (samplingvariability), RDD, 8 1 DID RDD : D, (T=0) (T=1),,, ( ) (averagetreatmentefect,ate) Y =β 0 + β 1D + β 2T + β 3 (D T)+β 4W +e. (9) (9),,(D T), β %,, 2000, 1%, ( ), 31 ( ) /5, 260, ( ) ( ) 29, (2003) 8 1 : Y W, Y Y * =Y-Y LeeandLemieux(2010), W D ( W ), W Y τ, W, RDD 9 2 5, 3 ( ), 3
10 906 ( ) ;,, ;,, 5,, 30681, ( 3, ) 2 3,, 211,, ( 11.96, ) (22 28 ), ,, (compensatedyearsofeducation),,,, (Bucklesand Hungerman,2013; AngristandKrueger,1991),,,,,, 2 1 (bin),, ( ), (2003),,, 11 2, ( ), ( 14 ), , 2005, 13 4,,,
11 3 : eduyear yhat ( ) * (2.889) (2.894) (2.517) ( ) * (2.883) (2.873) (2.515) nosibs ( =1, =0) * (0.487) (0.000) (0.000) healthy married male ( =1, =0) (0.057) (0.060) (0.051) ( =1, =0) * (0.486) (0.496) (0.459) ( =1, =0) (0.500) (0.500) (0.500) N : * 5% ; 2 :, ; RDD, (covariate),
12 908 ( ) , (GB/T2260), (2010) (1,0 ) 2, ( ) ( ) - (education-healthgradient) (Smith,2004),,, RDD, (Zengetal.,1993;DasGupta,2005; Ebenstein,2010;Lietal.,2011), (3 ), ; ( ),,,, ( 43.5% 30.2%),, (entropybalancing)2 15,, RDD, ( ) 1 2, RDD LeeandLemieux(2010), RDD (1) (5) (8) LATE, 3 (1) ;, RDD, 3 (2) RDD, ;, ,, 15 2, ( ), Hainmueler(2012)
13 3 : 909 (3) (rectangularkernel) RDD 3 (4), RDD (1) (2) (3) (4) *** ** *** ** (0.099) (0.120) (0.101) (0.115) *** *** *** ** (0.017) (0.020) (0.0174) (0.021) LATE ** ** *** * (2.396) (2.560) (1.849) (3.031) : *** ** * 1% 5% 10% ; (standarderror) bootstrap ; LATE( Wald ) ; ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) ; (4),, 3 (2) (4) 3 (1) :, 5% ( Wald ); 2005 ( ), 0.3 ( Wald ) Wald,, (LATE), ( ) 3,, 5.5,, - BeckerandLewis(1973),,, 1,,, :, RDD,,
14 910 ( ) 17,,,,, :(1),, -,,, ( ) (2),, ;RDD LATE,,, ( ), (3) LATE ( ) (cumulativeefect), (marginal efect), ;, LATE ( ) ( ), RDD,, RDD, ( IV,RDD, ),,,, ,, ( RDD ), ( RDD ),, RDD
15 3 : 911,, (McCrary,2008;ImbensandLemieux,2008):,, McCrary(2008) LeeandLemieux(2010), 3 ( ),,, McCrary(2008), 0.012( 0.042), ( ), 3 : McCrary(2008) DCdensity, 95%, ( ) :,, RDD (locallinearregression),, 4,
16 912 ( ) 17 4 ( RDD ) male (0.023) (0.027) (0.020) (0.016) married (0.023) (0.026) (0.019) (0.015) healthy (0.003) (0.003) (0.002) (0.002) :, RDD, ; 3 (1), RDD ( ):, RDD, ( ) 1, 5 RDD,,LATE, 3 RDD, ( ) 5 RDD (0.092) (0.103) (0.132) (0.113) * (0.015) (0.017) (0.0229) (0.020) LATE (3.223) (22.78) (3.865) (15.51) :(1), ;(2) LATE ( ) ( ) 3 (1) : 18 24,, :, 5,, ;,RDD (complier),, RDD, LATE, 2SLS,
17 3 : 913 (2) (3), (T), 2SLS 6 ( 6 3 (1) (2),, ) 3 (1) (2), 2SLS LATE, 6 RDD (IV/2SLS ) 2.4 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) *** * *** *** (1.777) (3.058) (1.662) (1.008) * * ** * (3.239) (2.452) (3.476) (3.170) : *** ** * 1% 5% 10% ; (robuststandard error); (2) D ( ); (1) (2.4 ) ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) ( 3 (1) ) ( ) DID ( ) 7 (9) : 6, ;, LATE, (ATE), RDD, ( ),,,, 7 DID 2.4 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) *** *** *** *** (0.086) (0.092) (0.078) (0.065) *** ** *** *** (0.082) (0.088) (0.074) (0.063) : *** ** * 1% 5% 10% ; (robuststandard error); (9) D T ; (1) (2.4 ) ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) ( 3 (1) )
18 914 ( ) 17 ( ) (placebo), RDD,, 1999 : (2011), 1980,, :, ;,, 3 (1) :,, (, ), 8,, (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) (0.208) (0.324) (0.227) (0.183) (0.023) (0.035) (0.025) (0.020) LATE (25.98) (14.63) (18.31) (26.37) :(1) 3 (1) ; (2) *** ** * 1% 5% 10% ; (standarderror) bootstrap ; LATE( Wald ) (triangle kernel) ; (1) ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012), 3 (1) ( ),
19 3 : 915,, 9,, RDD,,, (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) (0.066) (0.102) (0.073) (0.060) (0.008) (0.012) (0.009) (0.007) LATE (9.066) (8.464) (8.914) (7.697) :(1) 3 (1) ;(2) *** ** * 1% 5% 10% ; (standarderror) bootstrap ; LATE( Wald ) (trianglekernel) ; (1) ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) :,,, -,, ( ), ( ) 10, RDD, 5% 1%; 18 1, ,,
20 916 ( ) 17, ;,RDD 10 RDD *** *** (0.114) (0.172) (0.156) *** ** *** (0.020) (0.029) (0.030) LATE *** ** (1.910) (4.863) (1.921) :(1), ( );(2) , ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) ;(3) LATE ( ) ( ) 3 (1),,,,,,, ( ), (Zengetal.,1993;Das Gupta,2005;Ebenstein,2010;Lietal., 2011),, 3,,, RDD,,, BeckerandLewis(1973), Q-Q,, ( ), ( ), - 10,,LATE,,
21 3 : ( ), , RDD, LATE, Q-Q RDD *** * ** (0.141) (0.130) (0.138) (0.128) * ** * ** (0.027) (0.020) (0.025) (0.020) LATE ** * (3.329) (3.136) (3.454) (3.218) :(1) , ImbensandKalyanaraman(2012) ;(2) LATE ( ) ( ) 3 BeckerandLewis(1973), ( ),,, 11, ( ) ( ),,,,,, 321, 19 1,,, GDP ( ), ( ),
22 918 ( ) 17 11,, RDD, ;, LATE,,Q-Q,,,, Q-Q, ( ),,,,,,Q- Q,,,, -, -,, 20 70,,,,,, (RDD), ( ) RDD,,
23 3 : 919,, :,,,,,, -,,, : - ;,,,,,,, ;,, [1] Angrist,J.D.,andA.B.Krueger, DoesCompulsorySchoolAtendanceAfectSchoolingand Earnings Quarterly Journalof Economics,1991,106(4), [2] Angrist,J.D.,andV.Lavy, Using Maimonides RuletoEstimatetheEfectofClassSizeon ScholasticAchievement,Quarterly Journalof Economics,1999,114(2), [3] Angrist,J.D.,V.Lavy,andA.Schlosser, MultipleExperimentsfortheCausalLinkbetween thequantityandqualityofchildren,journalof Labor Economics,2010,28(4), [4] Banister,J.,China schanging Population.Stanford,CA:StanfordUniversityPress,1987. [5] Becker,G.S.,and H.G.Lewis, OntheInteractionbetweenthe Quantityand Qualityof Children,Journalof PoliticalEconomy,1973,82(2), [6] Black,S.E.,P.J.Devereux,andK.G.Salvanes, TheMoretheMerrier TheEfectofFamily SizeandBirthOrderonChildren seducation,quarterly Journalof Economics,2005,120(2), [7] Buckles,K.S.,andD.M.Hungerman, SeasonofBirthandLaterOutcomes:OldQuestions, New Answers,Review of Economicsand Statistics,2013,95(3), [8] Cameron,L.,N.Erkal,L.Gangadharan,andX.Meng, LitleEmperors:BehavioralImpactsof China sone-childpolicy,science,2013,340(6130),
24 920 ( ) 17 [9] Chen,Y.,A.Ebenstein,M.Greenstone,and H.Li, EvidenceontheImpactofSustained ExposuretoAirPolutiononLifeExpectancyfrom China shuairiverpolicy,pnas,2013,110 (32), [10]Cooney,R.S.,J.Wei,and M.G.Powers, The One-Child Certificatein HebeiProvince, China:Acceptanceand Consequence, ,Population Researchand Policy Review, 1991,10(2), [11]DasGupta,M., ExplainingAsia s Missing Women :A New LookattheData,Population and DevelopmentReview,2005,31(3), [12]Ebenstein,A., The MissingGirls ofchinaandtheunintendedconsequencesoftheone-child Policy,Journalof Human Resources,2010,45 (1), [13]Fan,J.,andI.Gijbels,Local Polynomial Modeling and Its Applications.London,New York and Melbourne:ChapmanandHal,1996. [14]Glick,P.J.,A.Marini,andD.E.Sahn, EstimatingtheConsequencesofChangesinFertility onchildhealthandeducationinromania:ananalysisusingtwinsdata,corneluniversity, FoodandNutritioPolicyProgram WorkingPaperNo.183,2005. [15],,,2003 5, 1 10 [16]Hainmueler,J., EntropyBalancing:A MultivariateReweighting MethodtoProduceBalanced SamplesinObservationalStudies,Political Analysis,2012,20(1), [17]Haton,T.J.,andR.M.Martin, FertilityDeclineandtheHeightsofChildreninBritain, ,Explorationsin Economic History,2010,47(4), [18],,,2013 7, [19]Imbens,G.,andK.Kalyanaraman, OptimalBandwidthChoicefortheRegressionDiscontinuity Estimator,Review of EconomicStudies,2012,79(3), [20]Imbens,G.,andT.Lemieux, RegressionDiscontinuityDesigns:A GuidetoPractice,Journal of Econometrics,2008,142(2), [21]Lee,D.S.,and T.Lemieux, Regression Discontinuity Designsin Economics,Journalof Economic Literature,2010,48(2), [22],, ( ),2010 4, [23]Li,H.,J.Zhang,and Y.Zhu, The Quantity-Quality Trade-OfofChildreninaDeveloping Country:IdentificationUsingChineseTwins,Demography,2008,45(1), [24]Li,H.,J.Yi,andJ.Zhang, EstimatingtheEfectoftheOne-ChildPolicyontheSex Ratio ImbalanceinChina:IdentificationBasedontheDiference-in-Diferences,Demography,2011,48 (4), [25]Li,J.,andR.S.Cooney, SonPreferenceandtheOneChildPolicyin China: , Population Researchand Policy Review,1993,12(3), [26]Li,J., China sone-childpolicy:howand How WelHasIt Worked A CaseStudyofHebei Province, ,Populationand DevelopmentReview,1995,21(3), [27], :,,2014 3, 11 44
25 3 : 921 [28]Liu,H., TheQuality-QuantityTrade-of:EvidencefromtheRelaxationofChina sone-child Policy,Journalof Population Economics,2014,27(2), [29],, ( ),2008 4, [30]Lordan,G.,andP.Frijters, UnplannedPregnancyandtheImpactonSiblingHealthOutcomes, Health Economics,2013,22(8), [31],,, , [32]McCrary,J., ManipulationoftheRunning VariableintheRegressionDiscontinuityDesign:A DensityTest,Journalof Econometrics,2008,142(2), [33]Park,C.,and W.Chung, Sib-ShipSize,BirthOrder,andChildren seducationindeveloping Countries:Evidencefrom Bangladesh,HitotsubashiJournalof Economics,2012,53(1),1 23. [34]Qian,N., Quantity-QualityandtheOneChildPolicy:TheOnly-ChildDisadvantageinSchool EnrolmentinRuralChina,NBER WorkingPaperNo.14973,2009. [35]Rosenzweig,M.R.,andJ.Zhang, DoPopulationControlPoliciesInduceMoreHumanCapital Twins,Birth WeightandChina s One-Child Policy,Review of EconomicStudies,2009,76 (3), [36]Smith,J.P., UnravelingtheSES-HealthConnection,Populationand DevelopmentReview, 2004,30, [37]VanderKlaauw,W., EstimatingtheEfectofFinancialAid OfersonColegeEnrolment:A Regression-DiscontinuityApproach,InternationalEconomic Review,2002,43(4), [38] Wilis,R.J., A New ApproachtotheEconomic TheoryofFertility Behavior,Journalof PoliticalEconomy,1973,81(2),S14 S64. [39],,,2010 [40],, ( ),2011 4, [41],,,2003 [42],,,2011 2, [43]Zeng,Y.,P.Tu,B.Gu,Y.Xu,B.Li,and Y.Li, CausesandImplicationsoftheRecent IncreaseintheReportedSexRatioatBirthinChina,Populationand DevelopmentReview,1993, 19(2), [44]Zhang,J.,andB.G.Spencer, WhoSignsChina sone-childcertificate,and Why Journalof Population Economics,1992,5(3), [45],,, , 61 73
26 922 ( ) 17 TheImpactofBirthControlPolicy onoffspring seducationlevel: MicroeconomicEvidencefrom China XUEZHENG QIN RUDAI YANG (Peking University) CASTIELCHEN ZHUANG 1* (Universityof Washington) Abstract Theefectoftherecent two-child policy hasatractedanew waveof atention.usingthe2005 China sinter-census1% populationsurveydataand multiple econometricmethods,weidentifythecausalrelationshipbetweenquantityandqualityof populationin China. The results suggest that being a single child increased his/her educationalatainment,butthisefectwasonlyevidentinregionswithlowerincomeandless developedcredit markets. With China s economic development,relaxing households constraintsoninvestmentinofspring shumancapitalmayeasethenegativeimpactsofa country-wide relaxation of birth control and thus may promote sustainable economic development. Key Words birthcontrol,educationlevel,regressiondiscontinuitydesign JELClasification J13,D13,I20 * CorrespondingAuthor:CastielChenZhuang,UW 1 Economics,Savery HalRoom305,Seatle,WA 98195,UnitedStates.Tel: ; zogcee@gmail.com,cczhuang@uw.ed
32 139,, :, , (ChineseGeneralSocialSurvey,CGSS) , U 1940, 10.67%, 60,, , %,, 1 :CGSS ,,,,,,,,,
32 ChinaJournalofEconomics Vol.3,No.2:138-160 June2016 1, 2 3, CGSS,, :(1), (2),, (3), ; ; DOI:10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20160513.002!,,,,, 1980,, 1,,E-mail:sunwk@sem.tsinghua.edu.cn 2,,E-mail:ang.sun@gmail.com
(Missing Women) (Qian2008) ; (Alesinaetal2013); (Voigtl nderetal2013) % (Miler1981;Coale & Banis- ter1994) 105 (Wei& Zhang2011a
2017 4 * : : 20 80 2003 (Diference-in-diferenceDID) 12 : ; 10% : (Edlund1999) 104 107 (Visaria1967) 20 80 2001) 1982 108.47 107 2005 (Edlundetal20102013); 120.49 100 9 100 2010 (Hughesetal1999;Banister2004)
6 ( ) 14 : : % %; %; : % 54.3% (Becker1975; Card1999) (Lle- ras-muney2002;cu
14 1 2014 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.14No.1 October2014 : * : ; ; (16 59 ) 1999 2010 800 2013 50% 1 2 * ; : 28 1012100028; :18611108172;E-mail:wuyw@cass.org.cn 2014 7 3 : 1 1998 20% 25%1999 2013
66 ( ) 14 ( ; ChenandCowel2013; ) Dengetal.(2013) BeckerandTomes(1979) ( ) BeckerandTomes(1985) ( ) 3 MayerandLopoo (2008) (CH
14 1 2014 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.14No.1 October2014 * ; BeckerandTomes(1979) 2013 0.473 XieandZhou (2014) 0.53 0.55 ; * : 5 100871; :15801363830;E-mail:zhouguangsu@126.com (Kxjc-jc-2011003)
232 ( ) 14 lon,1999,2002,2004;bj rklundandj nti,2009;blackand Devereux, 2011;, ;, ),,,,,,, (Bj rklundandsalvanes,2011), (Shea,2000;Bowlesa
14 1 2014 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.14,No.1 October,2014 *,,, ;,,,,,, 10% 57% 1, 2 ;, 2010, 2688 3, 2011, 1.28 4, (Solon,1992;Zimmerman,1992;So- *, ;, :,,611130; : 18008064664;E-mail:duzc@swufe.edu.cn
1008 ( ) 12, (,2007b),,, 2,, (Cain,1986),, (MyCOS) ,, :,, 3, N ~ opo (2008) ( ) ;,,,,,, (,2002;, 2004;,2006;,2009;,2010),,,, (,2009),, (,2005)
12 3 2013 4 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12,No.3 April,2013 卿石松 郑加梅 * 摘要 2007 2008,,, ( ), 28.65% 43.16%,,,, 关键词,, 一 引 言 20 80, ( Lietal.,2011;Zhangetal.,2007) :, ( GustafssonandLi,2000 ), ; ( ) (Zhangetal.,2007;,2008;,2010
260 ( ) 14 (PauwandThurlow2011) ( 1) (Cawleyetal.2001) 1 ( ) :(1) ; (2) : ( ) % % 17.55% 1 197
14 1 2014 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.14No.1 October2014 * 1987 2006 8 20 1.34 74.68% (Murphyetal. 1989) (Golinetal.2002) (Restucciaetal.2008) Headey (2011) (1994 2005 ) (1992 1998 ) (1982 1990 )
1012 ( ) 11,,, 13% ( 280 / ),,,,,,,,,,,, 211, 12%,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,
11 3 2012 4 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.11,No.3 April,2012 *, 13% ( 280 / ),,,,, (Shea,2000;Behrman androsenzweig,2002;caseetal.,2002;plug,2004;blacketal.,2005; ChenandLi,2009),,,, ( 1999 2009, 293%),,,,
% 82. 8% You & Kobayashi % 2007 %
202 2 * 5. 6 995 2008 0 2008 28% Meng 2003 2000 2009 9. 4% 47% 200 % 2% 20% 50% Gruber & Yelowitz 999 Engen & Gruber 200 Chou et al. 2003 200 200 200 Brown et al. 200 2003 2003 2006 2006 * 00084 wubzh@
120 ( ) 12 (ModiglianiandBrumberg1954) Romer(1986) Lucas(1988) (Vanzonand Muysken2001) ( 樑 2009) (Laddand Murray2001) (Poterba1998) (Boucekkinee
12 1 2012 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12No.1 October2012 * ; 20 1 2030 2 : GDP 2010 83080 2009 21.3%; 2011 1727.58 16.3% 2010 * : 430072; :18672785588;E-mail:heqiweiming@163.com : ( :70973091) (
1 84% 40 73% %(2015 ) (2015 ) (2012 ) 20 60% : :1 ;2 3 ;3 ;4 ;5 3 ;6 ; ; : :(1) ( 2013
2016 10 * : CHIP2002 2007 2008 2013 OLG : 12% ~13% 16% ~17% 12% ~ 20% 5% ~6% Logit : 2015 2.77 1.69 1 ( 2011; 2014; 2015) 16%~20%(Chenetal2015) ( 2005 2014;Xu & Xie2015; 2015) 2003 28 1 (2004-2020 ) (2015-2040)(
农业发展中的性别参与和土地经营
Working Paper Series No.20 2002 6 1997 1978-2000 28.1% 15.9% 2000 63.8 50% 80 90 1997 1 1997 8.74 71.39% 9 83.4% 30 2% 4.51 51.63% 4.23 48.37% 106.7( 2.1) 2.1-0.5 100 110 110 105 0.2 20 105 8 10 100 2.1
~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y
* 35 4 2011 7 Vol. 35 No. 4 July 2011 3 Population Research 1950 ~ 1981 The Estimation Method and Its Application of Cohort Age - specific Fertility Rates Wang Gongzhou Hu Yaoling Abstract Based on the
1002 ( ) 13,,, OLS,, ( ),,, Ashenfeilterand Krueger (1994) Ashenfeilterand Rouse (1998) 2, 1991, 149, :, ( ),, OLS( OLS), : OLS 8.4%,9.2%, 16.7%,,,,,
133 2014 4 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.13,No.3 April,2014 * 16 35, OLS :,, OLS 14%,, 6% OLS,,,,,, 2090,2000 9% (,2004) 1, Mincer OLS, (Card,1999),,,, ( OLS ), ( ) OLS,, ( ), (Ashenfeilter androuse,1998)
614 ( ) 11 Naughton (1988) Bo (1998) Su andyang (2000) Xu (2011) LiandZhou (2005) (2007) Huang (1996) SuandYang (2000)
11 2 2012 1 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.11No.2 January2012 * 1985 2007 (2007) (2007) (2007) (20082009) Xu (2011) ( ) * 985 ; ; 985 : 600 200433; :13564812081;E-mail:zpwhu@163.com 985 ( :2011SHKXZD003)
(Fuetal2016) (Milosch2014) % 60% ( 2010; 2011; 2014) ( ) 3 (Fairlie & Krashinshy2006; 2014) (Blau & Kahn2007;Fogli& Veldkamp2011;Ramirez & Rube
2016 11 * CHNS : CHNS : 1% 0.08 0.15 : etal2010) 2010-2040 9000 10% 2 1990 81.90% 2010 9.71% 72.19% 11.42% 4.62% 1 & Eswaran2009) ( 2010;Alfano 20 90 ( 2004; 2010) 13.1% 10.5%( 2014;Fangetal2015) ( 2010)
,, (18 ) , , % ,,; (3) ,a 100 %,b, 6 (, ),c , , , 2000 ; (4),2
31 1 2007 1 Vol131, No11 January 2007 19 Population Research 1990 1990,, 2000, 1990,2000 0 9 ; 2000 0 9 1991 2000, 1990,1991,, 1990 1. 7 1. 8 : ; ;,:100872 1 30, 1980, 1990,, 1990,, 1990, 1990, 1. 8, 2000
Wei& Zhang (2011) (OLG) : (2) η ( ) w( η ) w ( η ) >0 w ( η ) <0 λ( η ) (CGSS2013) λ ( η ) >0 λ ( η ) >0 (3) u(c) (n) (4) ( ) i (5) (1)(2) (Aldrich &
* : : : ; ; : 2009;Khayesi& George2011) (Khayesi& George2011) (Haltiwangeretal2013; McMilan & Woodruf2002;Banerjee & Newman 1993) 1/4 (Aldrich & Ruef2006) 2014 (Ruefetal2003; Georgeetal2016; 2014;Khavuletal
% %! # % & ( ) % # + # # % # # & & % ( #,. %
!!! # #! # % & % %! # % & ( ) % # + # # % # # & & % ( #,. % , ( /0 ) %, + ( 1 ( 2 ) + %, ( 3, ( 123 % & # %, &% % #, % ( ) + & &% & ( & 4 ( & # 4 % #, #, ( ) + % 4 % & &, & & # / / % %, &% ! # #! # # #
CHIPS Oaxaca - Blinder % Sicular et al CASS Becker & Chiswick ~ 2000 Becker & Chiswick 196
2015 3 179 2015 5 Comparative Economic & Social Systems No. 3 2015 May 2015 2001 ~ 2011 F812 A 1003-3947 2015 03-0020-14 Wu & Perloff 2004 Benjamin et al. 2004 Sicular et al. 2007 1998 2003 40% 1985 2.
1094 ( ) ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Oates,1999),,,, (grabbing hand) (helpinghand),, (2002) 3,, (2007) 4, Wangetal.(2011) (2012) 5 (2009) 6,,,,, 3 Hilman
14 3 2015 4 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.14,No.3 April,2015 * 1999 2010,,,,,,,,,, 1982,,,,,,,,,, (,2007 1 ;,2009 2 ), *, ;, ; :, 600,200433; :15210597096 ;E-mail:tzb0905@ fudan.edu.cn 1,,,2007 1, 74
35 2 2011 3 Vol. 35 No. 2 March 2011 83 Population Research * 2 100872 Birth Interval between First and Second Child and Its Policy Implications Liu Shuang Zou Mingru Abstract Using data of international
3 : : 63,,,,,,,, 1903,,, 1904, (, ), [5 ],,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P191 192),,,,,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P192 193),,,,,, 1904,,,,,,,,,,, 1900,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ; (
![3 : : 63,,,,,,,, 1903,,, 1904, (, ), [5 ],,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P191 192),,,,,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P192 193),,,,,, 1904,,,,,,,,,,, 1900,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ; (](/thumbs/42/22942219.jpg "3 : : 63,,,,,,,, 1903,,, 1904, (, ), [5 ],,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P191 192),,,,,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P192 193),,,,,, 1904,,,,,,,,,,, 1900,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ; (")
40 3 2003 5 () Journal of Peking University( Philo sophy and Social Science s) Vol. 40, No. 3 May, 2003 : (, 100871) :,,, 20,, 1907 : ; ; ; : I20615 :A :100025919 (2003) 0320062213,,,,,,, 1898 ( ), [ 1
264 ( ) 15 ( ),, (Timmeretal.,1983;,1999;Abler,2010) 3 1,, ( ) ;Bennet,, (Timmeretal.,1983) Bennet,,, ;,, 21,,,, 20,, , QUAIDS-QUAIDS 24,,
15 1 2015 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.15,No.1 October,2015 1* 2000 2010 31, QUAIDS-QUAIDS,,,,,,,,, DOI 10.13821/j.cnki.ceq.2015.04.12 30,, 1 2 1990, 1990 1510 2010 7361, 7.8%;, 694 1374, 3.7%, 1990
494 ( ) 12 (reversal) % (Berstein1984) : (Yang 1996;KungandLin2003); (KungandChen2011) LinandYang (2000)
12 2 2013 1 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12No.2 January2013 范子英石慧 * 摘要 1958 : 1959 1960 关键词 一 引 言 1959 1961 (2005) 71% 37.1% (1957 ) (20062007) ;Mengetal.(2010) 1959 * ; : 1037 430074; :18672961981;E-mail:ivannj@163.com
6 ( ) 44 periodofearninginteruption. Thissystem has many problems.firstofalthereistheproblem of fragmentation. The participantsaregradedaccordingtothe
44 4 2014 7 ( ) JournalofZhejiangUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences) Vol.44No.4 July2014 : DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.2014.05.271 何文炯 1 杨一心 2 王璐莎 3 徐琳 4 (1. 310058;2. ;3. 310058;4. 211100) [ ] +
third in 20 years. The student population will be in the range of million before Keywords education age population family planning
2017 6 225 POPULATION & ECONOMICS No. 6 2017 Tot. No. 225 100028 1982 2015 12849. 16 2035 9114. 74 2015 3700 1 /3 2020 2015 2020 3000 4000 C921 G465 DOI 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1000-4149. 2017. 06. 008 A 1000-4149
~ ~
* 40 4 2016 7 Vol. 40 No. 4 July 2016 35 Population Research 2014 1 2016 2016 9101. 0 40 49. 6% 2017 ~ 2021 1719. 5 160 ~ 470 100872 Accumulated Couples and Extra Births under the Universal Tw o-child
1456 ( ) 11, 3,,,, 4,,, ,, :,,,,,,, 2011, 70%, 30%,,,,,,,, 5 10,,,, 3, :Cardand Krueger (1992) 4,,, 5,,, (2006), (2007),, (2006),
11 4 2012 7 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.11,No.4 July,2012 *,,,,,, 20 80, 90 (2009), 1403, 8 1, 3 1126, 2,, * :, 111 715,200433; :(021)65903487;E-mail:shuaizhang.feng@gmail.com ( :70803029),211, 1, 2
DID 13. 0% 20. 2% 12. 6% 30 1 Leland 1968 Zeldes 1989 Zeldes 1989 Carroll Skinner 1987 Zhang & Wan
2012 7! 2007 2008 13. 0% 20. 2% 12. 6% 2008 1 1990 2007 2010 2000 2007 20% 25% 2007 2010 80 1999 2007 2008 1 1999 2007 * 610074 zangwenbin@ gmail. com 100871 ggliu@ unc. edu 100871 xufei0505@ hotmail.
引言
上 海 市 进 出 口 贸 易 总 额 影 响 因 素 分 析 杨 瑾 1 2 冯 宇 辉 1. 同 济 大 学 经 济 与 管 理 学 院, 上 海,20009 2. 中 铁 建 电 气 化 局 集 团 轨 道 交 通 器 材 有 限 公 司, 常 州, 江 苏,213179 摘 要 : 进 出 口 贸 易 总 额 是 衡 量 一 个 地 区 经 济 发 展 速 度 的 重 要 指 标, 本 文
2016 6 31 2016 6 138 SOUTH CHINA POPULATION No.6 2016 Vol. 31 General No. 138 1,2 1 (1 100081 2 130012) 31 C92-05 A 1004-1613 2016 06-0040-17 1992 1980 / 2016 2006 2016-10-21, 40 1956 8 6 1997 1957 3 8
Basten & Siegenthaler(2013) ( ) ( 2011) (Ok- kerse2008) : ; (Meng2012) Peri& Sparber(2009) ( 2005) % ( ) 23% 2% (
* :20 80 2002 2007 (CHIP) 10% 3.19 : 1978 ( 2003) ( 2014) (perfectsubstitutes) 20 80 1989 ( 2004) 20 (2000 ) (2010 ) 1995-2000 1.02 3228.21 ;2005-2010 2.21 5499.39 (comple- ment) 30 * :401120 :cgcqu@126.com
:,,,, ;,,,,, Becker Tomes(1986), ( ), ( ),, ;,,,, , (CNHS) , ( ),CHNS,, CHNS :CHNS,, 30 %, 30 %, 30 % (1992),
2006 9 3 : CHNS, 90, ;, ;,1997 2000, :,, 30 % :,, 90,? :??,, 3, :100875 :xingchunbing @gsm. pku. edu. cn ;,,, 6 (,2006) CHNS, 1989 1409, 650 ; 582 402 162, 1072 1256 1325, 90 (1991 1993 ), (, 2006) (transition
332 ( ) 12 1,, (Peng,2004) Peng (2004) 20 90,, Peng,,, Peng,, (CGSS2005) ,,, ;,,Peng (2004) ;,,,, : ; ; ;,,, ; ; Peng (2004), 1, (2003), (2000
12 1 2012 10 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12,No.1 October,2012 * (CGSS2005)400 4000, : (1) (2),, (3),,,,,, (,1991;,1992;,2000), (Tsai,2007;,2011) (,2010) (Thurston,1998;,2001;,1998;, 2004) (,2009),,,,
970 ( ) 13,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,, %, 9% 1%, 1%, 0.3%, 0.8% 1, 32.1%,,,,, :,,,,, /,, / ; /,,,, /, / 1 htp://www.51labour.com/zhu
13 3 2014 4 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.13,No.3 April,2014 * /, 1, 0.6%, 0.6%,, 1, 0.7%, 1 0.8%,,,,, (GruberandKrueger,1990):, ;,,, Summers (1989),,,,,,, *, ;, ;, :, 555#,610074; : 13096385529;E-mail:shuangma@swufe.edu.cn
( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12,No.4 July,2013 李郇洪国志黄亮雄 * 摘要,,,,, 关键词,, 一 引 言,,,,, , 5,, 30,,,,,,,,,, *, ;, :, 135 D214,510
12 4 2013 7 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12No.4 July2013 李郇洪国志黄亮雄 * 摘要 关键词 一 引 言 2010 3 28 4 1 5 30 * ; : 135 D214510275; :15989259527;E-mail:hongguozhi@ foxmail.com ( :4087106641271138) 1142 ( ) 12
标题
文化创新蓝皮书 24 山东省文化产业发展政策支撑体系探究 张胜冰 张 欣 摘 要: 近年来, 山东省把发展文化产业作为加快建设经济文化强省的 重大举措, 通过加快推进文化体制改革, 加大政策资金扶持力度等方式, 大 力促进文化产业发展并取得显著成效 在文化产业发展过程中, 山东省逐步 建立并不断完善具有自身特色的文化产业发展政策支撑体系, 在政府的统一 规划指导下, 依靠一系列符合山东文化产业发展实际需求的政策措施,
World Economic Papers October, 2013 * % * gmail. com
203 5 World Economic Papers October, 203 * 5 0 2009 20 4. % 203 2005 499 * E-mail sunsanbai@ gmail. com 5 2 00026 20309 203 5 7 20 Clark et al. 2009 Sloane 2000 Bender 2006 Campbell 20 202 Card et al.
( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12,No.4 July,2013 黄新飞舒元郑华懋 * 摘要,, , :, , 0.2% 关键词,, 一 引 言,,,,, Young (2000) Quarterly J
12 4 2013 7 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12No.4 July2013 黄新飞舒元郑华懋 * 摘要 2004 2007 25 : 45.9 6.6 0.2% 关键词 一 引 言 Young (2000) Quarterly Journal of Economics : 1978 1997 * ; ; : 135 510275; : 13640722210;E-mail:huangxf3@mail.sysu.edu.cn
:,,,,,, : 1990,,?,,,,, 2000 (,2004) :1990,,,,,2000, (,2008),,,,,,,,, 1990,,,, 4, 10, ( ) 90,,,,, 2000,,, ,2000,, % % ;,
2009 8 3 :,, CHIP,,, 12 %,,,,, :,,,,1990,,,,,, 2000 6213 % 2007 4818 %,,, 2007 17, 69 %, ( Duesenbery Friedman Modigliani Hall ),, ( Leland,1968 ;Miller,1976 ; Kimball,1990 ), NLS PSID, ( Caballero, 1991
(2013) ( 2012; 2013) (2017) (2012) (2015) (1) ;(2) (PSM) (SEM) ( ) ; ; ; ( 2015) 1. (ConstantElasticityofSubstitution CES) Y t = [α(a Lt L t )
* 1998-2011 13864 61755 9.67% 14.24% 1 ; (Murphyetal1993;Guelec & vanpotelsberghe2003; 2016) ; (Lach2000; 2009; 2016; 2017) * 116025 tongbinzhang@ 126.com; 116025 1040990133@qq.commary0526413 @163.com
: ( ) :5.% 6.% 0.5% ; 6 : SarahCookand Xiao-yuan Dong Harsh Choices:Chinese Women'sPaid Workand UnpaidCareResponsibilitiesunderE
: : : / ( 5075); / ( 5075) 9 (5ZDA050) : : 07 : ( ) 0 5 06 :5.% 6.% 0.5% ; 6 :07 06 6 7 5 6 7 SarahCookand Xiao-yuan Dong Harsh Choices:Chinese Women'sPaid Workand UnpaidCareResponsibilitiesunderEconomicReform
Maxwell [8] GDP Lipschitz McDonald [9] ULC [10] HBS [11] [12] [13] BIS IMF JP JP VAR [5] 1 W i = xi n Σx i k=1 1 4 Vol.24
![Maxwell [8] GDP Lipschitz McDonald [9] ULC [10] HBS [11] [12] [13] BIS IMF JP JP VAR [5] 1 W i = xi n Σx i k=1 1 4 Vol.24](/thumbs/93/111949690.jpg "Maxwell [8] GDP Lipschitz McDonald [9] ULC [10] HBS [11] [12] [13] BIS IMF JP JP VAR [5] 1 W i = xi n Σx i k=1 1 4 Vol.24")
1,2 1,3 (1., 100190; 2., 100052; 3., 100190),,, CPI ; ; ; [1] 2005 7 21 [2] [3] [4] Turnovsky [5] McGuirk [6] IMF 17 San [7] 2011-01-15 (70950002); (GX2011-1001Z), ;,, MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.24 No.0920123
Jul Journal of Chinese Women's Studies No. 4 Ser. No. 148 * CFPS 2010 C A Where does the Ti
2018 7 Jul. 2018 4 148 Journal of Chinese Women's Studies No. 4 Ser. No. 148 * 210023 CFPS 2010 C913. 68 A 1004-2563 2018 04-0019-14 Where does the Time Go Gender Differences in Time Use over the Life
M 2 ΠGDP (1996) M2ΠGDP (2000) (2000) (2001) (2001) (2001) (2002) (2002) (2002) (2003) (2001) (2005) (2005) (2006) (2004) M2ΠGDP ; M2ΠGDP ; M2ΠG
3 2006 GDP 1017 % (CPI) 115 % 2005 (Pagano 1993 ; King and Levin 1993 ;Rajan and Zingales 1998 ; 2001) (1984) (1989) (1992) (1992) (2005) M2 (1996 1997) (2000) ; (2002) (2006) ( ) 3 ( 06&ZD004-01) 4 2007
150,, 1,, ;,, ( ),,,,, : 1992,,1992,,,, ,, :,,, 3,,,,,, (, ) 1992, , 284.,1993. ( ), [2001]14
![150,, 1,, ;,, ( ),,,,, : 1992,,1992,,,, ,, :,,, 3,,,,,, (, ) 1992, , 284.,1993. ( ), [2001]14](/thumbs/91/104998500.jpg "150,, 1,, ;,, ( ),,,,, : 1992,,1992,,,, ,, :,,, 3,,,,,, (, ) 1992, , 284.,1993. ( ), [2001]14")
3 1 ChinaJournalofEconomics Vol.3,No.1:149-178 March2016 1 : 2, 3 4,, GDP,,,,,, : ( ) ; ( ); ; ; DOI:10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20160314.001 0, 20 80,, 1 1989 2, : 1 (71473089) (WT1410) (2014ssxm61) ; 2,,,E-mail:d
Alexander & Wyeth Dercon 1995 ECM - Johansen Goodwin 1992 VEC Asche 1999 Gonzalez 2001 ECM Goodwin
2012 3 * 0. 20 0. 36 0. 05 2006 2010 1. 46 / 2. 14 / 2. 93 / 4. 41 / 1. 27 / 2. 12 / 47% 50% 67% 2006 1 3. 48 / 2010 11 5. 84 / 68% 1 2010 CPI 70% 2006 2006 1 106. 06 2008 6 188. 02 77. 3% 2010 11 173.
中国金融体系运行效率分析（提纲）
20 90 6 1...1 1.1...1 1.1.1...1 1.1.2...3 1.2...6 1.2.1...6 1.2.2...7 2...8 2.1...9 2.1.1...9 2.1.2...11 2.2...13 2.2.1...13 2.2.2...15 2.3...17 2.3.1...17 2.3.2...20 3...21 3.1...22 3.1.1...22 3.1.2...25
Oates U
2018 3 94 233030 30 20002015 F061. 5 F062. 1 A 1671-9301 2018 03-0053-11 DOI:10.13269/j.cnki.ier.2018.03.005 1 1994 2018-02-22 2018-04-26 1981 13&ZD025 1708085MG172 KJ2018A0442 2017ZD003 53 2 3 4 5 Oates
股权结构对董事会结构的影响
1 a b (Boycko, Shleifer, and Vishny, 1996) (Barberis et al, 1996) (Shleifer, 1998) (Megginson and Netter 2001) 1 70432002/G02 a b 1 (Megginson and Netter 2001) Hermalin and Weisbach, 2001 Williamson 1975
(),,,,;, , (Π, ), , , 5162 %, U , ,,1992, , : ;
: 3 :,,,,,, : : 1992 6,,1992 2003, 8156 %,,: (1) ; (2) () ; (3),, (1994) (2004) 267, (2004), (2005) (2005),1992 2002,,,,,, :, ;; 3,, : gunaihua @126. com ;,, :510275, :lijf @scnu. edu. cn ( :05BJL015)
! # % & # % & ( ) % % %# # %+ %% % & + %, ( % % &, & #!.,/, % &, ) ) ( % %/ ) %# / + & + (! ) &, & % & ( ) % % (% 2 & % ( & 3 % /, 4 ) %+ %( %!
! # # % & ( ) ! # % & # % & ( ) % % %# # %+ %% % & + %, ( % % &, & #!.,/, % &, ) ) ( % %/ ) 0 + 1 %# / + & + (! ) &, & % & ( ) % % (% 2 & % ( & 3 % /, 4 ) %+ %( %! # ( & & 5)6 %+ % ( % %/ ) ( % & + %/
368 ( ) 11 : 4% (=1721/41674) : 1 8, 1721, ( ),, (thepenn WorldTable, PWT), PWT PWT PWT (Summersand Heston,1991) 2010,PWT (htp://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/)
11 2 20121 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.11,No.2 January,2012 RobertC.Feenstra * 2005 50%, 2013 2012, IF 2016,, (PWT) 20114, (IF), 2016, 2011 11.3 2016 18.7 ;, 15 18.3 1,2016, 18%, 17.7% 2, 2016 3, :
(2005 (2006, (2006 ( , ( ,,,,,, ( (ASFR ASFR : x, B x x, P f x x (1 (2 4,, , 2 1 :, 1 2, 20-29
2011 5 26 ( 107 SOUTH CHINA POPULATION No.5 2011 Vol. 26 General No. 107 * (, 430073 [ ] 5490 (TFR, 1985, TFR,, 1985-2008 ; 2009-2014, 2015 Logit, : [ ] ; ; ; Logit [] C92-05 [] A [ ] 1004-1613 (2011 05-0034-09
) & ( +,! (# ) +. + / & 6!!!.! (!,! (! & 7 6!. 8 / ! (! & 0 6! (9 & 2 7 6!! 3 : ; 5 7 6! ) % (. ()
! # % & & &! # % &! ( &! # )! ) & ( +,! (# ) +. + / 0 1 2 3 4 4 5 & 6!!!.! (!,! (! & 7 6!. 8 / 6 7 6 8! (! & 0 6! (9 & 2 7 6!! 3 : ; 5 7 6! ) % (. () , 4 / 7!# + 6 7 1 1 1 0 7!.. 6 1 1 2 1 3
362 人 文 及 社 會 科 學 集 刊 響 首 先, 父 母 親 對 於 生 兒 子 的 偏 好, 可 能 會 使 得 性 別 比 例 失 衡 諾 貝 爾 經 濟 學 獎 得 主 Amartya Sen 在 1990 年 曾 發 表 一 篇 名 為 More Than 100 Million W
人 文 及 社 會 科 學 集 刊 第 二 十 七 卷 第 二 期 (104/6), pp. 361 393 父 母 對 子 女 教 育 投 資 的 性 別 差 異 以 就 學 貸 款 為 例 361 C 中 央 研 究 院 人 文 社 會 科 學 研 究 中 心 父 母 對 子 女 教 育 投 資 的 性 別 差 異 * 以 就 學 貸 款 為 例 卜 少 平 國 立 臺 灣 大 學 經 濟 研
untitled
Economics of Education Research (Beida) Institute of Economics of Education, Peking University 2 3 4 2004 9 2 3 4 Economics of Education Research (Beida) 2004 9 2 2 3 4 Economics of Education Research
,,,,,,, :,,,,, ;,,,,,, : N = Y pr, dn N = dy Y - dpr pr, Y, N, pr,, (1),, ( : / ) :,, : t pr = e 1980 t = 1,t 9
() FUDAN JOURNAL (Social Sciences) 2005 5 No. 5 2005 (, 200433) [ ] 2005 2010, :,10-12 %,300 600,, :,;, [] [] C913. 2 ;F127 [] A [ ] 0257 0289 (2005) 05 0202 011,, 1980 1990,1988 2500,1995 8000,2003 9820
3 : 133, 1,,, (,2008), (,2003),,,, (Yew Zhang,2009;2013),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (Barr,2002;,2004),,,,, ;,,, 2 1,, 2,,
2018 12 3 QuarterlyJournalofFinance Vol.12 No.3 2018 *,,,, ; GDP( GDP), ; 2000 2015,,,, 1978,, 1997 ( ), ( 1997 26 ), 2005,, (,2007a), 2002,, *, ;, ; :, 135 ;Email:qiuhp@mail2.sysu.edu.cn, :510275 (71774180),
, & % # & # # & % & + # & # # # & # % #,
! # #! % # & # & & ( ( # ) % , & % # & # # & % & + # & # # # & # % #, # % % # % # ) % # % % # % # # % # % # + # % ( ( # % & & & & & & % & & # % # % & & % % % . % # / & & # 0 ) & # % & % ( # # & & & # #
United Nations ~ ~ % 2010
42 3 2018 5 Vol. 42 No. 3 May 2018 38 Population Research 2014 60 3% ~ 4% 10% 60 +
15:30-18:00 15:30-18:00 分 会 场 2: 信 息 管 理 分 会 场 3: 电 子 商 务 2-1: 平 台 战 略 异 质 性 与 绩 效 - 基 于 电 影 产 业 的 实 证 研 究 万 兴 杨 晶 ( 南 京 财 经 大 学 ) 2-2: 排 他 性 支 付 工 具
2015 中 国 信 息 经 济 学 会 学 术 年 会 议 程 表 北 京 北 京 邮 电 大 学 2015 年 10 月 31 日 -11 月 1 日 2015 年 10 月 30 日 ( 周 五 ) 时 间 主 题 地 点 联 系 人 15:00-20:00 会 议 报 到 北 京 德 宝 饭 店 ( 大 堂 ) 郭 龙 飞 北 京 邮 电 大 学 17:30-:19:15 接 待 晚 餐 (
JOURNAL OF NANJING UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS Wild t % 50% 15% % 19 17%
( ) 2017 4 ( 206 ) 361005,,,, Wild t,,, ; ; ; Wild F062. 6 A 1672-6049 2017 04-0036-11 1-2 3-4 Persson and Zhuravskaya 5 Li and Zhou 6 4 7 8 Opper et al. 9 10 GDP 2017-04-20 2017-06-05 1988 36 JOURNAL
1262 ( ) 13,, (Qianetal.,1997;Jinetal.,2005) :,,, GDP, (, ;, ;, ;, ),,, (, ),, ( ),, ( ),,, ( ), (, ) 2002,,,,,,,
13 4 2014 7 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.13,No.4 July,2014 陈思霞 卢盛峰 * 摘要, :,, ; 关键词, 一 引 言, 20,,, :1995 2010 35%, 0.5% 1,,,, (Musgrave,1959; Oates,1972),, *, ;, :,,430073; :13476076356;E-mail:sixia chen02@126.com
Ζ # % & ( ) % + & ) / 0 0 1 0 2 3 ( ( # 4 & 5 & 4 2 2 ( 1 ) ). / 6 # ( 2 78 9 % + : ; ( ; < = % > ) / 4 % 1 & % 1 ) 8 (? Α >? Β? Χ Β Δ Ε ;> Φ Β >? = Β Χ? Α Γ Η 0 Γ > 0 0 Γ 0 Β Β Χ 5 Ι ϑ 0 Γ 1 ) & Ε 0 Α
111 OF
Southwest Associated University and Middle School Teacher Training in Yunnan Wen Liming National 8 1938 1939 OF Abstract: As the largest university in China during the war with Japan, the National Southwest
目 录 一 道 德 评 价... 1 二 学 术 评 价 总 体 要 求 内 容 范 式 形 式 范 式... 7 三 政 治 评 价 坚 守 阵 地 作 用 突 出 引 领 作 用 * * * * *
中 国 工 业 经 济 投 稿 ( 修 改 ) 指 南 中 国 工 业 经 济 二 〇 一 六 年 五 月 目 录 一 道 德 评 价... 1 二 学 术 评 价... 3 1. 总 体 要 求... 3 2. 内 容 范 式... 4 3. 形 式 范 式... 7 三 政 治 评 价... 19 1. 坚 守 阵 地 作 用... 19 2. 突 出 引 领 作 用... 20 * * * *
! /. /. /> /. / Ε Χ /. 2 5 /. /. / /. 5 / Φ0 5 7 Γ Η Ε 9 5 /
! # %& ( %) & +, + % ) # % % ). / 0 /. /10 2 /3. /!. 4 5 /6. /. 7!8! 9 / 5 : 6 8 : 7 ; < 5 7 9 1. 5 /3 5 7 9 7! 4 5 5 /! 7 = /6 5 / 0 5 /. 7 : 6 8 : 9 5 / >? 0 /.? 0 /1> 30 /!0 7 3 Α 9 / 5 7 9 /. 7 Β Χ9
<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D20A661B0ECAE74B2A7AABAA4A4B0EAB941A7F8B0F2C2A6B1D0A87C2E646F63>
Hong Kong Teachers Centre Journal 香 港 教 師 心 報, Vol. 2 Hong Kong Teachers Centre 2004 地 域 差 異 的 中 國 農 村 基 礎 教 育 發 展 與 香 港 的 教 育 投 資 援 助 容 萬 城 香 港 浸 會 大 學 教 育 學 系 教 育 經 濟 學 者 們 重 視 教 育 的 經 濟 價 值, 在 眾 多 的
Griliches(1980) U Segerstrom(1991) (2015) Carboni(2011) [ ] Aerts & Schmidt (2008) (CIS Iand IV) (2013) ( ) ; (2013) ; (2
![Griliches(1980) U Segerstrom(1991) (2015) Carboni(2011) [ ] Aerts & Schmidt (2008) (CIS Iand IV) (2013) ( ) ; (2013) ; (2](/thumbs/91/105338250.jpg "Griliches(1980) U Segerstrom(1991) (2015) Carboni(2011) [ ] Aerts & Schmidt (2008) (CIS Iand IV) (2013) ( ) ; (2013) ; (2")
* : 2005-2007 0 0.0214 1% 26.58% : 1% 10%~ 15% 2015 (R&D) ( 600 ) 10 R&D 2.08% 2013 R&D 11846.6 13.07% 8837.7 R&D 74.6% 2013 R&D : * :100871 :nk94zhang@pku.edu.cn; :100871 :jiayingliukate@pku.edu.cnhezonghui@pku.edu.cn
中国法学院的法律技能教育短缺
中 国 法 律 技 能 教 育 的 制 度 分 析 An Institutional Inquiry into Legal Skills Education in China 苏 力 * [Abstract] With a brief introduction of state of the legal skills training in contemporary China s law schools,
WTO GDP 9.4% GDP 8.1% , , % 15.7% ( 1999) (GATT)
WTO 1 WTO (1) (2) (3) WTO (4) WTO (5) WTO (6) WTO WTO 1 yangihsun@yahoo.com.tw 1 WTO 1979 1979 2003 GDP 9.4% GDP 8.1% 2003 8512.1 4,383.7 4,128.4 1978 97.5 108.9 25 16.4% 15.7% 2003 2 20 1 2 3 4 5 ( 1999)
3 L K Y Y t =A t F L t K t 1 A 1 15~ UN % 65 7% 55
2010 2008 3 1851 2006 2010 2000 54 3 L K Y Y t =A t F L t K t 1 A 1 15~64 2005 2 2010 2025 UN 2008 1 1 1 2 60 10% 65 7% 55 2010 Y t =A t L t K α 1- t α 2 y y t =α l t + 1- α k t +a t 3 l k a 1985 2010
2009 10 Bairoch,1930 1999) (Angus Maddison,1926 ) (Bairoch, 1976, 1981), 1960,1800 324, 220, 228 ;1840 206, 447, 310, 178 (1993) (1988) Peter Brecke (
:1600 1840 1600 1840 3 :, 1600 1840 GDP, GDP, 1600, GDP 415 ( 1990 388 ), 1840 314 (1600, 1990 318 ) 1600 1840, GDP 55 %, 0118 %, GDP 25 %, - 0112 % : GDP 20,,,,, (,1998 ;,2001),,, ( GDP) GDP,, 1600 1840
,!! #! > 1? = 4!! > = 5 4? 2 Α Α!.= = 54? Β. : 2>7 2 1 Χ! # % % ( ) +,. /0, , ) 7. 2
! # %!% # ( % ) + %, ). ) % %(/ / %/!! # %!! 0 1 234 5 6 2 7 8 )9!2: 5; 1? = 4!! > = 5 4? 2 Α 7 72 1 Α!.= = 54?2 72 1 Β. : 2>7 2 1 Χ! # % % ( ) +,.
92
* ** ** 9 92 % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 990 2000 200 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 200 978 979 980 98 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990
(New Economics of Labor Migration NELM Taylor Martin (2001) ) NELM NELM 2 ( 2007; 2000) (1) 3 U=U(x wa x wm x wl ;x ha x hm x hl ) U'>0U''<0 (1) ( 200
( ) 2009 7 * 3 30 1 2 (Unitary Model) (Collective Model)( 2001) Alain de Janvry (1991) Huffman(198019912001) Ahituv Kimhi(2006) Malathy Duraisamy(2002) Chiappori(199819922002) * (07&ZD025) (20080440007)
/ / /
G257.2 Booklists Recommended to Freshmen in the Reading Promotion of University Libraries Wang Bo Peking University Library, Beijing 100871, China Abstract Based on Peking University Library s practice
untitled
(19) * ** 2001-2007 panel data logistic logistic regression model factor analysisprinciple component analysis 1997 * ** (20) 1998 1990 陸 2001 WTOworld trade organization 臨 2000 11 24 2001 6 27 (21) 2000
Microsoft Word - 1653.doc
云 南 产 业 竞 争 力 发 展 现 状 研 究 张 锦 鹏 1, 苏 常 青 (1. 云 南 大 学 西 南 边 疆 少 数 民 族 研 究 中 心 ;2. 云 南 艺 术 学 院 ) 摘 要 : 通 过 产 量 指 标 综 合 指 标 和 关 联 性 指 标 对 云 南 产 业 竞 争 力 发 展 状 况 进 行 研 究 结 果 表 明, 云 南 省 产 业 具 有 比 较 竞 争 优 势 的
! # %& ( %! & & + %!, ( Α Α Α Α Χ Χ Α Χ Α Α Χ Α Α Α Α
Ε! # % & ( )%! & & + %!, (./ 0 1 & & 2. 3 &. 4/. %! / (! %2 % ( 5 4 5 ) 2! 6 2! 2 2. / & 7 2! % &. 3.! & (. 2 & & / 8 2. ( % 2 & 2.! 9. %./ 5 : ; 5. % & %2 2 & % 2!! /. . %! & % &? & 5 6!% 2.
by industrial structure evolution from 1952 to 2007 and its influence effect was first acceleration and then deceleration second the effects of indust
2011 2 1 1 2 3 4 1. 100101 2. 100124 3. 100039 4. 650092 - - - 3 GDP U 20-30 60% 10% TK01 A 1002-9753 2011 02-0042 - 10 Analysis on Character and Potential of Energy Saving and Carbon Reducing by Structure
2 103 1 1970 ~ 1980 17. 4% 2000 ~ 2008 6. 0% 2005 2010 80 80 80 80 80 80 2011 80 2008 CGSS2008 2 1996 1971 ~ 1979 1980 ~ 1984 1984 ~ 1986 2011 70 1971
37 2 2013 3 Vol. 37 No. 2 March 2013 102 Population Research * 80 后 一 代 视 角 的 研 究 CGSS2008 80 1 80 2 3 46 ~ 55 80 300071 Does Family Planning Policy Reduce People s Sense of Happiness A Post - 80 Generation
Sept Arab World Studies No.5. Paul D. Miller, The Fading Arab Oil Empire, The National Interest, July/August 2012, Number 120, pp. 38-4
2013 9 Sept. 2013 5 Arab World Studies No.5. Paul D. Miller, The Fading Arab Oil Empire, The National Interest, July/August 2012, Number 120, pp. 38-43. 59 IEA 2012 11 2015 2017 2012 9 2012 6 Pramod Kulkarni,
! # % & ( & # ) +& & # ). / 0 ) + 1 0 2 & 4 56 7 8 5 0 9 7 # & : 6/ # ; 4 6 # # ; < 8 / # 7 & & = # < > 6 +? # Α # + + Β # Χ Χ Χ > Δ / < Ε + & 6 ; > > 6 & > < > # < & 6 & + : & = & < > 6+?. = & & ) & >&
3 2, : : %, 74.7% 58.9%, 48.2%, 66%,74%,82%, 75% 1,,ChenandFeng( ,, (2009,, GEM (2007 (2010,,, 5%, 2011,, 1%, 20% (,2011,, Kni
3 2 2016 6 ChinaJournalofEconomics Vol.3,No.2:110-137 June2016 : 1 2 3, (CHFS2011,, 1, 0.4%, 1, 0.2%, 1, 1.16,,, ; ; DOI:10.16513/j.cnki.cje.20160513.001! 30, 2006 360, 2800, 99.6%, 1 (13YJC790108, ( JR201506,
护理10期.indd
广 西 壮 族 自 治 区 护 理 人 力 资 源 配 置 现 状 及 其 公 平 性 研 究 邹 雄 贝 为 武 黄 芳 苏 惠 李 连 凤 [ 摘 要 ] 目 的 : 通 过 对 2 011 年 广 西 壮 族 自 治 区 3 大 经 济 区 域 14 个 辖 市 护 理 人 力 资 源 的 现 状 及 其 配 置 公 平 性 进 行 分 析, 为 卫 生 行 政 部 门 进 一 步 优 化 护
Lewis
2011 6 World Economic Papers December, 2011 * 2005 2010 2005 * 985 email jadeyyx@ 163. com 600 200433 985 email zhangping_4@ sina. com 985 2011SHKXZD003 2011M500711 20110490654 11CJL024 2011 6 33 Lewis
窑 374窑 国 际 生 殖 健 康 / 计 划 生 育 杂 志 2013 年 9 月 第 32 卷 第 5 期 JInt Reprod Health 蛐 Fam Plan,September 2013 熏 Vol. 32 熏 No 统 计 学 方 法 数 据 审 核 后 录 入 计
国 际 生 殖 健 康 / 计 划 生 育 杂 志 2013 年 9 月 第 32 卷 第 5 期 JInt Reprod Health 蛐 Fam Plan,September 2013 熏 Vol. 32 熏 No.5 窑 373窑 生 殖 健 康 与 辅 助 生 殖 技 术 论 著 * 陆 卫 群 朱 江 吟 摘 要 目 的 : 了 解 贵 州 省 少 数 民 族 性 生 活 现 状 并 分
第二部分
中 国 农 通 报 0,7(04):478-48 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 基 于 网 络 平 台 的 生 物 统 计 改 革 及 实 践 效 果 分 析 袁 文, 彭 惠 茹, 张 洪 亮, 刘 文 欣, 华 金 平, 苏 胜 宝, 孔 繁 玲 ( 中 国 农 大 科 技 术 发 展 研 究 院, 北 京 0093; 中 国 农 大 农 与 生 物
49 Schroeder & Aoki 2009 Li Bird & Ebel SSCI Journal of Public Economics Zhang & Zou DC cbe = + 2 DC be =
48 2011 6 158 Shirk 1993 Montinola et al. 1996 1997 2010 2010 10BZZ035 2010 2010R0083 49 Schroeder & Aoki 2009 Li 2010 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bird & Ebel 2006 504 1 SSCI 2 1998 Journal of Public Economics Zhang
! Ν! Ν Ν & ] # Α. 7 Α ) Σ ),, Σ 87 ) Ψ ) +Ε 1)Ε Τ 7 4, <) < Ε : ), > 8 7
![! Ν! Ν Ν & ] # Α. 7 Α ) Σ ),, Σ 87 ) Ψ ) +Ε 1)Ε Τ 7 4, <) < Ε : ), > 8 7](/thumbs/48/24501715.jpg "! Ν! Ν Ν & ] # Α. 7 Α ) Σ ),, Σ 87 ) Ψ ) +Ε 1)Ε Τ 7 4, <) < Ε : ), > 8 7")
!! # & ( ) +,. )/ 0 1, 2 ) 3, 4 5. 6 7 87 + 5 1!! # : ;< = > < < ;?? Α Β Χ Β ;< Α? 6 Δ : Ε6 Χ < Χ Α < Α Α Χ? Φ > Α ;Γ ;Η Α ;?? Φ Ι 6 Ε Β ΕΒ Γ Γ > < ϑ ( = : ;Α < : Χ Κ Χ Γ? Ε Ι Χ Α Ε? Α Χ Α ; Γ ;
1988 Demo & Acock 1988 Demo & Acock Richard & Cynthia % 1996 Feigelman
(Madonna) (Nicole Kidman) (Meg Ryan) (Angelina Jolie) 25 30 2006 2006 1 1988 Demo & Acock 1988 Demo & Acock Richard & Cynthia 1993 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1995 60 33% 1996 Feigelman 2001 2 Fergusson, Lynskey, &
( ) : 20 2 Lerman Yitzhaki 3 Davies Shorrocks Atkinson : ; : : 98 : RobertI.LermanandShlomoYitzhaki IncomeInequalit
郭庆旺 吕冰洋 : : ( 00872); ( 00872) : ( ) ; 20 80 46 (08JZD002) (70736) (NCET--050) ( ) ( ) : 20 2 Lerman Yitzhaki 3 Davies Shorrocks 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.9 4 Atkinson : ; 5 2 3 4 5 : : 98 : 2007 3 RobertI.LermanandShlomoYitzhaki
C doc
No. C2004010 2004-7 No. C2004010 2004 7 16 1 No. C2004010 2004 7 16 2000 1990 1990 2000 ( ),, 2 / 2000 1990 1990 2000 ( ),, (1952-) 100871 It is not Appropriate to Remove the Birth Spacing Policy Now,
, (, ) ABSTRACT Ths paper ntroduces the western theores of dscrmnaton n labor market, ncludng man representatve's theores, ant-dscrmnaton measur
LABOR ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH CENTER ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY WORKING PAPERS SERIES , (, 310027) ABSTRACT Ths paper ntroduces the western theores of dscrmnaton n labor market, ncludng man representatve's
中國能源戰略和能源外交政策
2005 2 16 2012 1 爲 爲 2 EIA 2006 1 2007 80 4 1 Paul Crompton and Yanrui Wu, (2005) 3 13.1 2005 1.18 1.65 4.13 7.97 2005 0.242 2 2020 55 60% 3.5 10 340 750 EIA 2025 1,420 1,090 2005 8 12 ~13 2020 4.5 5 2000
:,, ; (superstition),, : (Bennet& Barth,1973),, , ;,, ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ),Vere (2008), ( ), ( ) ( ) 3 ;,,,2014 ( ) (Hinoeuma) 4,,, 1
: * :,,,,, : 2016 2 29,2015 ( ) 1655, 2014 ( ) 32 1,2016 ( ) 1786 131,,2015 ( ),2015, 2015,23 2014,2,6 1991, 2, (,2003) ( ), 1949-1999 1959-1964, 1967-1968 (,1968 1967 ) 1966-1967 (,1966 1967 ) 1966 (