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1 PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM Cisco HSRP PIM-SM PIM-SM - 1 -

2 PIM-SM Abstract This paper introduces the PIM-SM protocol and some issues about hot swap. After a simple introduce of PIM-SM's background and framework, we put our emphasis on the running flow process of the protocol, try to describe the protocol as a whole by some standard examples of PIM-SM, and seldom involve into the detail of one route's process partially. We also analysis the protocol's feature, compare and contract it with some other multicast protocols, and give some improvement approaches. Then we introduce the theory of Hot Swap and propose its concept and object. After introduce and analysis of the HSRP protocol of Cisco, we rise our own idea, and put forward some schemes for adapting it in PIM-SM protocol. Keyword: Multicast, PIM-SM, Hot Swap - 2 -

3 PIM-SM... 1 Abstract DVMRP MOSPF CBT PIM-DM PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM PIM-SM DR PIM-SM / Join/Prune SPT Assert RP PIM-SM SNMP PIM MIB PIM Trap hot standby or hot swap HSRP PIM-SM

4 PIM-SM - 4 -

5 PIM-SM 1-5 -

6 PIM-SM DVMRP PIM-DM PIM-SM CBT MOSPF - 6 -

7 PIM-SM Class A 0 Subnet ID 7 bits Host ID 24 bits Class B 1 0 Subnet ID Host ID 14 bits 16 bits Class C Subnet ID Host ID 21 bits 8 bits Class D Multicast Group ID 28 bits 1 IP - 7 -

8 PIM-SM DVMRP RIP DVMRP OSPF RIP RIP DVMRP RIP MOSPF - 8 -

9 PIM-SM MOSPF IP MOSPF IP / - 9 -

10 PIM-SM CBT

11 PIM-SM PIM-DM

12 PIM-SM PIM-SM

13 PIM-SM 3PIM-SM 3.1 PIM-SM

14 PIM-SM " " " " " " " " " 3.2 PIM-SM

15 PIM-SM 3.3 DR 3.4 PIM-SM / Join/Prune

16 PIM-SM

17 PIM-SM Host 2.IGMP Host Membership- Report for G Receiver LAN 3.Create (*,G) entry: Multi-addr=G RP-addr=C oif list={1} iif={2} WC-bit=1 RPT-bit=1 1 A 1.IGMP Host- Membership Query 4.Send Join/Prune message to B: Multi-Addr=G Join={C,WCbit,RPTbit} Prune=NULL B PIM DR/IGMP Querier for LAN D 5.Create (*,G) entry:multi addr=g RPaddr=C oif list={1} iif={3} WC-bit=1 RPTbit=1 7.Create (*,G) entry:multi-addr=g RPaddr=C oif list={1} iif=null WC-bit=1 RPT-bit=1 C 6.Send Jion/Prune message to C: Mulit-addr=G Join={C,WCbit,RPTbit} Prune=NULL RP for group G 2 1) IGMP Querier DRA LAN 2) Receive A G IGMP PIM-SM 3) A G *,G RP C RP oif list {1} iif {2} WC-bit1RPT-bit1 *,G iif RP 4) A 2 B Join G Join={C,WC-bit=1,RPT-bit=1} RP *,G Join 5) B A Join *,G RP C oif lis {1} iif {3} WC-bit1RPT-bit1 6) B 3 Join CJoin A 7) RP C B Join *,G RP Coif lis {1} iif NULL WC-bit1RPT-bit1-17 -

18 PIM-SM DR RP Register SPT 2. RP DR SPT S,G SPT DR RP DR SPT

19 PIM-SM RP DR SPT RP Host Receiver(R) LAN(A) 5.If (*,G) state exists then decapsulate Registers and forward packets out oif list of (*,G) 1 A 2 4.Initiate (S,G) packet counter 2.Create (S,G) entry: iif={1} 3.Encapsulate Data packets in Register messages and unicast to RP(C) DR(first hop route) for LAN(B) 2 D LAN(B) 1 10.Update (S,G) entry: add{2} to oif list 1.Data packets for G Source(S) Host 12.When receive Register-Stop:restart Register Suppression timer 6.If Register data rate>threshhold then create (S,G) entry: outgoing interface list=oif list of (*,G)-{2} incoming interface={2} RPTbit=0,SPT-bit=0 1 C RP for group G 2 1 X 2 9.Send Join/Prune message to D: Multicast-Address=G Join={G},Prune=NULL 11.When receive (S,G) unencapsulated packets set SPT-bit for (S,G) entry,and trigger Register-Stop message to D 7.Send Join/Prune message to X: Multicast-Address=G Join={S},Prune=NULL 8.Create (S,G) entry: oif list={1} iif={2} 3 Register RP SPT 1) S G

20 PIM-SM 2) DR SG iif 1 3) DR RP C S Register C 4) C Register S 5) C *G *G 6) C S SPT S,G 2 RP DR oif list oif list of *,G{2} RPT-bit 0SPT-bit0 7) RP C S Join WC-bit = 0,RPT-bit0 S,GJoin 8) X C Join S,G oif list = {1}iif S RPF 2 9) X S Join C 10) S DR D 2 X Join S,G 2 S,G oif list DDR >X>C RP SPT 11) SPT S SPT Register RP RP S,G SPT-bit 1 SPT D Register-Stop D 12) D RP Register-Stop Register Suppression DR Register Suppression DR RP Register

21 PIM-SM 3.6 SPT

22 PIM-SM Host Receiver(R) 1.Receive S's packets on shared RP tree.initiate packet count. If data rate>threshold then: Create (S,G) entry: oif list={1) iif={2} WCbit=0,RPT-bit=0,SPT-bit=0 S-Timer:Started LAN A B DR for LAN 2.Send Join/Prune message to B: Mult-addr=G Join={S} Pruen=NULL 5.Add interface {2} to the oif list of (S,G) entry 4.Send Join/Prune message tod:multi-addr=g Join={S} Prune=NULL 3.Create (S,G) entry: oif list={1} iif={2} WC-bit=1 RPT-bit=1 SPT-bit=0 S-Timer:Started 2 First Hop Router for S D RP for group G Host C 6.After receiving packets from D: Set (S,G)'s SPT-bit=1 and send Join/Prune message to C: Multi-addr=G Join=NULL Prune={S,RPT-bit} Source(S) 7.Create (S,G) entry: oif list=oif(*,g)-{1} RPT-bit=1 2 4 SPT 1) A S,G oif list {1} A S RPF 2 B {2} WC-bit 0 S,G RPT-bit0SPT-bit0 2) A 2 B Join/Prune GJoin={S}Prune NULL S Join S WC-bit 0RPT-bit0 RP S,G Join 3) B A Join Join Join SG WC-bit0RPT-bit0SPT-bit0 4) B 2 D Join/Prune GJoin={S}Prune NULL S WC-bit0RPT-bit0 A B 5) D B Join 2 S,G S SPT D B 6) B D S,G * G S,G iif 2 *G iif 3 B S,G SPT-bit 1 SPT B RP C Prune Prune

23 PIM-SM Join=NULL, Prune={S,RPT-bit=1,WC-bit=0} C S B 7) CRP B Prune S,G *,G oif list 1 oif list= oif*,g {1} RPT-bit 1) SPT 2) RP RP SPT 1) SPT BC B S RP 2) RP RP RP SPT RP

24 PIM-SM 3.7 Assert 5 1) LAN A B C D A B RP A C Join B D Join C D LAN A B RPF C D 2) 5 D C A C SPT SPT DR>B>C S LAN DR>RP>A>D DR>B >C

25 PIM-SM 1) C SPT A B 2 S 2) A B 2 A *,G B S,G A B 2 Assert Preference metric A Preference 1B 0 3) A B Assert A B B Preference PRT 1 S,G RPT-bit *,G oif list S,G oif list 2 S A LAN B A

26 PIM-SM 4) C D A B Assert C, A B S B A RPF B D *,G SG B Assert A Assert *,G RPF 3.8 RP RPPIM-SM PIM-SMRP RP RP G RP RP RP 3.9 PIM-SM SNMP PIM MIB 8 1. PIM piminterfacetable

27 PIM-SM PIM ICMP PIM piminterfaceentry 1) piminterfaceifindex InterfaceIndex PIM 2) piminterfaceaddress IpAddress PIM ip 3) piminterfacenetmask IpAddressPIM ip 4) piminterfacemode INTEGER PIM 5) piminterfacedr IpAddress DR ) piminterfacehellointerval Integer32 hello 7) piminterfacejoinpruneinterval Integer32 Join/Prune 8) piminterfacecbsrpreference Integer32 BSR -1 BSR 9) piminterfacestatus RowStatus,PIM enable or disable 2. PIM pimneighbortable PIM pimneighborentry 1) pimneighboraddress IpAddress PIM IP 2) pimneighborifindex InterfaceIndex PIM piminterfaceifindex 3) pimneighboruptime TimeTicks 4) PimNeighborExpiryTime TimeTicks Neighbour Timer 5) pimneighbormode INTEGER PIM-DM or PIM-SM 3. PIM pimipmroutetable iif PIM entry pimipmrouteentry 1) pimipmrouteupstreamasserttimer TimeTicks Assert Timer 0 Assert RPF 2) pimipmrouteassertmetric Integer32 Assert Winner 0 Assert 3) pimipmrouteassertmetricpref Integer32 Assert Winner 0 Assert

28 PIM-SM 4) pimipmrouteassertrptbit TruthValue Assert WinnerAssert RPT-bit false Assert 5) pimipmrouteflags BITS RPTSPT 4. PIM pimipmroutenexthoptable PIM pimipmroutenexthopentry 1) pimipmroutenexthopprunereason INTEGER =2 prune =3 Assert =1 5. PIM RP pimrptable PIMv1 PIMv2 RP-SET RPPIM RP PimRPEntry 1) pimrpgroupaddress IpAddress IP 2) pimrpaddress IpAddress RP 3) pimrpstate INTEGER RP =1 =2 4) pimrpstatetimer TimeTicks RP up down 5) pimrplastchange TimeTicks RP 6) pimrprowstatus RowStatus 6. PIM RP-SET pimrpsettable RP PIM BSR RP Candidate-RP-Advertisements BSR RP-Set messages pimrpsetgroupmask, pimrpsetaddress 1) pimrpsetgroupaddress IpAddress IP 2) pimrpsetgroupmask IpAddress IP BootStrap IP 3) pimrpsetaddress IpAddress RP 4) pimrpsetholdtime Integer32 RPholdtime RPC-RP-ADV holdtime BSR 0 5) pimrpsetexpirytime TimeTicks RP RP-Timer BSR 0 6) pimrpsetcomponent Integer32 component PMBR

29 PIM-SM 7. PIM C-RP pimcandidaterptable RP pimcandidaterpentry 1) pimcandidaterpgroupaddress IpAddress IP pimcandidaterpgroupmask RP 2) pimcandidaterpgroupmask IpAddress IP 3) pimcandidaterpaddress IpAddress RP 4) pimcandidaterprowstatus RowStatus 8. PIM pimcomponenttable PimComponentEntry 1) pimcomponentindex Integer32 PIM-SIM 1 2) pimcomponentbsraddress IpAddress PIM BSR 3) pimcomponentbsrexpirytime TimeTicks BSR RP-Set lower BSRRP-Set 4) pimcomponentcrpholdtime Integer32 RP component holdtime=0 RP 5) pimcomponentstatus RowStatus PIM Trap

30 PIM-SM hot standby or hot swap 4.2 1) 2) CPU 3)

31 PIM-SM 4.3 HSRP Preemption ip Preempt Delay Active Interface Tracking Multiple HSRP Groups

32 PIM-SM 4.4 1) 2) MAC IP PIM-DMDVMRP PIM-SM Join/Prune

33 PIM-SM PIM-sm RP PIM-SM

34 PIM-SM S RP G WC-bit SPT-bitRPT-bit PMBR iif oif list RP RP Register Suppression Assert Join/Prune RPF Assert Assert

35 PIM-SM

36 PIM-SM

37 PIM-SM

38 PIM-SM 1) Multicast IPv4 addresses are class D addresses that range from to A multicast address, unlike other unicast addresses, does not identify a given host, but identi_es a multicast group for its whole duration. A multicast address, unlike unicast addresses, is not assigned statically by an authority, but is dynamically assigned (in fact chosen by the source). Because there is no allocation scheme yet (but it will change, see

39 PIM-SM section 4.4), there is a risk that several disjoint sources chose the same address. According to the scope of each traffic (i.e. TTL value), packets may be interleaved and applications may be corrupted

40 PIM-SM source and the source's data packets will follow the resulting forwarding state and travel unencapsulated to the RP. Whether they arrive encapsulated or natively, the RP forwards the source's decapsulated data packets down the RP-centered distribution tree toward group members. If the data rate warrants it, routers with 4. HSRP

41 PIM-SM

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