Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae Vol. 25,No. 5 May, 2005,,,. [J ].,2005,25 (5) : CHEN Yan, J IANG Weimei, GUO Wenli, et al. Study on t

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1 Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae Vol. 25,No. 5 May, 2005,,,. [J ].,2005,25 (5) : CHEN Yan, J IANG Weimei, GUO Wenli, et al. Study on the effect of the city group development in Pearl River Delta on local air pollutant dispersion by numerical modeling[j ]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25 (5) : , 1,3, 3, 2, 1,2, 2, 2, 2 11, , , : : : :,,,,.,, 3 :00 6 :00, 211 hm - 1, 300 m., ;, 28 %, 4512 %, ; 45 g m - 3,,,; 10 0 t d t d - 1,,51137 t d t d - 1. :; ; ; : (2005) :X169 :A Study on the effect of the city group development in Pearle River Delta on local air pollutant dispersion by numerical modeling CHEN Yan 1, J IANG Weimei 1,3, 3, GUO Wenli 2, MIAO Shiguang 1,2, CHEN Xianyan 2, J I Chongping 2, WANG Xiaoyun 2 1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing State key Laboratory of Atmosphere Boundary Physics and Atmosphere Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Received 8 May 2004 ; received in revised form 27 September 2004 ; accepted 30 September 2004 Abstract : A numerical experiment is employed to investigate the impact of the city group s change on local meteorological conditions and pollutant transport. The land2use conditions in Pearl River Delta in two decades had been taken as an example to understand how the change and development of city group affecting the local urban meteorological environment, pollutant dispersion, transporting of airborne pollutant among cities. The results showed that a strong temperature inversion appeared under the heavity polluted meteorological condition. The intensity of the inversion temperature reached the peak about 211 hm - 1 during 3 :00 to 6 :001 The height of the inversed temperature layer was 300 m. The inversion temperature was strengthened and lasted for a longer time due to the development of cities. The wind speed was less and the pollutant stayed longer due to the development of the city group. The low wind speed area increased by 28 % in Guangzhou and 4512 % in Foshan, the increase of low wind area was less under lightly polluted meteorological conditions. The SO 2 concentration of Guangzhou and Foshan was more than 45 g m - 3 in heavity polluted meteorological condition, and the development of the city group made the pollutant disperse more widely. The sources contributed more pollutants to the local area, and less to others. The transported mass of SO 2 and NO x among different areas reached a magnitude of 10 0 t d - 1 to 10 1 t d - 1. The development of cities made the pollutant transport more weakly, for example the transported mass of SO 2 from Guangzhou decreased from t d - 1 to t d - 1. : ( : ),LAPC (LAPC2KF ) : (1977 ),,; 3 ( ) Foundation item : Key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No ),LAPC Open Subject (LAPC2KF ) Biography : CHEN Yan(1977 ), Female, Ph. D. Candidate ; 3 corresponding author

5 : 701 Keywords :city group ; numerical modeling ; transport and dispersion of air pollutants ; meteorological environment in urban area [1 ].,.,.,,,., [2 ].,,,,.,. Klemn [3 ],. Souto [4 ],,.

2 5 : 701 Keywords :city group ; numerical modeling ; transport and dispersion of air pollutants ; meteorological environment in urban area [1 ].,.,.,,,., [2 ].,,,,.,. Klemn [3 ],. Souto [4 ],,. Jung [5 ]. Mori [6 ].,,,,. Jazcilevich [7 ], [8 ], [9 ].,, [10 ].,.,,,,,. 1 ( Simulated area and data source). 1997, 10 kkm - 2., E, 2216 N,200 km 300 km,, 16.,, 1Π3, 1 ( 16 ). 4 km, 10 m, m. 1 Fig. 1 The terrain map in simulation domain. [11 ] %,.,,,,.,,

3 (TLAPS) [12 ]., ( 30 ) ( ),2000 (LANDSAT) ( ). ().,., 2.. ( ),,,,. 2 ( Numerical model and case design), [13 ]. ;,, [14 15 ]. 2, 2,4,, ,5.,,,,,,., ,,, , ), 2,,.,.,.., [13 ], Businger [16 ] Byun [17 ] ; ; Pleim [18 ] Xiu [19 ] ; Kimura [20 ],.,, 1 1). 1 Table 1 The deposition velocities and transformation rates of the main pollutants SO SO 2 NO x NO x Π(cm s - 1 ) 3 3 Π(cm s - 1 ) 810 % 410 % 610 % 710 % % :SO 2 NO X 3 ( model validation),. 16,2. 2,,.,, 3. 3,, 1) : ( ).

4 5 : 703,.,SO ,NO x ;,SO ,NO x Table 2 The correlation coefficient between simulated wind2speedπ temperature and observed results Table 3 The comparison between simulated daily mean concentration and observation results g m - 3 SO 2 SO 2 NO x NO x ( simulation results) 411, 2,. 2 (a) 2 (b)., 8 : m ;9 :00,,, ;14 : m ; 19 : 00 ;8 : m.,,2115 hm - 1, 1175 hm :00 6 :00, 2 ( (a) ( ) ; (b) ( ) ; (c) ( ) ; (d) ( ) ) Fig. 2 Temperature profile in severe pollution meteorological condition ( (a) historical underlying surface ( Guangzhou) ; ( b) current underlying surface ( Guangzhou) ; (c) historical underlying(fushan) ; (d) current underlying surface (Fushan) )

5 704 25, 300 m ;, 500 m m,2. 2 (c) 2 (d).,8 : hm - 1, 19 :00 8 : hm - 1.., 11 :00, m, 21 :00., 2. 3, 8 : m 400 m,0117 hm - 1,,,14 :00 15 : 00, 1 hm - 1, 17 : :00,,. 8 h, 150 m, 0143 hm - 1 ; 4 h, 50 m,113 hm - 1,.,.,, m, m, m,20 :00 40 m, m. 3 ( (a) ( ) ; (b) ( ) ; (c) ( ) ; (d) ( ) ) Fig. 3 Temperature profile in light pollution meteorological condition ( ( a ) historical underlying surface ( Guangzhou) ; ( b) current underlying surface ( Guangzhou) ; (c) historical underlying(fushan) ; (d) current underlying surface (Fushan) ) 4, 2., 015 m s m s - 1, 20 :00.,.,. 2,,, ( ).. 10 m 1 m s - 1,,. 2

5 : 705 4 ( (a) (14 :00) ; (b) (02 :00) ; (c) (14 :00) ; (d) (02 :00) ) Fig.

6 5 : ( (a) (14 :00) ; (b) (02 :00) ; (c) (14 :00) ; (d) (02 :00) ) Fig. 4 Simulated wind vector of Pearle River Delta in severe pollution meteorological condition ( (a) historical underlying surface (14 :00) ; (b) historical underlying surface (02 :00) ; (c) current underlying surface (14 :00) ; (d) current underlying surface (02 :00) ),,, m s - 1.,, :00,20 :00 08 :00. 2,,,, 213 %, 317 % (, 28 %, 4512 %)., ( 4). 412,

706 25 5 ( (a) (14 :00) ; (b) (02 :00) ; (c) (14 :00) ; (d) (02 :00) ) Fig.

7 ( (a) (14 :00) ; (b) (02 :00) ; (c) (14 :00) ; (d) (02 :00) ) Fig. 5 Simulated wind vector of Pearl River Delta in light pollution meteorological condition ( (a) historical underlying surface (14 : 00) ; ( b) historical underlying surface (02 :00) ; (c) current underlying surface (14 :00) ; (d) current underlying surface (02 :00) ) 4 10 m ( < 1 m s - 1 ) Table 4 The area proportion of wind speed less than 1 m s - 1 at 10 m A B A B A B A B 14 : % 6918 % 3618 % 7619 % 1513 % 2017 % 1017 % 2413 % 20 : % 8715 % 3113 % 9117 % 010 % 010 % 010 % 010 % 02 : % 5419 % 2513 % 6811 % 010 % 316 % 010 % 112 % 08 : % 6313 % 1716 % 5514 % 010 % 010 % 010 % 010 % 4019 % 6819 % 2718 % 7310 % 318 % 611 % 217 % 614 % :A,B. 6.,1 m s - 1,,., 45 g m - 3.,,,.

5 : 707 7.,, 20 35 g m - 3,.,,. 413 3,,3. 6 ( (a) ; (b) ) Fig.

underlying surface ; (b) current underlying surface) 7 ( (a) ; (b) ) Fig.

8 5 : ,, g m - 3,.,, ,,3. 6 ( (a) ; (b) ) Fig. 6 Simulated ground concentration of SO 2 in severe pollution meteorological condition ( (a) historical underlying surface ; (b) current underlying surface) 7 ( (a) ; (b) ) Fig. 7 Simulated ground concentration of SO 2 in severe pollution meteorological condition ( (a) historical underlying surface ; (b) current underlying surface). 5.,.,70 %, ; 35 %, ; 20 %.,

9 ,,. ( 6),,.,3. 2,,,. 5 ( SO 2 ) Table 5 The distribution of SO 2 among cities in severe pollution meteorological condition ( ) ( ) % 1160 % % % 1190 % % % % % % % % % 6141 % % % 6120 % % 6 ( SO 2 ) Table 6 The distribution of SO 2 among cities in light pollution meteorological condition ( ) ( ) % 0145 % % % 3115 % % % % % % % % % 7163 % % % % %., 1), : F is,a = C k,is V k k, F is,a is A, d, C k,is is k,v k k, k A , t d - 1 t d - 1., ;, ;,., t, 5108 t ;, t, 4164 t.,,. 5 ( analysis and discussion),,,,.,., ( ),, 200 m.,,,,,. 7 Table 7 The transport mass of SO 2 among cities in severe pollution meteorological condition t d - 1 ( ) ( ) Table 8 The transport mass of NO x meteorological condition among cities in severe pollution t d - 1 ( ) ( ) , ;,,,,,. 2.,,.,20 :00, 9117 %, 219, 116 ( 4). 1) : ( )

10 5 : 709,.,,,, [21 ].,,,,., %. 6 ( conclusion) 1) ,,, 3 :00 6 :00, 211 hm - 1, 300 m.,,., ,,,,. 2),, 1 m s - 1.,.,.. 3),, 45 g m - 3..,2,. 4) t d - 1 t d - 1.,. 5),,,,. :(1939 ),,,.,,, , 6. (2002 ) (1995 ), (1995 ). ( References) : [ 1 ] Carroll J J, Dixon A J. Regional scale transport over complex terrain, a case study : tracing the Sacramento plume in the Sierra Nevada of California[J ]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002,36 (23) : [ 2 ] Romero H, Ihl M, Rivera A, et al. Rapid urban growth, land2use changes and air pollution in Santiago, Chile [ J ]. Environment, 1999,33 (24) : Atmospheric [ 3 ] Klemm O,Ziomas I C,Balis D, et al. A summer air2pollution study in Athens, Greece [J ]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998, 32 ( 12) : [ 4 ] Souto M J,Souto J A, Perez2Munuzuri V, et al. A comparison of operational Lagrangian particle and adaptive puff models for plume dispersion forecasting [ J ]. Atmospheric Environment, 2001, 35 (14) : [ 5 ] Jung Y R, Park W G, Park O H. Pollution dispersion analysis using the puff model with numerical flow field data[j ]. Mechanics Research Communications,2003,30 (4) : [ 6 ] Mori A. Integration of plume and puff diffusion models Πapplication of CFD[J ]. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34 (1) :45 49 [ 7 ] Jazcilevich A D, Fuentes V,Jauergui E, et al. Simulated urban climate response to historical land use modification in the basin of Mexico[J ]. Climatic Change,2000,44 (4) : [ 8 ] Jazcilevich A D,Garclia A R,Ruliz2Sularez L G. A modeling study of air pollution modulation through land2use change in the Valley of Mexico[J ]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002,36 (13) : [ 9 ] Jazcilevich A D,Garclia A R,Ruliz2Sularez L G. A study of air flow patterns affecting pollutant concentrations in the central region of Mexico[J ]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003,37 (2) : [10 ] Fang X Y, Jiang W M, Miao S G, et al. The multi2scale numerical modeling system for research on the relationship between urban planning and meteorological environment [ J ]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2004,21 (1) : [11 ] Li Q, Li F J, Ye Y X, et al. The relationship between synoptic patterns and potential pollution and the density of surface air pollution over Pearl River Delta [J ]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,1999,15 (4) : (in Chinese) [ 12 ] Xue J S,Wang KL, Wang Z M, et al. Test of a tropical limited area numerical prediction model including effect of real topography [J ]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 1998,5 (1) :1 23 [13 ] Xu M, Jiang W M, Ji C P, et al. Numerical modeling and verification of structures of the boundary layer over Beijing area[j ]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2002, 13 (supplement) : (in Chinese) [14 ] Jiang Y H,Jiang W M. Study on application of the puff trajectory model in the field of estimation of regional transport and dispersion of air pollutants[j ]. China Environmental Science, 1989,1 (1) :15 21 [ 15 ] Baker CJ. Outline of a novel method for the prediction of atmospheric pollution dispersal from road vehicles [ J ]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industry Aerodynamics, 1996,65 (4) : [ 16 ] Businger J A,Brown M. Flux2profile Relationships in the Atmospheric

11 Surface Layer[J ]. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 1971 (28) : [17 ] Byun,D W. On the Analytical Solutions of Flux2profile Relationships for the Atmospheric Surface Layer [ J ]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1990 (29) : [18 ] Pleim J E, Xiu A. Development and testing of a surface flux and planetary boundary layer model for application in mesoscale models [J ]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1995,34 (1) :16 32 [19 ] Xiu A, Pleim J E. Development of land surface model. Part I : Application in a mesoscale meteorological model [ J ]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2001,40 (3) : [20 ] Kimura F, Takahashi S. The effects of land2use and anthropogenic heating on the surface temperature in the Tokyo metropolitan area : A numerical experiment[j ]. Atmosphere Environment,1991,25B (2) : [21 ] Xu X D, Bian L G, Ding G A, et al. Theory and Technology on Urban Atmospheric Environment Observation Project [ M ]. Beijing : Meteorology Press,2003 : (in Chinese) : [11 ],,,. [J ].,1999,15 (4) : [13 ],,,. [J ].,2002,13 ( ) :61 68 [21 ],,,. [M]. :,2003 :56 105

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