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1 f zu{ } 2 í } Çf Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research November 3, 216 Vol.2, No.49 ü²ù oúù äö gu{ñ g Å 1 h 2 Âu 2 Œ 1 ( 1 n {tn n tn 6141) nåhâuœ. ü²ù oúù äö [J].f zu{2162(49): DOI: /j.issn ORCID: (Œ) ³Â ü²ù Ù q ÃÉg d (n=6)ê (n=42)ö (n=42)ö (n=42) ý 3 d²«q(v«3%í«6%)²ÿg 1 q ²ý²Ÿx²Ù ggq²ùüžü ²Ù q Ù²Ÿ ê q ö f ýp Â ²Ÿ äg äkjœ ±q ä µé âéfýÿ ²ê öö xö ± Â²Ù nö È i ²ÙtƒµÉ qà²ÿqƒ Àí²Ù²zftƒ qä r}²ímkqÿg~ê ²Ù{ Çq²Ùº²ÙÂ±À( 15 min x)²ùf}fqz(iq 6%8%)²Ùy²Ù 5 min x² q²ù k ²Ù ýqƒ¼qwñ ñ«ü qmq¼ì n qö q}g«³²âq ÇjŠqŒg«ƒqŒg ²ñ qqj Âƒ¼qŒg«q²Ù Ðr±qØƒ Œ qîù²ù q²ÿƒ «yqi k ²Ù quk º¼Œq u{±œ²ù ýq Ó ³ rq ü²ù ýù q xöœøœ ý² 72 h q 132 ù SD ÙÃÉgd (n=6)ê (n=42)ö (n=42)ö (n=42) ý 3 d²«q(v«3%í«6%)²ÿg 1 q²ý²ÿx²ùggq ²ÙüŽü²Ù q Ù²Ÿ ê q ö f ýp Â²Ÿ ägäkjœ ±q ä µé âéfýÿ íîãs q qok ê äg äkjœ ±Çj d Îpd (P <.5)º Ç j 1236 hö üçj Îpd (P <.5)º Ç jâ 2448 h ukjœ 12 h Çj (P <.5)º Çj düèf²zf ƒ²oçj²oú Ÿ ²êöö xö± Â²Ù nö ºÀ ÍÙg²Ù Ùgêö ²Ù Œ SD Ù gè ÙgÍ ²Ù Í «Ù r ïåèr(11zb43) Ó1982 µ 28 n { šì xc ìôd šì n { tn 6141 fé ú:r318 h u:b ú: (216) ÈÍ P.O. Box 12, Shenyang 1118

2 Zhang Jing, M.D., Associate professor, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu , Sichuan Province, China Corresponding author: Hu Yao, Associate professor, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu , Sichuan Province, China Morphological changes of myocardium and over-recovery law in model rats undergoing different intensities of periodic aerobic training Zhang Jing 1, Zhang Li-na 2, Yang Ren-jun 2, Hu Yao 1 ( 1 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu , Sichuan Province, China; 2 Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 6141, Sichuan Province, China) Abstract BACKGROUND: Over-recovery theory is the basic theory of sports training, but study about the visceral over-recovery is few, let alone about heart after aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissue in rats after different cycles of aerobic exercise, and the recovery pattern of heart function within 72 hours. METHODS: 132 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups of control (n=6), single-cycle (low-intensity exercise, n=42), double-cycle (moderate-intensity exercise, n=42), and triple-circle (high-intensity exercise, n=42). Rats in the latter three groups underwent 1-week adaptive swimming in accordance with the way of increasing load (from 3% to 6%), followed by aerobic exercise of swimming according to their corresponding training cycle. Subsequently, samples were collected to detect the levels of creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase, succinic dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in myocardial tissue; left cardiac apex tissues after embedded section were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the morphological changes of myocardial tissue immediately after exercise became more obvious with the increasing intensity. (2) Compared with the control group, significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase, succinic dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase conld be found in the single-cycle group (P <.5), and showed over-recovery at 1236 hours after exercise; all indicators were significantly increased in the double-cycle group showing over-recovery at 2448 hours (P <.5); while in the triple-circle group, succinic dehydrogenase exhibited over-recovery only (P <.5), and each indicator level was low probably indicating over fatigue. (3) These findings suggest that compared with the triple-cycle highintensity training, single-cycle and double-cycle training will be better, and it is advisable to undergo double-cycle aerobic exercise in practice. Subject headings: Animals, Laboratory; Myocardium; Exercise Test Funding: the General Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, No. 11ZB43 Cite this article: Zhang J, Zhang LN, Yang RJ, Hu Y. Morphological changes of myocardium and over-recovery law in model rats undergoing different intensities of periodic aerobic training. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 216;2(49): Introduction 2d ËÐŠ ÄynÊÇo ü q k k fƒ rm o [1] ƒ qž ²Ù frœí±nxžpµ Éƒ k Ço«o [2] Í ü ²Ù fnq²ù ƒœøœqà²ÿu{xœ k q qÿµg k ²Ù fqn qk 1Materials and methods 1.1 Â ÃdÙgÍ 1.2 ÅÀ ƒ Íp2155Ž8µƒ Ã²ÙçÍ 1.3 dò ÍÙg4Ú yäsdù132ù«ž é çfíùgfspf ƒ«(18±5) g}6ùâú ÙgÊ»Žn ÉÊÙg¼225 r 55%65%Ž ÙgÅ³É éêøéù}}ºr Ùqg²Ÿ k g Í Ïöyêsmgzu{ q ägäkjœ ± Ís q Ïrü Ïq e l ²Ÿâ(ˆ OMNI Prep)y(ˆ BioTek MQX2)¹ŽÙmäÉ y( ˆMEDSOUL ams-18) À( OLYMPUS DP7/BX51TF)ÙnÍ²jl ISSN CN /R CODEN: ZLKHAH 7365

3 5 cm 5 cm 1 cm«(ží) [3] nà~ 2nz5 ml m ÙgÉ 132ùÙÃÉg d (n=6)ê (n=42)ö (n=42) (n=42)dùä Œggq²Ù³ ²Ÿ [4] ýíî12 h24 h36 h 48 h6 h72 hº7fâùnp Ù ºÀ ÂrqÙg²Ú «²ƒŒ ±º i ü g6f ê ö Ùq Ÿ1³² ùxr Çê q ö f Ÿ 1 ü Ù Ÿ Table 1 The training schedule of rats in each group Ì p p ¹ ê ² } } f } ö ² f f ² ä²ùoú 5 cm 6 cm 1 cm²jl f(31±2) g Ù ÀØÀq1.5 }1²Ÿ«q² }2Ù«ºƒ«q3%iýv}3 «ØÍƒ«q4%5%6%Ž}5 ý}1 d²1ýð²é ²Ÿg1q «ƒ«q6%2 ²Ù g 3f²Ù g 2 ²Ù g 1x Œggq Â16 mingââ}5 min [4] ÄöÍ Ùn1% ¾(25 mg/kg)ÿøœ µéœ ÀÁqmkrf z.25 g pàóvn z mkrmkr ƒz «g9 ml/mgóvq â f¼ò q1/3âv«ámkrà nfqv âfâµé âíq1%âˆp3 r/minƒƒ³ yfy115 min É y~f x ägäkjœ ±q qÿ 1.5 h mä ägäkjœ ±ÉÌ nøä (ˆŒ)äöƒeŠo Âöä Îe Ïr l²ÿ okéfí Œ n jœpn ²âpuœfÍœÐ² œˆpéfž4 μm² ugéfã4 4 Éfºf Çq}1Éfž Éf õdâ} ÙŒ ƒƒ ± Œq«µƒýÉfˆf9 sùžà 1 min¼p2%rjf3 sùžà5 min ýˆp1/5f1 minùžà5 min ý f3 sùžà1 min Â xx _ ±sÿx SPSS 17. ±zkük Â Í nt ÍÍÂα=.5 gp <.5Å gp <.1 nexcel Í 2 Results 2.1 ð 132ùÙ² É r 2.2 { ÎÀß¾ì ²Ù íîd Ù ŒÊÙÂÃ ü²ù Ù jçüz ê ŒÊrÙ{ ± Œ j ö ŒÂÃ { µé Œ ŒÊ Ê{ Œ 1v qok Àù xrçü q ü q küãs qok 2.3 } Åƒã Ÿ2 ägäíîê äg ä±d Âƒ(P <.1)Ãýq hjç é Ûp36 h ²d (P <.1)Ãýq48 hšâ vîp d (P <.5)q672 hùã d (P >.5) 7366 P.O. Box 12, Shenyang 1118

4 Ÿ 2 ê ürüq ä Table 2 Changes of each biochemical indicator in the single-cycle group at different time points Ì ägä kjœ ± d 76.27± ± ± ±15.47 ê íî 62.58±3.44 b 86.3±3.48 b 1.11± ± h 75.51± ±2.35 b.91± ± h 73.33± ±1.62 a 1.12± ± h 9.36±6.67 b 69.17±6.7.79±.46 a 19.31±14.52 b 48 h 84.65±7.1 a 4.78± ±.41 a 15.89±18.31 a 6 h 74.34± ± ±.8 a 98.65± h 8.56± ± ± ±4.71 Ÿd ± a P <.5 b P <.1 Ÿ 3 ö ürüq ä Table 3 Changes of each biochemical indicator in the double-cycle group at different time points Ì ägä kjœ ± d 76.27± ± ± ±15.47 ö íî 48.84±1.3 b 57.5±6.2 a 1.25±.173 b 52.86±1.91 b 12 h 75.16± ±6.8 a.84±.11 a 66.99±1.36 a 24 h 79.3± ±12.63 b.94± ± h 68.14± ± ±.1 a 66.16±14.84 a 48 h 88.78±1.85 a 44.28± ±.62 a 84.15± h 58.7±3.5 a 41.72± ± ±8.32 a 72 h 51.3±3.49 b 43.55± ± ±5.92 Ÿd ± a P <.5 b P <.1 Ÿ 4 ürüq ä Table 4 Changes of each biochemical indicator in the triple-cycle group at different time points Ì ägä kjœ ± d 76.27± ± ± ±15.47 íî 55.72±8.85 b 55.91±1.28 a 1.41±.1 b 67.89±1.47 a 12 h 65.69±8.83 a 56.78±9.28 a.84± ± h 63.63±1.3 a 36.87±4.11 a 1.6± ± h 7.89± ± ± ± h 67.87±1.49 a 4.6± ±.9 8.8± h 6.1±11.37 a 41.7± ±.8 b 74.12± h 69.±.88 a 36.96±1.7 a.84± ±3.13 Ÿd ± a P <.5 b P <.1 (x _ ±sn=6u/mg) (x _ ±sn=6u/mg) (x _ ±sn=6u/mg) kjœíî12 hê kj Œ±d Î(P <.1)Ãýq 24 h Â Û ƒpd (P <.5)Ãý3672 hd ± Ù Û i ²Ù íîž24 hê d rù ä irí366 h jç j d ƒpd (P <.5)Ãý q72 híd ±²Ù íîž24 hê ± äd r Ãýq ISSN CN /R CODEN: ZLKHAH 7367

A B C D 1 ü Ù²Ù íî ok ( 4) Figure 1 Morphological changes of rat myocardial tissue immediately after exercise in each group(hematoxylin-eosin

Line chart of superoxide dismutase level in each group ± 12 1 8 6 4 2 36 hé Û ²d (P <.1)² ÍÎ Ãýq486 hšâ Û 48 h Âê v Îpd (P <.5)72 h šé d ± i 2.

glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase level in each group 3 ü äà Figure 3 Change of creatine kinase level in each group 5 ü kjœ ä Figure 5 Line

5 A B C D 1 ü Ù²Ù íî ok ( 4) Figure 1 Morphological changes of rat myocardial tissue immediately after exercise in each group(hematoxylin-eosin staining, 4) f A gd ŒÊÙÂÃB gê ŒÊrÙ{ ± Œ j Cg ö ŒÂÃ {µé Œ Dg ŒÊ Ê{ Œ ä g ä ê ö d íî 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 6 h 72 h 2 ü ägä ä Figure 2 Line chart of superoxide dismutase level in each group ± hé Û ²d (P <.1)² ÍÎ Ãýq486 hšâ Û 48 h Âê v Îpd (P <.5)72 h šé d ± i 2.4 Åƒã Ÿ3 ägä²ù íîö ä gä ±d Â(P <.1)Ãý q1236 h d 48 h²íî Îpd (P <.5)jo iý ÂÉÌp6 h72 h ƒpd (P <.5P <.1)ùx g q ÇjÂudz kjœ²ù íîž24 hö k d íî 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 6 h 72 h d íî 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 6 h 72 h d íî 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 6 h 72 h 4 ü ± ä Figure 4 Line chart of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase level in each group 3 ü äà Figure 3 Change of creatine kinase level in each group 5 ü kjœ ä Figure 5 Line chart of succinic dehydrogenase level in each group Œ j k ê ö ê ö ê ö jœ ±Î²Ù íî 12 h Îpd (P <.5)p24 h²íî d Îpd (P <.1)ý ²³Íd dr ²Ù íîö Îpd (P <.1)12 h ƒpd (P <.5)Ãý²ép3648 héí Îpd (P <.5)Ãý²Â d ±²Ù íîö ± ƒ ƒpd (P <.1)1224 h² éí²d Ãý36 h¼âž ƒpd (P <.5)ý486 hé 7368 P.O. Box 12, Shenyang 1118

6 Û6 h Îpd (P <.5) 72 híd 2.5 Åƒã Ÿ4 ägä²ù íî ä gä ƒpd (P <.1)Ã ýqâ pƒpd Ã36 hº üâ ƒpd (P <.5)d36 hš² Í²d j kjœ ²Ù íî12 hkj Œé Û Îpd (P <.5)24 hâ ƒpd (P <.5)Ãý²éÍ²d p 366 h d Ù 72 h¼â Í ƒpd (P <.5) xç²oúg ²Ù íî Î Îpd (P <.1)ÃýÂÍ d 1248 hâ d üâd r i6 h Â ÛÂƒÍ ƒpd (P <.5)Ãý72 héí²d ± ²Ù íî ± ƒpd (P <.5)Ãýq12 híí d d Ùùx g ± ƒ äù±u²ù í ÎÇjÂ 3 Discussion ²ÙŒƒŒ³²q ²Ù ŒˆŒ«öm [5] ž~ ýœrm v ù Í ž~ ž~øÿåzžp vží ŒŒg«öqri Î²q ²Ù fƒq» g«ù qä ükîo ŽnqŒ ˆŒ «qœ Î [6-8] Ío k kùxrçüq q üãsù Ê² m { Ífü q üqü q²ù kºüq ägäÿ gžnqg mg g«g Ép Œ ƒq«â mgƒäqºà qéâr ÍƒŽnqŒ r ŒØŒq g [9-11] ägäq ²Ù²Ù~ ägä³ ²q²Ù ùî ägäî ÃŽnqŒ ² ý ägä ö ~ ÂŽ ŒÃŽnq Œ Â Œ [12-13] Í³f} q²ù«ùxˆ ägä±z éîî ÃŽnqŒ Šq ² Ž Œ¾x ØŒ [14] Í xê ö ägäéìp 3648 h jç ý rž 72 h ²zf ägä ƒ x ²Ù²³ƒ²oÚ( 2) Œ ±kjœ p Œä Œ±¹Åö ŒäØŒ q Íg q² x²ÿ fq g n ä ADP+CPfATP+C ö qîœw±z qéîÿƒq ŒöÙ ƒq ŒŒ r [7] öi qâêx²ù ² [8] v q ä rü ²Ù íîüzî Œ¼qx qéî uö 3648 h Çj ê ( 3) ±g L-À -piâq ±zd Àq{ nº rpä qéîx Œä É dœ qîâêxäœ q Â [9] fÿ Î [1] ²q²Ù ùx ˆ ±q éî ² Ê~Žº Âƒ [11] íîü ± üzâ Ûx ±² Ù ýâùœgä ŒŒ q ²zf²Í d qçj ²Ù ²ºê 36 h Çj f ²zÙ± Û²ùŒ ±º ö ²Ù ýjçef qâ(24 h ö 366 h) 6 h j ISSN CN /R CODEN: ZLKHAH 7369

7 xö r²f( 4) kjœˆjf ƒ ü qg p Œ ƒf ŒŒ x n ~² q ˆjq³r kjœ q [15] qx Œ É rº [16] ƒ ÍkjŒk~ö m äíx qœ [17] ž ÍqÀkjŒq~ÂƒHuertas } [17] ³² 14üÀ ²Ù4À ýqí Ÿ²²Ù ùéîkjœq Î färm²öö ² ÙýíÎqéÎ ²Ù²Ãý q²âƒ 24 h Çj ê Ãýq²zfÇj f²zfkjœ ƒx ²( 5) ²ü ~ öøœq rmü qrü ok f rºø Œ( ägä ±)Çj ƒ²d ê ö ± ýü rºøœœ j ê j Çj± 1236 h Çj ö ÇjÂ±ê ²Çj 2448 hâ ²zf²Ù ² n ²Ù ²qÀ Î ö g 3 y fq ² ²ÙÂ fq²² Í È Èý qíf u{ «h cóðâ cìc ÚÐf cód ÌrÀ{ ß íq d káè«n üìíd rò«cnki Æg Ð 3 xhd Ò«Ã Ü d À Ô ý r Šn}dýÀ c (åâ¾ á)âùà zc»ßí hd fr ò d 4 õ h References [1] Ú,º,²,}. Œ çâ qu{[j].µƒ Ã,27,33(4): [2] i, Å. ñkq [J].µƒ Ã, 1997,24(2): [3] Œ.ÍnÙ«ˆ[P].föÌ, , [4] e,ú,.îî qrº u{[j].xƒ y,214,4(8):21. [5],yˆ,Âü,}.²ÙŒ qöm±[j]. ƒ y,2,2(5):46. [6] Ü.üq²ÙŒq[J].êsƒ Ã,24,3(1): [7] Êi.²Ù u{²[j].ƒ Ã,1999,14(2):3-32. [8],ö.²Ù ÙŒ¼É¼NOq [J].f²Ùç, 23,22(6): [9] Mikami T,Sumida S,Ishibashi Y,et al.endurance exercise training inhibits activity of plasma GOT and liver caspase-3 of mice [correction of rats] exposed to stress by induction of heat shock protein 7.J Appl Physiol (1985).24;96(5): [1] n¾,d.² Ù µckastöº üøsodldhqu{[j].äsƒ,1999,22(4):38-4. [11] f,d.nüï Ø Ùžö ²Ùq[J].»ìm,25,26(8): [12] ŸÐ,.²ÙŒ ²zf µãrj q Œ [J].f²Ùç,21,2(4): [13],,}.²ÙÂ ƒ¾ Œ Cq [J].ƒ y,23,23(2): [14] Urhausen A,Gabriel HH,Kindermann W.Impaired pituitary hormonal response to exhaustive exercise in overtrained endurance athletes.med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;3(3): [15] Nakatani T,Nakashima T,Kita T,et al. Succinct dehydrogenises activities of fibers in the rat extensor digit rum long us, soles, and cardiac muscles.arch Histol Cytol. 1999;62(4): [16] y,,i.²«ýùžcköº üldhaltast ä[j].f²ùç,26,25(5): [17] Huertas R,Campos Y,Díaz E,et al.respiratory chain enzyme in muscle of endurance athletes.biochem Biophys Res Commun.1992;188(1): P.O. Box 12, Shenyang 1118

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