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1 XenGT: 一款工作在英特尔处理器显卡上的高性能图形虚拟化解决方案 Kevin Tian, Software Architect, Intel Corporation David Cowperthwaite, Software Architect, Intel Corporation SFTS008

2 议程为什么需要 GPU 虚拟化? 完全 GPU 虚拟化之路架构综述关键技术总结 2

3 议程为什么需要 GPU 虚拟化? 完全 GPU 虚拟化之路架构综述关键技术总结 3

4 GPU 应用案例 3D 图形媒体计算 4

5 虚拟化应用案例 VM VM VM 应用案例 Hypervisor 虚拟数据中心云计算虚拟远程桌面富客户端虚拟化自带设备智能电视多屏信息娱乐安全电子商务 5

6 所以 GPU 虚拟化 App App App App App App GPU 加速的任务 VM VM VM Hypervisor 游戏视频播放和编辑网络体验办公效率 3D 图形媒体计算用户界面计算机辅助设计天气预报 GPU 虚拟化成为了一种基本需求 6

7 Intel 处理器显卡 22nm 集成在第四代 Intel Core 处理器 GT3 新的 GT3 带来 2 倍的 shader 处理能力提升 - Intel Iris Graphics EDRAM GT3e 使用 128MB 快速缓存节省带宽 - Intel Iris Pro Graphics Intel Quick Sync Video H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, VC-1 高速视频编解码 7

8 议程为什么需要 GPU 虚拟化? 完全 GPU 虚拟化之路架构综述关键技术总结 8

9 传统显卡显示是唯一目的只提供简单功能少数寄存器显存容量小传统显卡的模拟很简单大多数设备模拟器提供的基本功能 9

10 现代 GPU GPU Graphics Driver 配置渲染数据 GPU 命令 Registers Render Engine Graphics Memory 模拟一个渲染引擎是不现实的! 10

11 GPU 虚拟化的要求性能 GPU 直接加速功能一致的视觉体验共享同时加速多个虚拟机 11

12 API 转发 VM Frontend DirectX* APIs VM Frontend OpenGL* APIs 优点性能佳可以共享 Backend APIs Hypervisor Graphics Driver 缺点功能滞后 12

13 直通设备 VM VM Graphics Driver 优点性能佳功能完备缺点 Hypervisor 不能共享 13

14 完全 GPU 虚拟化 VM VM Graphics Driver Graphics Driver 优点 Device Model Hypervisor 性能佳功能完备可以共享可以在虚拟机里直接运行 native 图形栈! 14

15 议程为什么需要 GPU 虚拟化? 完全 GPU 虚拟化之路架构综述关键技术总结 15

16 XenGT: 一款完全 GPU 虚拟化解决方案基于 mediated pass-through 框架陷入和模拟特权 I/O 操作直通性能关键操作虚拟 GPU (vgpu) 模拟器具备和物理 Intel 处理器显卡一致的功能在虚拟机中直接运行 native 图形驱动沿用驱动中已有的优化和稳定性补丁第一版实现基于 Xen Hypervisor 核心设备模拟器可以重用在其他 hypervisor 中 16

17 处理器显卡 : 组成部件 GPU Registers Render Engine Display Engine Graphics Virtual Memory Page Table 一个全局虚拟地址空间多个本地虚拟地址空间 System Memory 17

18 虚拟化策略直通图像缓存命令缓存 ( 都位于图形内存中 ) 陷入和模拟内存映射 I/O 寄存器端口 I/O 寄存器 PCI 配置空间寄存器 GPU 页表项 18

19 总体架构 Dom0 VM Qemu VGA Graphics Driver Mediator Scheduler Graphics Driver PVMMU Xen EPT 陷入直通 19

20 能力性能功能共享通过 GPU 直接加速来达到接近 native 的性能运行 native 图形栈来保证一致的用户视觉体验同时加速 3 个虚拟机 +Dom0 Dom0 VM1 VM2 VM3 DirectX* 11.1 APP APP APP APP APP APP APP APP Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark* and MobileMark*, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. For more information go to OpenGL* 4.2 OpenCL* 1.2 Xen 20

21 议程为什么需要 GPU 虚拟化? 完全 GPU 虚拟化之路架构综述关键技术总结 21

22 直通 : 图形内存 VM1 Graphics Driver VM2 Graphics Driver 来自于 CPU 和 GPU 的并行访问 - CPU/GPU 独立调度 Graphics Memory (VM1) Graphics Memory (VM2) 图形内存分区 - 每个 VM 分配专有的资源本地图形内存完全直通 Render Engine 22

23 直通 : 图形地址空间图形内存分区引起的不一致观点虚拟机 1 的观点虚拟机 2 的观点 ( 虚拟机的观点 ) 资源变少从地址 0 开始宿主机的观点地址空间 ballooning 带来一致观点避免了地址转换! 虚拟机 1 的观点虚拟机 2 的观点 Ballooned Ballooned ( 虚拟机的观点 ) 资源大小不变从任意地址开始其他虚拟机的资源被保留宿主机的观点 23

24 GPU 页表虚拟化 Graphics Memory GPU 页表 - 将系统内存映射进虚拟地址空间 Guest Page Table GFN MFN Shadow Page Table 影子页表 - 客户页框号 <-> 主机页框号 System Memory 24

25 GPU 调度程序 Mediator VM1 VM2 2. 提交命令 Graphics Driver Graphics Driver Scheduler 3. 调度策略 1. 填充渲染数据和命令 4. 加速 Command Buffer Frame Buffer Command Buffer Frame Buffer Graphics Memory 25

26 显示共享 Dom0 VM1 VM2 通过前后台切换来实现的直接显示 Dom0 VM1 VM2 通过 Dom0 来渲染合成的间接显示 Dom0 VM1 VM2 通过网络显示协议来实现的远程显示 26

27 议程为什么需要 GPU 虚拟化? 完全 GPU 虚拟化之路架构综述关键技术总结 27

28 总结在许多虚拟化应用中,GPU 虚拟化正在成为一个基本需求完全 GPU 虚拟化在性能功能和共享中达到一个很好的平衡 XenGT 是一款工作在英特尔处理器显卡上的完全 GPU 虚拟化解决方案, 可以支持在虚拟机里运行 native 图形驱动 28

29 下一步开源项目 : 尝试并反馈您的意见本课程演示文稿 (PDF) 发布在技术课程目录网站 : 该网址同时列于会议指南手册中专题讲座日程页的上方. 29

30 请填写在线课程反馈表即刻登录, 惊喜大奖等你拿! 在本课程结束前, 您将会收到一封电子邮件, 内含在线课程反馈表的网址请在明天上午 10 点前提交在线反馈, 以便获得抽奖资格获奖者将会通过电子邮件发布抽奖规则可在四层服务台索取所有在线课程反馈必须在 4 月 4 日星期五下午 5 点前提交 30

31 31 问答

32 Legal Disclaimer INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. A "Mission Critical Application" is any application in which failure of the Intel Product could result, directly or indirectly, in personal injury or death. SHOULD YOU PURCHASE OR USE INTEL'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, YOU SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD INTEL AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, SUBCONTRACTORS AND AFFILIATES, AND THE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND EMPLOYEES OF EACH, HARMLESS AGAINST ALL CLAIMS COSTS, DAMAGES, AND EXPENSES AND REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES ARISING OUT OF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY CLAIM OF PRODUCT LIABILITY, PERSONAL INJURY, OR DEATH ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, WHETHER OR NOT INTEL OR ITS SUBCONTRACTOR WAS NEGLIGENT IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, OR WARNING OF THE INTEL PRODUCT OR ANY OF ITS PARTS. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined". Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information. The products described in this document may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an order number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained by calling , or go to: Intel, Core, Look Inside, and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright 2014 Intel Corporation. 32

33 Risk Factors The above statements and any others in this document that refer to plans and expectations for the first quarter, the year and the future are forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Words such as anticipates, expects, intends, plans, believes, seeks, estimates, may, will, should and their variations identify forward-looking statements. Statements that refer to or are based on projections, uncertain events or assumptions also identify forward-looking statements. Many factors could affect Intel s actual results, and variances from Intel s current expectations regarding such factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Intel presently considers the following to be the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the company s expectations. Demand could be different from Intel's expectations due to factors including changes in business and economic conditions; customer acceptance of Intel s and competitors products; supply constraints and other disruptions affecting customers; changes in customer order patterns including order cancellations; and changes in the level of inventory at customers. Uncertainty in global economic and financial conditions poses a risk that consumers and businesses may defer purchases in response to negative financial events, which could negatively affect product demand and other related matters. Intel operates in intensely competitive industries that are characterized by a high percentage of costs that are fixed or difficult to reduce in the short term and product demand that is highly variable and difficult to forecast. Revenue and the gross margin percentage are affected by the timing of Intel product introductions and the demand for and market acceptance of Intel's products; actions taken by Intel's competitors, including product offerings and introductions, marketing programs and pricing pressures and Intel s response to such actions; and Intel s ability to respond quickly to technological developments and to incorporate new features into its products. The gross margin percentage could vary significantly from expectations based on capacity utilization; variations in inventory valuation, including variations related to the timing of qualifying products for sale; changes in revenue levels; segment product mix; the timing and execution of the manufacturing ramp and associated costs; start-up costs; excess or obsolete inventory; changes in unit costs; defects or disruptions in the supply of materials or resources; product manufacturing quality/yields; and impairments of long-lived assets, including manufacturing, assembly/test and intangible assets. Intel's results could be affected by adverse economic, social, political and physical/infrastructure conditions in countries where Intel, its customers or its suppliers operate, including military conflict and other security risks, natural disasters, infrastructure disruptions, health concerns and fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Expenses, particularly certain marketing and compensation expenses, as well as restructuring and asset impairment charges, vary depending on the level of demand for Intel's products and the level of revenue and profits. Intel s results could be affected by the timing of closing of acquisitions and divestitures. Intel's results could be affected by adverse effects associated with product defects and errata (deviations from published specifications), and by litigation or regulatory matters involving intellectual property, stockholder, consumer, antitrust, disclosure and other issues, such as the litigation and regulatory matters described in Intel's SEC reports. An unfavorable ruling could include monetary damages or an injunction prohibiting Intel from manufacturing or selling one or more products, precluding particular business practices, impacting Intel s ability to design its products, or requiring other remedies such as compulsory licensing of intellectual property. A detailed discussion of these and other factors that could affect Intel s results is included in Intel s SEC filings, including the company s most recent reports on Form 10-Q, Form 10-K and earnings release. Rev. 1/16/14 33

Microsoft Word - Atmel-45136A-Pick-Best-Microcontroller-Strom-Eiland-Flodell_Article_CS

Microsoft Word - Atmel-45136A-Pick-Best-Microcontroller-Strom-Eiland-Flodell_Article_CS 如何为您的下一款设计选出最好的 8 位或 32 位微控制器作者 : Atmel 产品营销高级总监 Oyvind Strom Atmel 产品营销总监 Andreas Eieland Atmel 研发工具部门高级产品营销经理 Henrik Flodell 不久之前, 嵌入式系统还是既昂贵