JournalofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.32No.3 Jun.,2018 '? c 1,011 1, 2, 3, 3, 2 3, 3 2, 45 1 (1. N156, E, 9: <, <,271018; 2. : <, N, E, :/[

Transcription

1 JournalofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.32No.3 Jun.,2018 '? c 1,011 1, 2, 3, 3, 2 3, 3 2, 45 1 (1. N156, E, 9: <, <,271018; 2. : <, N, E, :/[ 0, ;3.$ A> U$ XW 0, ),-:Y CQR,*+ $b $ 0B A0 B b ',8 & 3 (20,40,60 mm/h)b 3 N $(20,30,40 ) " :(1) $ 20mm/hJ 60mm/h, c447_ 11~20s; $ 20 40, c447_* 17~22s (2) Q =WJ F, _ Q, PK_ (3) [ $ ( ), 40 mm/h Q 20 mm/h 4 J 37.3%~122.6%, 20mm/h4 1.5~19.5>; 60mm/h Q 40mm/h4 J 19.1%~26.7%, 40mm/h4 62.5%~151.8% (4) [ (), $ Q K $(30 ~40 ), Q $ J >J _K (5) $ 30 4 $ 56Q ; 40 4, $ * + " _ ^ O 0B!"T87 XWS 4*#^$%./0: ; CQR ; $; $;156 1 : :A 56 : (2018) 犇犗犐 : /j.cnki.stbcxb 犚狌狀狅犳犪狀犱犛犲犱犻犿犲狀狋犢犻犲犾犱犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊狅狀犠犪狊狋犲犛狅犻犾犪狀犱犛犾犪犵犉狅狉犿犲犱犳狉狅犿犚犪犻犾狑犪狔犆狅狀狊狋狉狌犮狋犻狅狀犻狀犑犻犪狅犱狅狀犵犘犲狀犻狀狊狌犾犪犚犲犵犻狅狀 ZHANG Ronghua 1,JINGShasha 1,ZHANG Hongda 2,LIHuan 3, ZHANGChunqiang 3,LIJiazuo 3,LIU Xia 2,ZHANG Guangcan 1 (1. 犜犺犲犓犲狔犔犪犫狅狉犪狋狅狉狔狅犳犛狅犻犾犈狉狅狊犻狅狀犪狀犱犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犚犲狊狋狅狉犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犛犺犪狀犱狅狀犵犘狉狅狏犻狀犮犲, 犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犆狅犾犲犵犲狅犳犛犺犪狀犱狅狀犵犃犵狉犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犾犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔, 犜犪犻 犪狀, 犛犺犪狀犱狅狀犵 ;2. 犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犆狅犾犲犵犲狅犳犖犪狀犼犻狀犵犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔, 犑犻犪狀犵狊狌犓犲狔犔犪犫狅狉犪狋狅狉狔狅犳犛狅犻犾犪狀犱犠犪狋犲狉犆狅狀狊犲狉狏犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犚犲狊狋狅狉犪狋犻狅狀, 犆狅 犐狀狀狅狏犪狋犻狅狀犆犲狀狋犲狉犳狅狉犛狌狊狋犪犻狀犪犫犾犲犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犻狀犛狅狌狋犺犲狉狀犆犺犻狀犪, 犖犪狀犼犻狀犵 ;3. 犠犪狋犲狉犪狀犱犛狅犻犾犆狅狀狊犲狉狏犪狋犻狅狀犕狅狀犻狋狅狉犻狀犵犆犲狀狋犲狉狅犳犎狌犪犻犺犲犠犪狋犲狉犚犲狊狅狌狉犮犲狊犆狅犿犿犻狋犲犲狅犳犎狌犪犻犺犲犠犪狋犲狉犚犲狊狅狌狉犮犲狊犆狅犿犿犻狊犻狅狀, 犅犲狀犵犫狌, 犃狀犺狌犻 ) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Inordertostudytheefectofrunofandsedimentyieldonwasteandslagformedfromrailwaycon structioninjiaodongpeninsularegion,theartificialsimulatedrainfalexperimentswereconducted.accord ingtothecharacteristicsofrainfalandwastesoilandslaginthestudyarea,threediferentrainfalintensi tieswith20mm/h,40mm/h,60mm/handthreeslopegradientswith20,30,40 weredesigned.there sultsshowedthatbothrainfalintensityandslopegradientafectedinitialrunoftime,runof,sediment yield,erosionamountandsoon.(1)theinitialrunoftimedecreasedby11~20swithrainfalintensityin creasingfrom20mm/hto60mm/handshortened17~22swiththeslopechangingfrom20 to40,respec tively.(2)therunofandsedimentyieldincreasedsharplytothepeakduringtheearlyperiodofrainfal, andthentherunofgradualystabilizedandthesedimentyielddecreasedwiththefluctuationandfinalygrad ualystabilized.(3)underthesameslopegradient,therunofinrainfalintensitywith40 mm/hincreased 37.3%~122.6% compared with20 mm/handsedimentyield was1.5~19.5timesofthatin20 mm/h. However,therunofintherainfalintensitywith60mm/hjustincreased19.1%~26.7% comparedwith40 mm/h,andthesedimentyieldwasonlyaccountingfor62.5%~151.8% ofthatin40mm/h.(4)underthe samerainfalintensity,theefectofslopegradientonrunofandsedimentyieldhadacriticalslopebetween : :$ A> U!" 0B!" %; 4@ *+ (SBJ );$ A> U!" $ ` 4 O P XW (HWSBJ201302); N!" NN` 4 O P XW (SWJ201601) : A (1984-),, :A, 34,-./0XW *+ E mail:[email protected] : (1971 ),, ;,34,-./0XW *+ E mail:[email protected]

2 3 A : 0B D and40,andtherunofandsedimentyieldincreasedfirstandthendecreasedwiththeincreaseofslope. (5)Whentheslopegradientwas30,thecontributionofslopegradienttosoilerosionwasgreaterthanthe rainfalintensity,whilethecontributionofrainfalintensityobviouslyexceededtheslopegradientat40. Theresultscanprovidetechnicalsupportforthesoilandwaterlossmonitoringandcontrolduringthecon structionprocessoftherailwayprojectinjiaodongpeninsularegion. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :wastesoilandslag;artificialsimulationrainfal;rainfalintensity;slopegradient;soilerosion,0b=xj1, Dc1J,? 0 T U T U G,?0K =X 4.?0 T8 D, T B 2[ P [1 3], F Q P F F b b c ' $ P P 7976O,KF J -. 8 [4 5] -, CD ' HE " K HY CQR [5 10] 9 [3,11 13] O \ a W [14] V,, T8!"CD ' 156 S4 : ; cx *+ 156, Dong [6]?1 B ' *+=, $ 1 Q, $ Q,. 9 b O ' 2MC " [7] O *+ =, 5 6 W,15 min _,.35 Q F D,40 F S, _B $ $ ] CR6 W < [9] E %;2[O 2[ SCD ' IQ, R-*+2[ IQ D, 31O c447 $b IQ J K, 1b 4Q> _, Q 10% *+, $b $ 2[ ' ^ O0B CD ' 156 *+S, \ 0BT8 D D *+2 = -, R ^ O0B $,B CQR V 2[ $2[ $ 0B,R O0B!";C7 * 6, 0BT8 D!#^ *+* M 1 -./' 1.1 ^ G A O, N G, >A A,? ^, ^ b A AF 0B IJ G :A O -., ^ -. Y, >? DK34+300AB B (I)~AF (I),= km( km, G 148.8km,:A 65.9km),\ V CD ;C, cy N N` Ob 4 O C [15], A 0B\S ^ GN` O - N` O D N` 4 O 0B / S ' bca ' b G 6, G R -, 7E9 ', G :A O ca, G,:A -.,7 7Q SScA A# ^#$ " #$, Q,#$, [H #11.6~13.6, Q560~750mm,60% [, $, 1 S-. 1 N P A#, -. ( 犘犻狀狌狊狋犺狌狀犫犲狉犵犻犘犪狉犾.) ( 犚狅犫犻狀犻犪狆狊犲狌犱狅犪犮犪犮犻犪犔犻狀狀.) 0 B 8 km >? Y 23.62% 1.2 ]^_` O 6 -+ C156 P ], -. 8 D A 0BCDH 6N T8 RS / D, + / B S 9 PS, S Q&, aw Q 8 8 1, 6 Q &,H 8 G : A min, H$ 0.1mm O^ [16] * 5 6,* + O aw4 =, 15, 5 6,H ,56 E Q 12~60 mm, E Q =, ,

3 mm $-.H8 16~60 mm/h, $ 62.7 mm/h,=, , * + Q R 8 & 20, 40,60mm/h _', 7 H 2, & A 0 B ( ),6Q ', / S,Y 156 ;B $ ; W,WQ ( ), $?$, + Y 32N ( ),E aw, _', /R X Y - ' -. 8 B, S F c F P F,R -,,,,76, =, 56 '?$-.H8 7~26m, $ 20 ~35, $ , *+ QR 8& $ 20,30, TUGV]^ QR : C / C Q R 8 9 S QYJY-503,ABZ QR O I >? 12~200mm/h, O 20~ 300mm/h, %;#$ 7mm/h, $>0.8, $ % ; 4 7 <30s B 2m Q1m?0.5m _ P $ 8 A0B ( ),? 4.5m R, -T4 PUW5 cm, P 6 T 25cm,BH5, T E, 7 20cm 2 E,RQR P T Z _, B V W 1,B^ VW IQ D 4b $ 56, QR 4 60 min, 9,,,W! (1.2±1.0)g/cm 3, I Q (20±1.0)%, G MC c4_a, c4 47 D, _ P P MN5L G$, P 4UG 47 c4_ 5 min 1minB500mL?, _ 5min 1E, 47 1min, 2[_ P 47MC, Z Z_, Q?, H 5,B^ VWQ? Q,& \47? Q 6 B Excel2007 ) 2 +0/1 2.1 GV Q '? cab CD:B; M,, G()2[, C c447, =,, ` 156 2[ [17] 1_, [M $, c44 7 $ J,_ 17~22s; [ $ G(), c $ J,_ 11~20s &, c447 $ $ J K,Q, E=I [18] bjb [19] *+ MC. 30 G(), c44 7 $ J M *,60 mm/h 47 K 40 mm/h, c 447 $ 2 Q,_O O0B H8 1 O` 3K 1!GV Y! '? cp D 2[ $b2[ $(), Q 4 =J 1J,30 min _ D ( 2) =,? O,IQ, _E,M 47_, _ F -. ], GH F, Q [19] [ $(), $ J, Q QJ /20mm/hJ 40mm/h, [ $, QJ 37.3%~122.6%,\R20 J ; /40mm/hJ 60mm/h, Q J 19.1%~26.7%, $ J Q, $ J,, Q J

4 3 A : 0B D 83 [ $(), Q $ J Q >J _K, 30 Q $ J Q,M $C, 47C,C A,;M $ J, ' K, C QK 2!GVWXY '?bc : 2.2 GV Q '? AB C 2 [ $ b $ ( ), DV Y P 3N=X, =WJ F,5~20 min_ 47Q PK ( 3), E [20] Q R *+ I 1 D =, P P,, H P, 9 /, C 47 J ;, P KS, ; b,k J,K F,J L $b $, M D $ 3 B,[4 J, J, QK, I K [9,21] 3!GV Y '? : F 47 2[ $() 2MC 20mm/h 4, F, 4~6min, 40,60mm/h 4, F, 10~20min, $ J,I $ 56 =X D, $C,MN C, = F, Q, 2, 562 =X,O856 W, [22], CI Q P [ $(), $ J, Q J, 40 mm/h 20 mm/h 1.5~19.5>,\R20 J, $ $.? $ (60 mm/h),, 4, 2 S F [18], C, 40mm/h 62.5%~151.8%,2 [ $() [ $(20,40mm/h)(), $J >J _K, 30 4, $ 40mm/h4 $2[ F, P J $ 60mm/h4, $J >J _K,20min _

5 84 32 $J K, 30min_,2 [ $() $ 56 $ QR 2[ $ 2[ $() 56 D 2[ 4_, G $ 20 4,?56Q $ J J ; G $ 30 b40 4,?56Q $ J >J _K, $ 40 42[ $ ()?56Q $ 5 6 $ $(), $ J, Q J, B2 J, / 61O J, C56QJ $(), 4, -.56 S 56, PO, 56,?,,56Q ; $J, , P () /, J,56QJ ; 4, PO,. P KS,; b,3 B,56Q M D$ K [ $(), $ J,1 56Q QM J, ^M $ _2 J, K, $ 15 6 K $ * + $ 40 4?56 Q 30 4,-. $, ' K, QK, C56QK $ 0B $,G $/ ( ) 20 mm/h 56Q/g 40 mm/h 60 /h 1 K $ 30 ~40 [12] BC b E 9 CD ' 56K $ 33 ~35 4 '? Z[ R $20mm/h $ Q, 40,60 mm/h b30,40 $ 56Q H2, $ $ N ] 56Q 1_, $ 30 4, b $ B C56Q J,40,60mm/h $() $ H 55.0%,56.7%, $,. 2 ; $ 40 4,40,60mm/h $() $ H 91.1%,82.7%,, $ [, M $>?, $ ]; $J,, K $_, $ 562 =:-. B, $F ] GV Q '? Z[ Q JQ/g $JQ/g JQ/g $ /% /% : $JQ [ $, $J ` 56Q J Q; JQ [ $, J ` 56Q J Q 3 + (1) $ $ J, c447*, $ 47 $ (2) 4, QQ=WJ F,30 min_ D [ $(), Q (20,40mm/h)4 J QJ ; (60mm/h)4 QJ $, [ (), $ Q K $, Q $ J Q>J_K (3) 4=WJ F,5~20min _ PK [ $(), 20, 40mm/h 4 $ J QJ,.60mm/h C [ ( ), $ 30 4 $,40 4, $, $ K $ (30 ~40 ), $ J >J_K RS : [1],E,, b,., T 8! " G 1QR 6 [J].,2012,26 (5): [2],E,, b,., T 8! " S D[J].,2013,11(1): [3],?^6, 3.CD ' 156 P D[J].9:CD,2013,29(24): [4] `, 2,,. 0 O I C D ' [J]. X,2016,27(2): [5],, 2,",.Q R ( ) 2[ :; K 0 [J]. 1,2017,54

6 3 A : 0B D 85 (6): [6] DongJZ,ZhangKL,GuoZL.Runofandsoilerosion from highway construction spoildeposits: A rainfal simulationstudy [J].TransportationResearchPartD: TransportandEnvironment,2012,17:8 14. [7] ", 2, T,. O 5 6 DS W[J].1,2015,52(5): [8] `, 2, ',. ' P _ 6 K *+[J].? *+,2014(2): [9] <, 2,",.Q R ( ) I 3 1CD ' D [J]. B,,2015, 26(9): [10] <,, 2,.2[ :; b, [J].Y,2016,24(6): [11] PengX D,ShiD M,JiangD,etal.Runoferosion processondiferentunderlyingsurfacesfromdisturbed soilsinthethreegorgesreservoirarea,china [J]. Catena,2014,123: [12],,,. 9 () CD ' 5 6 P [J].9 : C D, 2016,32(18): [13],,,.2 CD ' QR 56 *+[J].1,2017,54(3): [14], 2,],,.b, <,2014,29 (4): [15] N A / ( Q [2016]1 ). N A / =8N` Ob 4 O Y C[Z] [16].XW#^[M]. : T, [17], M. O CY 447* +[J].,1995,9(3): [18] E=I,>.1 b [J].,2005,3(2): [19] Jb, L, U.31 S D *+[J].,2009,23(4): [20] E,,.I 1 1S D*+[J].,2011,9(1): [21] ],B, P Q. S 1 56 [J].,2010,24(2):15 18,34. [22] WilcoxBP,Wood M K,TrombleJM.Factorsinflu encinginfiltrabilityofsemiarid mountainslopes [J]. JournalofRangeManagement,1988,41: (GH 79 ) [24] SheDL,LiuDD,XiaY Q,etal.Modelingefectsof landuseandvegetationdensityonsoilwaterdynamics: Imlicationsonwaterresourcemanagement[J].Water ResourcesManagement,2014,28: [25] \,, =. 606 OPQ 1 H [J].Y,2006,14(3): [26] ShaltoutK H,ShededM G,El KadyHF,etal.Phy tosociologyandsizestructureofnitrariaretusaalong theegyptianredseacoast[j].journalofaridenvi ronment,2003,53: [27]?,R b `,S,. H 8 b! ( 犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狊狆犺犪犲狉狅犮狆犺犪犾犪 ) D O [J].,2015,35(1):1 7. [28] McClaranM P,Moore KuceraJ,MartensDA,etal. Soilcarbonandnitrogeninrelationtoshrubsizeand deathinasemi aridgrassland [J].Geoderma,2008, 145(1/2): [29] DuH D,JiaoJY,JiaYF,etal.Phytogenicmounds offourtypicalshootarchitecturespeciesatdiferent slopegradientsontheloessplateauofchina[j].ge omorphology,2013,193: [30] \,,,.X Y! ( 犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狅狉犱狅狊犻犮犪 ) - " 7 H 8 D [J]., 2016(1): [31], 33,,.T 45b 45 b=,s O *+[J]. U > ( ),2012,32(3): [32] TU,, *. ] O * + X [J].,2010,65(3): [33] 3&.60 6 < S P D * +[D].,!: 9 #,2017. [34],,E,. ]!( 犃狉狋犲犿犻 狊犻犪狅狉犱狅狊犻犮犪 ) D [J].,2015, 35(3): [35],,VA,. W D"7 P *+[J].,2009,29(4): [36],, _. ]O/0-X 1 *+[J]. B,,2006,17(4): [37] RaviS,BreshearsD D,Huxman T E,etal.Land degradationindrylands:interactionsamonghydrolog ic aeolianerosionandvegetationdynamics [J].Geo morphology,2010,116(3/4): [38] RaviS,D OdoricoP,OkinGS.Hydrologicandaeoli ancontrolsonvegetationpaternsinaridlandscapes [J].GeophysicalResearch Leters,2007,34(24):