lecture 1

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "lecture 1"

詹遂甸韩
5 years ago
Views:

1 Glass Technology Asst. Prof. Dr. Sirirat T. Rattanachan Ceramic Engineering Page 1

2 กก Shigeki Morimoto, Glass Technology I, March 2001 Horst Scholze, Glass: Nature, Structure and Properties, Springer-Verlag,1991 James E. Shelby, Introduction to glass science and technology, The royal Society of Chemistry 2005 Page 2

3 Introduction: Types, definitions Glass formation: Chemistry of glass, Crystallization, Nucleation Structure of glass: Crystalline phase, glass-making oxides Glass composition: Elementary chemistry, Raw materials, Batch and Calculation Furnace and viscosity: Measurement Page 3

4 Page 4

5 Traditional glasses: Early 1480 B.C. in Egypt: jewelry, gem-likes Glass containers Colored glasses (church windows ;year 591) Flat glass (spinning a lump of glass) -> Dinner plate-shaped Optical quality and surface finish: Poor Year > glass mirrors Page 5

6 Scientific glass era: Western Europe: glass thermometer (1550) Glass lenses (1590) Enhanced corrosion resistance (1824) Evolution of glass science (1900->) Page 6

7 ก กก -> ก กก ก กกก ก ก 2 กกก กก ก กก Page 7

8 What is Glass? ASTM standards for glass «Glass is an inorganic product of fusion which has been cooled to a rigid condition without crystallization» «Glass is a non metallic, inorganic material An isotropic material (with no preferred internal direction) A homogeneous material (with no detectable phase boundary) Solid with liquid like structure A noncrystalline solid An amorphous solid Glass กก Indo-European Shiny = glare, glow, glaze Vitreous ก Page 8

9 Supercooled liquids Glass is in the condition of a liquid that has been melted at high temperature and then solidified in a cooling process in which there is no crystallization Page 9

10 กก SiO 4 4- Tetrahedron Fused silica (Amorphous) An amorphous solid No long-range order Crystalline Page 10

11 Crystalline and vitreous structure Page 11

12 Page 12

13 กก ก Page 13

14 ก ก Soda-lime glass: SiO %, Na 2 O 11-22% Borosilicate glass: SiO %, Na 2 O 4-7%, B 2 O %, Al 2 O 3 2-5% Lead glass: SiO %, K 2 O 7-10%, Na 2 O %, PbO 6-30%, B 2 O % Quartz glass: SiO 2 >99% Vycor glass: SiO 2 glass 96% SiO 2 75%, Na 2 O 5%, B 2 O 3 20% Alumino silicate glass (+alkaline, alkaline earth) Page 14

15 ก กก กกก Soda-lime borosilicate กกก (soda-lime, borosilicate ก 96%) กกก Soda-lime, borosilicate, quartz glass Glass-ceramics Glass fiber (ZBLA glass) ZrF 4, BaF 2, LaF 3, AlF 3 Page 15

16 Glass-ceramics Page 16

17 ก Tektites (ก) Fulgarites Obsidian กก Page 17

18 Inorganic glass families (Commercial) Vitreous Silica High refractoriness High chemical resistance Very low electrical conductivity Near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion Good UV transparency High cost Page 18

19 Vitreous silica Applications Astronomical mirrors Optical fibers Crucibles for melting high-purity silicon High-efficacy lamp envelopes Page 19

20 Vitreous silica: techniques Melting high-purity quartz crystals at 1200ºC SiCl 4 Spray Flame or plasma Silica (gas phase) deposited on a substrate at 1800ºC Page 20

Soda-lime glass (Soda-lime-silicate glass) Low cost

Good chemical durability High electrical resistivity Good

expansion coefficient Thermal shock Application:

21 Soda-lime glass (Soda-lime-silicate glass) Low cost Consisted: Soda ash, limestone, sand (melt at ºC) Good chemical durability High electrical resistivity Good spectral transmission in visible region High thermal expansion coefficient Thermal shock Application: containers, glass windows, incandescent and fluorescent lamp envelopes Page 21

22 Borosilicate glass ก soda lime glass ก alkali + silica + boron oxide ( ºC) Low thermal expansion coefficient High resistance to chemical attack Application: Laboratory glass wares Household cooking utensils automobile headlamps Page 22

23 Lead silicate glass PbO, SiO 2 with soda or potash Brilliance High electrical resistivity Application: Stemware or crystal Art objects Microelectronics (conductor, resistor and dielectric pastes) Page 23

Alumino-silicate glass Alkalis and alkaline earths

$resistance to chemical corrosion Refractoriness and$ fiber component in fiber-reinforced plastics (E-glass

24 Alumino-silicate glass Alkalis and alkaline earths (MgO, CaO) High values of elastic moduli High resistance to chemical corrosion Refractoriness and thermal expansion (medium) Application: Load-bearing fiber component in fiber-reinforced plastics (E-glass and S-glass) High efficacy lamps involving the tungsten-halogen cycle Page 24

25 Other Silica-Based Oxide Glasses BaO, ZnO, La 2 O 3, Nd 2 O 3 and others in Soda-limes, Borosilicates yields glasses Optical glasses Ophthalimics Page 25

26 Other Non-silica based oxide glasses B 2 O 3 based and P 2 O 5 -based glasses are readily attacked by H 2 O Boroaluminates (Cabal glass) Akaline earth aluminates (high-temp sealant and IR-transmitting glass) V 2 O 5 -based glass V 2 O 5, TeO 2, Bi 2 O 3 or Sb 2 O 3 -> low liquidus temp. used in glass sealing of electronic components Tellurite glasses -> high refractive indices used in optical systems Page 26

27 Chalcogenide and Chalcohalide glasses Glasses obtained by melting chalcogen elements (group VI: S, Se and Te) with one or more of groups V and IV -> Chalcohalides Semiconducting (switching) behavior Photoconductivity IR-transmitting properties Mid-IR sensor applications Page 27

28 Glassy metals Amorphous metals or metallic glasses Ex: Fe 40 Ni 40 P 14 B 6 cooling rate ºC/s Application: Power transformer core laminations Fiber reinforced composites Superconducting magnetic torus used inside thermonuclear reactors Oxyhalide, oxynitride and oxycarbide glasses Oxygen is substituted in part by halogen (F,Cl) Sealing glasses Solid electrolytes Page 28

29 Halide glasses Heavy metal fluoride glasses Continuous glass fiber cable to carry transcontinental or transoceanic telecommunications ZBLA glass: 57ZrF 4.36 BaF 2.4LaF 3.3AlF 3 (mol%) Page 29

30 Amorphous Semiconductors 1960s: Si,Ge, P, As compounds such as CdGexAs 2 (x=0 to 1.2) -> A II B IV C 2V tetrahedral glasses Si 1-x H x (x=0.1 to 0.2) + Si, Ge, Sb with S, Se and Te (Chalcogen-based) Application: Computer memory, Solar cell technology Page 30

31 Page 31

32 Page 32

33 Page 33

34 Assignments กกก ก 1 กก ก ก Page 34

<B2FAC6B7BBAFD1A7B3C9B7DDB1ED28CDF8C9CFB0E6292D E786C73>

<B2FAC6B7BBAFD1A7B3C9B7DDB1ED28CDF8C9CFB0E6292D E786C73> of Diode (DO-34) Solder Dipping CCS Weight: 92 mg / pc Spec. Solder Dipping (0.4 mg) Glass Sleeve (26.08 mg) Lead Wire- Dumet (8.1 mg) Core material (6.156 mg) Cladding copper (1.944 mg) Lead Wire-CCS