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1 May Studies in Qing History No12 ( ) [ ],,, ( ), [ ] [ ] K249 [ ] A [ ] (2003) An Examination of the Shengjing Imperial Household Department s Population Registers ( ) The Shengjing Imperial Household Registers recorded demographic data on individuals at three year intervals1the registers include individual information on the relationship to household head, name, age, marital status, death, and mi2 gration1although many scholars have used these data, some basic information is unclear, such as the form of household register data and the sources, identity, and political and economical status of people, among other things1 In this essay the author examines the records of individuals included in the imperial household registers during the seventeenth and eigh2 teenth centuries in an effort to clarify some of these issues1,,,, 3600,, 1997,, [ ] [ ] (1972 ),, 2000 ;

2 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1644),,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,,, gλϖ,, ( ), gλω,,, 10, 24, 60 gλξ,, 80 :,,,,, ( ), gλψ,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, gλζ,,, 17

3 ,,,,, gλ{,, gλ,, gλ},,, :,, (, ), ( ),,,,,, gλ,, 56, 24 gµυ, gµϖ,, ( ),, gµω gµξ, gµψ,,, 18, 120 ( ), 12, , gµζ, 0136, , gµ ,, :, Lio sisan,,,,,,,, gµ},,, gµ ( ),, 744, 54, 50, 14 % ;, 769, 91, 86, 23 % gνυ,,,,,,,, gνϖ gνω, gνξ, gνψ

4 ,,, :, : ( ),,, gνζ (Dzoo, Su du) : ( ),,,,,, gν{,,,,,,, gν,,, gν}, gν,, 1175 gου, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, gοϖ,,, gοω, :,,, gοξ,,, gοψ, Noohai Su ceng giyun Su kung ging,, gοζ,, 21, gο{,,,,, gο ; 19

5 ;,, gο}, : ( ) :,,,,,,,, gο, gπυ,,,,, :,,,,,,, gπϖ,, gπω, , 37,, 5000 gπξ, :,,, 20,,,, 1168 gπψ, ( ), ( ),,, gπζ ( ),, ( ),,,,, ( ), gπ{,,,,, : Nasan,, ;,,,,,,,, gπ,, :, (

6 ), ; [ ], ;, gπ},,,,,,, gπ,,,,, gθυ, :,,,,,, gθϖ,,, ( ) ( ),,, gθω,,,,,,,, gθξ, gθψ,,,, gθζ,,,,,,,, 90, 75 gθ{, 165,, 105 gθ gθ}, gθ,, gρυ,, gρϖ ,,,,,,,,, :,,, gρω,, gρξ,,, 21

7 ,, gρψ :,,,, ( ), gρζ, gρ{, gρ,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gρ} : 22,,, ;, [ ],,,, gρ, :, ( ),,,,,,,, gσυ, gσϖ gσω,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )

8 , gσξ, : gσψ,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, gσζ,,,, , , 38110, 1151, 0117, 2,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, gσ{,,,,,,, :,,,,, gσ gσ},,,, gσ,,,, gτυ,, 23

9 11,,, (, ),,,,, gτϖ,,,, : gτω, gτξ,,,,, gτψ gτζ,, gτ{,,, 16 ; 14,,, 24, :,,,, gτ, ( ), gτ},, 21, gτ,, gβκυ,,,,, :,,,,, gβκϖ,, Ts oo da guwan Jang sicen Esentai Sira, 36 Ciowan Jen Jige 7 6, Ho deng wen 5 ; Ciyan li 11 gβκω,,,, ( ),, gβκξ,,,,,,,, ( ),,,

10 15 ; 50 ; 4 ; 2 gβκψ,,,,,,, gβκζ 16, :,, gβκ{,,,,, 16 gβκ, 15 gβκ}, 15 31,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 764, 713, 107 ; 361, 216, 167 gβκ,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, gβλυ, :,,,,, 5, 5 gβλϖ, ;,, ( ) 5, 2, 2 4, 25

11 ,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1992 :,, 1994 :,, ,, 1994 James Z1 Lee and Cameron Cambell : Fate and Fortune in Rural China : Social Organization and Population Be2 havior in Liaoning Cambridge University press, :, , :, 2000, :,,, 1998 ; :,, 1980 :, ( ),, 17 23, Dzooboo Su da, :,,, 1993, : hontoho de kadalabuha anggala I 26 bele jeterengge be sin jeku jetere aha sembi (, ), 316 gλϖ : sin jeku jetere aha ( ) jetere aha, gλωgλψ,, gλξ gµυ gµψ gµ} gνυ gνϖ gνζ gν{ gοζ gπ gθψ gρυ gρξ gρψ gρζ gρ{ gσυ gσϖ gσωgσξ gβκυ gβκϖ gβκω : ( ), 1993, 61 ; 71 ; 65 ; 382 ; ; ; 2 ; 260 ; 464 ; 464 ; ; 464 ; 443 ; 442 ; 444 ; 418 ; 533 ; 534 ; 535 ; 904 ; 382 ; 51 ; gλζ 4327 gλ{ gλ :,,, :,, gλ} :,, :,, gλ gτω,,,, [ ], (1914 ),

12 44-46 gµϖ gµω : ( ),,,,,,, 1989, 644 gµξ gο} gπζ gπ} gπ gθυ gθξ gσ gτ gβκψ gβκζ : < >, 5,, 1984, 50 ; 34 ; 43 ; 35 ; 38 ; 68 ; 6 ; 25 ; 2 ; ; 42 gµζ,, gµ{, :, gµ, : ( ) ( ),, gµ gνω, :,,,,,,,, gνξ :, :, gνψ ( ) ( :, ) gν :, 1982, 67 gν} gν gου gοϖ gοω gοξ ( ) :, 1997, 4 gοψ :,,,,,,,, gο{ gβλϖ : :, :,, 2000 gο JBB, gο gπυ gθζ gθ gρ gρ} gρ gβκ gβκ}, ; 550 ; 550 ; 644 ; 644 ; 645 ; 599 ; 608 gπϖ gπω, gπξ ( ), , 1410 ; , 6900 gπψ gπ{ :,, gθϖ gβλυ gθωgθ ( ) gθ{ gθ} :,, gρϖ gτψ gβκξ gρω gσψjbb gσζ:,, 8157,,, gσ{ gσ James Z1 Lee and Cameron Cambell, Fate and Fortune in Rural China : Social Organization and Population Be2 havior in Liaoning gσ} : ;, ;,, ( 61 ) 27

13 : 7 71, , : , % ; , % ; , 7116 % ; , 1155 % ; , %, (1) : 30, , : 55 % ; 23 % ; 17 % ; 5 % (2) : 5 35, 74482, : 49848, % ; 24636, %, (1) : 70 : 28 % ; % (2) : 166, , : , % ; , % ; , 511 % ; , 2172 % ; , 1142 %, : 8 207, , : 3613 % ; 4415 % ; 2912 %, : , , : , % ; , % ; , 2134 % ; , % :, 1984,,, ( 27 ),,, ( ), gτυ gτ :, gτϖ gτξjbb : ( ),, gτζjbb, gτ{,, 165 gτ}jbb, 2577 ( ) gβκ JBB, 2376 : 806, 27, 15,

,,,,, :,, ( ) ( ) ;,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 1,,,, :,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (1) : ( )

,,,,, :,, ( ) ( ) ;,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 1,,,, :,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (1) : ( ) 2003 5 May12003 2 Studies in Qing History No12 [],,, :,,,, [ ] [] K248 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 02-0038 - 24 The Rural - clan Landlord Economy in Northern Fujian in the Ming and Qing Periods The rural