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1 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.44 No.3 文章编号 : (2017) DOI: /PED 尼日尔 Termit 裂谷型叠合盆地油气成藏特征与主控因素周立宏 1, 苏俊青 1, 董晓伟 1, 史卜庆 2, 孙志华 2, 钱茂路 1, 楼达 1, 刘爱平 1 (1. 中国石油大港油田公司勘探开发研究院, 天津 ;2. 中国石油天然气勘探开发公司, 北京 ) 基金项目 : 中国石油海外科技专项 (CNPCNP/01/ ;CNPCNP/01/ ) 摘要 : 基于中西非裂谷系构造演化及沉积充填特征研究, 结合区域地质背景, 对尼日尔 Termit 裂谷型叠合盆地的油气成藏特征进行剖析, 并探讨其油气富集主控因素 Termit 盆地是早白垩世古近纪 2 期断陷活动形成的裂谷型叠合盆地, 发育 1 套广泛分布的上白垩统 Yogou 组海相烃源岩古近系 Sokor 组 1 段和白垩系 Yogou 组 2 套储集层以石英砂岩为主, 具有较好的孔渗特征, 在古近系 Sokor 组 2 段区域盖层之下可形成多套有利储盖组合断裂样式与油气运聚方式决定了构造带油气运聚模式, 形成 Araga 地堑 Y 型油气侧向及垂向运聚模式 Dinga 断阶多阶型油气垂向运聚模式和 Fana 转换带复式油气运聚模式油气富集受裂谷盆地构造控制, 即 2 期裂谷作用形成的断裂带控制油气的平面展布, 晚期裂谷层序内的有利储盖组合控制油气垂向富集程度图 13 表 1 参 23 关键词 : 尼日尔 ;Termit 盆地 ; 裂谷型叠合盆地 ; 油气成藏特征 ; 成藏主控因素中图分类号 :TE122.1 文献标识码 :A Controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Termit rift superimposed basin, Niger ZHOU Lihong 1, SU Junqing 1, DONG Xiaowei 1, SHI Buqing 2, SUN Zhihua 2, QIAN Maolu 1, LOU Da 1, LIU Aiping 1 (1. Exploration & Development Research Institute of PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company, Tianjin , China; 2. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing , China) Abstract: Based on the tectonic evolution and depositional characteristics of Central West African Rift System and regional geologic background, the characteristics of oil and gas accumulation in the Termit rift superimposed basin were examined, and the factors controlling oil and gas accumulation there were discussed. The Termit basin is a rift superimposed basin formed by two stages of rifting in the early Cretaceous and Paleogene, where the Yogou Formation marine source rock is widespread. The two sets of reservoirs, the first member of the Paleogene Sokor Formation and the Cretaceous Yogou Formation, dominated by quartz sandstone, have relatively good porosity-permeability characteristics. They can form multiple sets of favorable caprock-reservoir assemblage below the regional caprock of the second member of Paleogene Sokor Formation. It is found that fault pattern and oil and gas migration pattern control the oil and gas accumulation patterns in the basin, including Y-shaped hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Araga graben, multi-step vertical hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Dinga faulted terrace, and the composite hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Fana transfer zone. Hydrocarbon enrichment in this basin was controlled by tectonic evolution of rift basins, that is, fault belts formed during the two stages of rifting controlled the horizontal distribution of oil and gas, while favorable reservoir-caprock assemblages in the sequences formed in the late rifting stage controlled the vertical hydrocarbon enrichment. Key words: Niger; Termit basin; rift superimposed basin; hydrocarbon accumulation; controlling factor 引用 :,,,. Termit [J]., 2017, 44(3): ZHOU Lihong, SU Junqing, DONG Xiaowei, et al. Controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Termit rift superimposed basin, Niger[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(3): m 3 31% [1-2] [3] 2016 Termit Bongor Muglad Melut [4-5] Termit

2 Termit Dibeilla Dinga Fana Koulele Termit 1 Bongor Bonue Termit [6-10] 400 km 60 km 140 km km 2 Lake Chad Tenere Tefidet Dinga Moul Fana 3 Dinga Dinga Araga Dinga Moul Yogou Trakes Moul 1 图 1 Termit 盆地构造单元划分图

3 332 Vol. 44 No.3 [11] Termit 1.1 盆地形成与演化 Termit Lake Chad Termit [12] 3 [7] 2 [13] Doba Deseo [14] Muglad Termit 盆地沉积充填作用 [15-16] Termit 3 12 km 3 图 2 Termit 盆地构造演化图 [11] 1 Donga Yogou

4 Termit 333 图 4 Termit 盆地上白垩统 Yogou 组沉积相图图 3 Termit 盆地地层综合柱状图 4 Yogou Termit Madama 2 Sokor 1 5 Dinga Sokor 2 Sokor 2 图 5 Termit 盆地古近系 Sokor 组 1 段沉积相图

5 334 Vol. 44 No.3 10 m 2 2 Termit [17] Donga Yogou Sokor 1 3 Donga 200~500 m 图 6 Termit 盆地上白垩统干酪根碳同位素分布图 [18] 6 Anambra Benue [19] Donga Ⅱ 2 Ⅲ 7 TOC 1% S 1 +S mg/g 1 R o 1% Trakes T-1 Tn-1 Donga 图 7 Termit 盆地烃源岩有机质类型判别表 1 Termit 盆地主要烃源岩综合评价 TOC/% (S 1 +S 2 )/(mg g 1 ) /m /km 2 Sokor ~ ~ Yogou 400~ ~ ~ Donga 200~ ~ ~ Yogou 400~1 000 m Termit Yogou 600~1 000 m [19] 6 Sokor 1 Ⅱ 2 Ⅲ % 300 m Ⅱ % mg/g %~15.48% 2.2% mg/g 1 Yogou 92.7 mg/g 12.4 mg/g 1 Dinga R o 0.7%~1.8% Dinga Moul R o 0.5%~0.9% 8 Dinga km 2 Sokor

2017 6 Termit 335 20%~25% 250~600 10 3 m 2 Araga Fana Dinga

3%~0.6% Sokor 10 m 1 Dinga 14%~20% 10~100 10 3 m 2 Araga Fana

Sokor 1 Madama Yogou Donga 3 Yogou Sokor 1 Yogou Sokor Sokor 1

6 Termit %~25% 250~ m 2 Araga Fana Dinga Yogou Sokor 2 Sokor 1 E1 E5 5 20~30 m 3 Termit Dinga Dibeilla Fana Yogou 66%~99% 95.8% 2% - Yogou 图 8 Termit 盆地 Yogou 组烃源岩 Ro 等值线图 m R o 0.3%~0.6% Sokor 10 m 1 Dinga 14%~20% 10~ m 2 Araga Fana Trakes Yogou 3 Yogou Madama Yogou 3 4 Termit Sokor 2 Termit Sokor 1 Madama Yogou Donga 3 Yogou Sokor 1 Yogou Sokor Sokor 1 [19] Dinga Dinga 0.85~0.89 g/cm 3 15~50 80% 2% mpa s Araga 0.90~0.93 g/cm mpa s Sokor g/cm 3 5 mpa s

7 336 Vol. 44 No.3 Fana Yogou Termit Dinga Yogou 4.1 Araga 地堑带 Y 型油气侧向与垂向运聚模式 Araga Y 9 Sokor 2 Yogou Dinga [19] Madama Sokor 1 图 10 Dinga 断阶阶梯式油气运聚模式 Sokor Dinga Araga 图 9 Araga 地堑 Y 型油气运聚模式 Fana Dinga 断阶带多阶型油气垂向运聚模式 Dinga 30~90 km 10 10~35 km 4.3 Fana 转换带复式油气运聚模式 Fana Termit Dinga Moul 2 Sokor 70% 5 5% 10% [20-22] Muglad Melut Doba Doseo Termit [23] Bongor Tenere Termit

8 Termit 337 图 11 Fana 转换带复式油气运聚模式主要断裂带控制油气平面富集位置图 12 Termit 盆地油气运聚模式图 5.2 古近系有利储盖组合控制油气垂向富集程度 Dinga Araga Fana Termit Sokor 1 Termit 83% Yogou Madama Sokor 1 2 Sokor m Yogou Sokor Sokor 2 Sokor 1 Madama Dinga Yogou Donga 50 km [19] 12 Termit Madama 54% 70% Dinga Araga Fana Yogou 3 Yogou Trakes 13

9 338 Vol. 44 No.3 6 图 13 Termit 盆地成藏综合分析图参考文献 : [1],,,. Termit 2 Yogou Sokor Sokor 2 Araga Y Dinga Fana Araga Dinga Fana Sokor 1 2 : [J]., 2006, 33(3): DOU Lirong, PAN Xiaohua, TIAN Zuoji, et al. Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan: A comparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006, 33(3): [2],,,. [J]., 2015, 42(1): ZHAO Wenzhi, HU Suyun, LIU Wei, et al. The multi-staged golden zones of hydrocarbon exploration in superimposed petroliferous basins of onshore China and its significance[j]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(1): [3],,,. Termit [J]., 2013, 37(3): ZHANG Qinglian, HOU Guiting, PAN Xiaohua, et al. Mechanics of Termit Basin in central Africa rift systems[j]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2013, 37(3): [4],,,. Muglad Fula [J]., 2015, 42(3): WU Dong, ZHU Xiaomin, LI Zhi, et al. Depositional models in Cretaceous rift stage of Fula sag, Muglad Basin, Sudan[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(3): [5],,,. Termit [J]., 2012, 33(3):

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( 1) ; 6 5 [ 3 ] S1 S2 1 Fig. 1 Seismic sequence prof ile framework of Wuliyasitai Sag S1 () ( 2) S2 ( ) Ο 2 S1 Fig. 2 Sedimentary fa

( 1) ; 6 5 [ 3 ] S1 S2 1 Fig. 1 Seismic sequence prof ile framework of Wuliyasitai Sag S1 () ( 2) S2 ( ) Ο 2 S1 Fig. 2 Sedimentary fa 27 3 2006 5 ACTA PETROL EI SIN ICA Vol. 27 No. 3 May 2006 : 0253Ο2697 (2006) 03Ο0027Ο05 1 2 2 2 (11 610059 ; 21 062552) : 2 ; : ; ;; ;; : TE1111 3 : A Forming pattern and distribution features of hydrocarbon