Ansoft HFSS Version 7 Training Section 2: Projects, HFSS Design Flow 2-1
Synopsis The Project Manager Definitions Directories Project Configuration Management The HFSS Executive Level Executive Window HFSS Design Flow Stages Pre-processing Solution Post Processing 2-2
The Maxwell Project Manager Starting the Maxwell Toolbar: PC: Use shortcut or Run: maxwell.exe from install directory UNIX: Type maxwell & in Xterm window Analytical modeling efforts using Ansoft software are referred to as projects A project consists of files which define a model, files which comprise its solution, and all files which comprise data gathered from that solution Projects are created, accessed, and managed via the Project Manager button on the main Maxwell toolbar 2-3
The Project Manager Interface Data regarding the currently selected project The Project List: Create, Rename, Copy, Move, and Delete Projects Open the currently selected project The Directory List: Manage Directories and Directory Aliases for Project Storage Recover selected project from any interrupted condition 2-4
Project Manager Basics Project Directories can be existing disk directories on your hard drive, or created as subdirectories to existing directory structure Do not confuse a Project Directory, which contains many projects, with the project s directory, the folder containing all the files for a single project. The latter will have the form projectname.pjt When moving or copying projects, begin in the destination directory Move and copy permits you to browse to the location of the source; where the command was begun defines the directory the operation will move/copy the project to. A project s files are managed so that the setup files must go with any existing mesh and solution data!!! This is intentional, to preserve the configuration from which any solution was derived. Editing a project s setup files may delete meshes and solutions! To create a variation of an existing solved project, copy the original, and work on the copy! Recover should unlock projects in the event of access errors Reclassify allows updating of projects to newer versions of the same software 2-5
HFSS Executive Window Design Flow Checklist Executive Display Options Executive Display Window Model View Display Options This is the starting window seen when opening an HFSS Project. The checklist at the left accesses project construction steps and reflects current status. Buttons on the checklist reflect the HFSS project design flow Solution Monitoring Window NOTE: All 3D Display windows in HFSS will have a BLACK background. This is not currently editable in HFSS Version 7. Graphical window images have been inverted for this and all subsequent training presentations for better paper reproduction. 2-6
HFSS Design Checklist 1. Define type of project Driven is excited Eigenmode is not 2. Construct the geometry to be analyzed. 5. Set up solution parameters 3. Define materials used in the model. 4. Define boundary conditions and source excitations for the model (Optional Step: Define output parameters for emissions problems; access ports-only solutions.) 6. EXECUTE SOLUTION! 7. Review results of analysis Matrix Data and Plot access S-parameters, etc. Fields accesses field visualization and calculations 2-7
HFSS Analysis Design Flow Executive Window checklist reflects 3 stages of Project design flow PRE-PROCESSING All steps necessary to define the problem space and its characteristics Geometry Construction Material Assignment (set Volume conditions) Source/Boundary Assignment (set Surface conditions) Solution setup (desired frequency range, convergence, etc.) SOLUTION The actual solution of the problem defined in Pre-Processing above. Most of this step is automatic Excitation Solution Meshing and Matrix Solution POST-PROCESSING Evaluation of the results of the model Plot S-parameters, other circuit parameters, field quantities, etc. Generate antenna patterns, RCS response, etc. 2-8
HFSS Analysis Design Flowchart Construct Geometry (User Input) Define Volume Conditions (User Input) Define Surface Conditions (User Input) Define Solution Requirements (User Input) 2D Excitation Solution (Automatic) 3D Mesh Generation (Automatic, User Input Optional) Solve 3D Matrix (Automatic) View/Plot S- Parameters (User Input) View/Plot Fields (User Input) PRE-PROCESSING SOLUTION POST-PROCESSING 2-9
Pre-Processing: Geometry Definition Modeled Geometry (interior air) Actual Structure HFSS solves for Field Behavior Therefore, Geometry must include all volumes in which E- and H- fields will exist Metals may be treated as surface conditions only; thickness need not be modeled if penetration is negligible effect (thickness > skin depth) Example: For a Waveguide Tee, we model the air inside, NOT the actual metal wall and flanges 2-10
Pre-Processing: Geometry Definition, cont. Fed (Port) End Interior Air and Radiation Volume Geometry Example Two: For Antenna Structures, Modeled Geometry must contain some volume of air/dielectric into which fields are intended to radiate Pictured Model is 1/4 of a corrugated conical horn antenna; contained air shown as wireframe view Note: Model would also be valid without metal horn wall present! Wall merely makes boundary definition easier 2-11
Pre-Processing: Material Assignment (Volume Conditions) Dielectrics and air inside coax contains fields Metal inner conductor volume left in model, but interior not solved (Outer conductor volume not modeled; surface conductivity condition applied to exterior of dielectric in next step) All volumes within the modeled space must have electromagnetic Material characteristics assigned Note: Objects created as 2D surfaces can not have material assignments, as they have no volume. Volumes given dielectric properties will have interior field behavior solved. Volumes given conductive properties will most often NOT have interior field behavior solved. An impedance boundary condition will be applied to their exterior surface instead (see next slide) User option to solve inside for semiconductors, thickness considerations 2-12
Pre-Processing: Geometry Implications of Material Assignment LEGAL: Cylinder split into two pieces: one inside and one outside box LEGAL: Cylinder nests inside hole in box (shown offset for clarity) ILLEGAL! Cylinder and box volumes intersect: which material condition takes priority in shared volume??? Since all volumes in the model received material assignments, care must be taken to prevent conflicting assignments resulting from overlapping objects. Volumes may be interlocking, but not penetrating one another s surface Volumes may be wholly contained by other volumes Volumes which intersect prevent the software from determining which material applies for the intersected region The 3D geometry modeler will test and warn if overlaps are found 2-13
Pre-Processing: Boundary Assignment (Surface Conditions) Dielectric substrate and air above contain fields Ground Plane modeled by applying conductive boundary condition to bottom face of substrate Filter Trace modeled as 2D object with conductive boundary condition Symmetry condition bisects model along center of trace Both interior and exterior surfaces of a model may have boundary conditions applied Boundary Conditions influence the way the fields propagate in the surrounding volume Used to simulate metals, thin-film resistors, freespace radiation, or field symmetry conditions Example: A model of a microstrip line might use a conductive boundary to represent the metal trace and ground plane 2-14
Pre-Processing: Boundaries, cont. (Excitation Surface Conditions) Waveguide walls are conductive boundaries Port face, showing resulting field excitation (4 ports total, only one shown) To solve for field behavior within a structure, the behavior must be excited by some input signal Inputs are applied as boundary conditions to surfaces Exceptions: Plane-waves (RCS) and H int (ferrite biasing) apply to volumes Example: The waveguide propagating mode field is introduced into the hybrid model by assigning port excitation boundary conditions at the end faces 2-15
Executive Parameters: Emissions Test NOTE: For many HFSS Users, the Emissions Test setup is rarely used. However, for EMI/EMC analysis (radiated emissions, radiated susceptibility, etc.) the Emissions Test setup is very important. The Solution Setup presentation will discuss the fact that field data is only saved for the final frequency of a Discrete Sweep, making Emission evaluation at different frequencies difficult after the fact. The Emission Test setup permits gathering of radiated field data while the 3D solution is being processed at each frequency of a Discrete sweep. An Emissions Test allows calculation of radiated field data for different excitation options during problem solution Radiated Fields can be requested for different ranges and surface profiles All ports and modes in the problem can be excited in any combination Radiation can be computed for any desired angular step in phi and theta 2-16
Solution: Solution Setup Provide the desired solution criteria Frequency for Solution Frequency for Adaptive Solution Process Frequency Range for Sweeps Convergence Criteria Acceptable Delta-S Maximum Number of Adaptive Passes Type of Solution Desired Ports Only (excitation parameters only), or All (full 3D structure solution) Impedance only (to fill in alternate impedance definitions) Pressing the Solve button begins the process defined by the above specifications 2-17
Executive Parameters: Port Impedances Interface is visually identical to boundary assignment module Provides quick access to Port Solution Field Displays Use after at least a Ports Only solution has been performed Verify excited modal field pattern is intended one before evaluating 3D solution data 2-18
Post-Processing: S-Parameters S-Parameters, Impedances, and Propagation Constants can be viewed in tabular or graphical form Cartesian and Smith Charts S-Parameters can be manipulated to provide other data Deembedding changes reference plane locations Renormalization changes impedance reference for comparison to measurements or export to circuit tools Y- and Z-matrices can be calculated, displayed, and plotted 2-19
Post-Processing: Field Visualization Field Quantities may be viewed in magnitude and vector form, both as snapshots and animations Calculations upon solved field quantities can be performed and their results plotted Far-Field data (radiation, RCS patterns) can be generated and plotted Example Shown: Mag-E on substrate and Antenna Gain Patterns for CPWfed Patch 2-20
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