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1 Workshop 5: Basic Transient Sources and Circuit 16.0 Release ANSYS Maxwell 3D ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

2 Transient Setup About Workshop This workshop discusses basic setup details of Magnetic Transient solver The transient setup is described with two different excitation methods Example 1: Transient With Sources This example shows setup of Transient solver with time varying excitation applied through datasets and equation. Final assigned excitation is evaluated based on combined output of both methods Exampled 2: Transient With Circuits This example explains the setup of transient excitations through External Circuit method. The excitation circuit is setup using Maxwell Circuit Editor Maxwell excitation values are calculated based on the circuit model assigned through circuit editor ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

3 ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015 Example 1: Transient With Sources

4 Problem Setup Create Design Select the menu item Project Insert Maxwell 3D Design, or click on the icon Change the name of the Design to BE_Trans_Sources Set the Solution Type: Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Solution Type Solution Type Window: 1. Choose Magnetic > Transient 2. Click the OK button ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Create Core Create Regular Polyhedron Select the menu item Draw Regular Polyhedron 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of the base X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key 2.

5 Create Core Create Regular Polyhedron Select the menu item Draw Regular Polyhedron 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of the base X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius dx: 2, dy: 2, dz: 20, Press the Enter key 3. Number of Segments: 24 Change the name of the Object to Core Change the material of the object to ferrite ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Create Coil Create Regular Polyhedron Select the menu item Draw Regular Polyhedron 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of the base X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key 2.

6 Create Coil Create Regular Polyhedron Select the menu item Draw Regular Polyhedron 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of the base X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius dx: 3, dy: 3, dz: 20, Press the Enter key 3. Number of Segments: 24 Change the name of the Object to Coil Change the material of the object to copper Subtract Objects Press Ctrl and select the objects Coil and Core from the history tree Select the menu item, Modeler Boolean Subtract 1. Blank Parts: Coil 2. Tool Parts: Core 3. Clone tool objects before operation: Checked 4. Click the OK button ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

7 Create Coil Terminal Create Coil terminal Select the object Coil from the history tree Select the menu item Modeler Surface Section 1. Section Plane: YZ 2. Press OK Change the name of the resulting sheet to Terminal Separate Sheets Select the sheet Terminal from the history tree Select the menu item Modeler Boolean Separate Bodies Delete Extra Sheet Select the sheet Terminal_Separate1 from the history tree Select the menu item Edit Delete ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

8 ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015 Assign Excitation Note: The excitation for this problem will be a voltage source with a 1KHz triangular wave superimposed on a 50 Hz sine wave that has a 50 volt DC offset. Triangular wave will be specified through a design dataset. Specify Dataset Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Design Datasets In Datasets window, select Add In Add Dataset window, Name: DSet_A Coordinates: 1. X1 = 0 Y1 = 0 2. X2 = 250e-6 Y2 = 1 3. X3 = 750e-6 Y3 = X4 = 1e-3 Y4 = 0 Select OK and Done

Assign Excitation (Contd ) Add Winding Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Excitations Add Winding In Winding window, 1. Name: Winding_A 2. Type: Voltage 3. Stranded: Checked 4. Initial Current: 0 A 5.

9 Assign Excitation (Contd ) Add Winding Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Excitations Add Winding In Winding window, 1. Name: Winding_A 2. Type: Voltage 3. Stranded: Checked 4. Initial Current: 0 A 5. Resistance: 25 ohm 6. Inductance: 0 H 7. Voltage: *sin(2*PI*50*Time) + 5*pwl_periodic(DSet_A, Time) 8. Press OK Note: The expression specified for Voltage has three different components 1. The first term is a 50 V DC offset 2. The second term is a 25 Vp-p, 50 Hz sine wave 3. The third term is a 5 Vp-p, 1 KHz triangular wave Final applied voltage will be combined output of all three components ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Assign Excitation (Contd ) Assign Coil Terminal Select the sheet Terminal from the history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Excitations Assign Coil Terminal In Current Excitation window, 1.

10 Assign Excitation (Contd ) Assign Coil Terminal Select the sheet Terminal from the history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Excitations Assign Coil Terminal In Current Excitation window, 1. Name: CoilTerminal1 2. Number of Conductors: Press OK Add Terminal to Winding In Project manager window, expand the tree for Excitations Right click on the tab CoilTerminal1 and select Add to Winding In Add to Winding window, 1. Select Winding_A 2. Press OK ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

11 Create Region Create Simulation Region Select the menu item Draw Region In Region window, 1. Padding all directions similarly: Checked 2. Padding Type: Percentage Offset Value: Press OK Note: As core and coil are in direct contact with each other, an insulation boundary is needed to be defined between them to avoid current leakage from coil to core. But in or case its is not necessary as the ferrite core has a conductivity = 0.01S/m which below the default conductor/insulation threshold of 1S/m ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

12 Apply Mesh Operations Note: A transient solver does not use the adaptive meshing technique. Thus manual mesh specifications are required to refine the mesh in important regions to achieve accuracy of results. Apply Mesh Operations for Core Select the object Core from the history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Mesh Operations Assign On Selection Length Based In Element Length Based Refinement window, 1. Name: Length1 2. Restrict Length Of Elements: Unchecked 3. Restrict the Number of Elements: Checked 4. Maximum Number of Elements: Press OK ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

13 Apply Mesh Operations (Contd ) Apply Mesh Operations for Coil Select the object Coil from the history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Mesh Operations Assign On Selection Length Based In Element Length Based Refinement window, 1. Name: Length2 2. Restrict Length Of Elements: Unchecked 3. Restrict the Number of Elements: Checked 4. Maximum Number of Elements: Press OK ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Analyze Create an analysis setup: Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Analysis Setup Add Solution Setup Solution Setup Window: 1. General tab Stop Time: 20 ms Time Step: 100 us 2.

14 Analyze Create an analysis setup: Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Analysis Setup Add Solution Setup Solution Setup Window: 1. General tab Stop Time: 20 ms Time Step: 100 us 2. Click the OK button Run Solution Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Analyze All Note: By default few output quantities are calculated for all time steps. Fields are saved only for Stop time. If user need to post process fields for any in-between time steps, they need to save the fields at required time steps using save fields tab ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

15 Plot the Voltage and Current Create Plots Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Results Create Transient Report Rectangular Plot In Reports window, 1. Category: Winding 2. Quantity: Current (Winding_A) 3. Select New Report 4. Change Quantity to InputVoltage (Winding_A) 5. Select New Report Current Input Voltage ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

16 ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015 Example 2: Transient With Circuit

17 Problem Setup Copy Design Select the design BE_Trans_Sources from Project manager tree. Right click and select Copy Select the name of the project from Project Manager tree Right click on it and select Paste Rename the new design as BE_Trans_Circuit Modify Winding Setup Expand the Project Manager tree to view Excitations Double click on Winding_A under Excitations Change the Type to External Press OK Note: When Excitation Type is set to External, External circuit will be used to calculate inputs for winding ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Editor a Component is created by default corresponding to winding in Maxwell.

18 Create External Circuit Launch Maxwell Circuit Editor Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Excitations External Circuit Edit External Circuit In Edit External Circuit window, Select Edit Circuit Maxwell Circuit Editor will launch in separate window In Maxwell Circuit Editor a Component is created by default corresponding to winding in Maxwell. The name of the winding is same as used in Maxwell in Maxwell 3D Excitations Add Winding. If users add winding by themselves they should ensure these names match ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Create External Circuit (Contd ) Add Source Components Change the tab in Project Manager window to Components In Project Manager window, expand the tree for Maxwell Circuit Elements > Sources.

19 Create External Circuit (Contd ) Add Source Components Change the tab in Project Manager window to Components In Project Manager window, expand the tree for Maxwell Circuit Elements > Sources. Select the element Vsin from the tree, drag and drop it on the worksheet. Press Esc to exit component insertion Double click on the component to modify its properties 1. Change the value of Va to 100 V 2. Change the value of VFreq to 50 Hz Similarly add another source VSin 1. Change the value of Va to 10 V 2. Change the value of VFreq to 1000 Hz ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

20 Create External Circuit (Contd ) Add Other Components Similarly add Passive Elements > Res 1. Change the value of R to 25 ohm Add Probes > Voltmeter Build Circuit Select the menu item Draw Wire to draw wires Select the menu item Draw Ground to add ground Build the circuit as shown in image Note: Circuit will provide a 10V 1KHz sinusoid superimposed on 100V 50Hz Sine wave ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

Save File 21 2015 ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015 Transfer Circuit to the Maxwell Select the menu item File Save 1. Save the file with the name WS5_BasicTransient_Circuit.

21 Save File ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015 Transfer Circuit to the Maxwell Select the menu item File Save 1. Save the file with the name WS5_BasicTransient_Circuit.amcp Export Circuit Select the menu item Maxwell Circuit Export Netlist 1. Save the file with the name WS5_BasicTransient_Circuit.sph Import circuit in Maxwell Return to Maxwell window In Edit External Circuit window, 1. Select Cancel 2. Select the tab Import Circuit 3. Browse to file WS5_BasicTransient_Circuit.sph 4. Select the file and press OK

22 Analyze Run Solution Solution setup is already copied from original design Select the menu item Maxwell 3D Analyze All Note: When an external circuit is defined, the time step is controlled from the circuit simulator. The time step values are calculated based circuit transients and occurrences such as switching instances. Due to variable time steps resulting from circuit, Maxwell can miss the Save Fields points if defined in Solution Setup. Thus fields of the next time step occurring after the missed point will be saved. Users can set the minimum time step size used for circuit simulator from Maxwell 3D Excitations External Circuit Set Minimum Time Step ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

23 Plot the Voltage and Current Plot the Voltage and Current Plots from previous design will still be there. But Voltage plot has no reference since Input voltage is not applied but received from circuit Double click on the plot from Project manager tree 1. Change Category to NodeVoltage 2. Quantity: NodeVoltage 3. Select Apply Trace Current Input Voltage ANSYS, Inc. March 19, 2015

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