( 自然科学版 ) 40 12 Journal of South China University of Technology Vol 40 No 12 2012 12 Natural Science Edition December 2012 1000-565X 2012 12-0070-09 * - 510640 统计表明, 在汽车交通事故中人体胸部和腹部的损伤占很大的比例 为了研究汽 车碰撞事故中人体胸腹部的生物力学响应与损伤机理, 文中利用建立的人体胸 - 腹部生 物力学有限元仿真模型, 并引入国际同行已进行的相同部位尸体实验研究数据, 对碰撞过 程中人体胸腹部的生物力学响应进行了仿真分析 文献尸体实验与仿真过程中胸腹部的 受力 加速度 胸腹部压缩变形量以及应力 应变分布等指标的对比结果表明, 仿真结果与实验数据具有很好的一致性 研究表明, 人体胸 - 腹部生物力学响应的有限元模拟能够准确地反应碰撞过程中人体胸 - 腹部的损伤程度, 文中提出的模型可以用于汽车车身结构 约束系统 防护系统等方面的安全性设计和评估 汽车安全 ; 胸腹部损伤 ; 损伤机理 ; 生物力学响应 ; 碰撞法规 TH113 doi: 10 3969 /j issn 1000-565X 2012 12 013 NASS 35 3% 2 8% 4 6% 26 7% 18 2% 4 1% 5 1% 45% 1 2012-10-18 * 2009ZZ0002 2011E10002 1959- E-mail fclan@ scut edu cn
12-71 1 胸腹部损伤机理 60g Cavanaugh 5 60 ~ 80g 1 6 2 6 3 1 2 3 3 3 kn 8 kn 5 kn AIS 4 25% 6 3ms GB 20071 2006 2 5 kn FMVSS 214 TTI TTI 2 1 Fig 1 Relationship between human injury tolerance and acceleration as well as time 6 2 胸腹部损伤评价指标 g Mertz 3-4 6 2 1 6 2 Fig 2 Relationship between thorax acceleration and injury probability 6
72 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 TTI =1 4AGE +0 5 RIBy + SPINEy MASS/MASSstd 1 AGE RIBy 4 8 SPINEy C 12 AIS = - 3 78 + 19 56C MASS MASSstd 40 ~ 90 mm 75 kg 38 4% AIS 4 25% 4 10 Forbes 12 AIS 2 2 38% AIS3 50% AIS3 25% Patrick Kroell 7-9 ECE R95 RDC Kroell RDC 42 mm 8-9 30% 13 75 mm 2 3 VC AIS 3 50% 3 10 Viano 11 5 10 16 VC 2 58 ~ 61 mm 25% d D t D t VC = dt D 3 D t t m VC m /s Fig 3 3 10 Relationship between thorax compression and damage probability 10 Fig 5 5 10 Relationship between speed and injury type 10 Fig 4 Viano 6 1989 VC = 1 0 m /s AIS 3 50% 4 10 VC 1 0 m /s ECE Relationship between thorax compression rate and R95 1 0 m /s6 10 damage probability 10 VC
12-73 6 10 VC Fig 6 Relationship between VC and injury probability 10 Kroell 8-9 3 正面与侧面碰撞下的胸腹部生物力学响应 23 59 kg 15 24 cm 6 7 m /s 3 1 50 60 ms8 X CT 0 15 30 45 ms MRI 9 a 15 ~ 20 ms 4100 N 4250 N 5% 9 b 8-30 075 kg126 2 664889 547109 8 903 3 15 ~ 30 mm 7 Fig 7 7 - Finite element model of thorax and abdomen based on biomechanics 3 2 8 Fig 8 Biomechanical response to frontal collision
74 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 Fig 10 10 Biomechanical response of thorax side collision Fig 9 9 Model-to-test comparison for frontal collision 3 3 14-16 15 24 cm 50 kg 5 6 ± 0 3 m /s 6 5 6 m /s 6 10 60 ms 0 15 30 45 ms 11 a Fig 11 Model-to-test comparison for side collision 8 ~ 12 ms 3 600 N 3 760 N 5% 11 b - 6
12-75 150 mm23 4 kg 6 7 m /s 150 ms 3 4 13 Cavanaugh 5 1986 - - 32 kg 6 1 m /s 13 a 60 ~ 80 ms 3 4 200 N 60 ms 12 a 10% 13 b - 30 ms 2 685 N 5% 12 b - 13 Fig 13 Model-to-test comparison for abdomen during side collision 12 Fig 12 Model-to-test comparison for frontal collision of bar 4 3 5 1989 Bir 16
76 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 2 Table 2 Regulations of occupant thorax injury in various countries and regions 4 汽车碰撞中胸腹部损伤的评估标准 与法规分析 C 50 mm 1 Table 1 3 1 Table 3 Regulations of occupant abdominal injury in various Human tolerance for thorax and abdomen collision countries and regions 60g 3 ms 60g TTI 85 ~ 90g ASA 30g AIS4 + 45g 39g 3 3 kn 8 8 kn 10 2 kn AIS3 + 2 9 kn 3 1 kn AIS4 + 5 5 kn 3 9 kn 6 7 kn AIS3 + 166 kpa AIS4 + 216 kpa 20% 32% 38% AIS4 + 40% 38% 48% 44% AIS3 + 1 m /s 1 m /s 1 m /s 1 m /s VC AIS4 + 1 3 m /s 1 47 m /s 1 4 m /s 1 98 m /s VC C C 75 mm C 3ms FMVSS 208 60g ECE R95 VC 1 0 m /s 2 3 C 75 mm C 60 mm 60g VC 1 0 m /s C 42 mm 2 5 kn 130g 6 kn VC 1 0 m /s 1-3 1 2 3 5 结语
12-77 7 Patrick L M Mertz H J Kroell C K Cadaver knee chest and head impact loads C Proceedings of 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1967 168-182 8 Kroell C K Schneider D C Nahum A M Impact tolerance and response to the human thorax C Proceedings of 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1971 84-134 9 Kroell C K Schneider D C Nahum A M Impact tolerance and response to the human thorax II C Proceedings of 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1974 383-457 10 Michael Kleinberger Emily Sun Rolf Eppinger Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of ad- vanced automotive restraint systems R Washington D C National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1998 1-122 1 Hu Jingwen Kathleen D Klinich Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles R Michigan The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 2012 1-53 2 Zhou Q Rouhana S W Melvin J W Age effect on thoracic injury tolerance C Proceedings of 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1996 13-30 3 Mertz H J Gadd C W Thoracic tolerance to whole-body deceleration C Proceedings of 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1971 135-137 4 Mertz H J Irwin A Melvin J et al Size weight and biomechanical impact response requirements for adult size small female and large male dummies C SAE Technical Paper 890756 Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1989 5 Cavanaugh J M Zhu Y Huang Y et al Injury and response of the thorax in side impact cadaveric tests C Proceedings of 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1993 199-222 6 Viano D C Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact C Proceedings of 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1989 113-142 11 Viano D C Lau I V A viscous tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment J Journal of Biomechanics 1988 21 5 387-399 12 Forbes P A Cronin D S Deng Y C Multi-scale human body model to predict side impact thoracic trauma J International Journal of Crashworthiness 2006 11 3 203-216 13 J 2007 5 1-4 Cao Li-bo Wu Shi-bing Study on the method of simulation to evaluation the occupant ingurg of side impact the thorax J Beijing Automotive Engineering 2007 5 1-4 14 Chung J Cavanaugh J M King A I et al Thoracic injury mechanisms and biomechanical responses in lateral velocity pulse impacts C Proceedings of 43rd Stapp Car Crash Confe-rence Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1999 39-45 15 Neathery R F Analysis of chest impact response data and scaled performance recommendations C Proceedings of 18th Stapp Car Crash conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers 1974 459-493 16 Bir Cynthia Viano David King Albert Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts J Journal of Biomechanics 2008 41 2 73-79
78 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 Biomechanical Responses and Injury Evaluation of Human Thorax and Abdomen During Vehicle Collision Lan Feng-chong Cai Zhi-hua Chen Ji-qing Ma Zheng-wei School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong China Abstract Statistical data has shown that the thoracic and abdominal injury takes a great proportion in the human injury in vehicle traffic accidents In order to investigate the biomechanical responses to the injuries of human thorax and abdomen and the corresponding mechanisms during vehicle collision a biomechanical finite element model of human thorax and abdomen is constructed the data of cadaver tests of human thorax and abdomen performed by international peer scholars are introduced and then biomechanical responses of human thorax and abdomen during vehicle collision are simulated in terms of force acceleration compression deformation and stress-strain distribution It is found from a comparative analysis that the simulated results accord well with the tested ones and that the finite element simulation of biomechanical responses of human thorax and abdomen accurately reflects the injury degree during the collision It is thus concluded that the proposed model can be applied to the optimal design and evaluation of vehicle structure safety restraint system and protection system Key words vehicle safety thoracic /abdominal injury injury mechanism biomechanical response collision regulation 殰 櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆 殰 2012 9 25 1200 ~ 1500 m /min 5 櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆 殰 殰