( ) 001 1997 AMERIKAS FIRST LADIES ( 131 ) 850 1168 32 10.25 4 200 2001 6 1 2001 6 1 : 1 ISBN 7-224-05752-5 / K837.128.5=5 : 16.50
1 8 ( 1861 1948) 20,? (1861 1943) 34 ( 1860 1914 ) 44 1
( 1872 1961 ) 59 ( 1860 1924 ) 72 (1879 1957) 88 (1875 1944) 102 ( 1884 1962) 125 ( 1885 1982 ) 143 (1896 1979) 2
159 ( 1929 1994 ) 182 (1912 ) 199 ( 1912 1993 ) 216 ( 1918 ) 230 (1927 ) 251 ( 1923 ) 277 3
(1925 ) 296 (1947 ) 4
:,,,,, 19 1870,, ( 1877 1881),,,, : 1
,, 1834 1965,,,,,, (,, ( 1809 1817 ) (1844 1845),,,,,,,, 2
:,,,,,, (,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 19,, 3
(1901 1909),,,,,, ( 1909 1913 ), ( 1913 1914),,, (1933 1945),,,,,, ( 1961 1963 ) (1963 1969), ( 1974 1977 ) 4
1789,,,, :?,,,,, : J G 27 125, 1952 1956 1964,, 5
,, 1976, ( ) 1992 :,,,,,,,,,,, :, 20, 1901, 6
1933 30,,, 25 30, : 2010, 7
(1861 1948) 1861 8 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8
( ),,,,,,,,, 17,,,,,,,, 1885,,,, 1885 11,,,,, 9
,,, 1886 12 2,, 28, 25,,,,,,,,,,,, 26, 12, ( ) ( ) ( ) 1887 9 13, 1897 11 19, 10
,,,,, :,,, :,,, :,,,,,,, :, 1898,, 1899 1901, 11
, 1900,,,,,,, :? 1901 9,, 1901 9 14, : 2 15, 26, 42,,,,,,, 12
,, : ; :,,,,, 1902,,,,, 1906 2 17 22 36 13
680,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :!,!, 1400, 14,
, 1911,, ( ) ( ),,, 1902 2 25,,,,,,,,,,,, 15
,,,,, 1908 18, 1909 2,, :,,,,, 1909 3 3,, 19,, 11, 1912,,,,,,, 16
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1918 7, 23,, 1918 11 11,,, 1919 1 5,,,, :,,, 60, 77,, 1932,, 17
,,,,,, 1943 6 4 1944 7 12, 56,,, :, 1936,,,,,, 1948 9 30,, 87,, 16 15 41.4 :, 18
,, 1948 12, 19
,? (1861 1943) : 17,,,,,,,,,, 1908,,, 20
,?, : 150,, : : 1909 5 4,,,, :,,, :,,,,, :, : 1921 1921 6 30 1930 2 3, 21
11 1861 1 2,,,,,,,,,, 18,, :,,,,,,,, 22
,?,,, 1882,,,,,, 1885,,,,, 1886 6 19 25, 29,, 100, 1000,, 23
1889 9 8, :, 1891 8 1 1897 9 20,,,,,,, 1890,,,, 1900 1,,, 1901 7 4,, 18, 24
,?, :,,,,,,,,, 1901 10,,,,,,,,, 1903 1,,,,,, 1908 25
,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :?,,,,, 8000,,,, 26
,?,,, 6000 1908,,,,,, 1906, 1908,,,, 1908 6,,,, 49, 20, 27
,,,, 1908 11,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 28
,?,,,, 1909,, 80, 1909 12 10, 2000,,,,, 300 1912 3 27,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 29
: ( ), :,,,,,, 1909 3 25,, :,,,,,,,,, : :,,, 30
,?,,, 151, 190,,,, 1909 5,, 1910,,,,,,,,,,, : 1911 6, 5000, 31
, 40 15000,, 1912,,, 32, 1911, :!,, 1,
,?, :,,,,,, :,, 1919,,, : 1930 3 :, 475000 1943 5 22 13, 82 :, 33
(1860 1914), 1913, 1907,,,,,, 34
,,,, 75000,,, 200,,,,,,,, :,,,, 35
:,,,,,,, 28 ( 1913 1921) 1860 5 15,,, 20,,,, 1883,,,,,, 1883 4, 36
,,, 9,, 11,,,,,,,,, :? 1884,,, 1885 1,,, 1500, 1885 6 24 37
, 1886 4 30,, 1887 1889,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,? :,,, 38
, :,,,, :, :,,, 40, :,,,, 1883 1913, 1400, 1903,,,, 39
,, :,,,,, 1912, :?, :, :,, 1913 50, 40
,,,,, ;,,,,, 1913 11 25 1914 5 7,,,, 41
1914 3 7, 5,,,,,, 1914 8 6 5,, :, 54,, :,?,,,, 31,,,,,, :, 42
,,,, : 43
(1872 1961),1917 1914 10,, 1915 3,,,, 44
,,,,,,, :,, 1675 19, 1872 10 15 9,,,,,,, 45
11,, 26,,,,, 15,,,,,, 17,,,,,,,, 46
,,,,,,,,, 1896 4 30,,,,,,, 1904,,,,,,, 1908 1 28, 45 35,, 47
, 17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1915,, : entertaining ( ) entering ( ), 48
,, ( ) :,?,, 1915 5 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1916, 9,,,, :, 49
( ) 1916,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50
,,,, 10 6, 1915 12 18, 40 43, 16, :,,,,,, 1916,,,,,, 51
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1919 6 4,,,,,,, 1920, 1921 9 15 1917 4,, 52
,,,, 1918 12 4,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 9 4 24, 29 40 53
,,,, 9 25, 10 2,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, T P 54
,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, P,,,,,,,,, 55
,,, B M,, :,,,,, 1920 3 1920 4,, 1920,, 1921 3 4,,, :,,,,, 56
,,,,, 1924,, 1924 2 3 11 15,,, 37 328,, 1928 1932 1960,,, : 1961 1,, 89 S 1961 12 28, 89 57
, 105 1927, 1939,, 58
(1860 1924), 1923, 59
, 1927,,,,, 16, 1923 1,,,, 20,,, 1000, 1919,,,,,, B,,,,,,, 60
,, : 1921,,,,,,,,, 20,,, 1920, 1964, 41, 200, 1971 : 2014 61
,, 1860 8 15,,,,, 1880 3,,,,,,,,, 50, 1886,,,,,,,,, 62
,, 1890,,,,, 30,, 1891 7 8, 25,,,,,,, 11,,,,,, 14 :, 14, 63
,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 1905,,,,,, : 64
, 1898,, 1902 1914,, 1915,,,,,, 1920,, :,,,,, :,?? 65
!,,,,,,, :, 1920 5,, 1865 11 2 2 :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 66
,,,,,,,,,,, 1921 3 4,,,,,,,, :, 1922, 6576, 67
, 400 3000,,, 1921 3 1923 8, 120,,,,, :,,,,,,, 68
,,,,,,,, 1921 11 11,,,,,,,? 1922 9,,, 69
1923,,,,, 1923 8 2,,,, 57,,, B 1930,,,,,,,,,,, 70
,,,,,, 32,,,,,,,, 1924 11 21, 64 1927 12 20,,, 80 1931 6 16,,, 71
(1879 1957) ; 1903,,,,,,,,,,,, 72
,,, :,, :?,,, 1879 1 3,, 1898,,,,, :,,,,, 73
1902,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,????,,,, 1905 10 4 33, 74
, 27, :, :,,,, :,,, 52, :? :, 1906,,,,,,,,, :?, 75
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, 76
,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 1902 :,?, :,,, :,,,,, 77
1921 5, : : 25,,,,,, 1923 78???!,,,,,, :,
, D B,, :? 1923 8, 30, :,,,, 90%, : (, 1768, 1849, ),,,,,, 79
,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,, :, : 80
,,, 9, ( ),,, :, :,,,,, :,,,,,,, :, 81
, 1924,, :,,,,,,,, 82
,,, :,,,,,, 5 1927 8 2,, 1928,, :, 25,,,,,,,,,, 83
1927,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,, : 1927,,,,,,,,,,, 84
,,, : :, :? :,,,,,,, 1924, : 16,, 1924 7 7,, :,,, : ( ),,, 85
1929 3,,,,,,,, 1932 :, 1933 1933 1 5,,,,, 70, :,,,,,, 86,,
, 24, ( 200 ),, Red Sox 1936 8,, :,,,,, 1957 7 8, 78 87
(1875 1944), 1928 1894,,,,, 88
,,,,,,, 1895 6,, :,,,,,,, : 1928, :, :,,, 1875 3 29,, 1885,,, 89
,,,,,, 1898,, :? :,, 1899 1 31, 2 10 24 184, 231,,,,,, 1899 3,,,,, 90
,, 1900,, 1900 6,, ( 1899 1901, ),,,,,,,, :,?,,, :,,,,,,, 91
,,,,,, :!, 1901 11,, : 1903 8 4, 1907 7 17, 1907, ( ) 30,,,,, 1556 1912,, 92
,,,, 1913, 1914,,,, 1916,,,,, :?,,,,,,, : ( ) 1918, 93
,,,, S 2300 1922 1,, 1917 13000 1924 84, 1923 4,,,, 1923 5,,,,, 1926 :, :,,, 94
,,,,, :, :,,,,,, 1925,, 1928,, 95
:?, :, 1928, 48 40,,, 1929 3 4, 5 1800,,,, 40, 200, 500,, :,,, 96
,,, 13,,,, ;,,,, 31,,,,, 1929,,,, 1929,,, : 97
,,,,, 1932 3,, 1929 3 1933 3, 481,,,,,, 1932,, 98
1932,,, 1931, :,,,, 12000,,,,, :? 99
,, 1932,, 1928, 42,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :, 100
, 65,,,,,, 1943, 1944 1 7,, 68 1000, 20 1966,, 50,,, 101
(1884 1962), 1933, ( 1933 3 1945 4 12 ),,, 1946,,,, 13 ( 1946 ) 102
,,,, 1884 11 11,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,, 1892 12,, 103
,,,,,,,,,, 1899, 15,,,,, 18,, :,, 104
,,,, 1903 11,,,, :,,,,, 1904, 1905 3 17 :,, 76, 75 105
200 340,,,,,,, : ( 1906 ) : ( 1907 ), ( 1909, ), ( 1910 ), ( 1914 ), ( 1916 ),,,, 1910,,,,,,,, 106
1912,, 1913,,,,,,,,,, 1918,,,,,, 1914 :,,, 1920, 1945 4 12,,, :,,, 107
, 1919,,,,,,, 1919 10, 1920,,, 1920, 1921 8, 39,,,, :, 1921 1922,,, 108
,,?,,,,,, 1924,,,,,, :, 1932,,,, 109
, :,, 1937 5 8,,,,,, :,, :, 110
,,,,,,,,,,,?, 1942,,, :,, 1935,,,,,, :,,, 111
,,, :,, 1939, 67%, 58%, 1939 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) : ; ( ) : ; 112
, 13,, 1933 3 4 1945 8 12 5900, G, 1400,, 5, 6.8,,,,, ;, ;, ;, 1943, 30 1934, 1945, 113
, 7.5 1942,, 1949,, 30,,, 1937,, 1936,, 1939,,,,, 114
,,, :,,,,,, :?,,,, :?,,,,,, 1939 6, 115
,, 348,,,,,, : :,, 1940,,,,,, 116
,,,,,, :? :, 1942,, 1943,, 1944,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 117
, :, :, G :,, 28, 1940, 1941,,,,, :? 1945 4 12,,,, 118
, : :,,, :? :,,,,,,, 1949,, 1974,, 119
,, 1976,,, 1918,,, 1978,, 1932 ( ),,,,,, 120
,, 1933 3,,, :,,,, 30, 2300,, 1980,,, :, : : 1960 76, :,, 121
,, 1968 17, 1945 12,,,, 1961, ( 1953 ),, ( 1961 4, ),, 122
1952 1956, 1957, N S, 1960 9, 15,,, 9 9 ( 1956 1968 ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 123
, 1962,,,,, 1962 11 7, 78 : 124
(1885 1982) 1945 4 12, S 60,,,,,,,,,, 1948,, :? 125
,,,,,,, 1946, :,,,,,,, :,,,,, 1945 4 1953 1, 640, 90,, S 1885 2 13, 126
1890,,,,, :,,,,, 1901,, 1906, 30,,,,,, 1903,,, :, 127
, 18,,, 1914,,, 1911,,, 1913 11,,,, :?, 1917,,, :, 128,,
1919 6 28,, 219 17, 1904, 29 35, 34,, 1919,, 1922 1924 2 17, 39,,, 1934,, 1935 1,, 1953 1, 18, 129
1,,, 4500,,,,,,, 1944, :,,,,, :?, :!, :?,, 1945,,,,, 130
, :,,,,,, :, 1945 4 12,,,, 33,,,,,,,,,, 131
, :!,, :,,,, :,,,, :,,,, :, 60, : 132
:,,,,,,,,,,,?!, 1910 1959 1300 1983, 29 1948 6 28 : 29 29 29, 1890 133
,!, 20,,, 1954 C 54,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 134
,,,,,, :!,! 1947 2 :,,, :,?,,,, :, :,,,,,, 135
, : 1946,, : ( ),,,,,,,,, 1945 12,, :?,,,, 136
,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 21, 137
:,,, :,,, 1948, E,, :? 24,,, 1949 1953, 1950,,, (, 138
1909 1957,, ), 1952 5,,,, 1952 12 5,,,, :? :?, :,,? 1953 1,,, 139
, 1955,,,,,,,,, : 1956,,, 1956 4 21, 37, 1969 6 28, 1972 12 26,, 89 1920 1958, 140,,
, 1976,, 20, : 1982 10 18 97 : 97,, 1953, 150 141
: 142
(1896 1979),,,,, ;, 1896 11 14,, 143
,,,,,,,, 1915, 19,,, :,! :,,,, :, :,, :, 144
,,,,,,,?, :, 1946 6, 1916,,,,, 1916 11 20,, 145
1916 7 1, 19 26,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 37 27 1917, 30,,, 146
,,,,, :,!!!, 1917 9 24,,, 1921 1 2, 1922 8 3,,,,,, 1960 9, 82,,,,,, : 147
,,, 40, :,,,, 1952 8,, 148
,,,,,,, 900, 90 10,, D,, :? :, :,,,,, :, 1936 1940, 1939,, 149
1941 6,,,,,, D,,,,,,,, 1944 1, 12,,, S 1961 1962, C,, 150
,,,,,,,, 1943 2, :,,, :,,, (, 1887 1976,, 1943,,, 1951 1958, ) :,, :? 151
50, 34,,, :,?, :,,, :,, :, 50 (,, ),,, : 152
,, :,! : 36,,, :,,,, 1952 11,, :?,,,,,,,,, 1956 153
, :,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 154
,,,,,,, :, : :?,, :, 1953 1 20 1961 1 20, 878, 1953 3 11,, 155
,,, :?,,,,,,, :,,,, 1955 9,,,, 1956 2,,,, 1961 1,, 200,,, 156
,,, 1966 7 1, :, 1968 5, 13, 1969 3 28, :, : :,, :,,,, 157
,,, :!,, 1979 9 1979 11 1, 83 158
1994) (1929, 60 :,,, :, :?,, 1960 159
, :, 1929 7 28,,,,,, 1933,, :,,,,, :, 160
1936,,, 1957 1942 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1960, 161
,,,,,, 17,, 1947,,,,,,,,,,, 1951, : 162
,? : :,, 42 50, :,,, 1951 5, :,,, 1953 12,, :,,,, 163
1953 5,,,,, 1963 11 22, :, 164
: 1953 6, 1953 9 12, 36 12 600 25,,,,,,, :,,, 165
, :?,,,,, :,, 1954 1955,, ( ),,,,, :,,, 166
1955, 1957 11 27, 1960 11 25, 1963 8 7, 1956 8,,, 8 23,,, :,,, 100,,, 1958,,, :??! 167
1960,,,,, :,, : : :,,,,, :,,, :,,,, :,,, : 168
,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,, :,,,, 169
,,, 1962 4, 49,,,,,, 1961, 100,,, 170
,, 1961,,, :,, :,,, : :,? : ( ),,, 1962 3 11 :,,, 171
,, :, 1962,,,,,,,,,,, 1961, 10.5, 12.1,,,,, 172,
,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1960 2 173
,, :,,, 20,,,,,,,,,,, :,, C 1989,,,,, 174
, 1967,,,,,,, 1962 12 18,,,,,,,,,,, 1964 1963, :? :, 175
:!!,,, :? :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 176
, 14, :,,, 1964, 1963 12 11,, 5 1,,,,, 1964,,, 1973,, 1979 177
, 1968, :! :? 1968 6,,, :,,, 1968 10 20, 38, 61,,, :, :,,, 178
,, 1971,,,,,,,, 20, 1975 3 15, 68,, :,,, 2000 1975,, 1977,,, 1978,, 179
,,,,, 1990 5, :,,,, :, 1989 7 28, 60,,, :, 1993 4, 30, 15,,, 180
1994,, 64, : 181
(1912 ), 1966 8 8 60,,, 1954 33 :, 182
,,, :, :,,,,,, :, :, : : : :, 19, 183
,,, 1912 12 22,,,, ( ),, :,,, 13 20 1928, 1933,,,,,,,,, B,,, 184
,,,, :,,, :,,,,,, : 21 1934 10,, :,,, : :,,, :, 185
,, :?, 25 E, : 30, B : 1934 11 17, 26, 22, 267,,,,,,,, :,,, 186
, :, 1937, 1,,, 1941 2 13, : ( ),,, 1943, 17500 KT- BC, KTBC,, 1944 3 19, 1947 7 2 187
, 1948,, 87,,, 1954,, 1955 7,, :,,, :,,, 1960,,,, :, : 1960,, 188
, :,,,,,,,,,,,, B,,,,,,,,, 189
1963 11 22,,,, :!,,, :!! :,,,,, 1963 11 22, 36, 1963 12, :, 132 :,, :,,,,, 74 190,,
,,, 20,,,, :, 50,, 1964 11 5,,,, :, 191
1966 8 6,, 1967 12 9, S,, LBJ,, 718, 164, 75%,,,,,,,, :? 1968 1 18,,,,, 192
, :,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,, 193
,,,,,, 33,,,, 1964, 10 6 9, 47, :!! (, ), :,, :, 194
,, 1965 1 20,,, 28000, 25 1969 12,,, 1964,, 18,, : :,, 1967 10,, :, 1968 3 31, 195
(, ) 1968, 1964,, 1969 1 20,,,, :,,,,,, 37,,,,,, : 1972,, 30, 196
: 21 21,,, 1969 5,, 1973 1,,,, S 1976 1976 200,, 1776,, 197
1987 2,, :,,,? : 1970,, 1988 1986,, 2750, : 198
(1912 1993),, 1970 5,, 1972,,,,,, 199
,,,,,, 1912 3 16 3 17,,, 3 17, 3 17,,,,, 30 1925, 13,,,, 200
: 17 :,,, 1974,, :,,,, 1930,,,,, :,,,,, 1934,,,,, 201
,,,, 25,,,,,, 1937,,, 190, 1887, 25000,,,,,, 1938,, :,? 202
, :,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1940,, 1940 6 21, 28, 27 : 1968, :, 203
178, 1941,,,,,, 1994, 1946 2 21,,, 1948 7 5 1968,,, :,, ;, 1946, 12,,,, 204
,,,, 1952,, 1952,,, 1952,,,, 40,,, :,,,,, 205
,,, 1952 9 23,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,, 206
:!!,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 52, 1958 5,,,, :,,,, 1960,,, : 207
,, :, 1960 118000,,,,, 1962,,, :,,, 208
,,, 1962,,, 60 1968,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1969 1,,, :,,,,, 209
,,,, 1969 1 1974 8, 986 1969 3,,,,,, 210, 1969
1974 8 9,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 50, :,, :,,,,,, 211
,,,,, :? :, :,,,,, :,,, 1000,,,, :,, 212 1971 6 12,
,,,,,, :, 500 1972 2,,,, 20, 1972, :,, (, ),, :,, : 213
,,, :,, 48 1974 8 9,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1975, :,, 1976 7 8,,,, 214
,,,, 1980 2,, 1981 10, 1983,, 1984,, 24, 300 1993 6 22, 81, : 215
(1918 ), 1979,,,, 1977,,, 1978,,,,, 216
,,,,,,,,, 1981 : 1987,,,, 1982,,, 1987,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 217
, : 1918 4 8,,,,,,,,,,,,, :!,,, 1936,,,,,, :,,,, 16,,,,,,,,,, 218
,,,,,, 1939,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 24,,,,,,,,, 29, 1947 8,,, 219
,,, :, 20 20,,,,, 1948 10 15 1948,,, 1948 2,,, :,, 11, 6,, 220
,,,,,,,, 10 5,,,,, 35, 30,,,, :,,,, 30,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,, 221
, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1957,,,, 1965, :,,,,,,,,! : 1964 8,,,,,,,, 1970,, 1974, 1973 10,, 12,,, 222,, 1974 8
9 38, :,,,, :,!, 1974 8,,,,,,,,,,, 223
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1976,,,,,,, : 25, 224,
:,,,, :,, :?, 1975 8 60,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1000, : 2000,, : :, 225
1976, 71% 1977, 1973, 1975 9,,,,,,,, :,?,,,,,,,,, 226
, 1976 6 22,,,,,, :,,,!,,,,,,,,, : :!, 1975 7,,,,, :,,, :, 227
,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,?,,,,,,,, 1976, :,? :,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 228
,,, :,, 1987, 69,, 229
(1927 ), 1977,,,,, 230
,, (,,, ),,,,,,,,,, 1979, :,,,,,, 1991 2 19 1966 ( ),,,,,, 231
,,,,,, :,,,, :,, 1927 8 18,,,, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,, 232
,,, 1940,,,, 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1944, 17,,, 233
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1945 6,,,,,!,, 20, 17,,,,,, 234
, :,,,,,,, :,?, ;,,,,,,,, :, 1946 2,, 7,, 1946 7 17,, 235
,,, 19,,, 1947,,, 1950 1952 1967,,,,,,,,,,, 1953 7,,,,,,,,,, 236,
, :!,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1962,,,, 1966,,, 1970,,,,,,, 237
,, 1975,,, 1976, :,??, :, :,?,,,,, 1976,, :,,,, 18, :, 238
,, :, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1976 12 239
?,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1977 1 20 39,,, :,,,, 240
,,,,,,,,,, 1977 1, 600,, :,,,,,,,,, : 241
,,,,,,?,, :,,, 1978 :,,,,,,,, 242
,,,,,,,,,, :,,?,,, :,, (, ),,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 243
:, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1983,, 1977 8, :, :,, 248, 154, 641, 36,,, 244
,,,, 1977, :,,,, :,,,, 1978 1979 1977,,,,,,, 245
, 70%,,, 1979,,,,, 22%,,,, 1982, :? 246
,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 247
,, 1979, 1980,,, 1976,,,,,, :, : :,, 248
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987, :,, 249
,,,,, 1987,, 1984 :,,, :,, 250
(1923 ), 1981, 40 ( 1981 1989 ), 251
,,,,,,,,,,, 1985 6 10,,,,,, 8,,, :, :,,, 252
,,,? :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1923 6 6,,, 13,, 253
1929,,, 5,,,,?,?, :,,,, 1943,,,,,, 254
, :, :,,, :? 1949, B,,, 30,,, 1951,,, 255
,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ),,, 3,, 256
,,, :, :? : ( 1940 1948 ),,,, :,,,,,, 28,,,, : :,,,,,, 11, 257
, :,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,, 1952 3 4,, 41, 29, 31,, 258
,,,, :,,, 1952 10 22,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1957 259
, 1957,,,,,,,,, 1958 5 20,,, 1952 2.4,,, 1954, 260
, 1956,,,,, 1961,, 600, 20,,,,, 1962 :,, 261
,,,,,,,,, 1250, 12,,,,,,,, :, 1974, :!,,,,, 262,
,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1980 11 4,,,,,,, 263
,,,, 1980,,,,, 1981 1 20, 1250, 21,,,, :, 22 1981 ( ) 264
,,,, 50, 28 1981 2 9 75,,, :, 12,,, 5,,,,, 5,, 822641 209508, 220, 265
1981, 62%, 30%, :!, 1981 3 30,,,, :!, :??,,,,,,,,,, 266
,,, :,,, 1982 3 29,,,, 1981 2 6,, 70 16,,,,,,,,, :, 267
1981 6 30 1981, 3, 25,, 1981,, 58,,,,,,,, 268
, :,,,,,, 1985, 269
, 20,,,,,,, 74,,,, 20,,,, 1985 17, 1987 5, 30 60, 1986 10,,! :, 270,
1987,,,, 1987 2 26,,,, 1985,,,, 1987 1 27,, 1986 11 19, :,,, 271
,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,, 1985,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1980 272
!,!,,, :,,,, 1973,, 1981, 1990 3,?,, :,, 1980 273
, 70, 70,,,, 60 1986,, : :,,, 1992,,, 1977,,,,, 1981,,,, 274
1989 1 20, :, : 20 20,,,, 1990,,,,,, 1986 20 250 1.5 1989, 613, 500,,, 666, 666 275
, 668,,,,,, 1989,,, 276
(1925 ) 41,,,,,,,,,,,, 95, 64, 1989, :, 277
,,,,, ;,,, 1988,,, :, 1925 6 8,,,,, 14,,,,,,, :,,,, :, 278 1949, 1969
1931,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1941 12,,,,,,, :,,,,, 279
,,,,,,,, 1943 8,,, 12,,,,, 1988 :?,,,,, 1944, 9 2, 1944, 1945 6,,, 250,,, 280
1945, 1946 7, 1949, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1959,, 1989, 43,,, 36, 35, 33, 1990 1, 12, 1953,,,,,,,,,, 2000 54,,, 2001 1 20 281
,,,,,, 1948 6, 3000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1954,, 150, 44, 17 28, 282 1966,
, 15,,,,,, : 1970,, :,,,,,, 22 :,,, :,,,,, 13,, 283
,,,,,, 1975 12,,, : :,, ;,,, 284, 1983 2 1
1977 1,,, 1980,, 1981 20,,,, :,,!,, 1192, 1232,,, 1988, NBC : 80, 40,? :,,,,,,,,,, 1984,, :,, 285
,,,,,,,,,, 1984,,,,,,,,,, (1981 1989),,,, :,?, 286
,,,,,,, 1988,,,,,,, 1992 8, :, 1989, 44 29,,, 200,,,,,,, :,,, 68, 287
200,,,, 1990 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 288
1982, 1983, 1984, 1987,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988,, 289
,, 10 20 :,,,, :? :,,,,,,, 1992,,, 1988,,,,,, :,,, 290
,,,,, 1988 :,? :,,,,,,,,,,, : 1990 2, 1989 8 30,,, 1984, 291
, 1990, 1989 3,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1990,,,,,, :,,, ;, 6 1,,,, 292
,, 12,,, 1992 1,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1992, 80%, 40%, 79%, 4% 1992 10, : 293
, 1992 8,,, 1992,,,,,,,,, 294
, :,, :,,,, 1992 11 3,, :, 1992,,,, : 295
(1947 ), 1994 20,,, :, 296
1992, :,,, :,,,,,,,, 1967 1947 10 26,,,,, :, 297
:, 1965, 60, 1968,, 1969,,,,,,,, 1970,, :,, 298
, : 1972,,,,,,,,,,,, 1974,, 1975 10 11 29, 28 20, 100, 1976,, 299
1978,,, :, 1980 1980,,,,,,,,, 1988,, 1974,,,, 1979 300
,,, 1977 1976,, 1989 1992,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 1990 1990 4 7,,,,, 301
,,,,,, 1992 8 14,,,,,, 1977,, 1980 1987 1978 1981, ( LSC),,,, 302
,,, 14%,,,,, 1984,,,,,,,,,,, 1990,,,,, : 303
, :,? ( ) 1992,,,,,,, 1992 3 27 29, : 41% 24% 55%, 24%, 84% 1992 4, 38%,, 30%,, : (75% ) ( 65% ) (48% ) ( 44% ) : ( 44% ) (36% ) ( 28% ), : 53%, 22% 304
:, 1990, 19, 1993 25, 35000,,,,,, 1992,, :,,,,,, 12, 305
, :,,,,,, :,,?,, :,, 306
,, 1979,,,,,,, 1992,,, 1992, :,,,, 55% 300, 307
CNN, 74%, 9%,, 14%,,,,, 1992 11,,, : :, :,,,, : 308
,,,,?,,,, :, :,, 1993 1,, : 1993,,,,, 309
,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,, 17,,, 310
,,,, 1992 :,,,, 311
, :,,, 1993, :?,,,,,,, 312,,1993 8
:,,, :,,, 1993 3, 82 16,, 1993 4 7,,, 4000 1992 1993,, 500,,,, 313
: 1993 3,,, 4,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1993 9,, 57%, 31%,,, : 2010,, 1994 314 1994,,
, 1994 12, 69000,, 1994,, ( 1978 9 1979 7 ), 1000 99537,,, 1994 4 22,,, 315
1984 1994 5,, 100, :, :,, :,,,,,,,,, 316
, :,,,, 1995,, 1994, 1995,, 1995 8,,, 1995 9,, 1996, 11,, 1996, 1995 7 Talking it Over, 317
150, It Takes a Village, 1995 4,, 1996,,,, 1993?, CNN 1996, 51% ABC, 50% 33%,,,, :, 1996 318
26,,,,,,, :,, 1968, 1986,?,,,,,,, 1996 It Takes a Village 75 59 13,, 319
,,,,, 1996 8,,,,,,,, 1997 1 20, 1997 3, 5 21 1997 6 23,, 320
321