3,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, : ( conflicts efficiency),, ; ( substantive efficiency),, 1,, -,,,,,,,, 3 2004 ( : NCET - 04-0592) 1, P : ( Joel P. Tracht2 man, Econom ic Analysis of Prescrip tive Jurisdiction, 42 Va. J. Int l L., 2001, p. 42. ) 35
2007 5 :,, ;,,,, ( ),,,,,, : X Y, X X, X, Y, Y, Y X ;, Y Y, Y,, X, X ; Y,, 1963,,,,, ( - ), 2, X Y, X X Y Y, X ;, X X Y Y, Y, X Y,, 2 F : (W illiam F. Baxter, Choice of Law and the Federal System, 16 36 Stan. L. Rev., 1963, p. 12. ), H / A : : (W illiam H. A llen & Erin A. O Hara, Second Generation Law and Econom ics of Conflict of Laws: Baxter s Comparative Impair2 ment and Beyond, 51 Stan. L. Rev., 1999, pp. 1011-1048. )
, 3,,, 4, 5,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 6,, ( ) ( ) ( ),, ( ),,,, ;, ( ),,,,,, ( ),,, :, ( Tit - Tat), ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;, 3 2, 7 4 P : (Joel P. Trachtman, Conflict of Laws and Accuracy in the A llocation of Government Responsibility, 26 Vand. J. Transnat l L., 1994, p. 1017. ) 5 : (Larry Kramer, Rethinking Choice of Law, 90 Colum. L. Rev., 1990, pp. 339-344. ) 6 : : (Lea B rilmayer, Conflict of Laws: Foundations and Future D irections, L ittle, B rown and Company, 2nd ed., 1995, pp. 169-196. ) 37
2007 5, ( ),,,, :, ;, 1.,,, ( secondary p redictability),,,,, (p rimary p redictability), 7,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 8,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,, 9,,,,,,, 7,, 2, 3 8 : ( 1 ) ( / A ), 2003, 438-439 9 J / : (M ichael J. W hincop & Mary Keyes, Policy and 38 Pragmatism in the Conflict of Law, A shgate Publish L im iting Company, 2001, p. 27. )
,,,, 10,,,,,, 11,,,,, 12,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ;, 13 10,,, A : ( R ichard A. Posner, Econom ic Analysis of Law, C ITIC Publishing House, 2003, pp. 568-569. ) 11 : (Larry E. R ibstein, Choosing Law by Contract, 18 J. Corp. L., 1993, p. 254. ) 12,,,,,, 10, 567 13 10, 602-603 A / : ( Erin A. O Hara & Larry R ibstein, From Politics to Efficiency in Choice of Law, 67 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1151, pp. 1153, 1179-1180, 1190-1192. ) 39
2007 5,,,, ( ), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14, :,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ( race to the bottom ),,, 15,,, 16,, 17,,,, 14 8, 440 15 E : (M ichael E. Solim ine, An Econom ic and Emp iri2 16 15, 59 17 40 cal Analysis of Choice of Law, 24 Ga. L. Rev., 1989, pp. 68-89. ), 100, 90,,, 15%,, 85, ( 90 ),, 10 10, 563
,,,, :,,,,,, 1971 6 2, C,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 2001-2002, 50, 90% (45 ) ; 4% (2 ) ; 2% (1 ) ; 4% (2 ) 18 2003-2004, 100 91% (91 ) ; ( ) 6% (3 ) ; 2% (2 ) ; ( ) 4% (4 ) 19, :,,,, ; 20,,,, 18 2003, ( ) 19 / : 2003, 2004 7, 2005, 133 ; / / : 2004, 2005 8, 2006, 94 20 G : : ( Kurt G. Siehr, Domestic Relations in Europe: European Equivalents to American Evolutions, 30 Am. J. Comp. L., 1982, pp. 63-65. ) 41
2007 5,,, ( ), 21,, 2001-2002 45, 26, 58% ; 22 2003-2004,,, 91, 18, 20% 23,?, :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), :,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 24 21 2002-2004, 40, 1 ( ), 1, / : 2002, 2003 6, 2003, 20-31 ; 19 (2004 7 ), 119-133 ; 19 (2005 8 ), 79 22 18, ( ) 23 19 (2004 7 ), 133 ; 19 (2005 8 ), 94 24 : : ( Sofie Geerom s, Foreign Law in Civil 42-93 L itigation: A Comparative and Functional Analysis, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 246. )
, :,,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,, 26, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 27,,,,,, 28 ( ),,,,,, : 25 :, 2003, 146 26 1990 < > ( ) 222,,,, 24, 127-129 27 : ( Talia Einhorn, The A scertainment and App lication of Foreign Law in Israeli Courts - Getting the Facts and Fallacies Straight, in Talia Einhorn & Kurt Sie2 hr eds., Intercontinental Cooperation through Private International Law, T. M. C A sser Press, 2004, p. 111. ) 28, 2003,,,,,,, 1980 ;, 1994 ;, 2004,,,, / :, 2005 1 4 C2 43
2007 5,,,,,,, 29,,,, ;, 30, :,,,, ;,,,,,,, 31,,,,,,,,,,, 32,,, :, ;,,,,,,, ;,, 33 29 : :, 2004,, 422-428 ;, 263-282 ; : :, 2005, 203-210 ; 224-230 30 C : 20 :? ( Symeon C. Symeonides ed., Private Inter2 31 13, 1151-1232 32 C : : ( Trevor C. Hartley, Pleading and Proof of 33 B : : ( Rudolf 44 national Law at the End of the 20 th Century: Progress or Regress? Kluwer Law International, 2000, p. 171. ) Foreign Law: The Major European System s Compared, 45 ICLQ, 1996, p. 45. ) B. Schlesinger, A Recurrent Problem in Transnational L itigation: The Effect of Failure to Invoke or Prove the App lica2 ble Foreign Law, 59 Cornell L. Rev. 1973, pp. 2-3. )
, :,,,,, /, (,,, ) 34,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,, 1999 Mutuelle du Man,,, ;, 35 ( ),,,, :,, 36,,,,,,,,,, 37,, 34 : : ( R ichard Fentiman, Foreign Law in English Courts: Pleading, Proof, and Choice of Law, Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 171. ) 35 24, 70-72 36 2002 1, 37 37 30, 6 45
2007 5 (, ),, 38 : ( ) ; ; ; ; ; 39,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,, ;,,,,, 40,,,,, :,,,, 38 21 (2003 6 ), 39 39 E : ( Peter E. Nych, Autonomy in International Contracts, Clarendon Press, 1999, pp. 113-120. ) 40 :,,,,, ;,,,,,,, : : ( Gerhard Kegel, Paternal Home and D ream: Traditional Conflict of Laws and the American Reformers, 27 Am. J. Comp. L., 1979, pp. 617-621. ) 46
, ( ), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 41 : 42,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ( : ) 41 :, / : ( 3 ), 1999, 604-619 42 [ ] : ( ), /, 2002, 163 47